Properties of Integers Integers are whole numbers, their negatives, and 0 Integers extend infinitely in positive and negative

0 is neither positive or negative You cant have a remainder of a number if youre dividing by that number Addition of Integers even + even = even odd + odd = even odd+ even = odd Multiplication of Integers even x even = even odd x odd = odd odd x even = even Squares of Fractions If a positive fraction with a value less than 1 is squared, the result i s always smaller than the original fraction 0 < n < 1 n2 < n (2/3)2 = 4/9 (1/8)2 = 1/64 Fractions and Rational Numbers A rational number is a number that can be represented by a fraction whos e numerator and denominator are both integers (and the denominator must be nonze ro). rational numbers can be negative every integer is a rational number Reciprocals the reciprocal of a negative number is still negative Place Value and Scientific Notation 654123 6 is in the hundred-thousand place 5 is in the ten thousands place 4 is in the thousands place 1 is in the hundreds place 2 is in the tens place 3 is in the units (ones) place 0.56 = 0.5 + 0.06 2,300,000,000,000 = 2.3 x 1012 starting from the last 0, there are 12 decimal places until the first no nzero number from the left (3)

0.0000000007 = 7 x 10-10 Does the equation 3x+6y = 47 have a solution in which x and y are both positive integers? Note that 3x+6y = 47 is the same thing as

3(x+2y) = 47. Therefore for any positive integers x and y, the sum of 3x+6y is a multiple of 3. 47 is not a multiple of 3, so the equation does not have solutio n in which x and y are both positive integers. Sequences To find the number of any term an = a1 + (n-1)d Sum of certain number of terms Arithmetic Sequence 3, 7, 11, 15 the nth term in the sequence is 3+4(n-1) Geometric Sequence 7, 21, 63, 189 the nth term in the sequences 7 x 3n-1

Number sequence questions might ask you for: the sum of certain terms in a sequence the average of certain terms in a sequence the value of a specific term in a sequence Sets (Union, Intersection, Elements) [] a set is a collection of things [] these things are called elements or members [] a union of two sets is the set consisting of the elements that are in either or both sets [] a intersection of two sets is the set consisting of the common elements set A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} set B = {8, 10, 12, 14} The union of set A and set B: {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14} The intersection of sets A and set B: {8, 10}

Fundamental Counting Principle [] The fundamental counting principle is the principle by which you figure out h ow many possibilities there are for selecting members of different groups: If one event can happen n ways, and a second, independent event can happen in m ways, the total ways in which the two events can happen is n x m. On a restaurant menu, there are 3 deserts, 2 beverages, 3 appetizers, and 4 main courses. How many different dinners can be ordered if each dinner consists of o ne appetizer and one main course? 3 deserts x 2 beverages x 3 appetizers x 4 main courses = 72 different dinners Permutations and Combinations

[] a permutation of a set is a reordering of the elements in the set A security system uses a 4 letter password, but no letter can be used more than once. How many possible passwords are there? For the first letter there are 26 possible choices (one for each letter of the alphabet). For the second letter there are 25 possible choices (26 minus the letter used in the first letter of the password). For the third letter there are 24 possible choices (26 minus the 2 lette rs used in the first and second letters of the password). For the fourth letter there are 23 possible choices (26 minus the 3 lett er used in the first, second, and third letters of the password). 26 x 25 x 24 x 23 = 358, 800 possible passwords [] a combination of a set is when the order in which the members are chosen make s no difference. There are 12 students in the school theater class. 2 students will be responsibl e for finding props needed for the play. How many different pairs of students ca n be chosen to find the props? the first student chosen can be any of the 12 students the second student chosen can be any of the remaining 11 Suppose Amy and Juan are in the class. There are 2 ways Amy and Juan cou ld be chosen: Amy first and Juan second, or Juan first and Amy second. Because o rder does not matter, we have to find a way to get rid of this fact. To get the answer, multiply 12 x 11 to get the number of ways of choosin g a pair of students. Then divide that number by 2 to get rid of the ordering. 12 x 11 = 132/2 = 66 Algebra and Functions Review Exponents When multiple expressions with the same base, add the exponents. a2 x a5 = a7 When a number raised to an exponent is raised to a second exponent, mult iple the exponents. (n3)6 = n3 *6 = n18 Evaluating Expressions with Exponents and Roots If x3/2 = 64, what is x? x3/2 = (x3)1/2 = 64 taking the cube root you find: x1/2 = 4 Squaring both sides: x = 16

