BSE STOCK MARKET

By: panchani rohit kumar m. 5th semester

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, RAJKOT.

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This is to certify that Roll_no:080200107036

Mr. PANCHANI ROHIT M. having

Branch: COMPUTER

respectively.

ENGINEERING Semester 5th has satisfactorily completed the project work in the subject Seminar within the four walls of the institute.

Subject of Seminar: BSE-NSE STOCK MARKET Date of Submission:

Guided By:T.R. SHYARA

Head of Department M. P. JANI

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ABSTRACT
BSE and NSE stock market is Indian stock market.BSE means Bombay stock exchange and NSE means national stock exchange. We will see that requirement of persons to open an account in particular stock broker. Stocks means simply share of particular company. We will that what is sensex and nifty. We will see that which factors affected in stock. How the stock prizes decide and how that prize change in every seconds. All control is done by SEBI means security exchange board of India. We will see use of computer in stock market that how the transaction is done in particular accounts. OBIN and NIT is very popular and mostly used in stock market to transaction .how to analysis done through computer software.useing chart analyses analysis that what is prize of particular stock in future. We will see that what is requirement of company that publish the stock. What and how is income of Indian government from stock market. We will see that why government of India give permission to stock market. We will see how many sectors available in stock market. What is rate of brokerage rate, servicetax, transaction tax etc.

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Acknowledgement

With immense pleasure, I would like to present this report on my project AI. I am thankful to all who have helped me a lot for successful completion and for providing valuable guidance throughout my project work. So I take this opportunity to thank people who have made this project a success. I heartily offer sincere thank to Miss T R SHYARA for providing their expert guidance to me. I sincerely thank to her unconditional support during whole session of my study and development. She had provided me a favorable environment. Without her support I would not have achieved my goal. This project has given me immense acknowledgement to use in my future ventures and many moments to cherish.

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INDEX
1. Introduction 2. History 3. Demate Account 4. Stock and future 5. Dividends 6. How to trade stock 7. Factor affecting 8. Mistake by trader 9. Basic stock investing rules 10. BIBLIOGRAPHY 4 6 9 12 14 16 17 23 25 28

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INTRODUCTION
In finance a share is a unit of account for various financial instruments including stocks, mutual funds, limited partnerships, and REIT's. In British English, the usage of the word share alone to refer solely to stocks is so common that it almost replaces the word stock itself. In simple Words, a share or stock is a document issued by a company, which entitles its holder to be one of the owners of the company. A share is issued by a company or can be purchased from the stock market. By owning a share you can earn a portion and selling shares you get capital gain. So, your return is the dividend plus the capital gain. However, you also run a risk of making a capital loss if you have sold the share at a price below your buying price. A company's stock price reflects what investors think about the stock, not necessarily what the company is "worth." For example, companies that are growing quickly often trade at a higher price than the company might currently be "worth." Stock prices are also affected by all forms of company and market news. Publicly traded companies are required to report quarterly on their financial status and earnings. Market forces and general investor opinions can also affect share price. Quick Facts on Stocks and Shares Owning a stock or a share means you are a partial owner of the company, and you get voting rights in certain company issues Over the long run, stocks have historically averaged about 10% annual returns However, stocks offer no guarantee of any returns and can lose value, even in the long run Investments in stocks can generate returns through dividends, even if the price In simple Words, a share or stock is a document issued by a company, which entitles its holder to be one of the owners of the company. A share is issued by a company or can be purchased from the stock market. By owning a share you can earn a portion and selling shares you get capital gain. So, your return is the dividend plus the capital gain

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STOCK MARKET

Fig=1,BSE=Bombay stock exchange

Fig=2,NSE=National stock exchange

The stock market is an avenue or place for investors who want to sell or buy stocks, shares or other things like government bonds. we take an example BSE and NSE two are stock market in India BSE in situated at Mumbai and NSE is situated at new Delhi.

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HISTORY

Fig=3 Bombay stock exchange

The BSE Sensex or Bombay Stock Exchange Sensitivity Index is a value-weighted index composed of 30 stocks that started January 1, 1986. The Sensex is regarded as the pulse of the domestic stock markets in India. It consists of the 30 largest and most actively traded stocks, representative of various sectors, on the Bombay Stock Exchange. These companies account for around fifty per cent of the market capitalization of the BSE. The base value of the sensex is 100 on April 1, 1979, and the base year of BSE-SENSEX is 1978-79. At a regular intervals, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) authorities review and modify its composition to be sure it reflects current market conditions. The index is calculated based on a free-float capitalization method; a variation of the market cap method. Instead of using a company's outstanding shares it uses its float, or shares that are readily available for trading. The free-float method, therefore, does not include restricted stocks, such as those held by promoters, government and strategic investors.. Initially, the index was calculated based on the full market capitalization method. However this was shifted to the free float method with effect from September 1, 2003. Globally, the free float market capitalization is regarded as the industry best practice. As per free float capitalization methodology, the level of index at any point of time reflects the free float market value of 30 component stocks relative to a base period. The Market Capitalization of a company is determined by multiplying the price of its stock by the
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number of shares issued by the company. This Market capitalization is multiplied by a free float factor to determine the free float market capitalization. Free float factor is also referred as adjustment factor. Free float factor represent the percentage of shares that are readily available for trading. The Calculation of Sensex involves dividing the free float market capitalization of 30 companies in the index by a number called Index divisor.The Divisor is the only link to original base period value of the Sensex. It keeps the index comparable over time and is the adjustment point for all Index adjustments arising out of corporate actions, replacement of scrips, etc. The index has increased by over ten times from June 1990 to the present. Using information from April 1979 onwards, the long-run rate of return on the BSE Sensex works out to be 18.6% per annum, which translates to roughly 9% per annum after compensating for While BSE is now synonymous with Dalal Street, it was not always so. The first venues of the earliest stock broker meetings in the 1850s were in rather natural environs under banyan trees - in front of the Town Hall, where Horniman Circle is now situated. A decade