Solving Equations If a+b = 5, what is the value of 2a+2b? 2a+2b = 2(a+b) a+b = 5 2(5) = 10 Solving for One Variable in Terms of Another If 3x+y = z, what is x in terms of y and z? 3x + y = z move the y next to the z : 3x = z-y

divide the 3: x = y z/3

Absolute Value 7- t = 10 7 t = 10 t = 3 t = -3 -(7 t) = 10 -7 + t = 10 t = 17 So t = -3 or 17 Direct and Inverse Variation [] the quantities x and y are directly proportional if y = kx for some constant k. When the value of x is 10, y is equal to -5. If x = 3, what is y? y = kx: -5 = k(10) k = -1/2 y = -1/2x y = (-1/2)(3) = -3/2 or 10/(-5) = 3/y 10y= -15 y = -3/2 [] the quantities x and y are inversely proportional if y=k/x for some constant k. If xy = 4, show that x and y are inversely proportional. Divide both sides of the equation xy = 4 by x y=4/x Therefore, x and y are proportional, with k =4. Word Problems The average height of 4 members of a 6 person team is 175. What does the average height of the other 2 players have to be if the average height of the entire te am is 180. x/4=175 x = 700 (the total weight of the 4 persons) (700+(2 other members))/6=180 700 + (2 other members) = 1080 2 other members = 380 380/2=190 If c and d are inversely proportional and c = 10 when d = 6, what is d when c = 30? y=k/x : c=k/d 10 = k/6 k=60 30 = 60/d d = 2 Domain and Range [] the domain of a function is the set of all the values for which the function is defined. [] the range of a function is the set of all values that are the output, or resu lt, of applying the function.

What are the domain and range of f(x) = 1 + x ? the formula is defined if x is 0 and any nonnegative numbers so the domain is all nonnegative numbers A square root is nonnegative so every value of f must be at least 1. Is every number r 1 equal to f(s) for some s? f(s) = 1 + s = 9 s = 8 s = 64 So, the range of f is all numbers greater than or equal to 1.

Geometry and Measurement Review [] 2 angles whose measures have a sum of 180o are called supplementary angles [] Parallel lines. When a line intersects a pair of parallel lines, the 8 angles formed are related in several ways.

4 4 4 8 8

=3 + 8 = 180 = 7 + 7 = 180 = 2

1 1 3 3

+ = + =

1 = 8 3 = 180 2 2 = 180 7

[] to convert from percent to degrees, multiply the percent by 3.6 Triangles [] An isosceles triangle is a triangle with two sides of equal length. The angle s opposite the equal sides are also equal. [] 30 60 90 Triangles Short leg = x Long leg = x3 Hypotenuse = 2x

[] 45 45 90 Triangles A diagonal makes two 45-45-90 Triangles with the sides of the square. [] Congruent Triangles If each pair of corresponding sides has the same length, then the two tr iangles are congruent If two pairs of corresponding sides each have the same length, and the a ngles formed by these sides have the same measure, then the two triangles are co ngruent

If one pair of corresponding sides has the same length, and two pairs of corresponding angles each have the same measure, then the two triangles are con gruent [] Similar Triangles If two pairs of corresponding angles each have the same measure, then th e two triangles are similar. If one pair of corresponding angles has the same measure, and the pairs of corresponding sides that form those angles have lengths that are in the same ratio, then the two triangles are similar. [] The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the len gth of the third side. Parallelograms the opposite angles are of equal measure, and the opposite sides are of equal length. a rectangle is a parallelogram with 90o angles Angles of a Polygon [] a regular polygon is a polygon whose sides all have the same length and whose angles all have the same measure. [] to find the interior angle sum of a polygon: 180(n-2) where n = number of sides

Coordinate Geometry [] two lines are perpendicular when the product of their slopes is -1 [] Midpoint formula: x1+ x2 , y1 + y1 2 2 [] Distance formula (x2 x1)2 + (y2 y1)2 [] Volume of a sphere: 4/3 r^3 [] utting a fractional coefficient in front of a

[] utting a whole number coefficient makes it thinner

Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability [] if there are multi le modes DO NOT take the average [] average x number of values = sum of values Weighted Average Fifteen members of a class had an average SAT math score of 500. The remaining 1 0 members of the class had an average of 550. What is the average score of the e ntire class. (500 x 15) + (550 x 10) = 520 25

arabola makes it wider

In an election, 2.8 million votes were cast and each vote was for either Candida te I or Candidate II. Candidate I received 28,000 more votes than Candidate II. What ercent of the 2.8 million votes were cast for Candidate I. C1 + C2 = 2,800,000 C1 = C2 + 28,0000 (C2+28,000) + C2 = 2,800,000 2C2 + 28,000 = 2,800,000 2C2 = 2,772,000 C2 = 1,386,000 So, C1 = 1,386,000 + 28,000 1,414,000 / 2,800,000 x 100 = 50.5%

The gra h above shows the function g, where g(x) = k(x+3)(x-3) for some constant k. If g (a-1.2) = 0 and a > 0, what is the value of a? This is retty much asking at what oint does g = 0. Since g(x) or g(a-1.2) is considered the y coordinate, you know in this case that y = 0 at x = 3 and x = -3. So: a 1.2 = 3 a = 4.2 We choose the ositive one because it says a > 0

A four digit integer, WXYZ, in which W, X, Y, and Z each re resent a different d igit, is formed according to the rules: X = W + Y + Z W = Y + 1 Z = W 5 What is the 4 digit integer? W is the key variable Z = W-5 Y = W-1 X = W+Y+Z = W+(W-1)+ (W-5) = 3W-6 This means: W can't be less than 5 (or W-5 < 0) W can't be greater than 5 (or 3W - 6 > 9) So WXYZ = 5940 is the only solution.

Meredith has a red hat, a blue hat, and a white hat. She also has three sweaters - one red, one blue, and one white- and three airs of jeans- one red, one blue, and one white. Meredith wants to wear a red, white, and blue outfit consisting of one hat, one sweater, and one air of jeans. How many different ossibilities does she have? Choose a sweater, hat, or jeans (doesnt matter which one you pick). So, I choose sweater, and I have 3 choices of colors (I pick red). I then choose a hat, and I have 2 choices of color (I pick blue). I finally choose jeans, I only have 1 choice of color (I pick white). So, 3 x 2 x 1 = 6 different possibilities

The cost of a telephone call using long-distance carrier A is $1.00 for any time up to and including 20 minutes and $0.07 per minute thereafter. The cost using long-distance carrier B is $0.06 per minute for any amount of time. For a call t hat lasts t minutes, the cost is same for both carriers. If t is a positive inte ger greater than 20, what is t? C1 = 1.00 + 0.07(t-20) C2 = 0.06t 1.00 + 0.07(t-20) = 0.06t 1.00 + 0.07t 1.4 = 0.06t -0.4 = -.01t t = 40 minutes X 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 F(x) -1 0 2 -3 4 -5 6

Several values of the function f are shown above. The function g is defined by g (x) = f (3x+1). What is the value of g(2)? (3(2) + 1) = 7 find 7 on the x boxes and look at the value of g(x) next to it -5 Any 2 points determine a line. If there are 6 points in a plane, no 3 of which l ie in the same line, how many lines are determine by pairs of these 6 points? 6 points can form a line with each of the 5 other points. 6 x 5 = 30 However, we counted each line twice because the line from AB and BA are the same line. So, 30/2 = 15 If x does not equal 0 and x is inversely proportional to y, what is directly pro portional to 1/x^2 ? y= k/x because k is any constant, we can let it equal 1

y = 1/x Now, all we have to do is square both sides to get what the original pro portion y^(2 )=1/x^2

The figure above shows an arrangement of 10 squares, each with side length k inc hes. The perimeter of the figure is p inches. The area of the figure is a square inches. If p=a, what is the value of k? 10k2 = a 16k = p Because a = p: 10k2 = 16k 16/10 = k^2/k 16/10=k k = 8/5 In the figure above, 6 segments and OB bisects AOD. If x=40 and Because OB bisects AOE, So AOD = 80 Because OD bisects AOF, y = 30, so DOE = 50 BOE = 40 + 50 = 90 intersect at O; OD bisects AOF, OC bisects AOE, y=30, what is the measure of BOE? BOD = 40 DOF = 80

The sum of eleven different integers is zero. What is the least number of these integers that must be positive: None, 1, 5, 6, or ten? The number of integer is 1 because say that that number is really is hig h then itll take the remaining 10 integers, which will be negative, to bring the sum all the way down to 0. A cube with volume 8 cubic centimeters is inscribed in a sphere so that each ver tex of the cube touches the sphere. What is the length of the diameter, in centi meters, of the sphere? So, we have to use the Pythagorean Theorem. The diagonal of the cube is the diameter of the sphere. So, Side 1 is just 2 because (3&8) = 2 Side 2 is the hypotenuse of a 45-45-90 triangle with legs 2 and 2, so Si de 2 = 22 Now, we have to use the Pythagorean Theorem 22 + (22)2 = Diagonal of Cube 4 + 8 = C2 The diameter of the sphere = 3.4641 (Figure of a sector with a 30 degree angle) In the figure above, QR is the arc of a circle with center P. If the length of a rc QR is 6, what is the area of sector PQR. First, you have to find the circumference of the total circle. 360/30 = 12, so now 6 x 12 = 72 Now, we have to find the area of the circle. The area = 1296 So, now we multi ly 30/360 x 1296 = 108 The eggs in a certain basket are either white or brown. If the ratio of the numb

er of white eggs to brown eggs is 2/3 , each of the following could be the numbe r of eggs in the basket exce t: 10, 12, 15, 30, 60 The ratio of white eggs to total eggs is 2/5 The ratio of brow eggs to total eggs is 3/5 So, the total eggs must be divisible by 5 That leaves 12 as the im ossible number If 1818 =rt, where r and t are ositive integers and r > t, which of the followin g could be the value of rt: 18, 36, 108, 162, 324? Lets try to simplify 1818 18 x 9 x 2 18 x 3 x 2 542 = rt 54 x 2 =108

In the figure above, what is the value of c in terms of a and b? The angles above form a quadrilateral Quadrilaterals have total angle measures of 360 So, 2a + 3b + c = 360 -360 + 2a + 3b = -c 360 - 2a 3b = c

A B C D E If the 5 letters shown above are placed in a row so that C is never at either en d, how many different arrangements are possible? First find how many different combinations can be made 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120 Now subtract the number of combinations with C at the end. Because C will be stationary and the other 4 cards are moving 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 24 Multiply that number by 2 to take care of both sides 120 - 48 = 72 The lengths of the sides of a right triangle are consecutive even integers, and shortest side is x. Which of the following equations could be used to find x? [] x + x + 1= x + 2 [] x2 + (x+1)2 = (x+2)2 [] x2 + (x+2)2 = (x+4)2 [] x + x + 2 = x + 4 [] x2 = (x+2)(x+4) You have to use the Pythagorean Theorem x2 + (x+2)2 = (x+4)2

Let the function f be defined by f(x) = x + 1. If 2f(p) = 20, what is the value of f(3p)? 2(x + 1) = 20 2x + 2 = 20 x = 9 f(3p) = (3 x 9) + 1 = 28

On the number line above, there are 9 equal intervals between 0 and 1. What is t he value of x? x= 6/9 You have to simplify this! x= 2/3 x = 4/9

If re [] [] [] [] []

a, b, c, and f are 4 nonzero numbers, then all of the following proportions a equivalent except: a/f= b/c f/c= b/a c/a= f/b a/c= b/f af/bc= 1/1 Just cross multiply each one. You see that all except a/f= b/c will equal af = bc

x-4/3 = k-2 (x-4/3)-3/4 = (k-2)-3/4 x = k3/2 y4/3 = n2 (y4/3)3/4 = (n2)3/4 y = n3/2 xy = k3/2*n3/2 = (nk)3/2 (xy)-2/3 = [(nk)3/2]-2/3 = (nk)-1 = 1/(nk)

You can tell the base is 1 because of the x coordinates of A and D. They extend on both sides. The area of ABCD is 4, so that means CD = 4, with 2 in each side of x ax is. So, 2 = p(1/2)3 2 = 1/8p p = 16

In the xy coordinate plane, line l is perpendicular to the y axis and passes thr ough the point (5,-3). Which of the following is an equation of line l? [] x = 0 [] x = 5

[] y = -3 [] y + 3 = x + 5 [] y 3 = x + 5 Because it is perpendicular to the y axis, the line is horizontal. y = -3 because it passes through (5,-3) [] if the slope of a line is reflected across an axis, the sign is reversed

Slope of line is 3 so the equation of line is y = 3x k = 3h ----> k/h = 3 A Company sells boxes of balloons in which the balloons are red, green, or blue. Luann purchased a box of balloons in which 1/3 of them were red. If there were half as many green balloons in the box as red ones and 18 balloons were blue, ho w many balloons were in the box? There were x balloons. x/3 were red 1/2 * x/3 = x/6 were green 18 were blue x/3 + x/6 + 18 = x 2x/6 + x/6 + 18 = x 3x/6 + 18 = x x/2 + 18 = x 18 = x/2 36 = x If 2x + 2x + 2x + 2x = 27, what is the value of x? The above is the same thing as 4(2x) = 27 22(2x) = 27 22+x = 27 x = 5 If xy = 7 and x y = 5, then x2y xy2 = xxy xyy 7x 7y 7(x-y) = 7(5) = 35 Each student in a cooking class of 50 students is assigned to create a desert, a n appetizer, or both. The total number of students creating an appetizer is seve n more than the number of students creating a desert. If the number of students that create two dished is the same as the number of students that create exactly one dish, how many students only created a desert? Group1 + Group2 Both + Neither = Total d + d 7 25 = 50 d = 34 34 is how many people made desert, not how many people ONLY made desert So, 34 25 = 9 people only made desert

If 60% of Jims puzzles have 50 pieces each and 40% have 30 pieces each, what is t he average (arithmetic mean) number of pieces per puzzle? Because the number of puzzles is not given, we can choose our own number I chose 10 (6(50)+4(30))/10=42 Maria has 74 pebbles that she wants to divide into 25 piles. If the 10th pile is to have more pebbles than any other pile, what is the least number of pebbles t hat can be in the 10th pile. To get a rough estimate of the number, divide 74/25=2.96 So, the answer will be around 2.96 So, lets say the 10th pile has 3 pebbles in it. 24 x 2 = 48 48 + 3 = 51 So, it cant be 3 pebbles in 10th pile. Lets try 4 pebbles in 10th pile. 3 x 24 = 72 72 + 4 = 76 So, we have enough to meet the total, and the other 24 piles dont need to have 3 in them, so it can be manipulated to be equal to 74. In the xy plane, lines a and c intersect at coordinates (n, 7/2 ). If the equati on of line a is y = 1/2 x+5 and the equation for line c is y = 1/3x + b, what is the value of b? First, solve for n. In line a, replace 7/2 with y and n with x. 7/2=1/2 n+5 n = -3 Plug in n and y in line b to solve for b 7/2=1/3 n+b b= 9/2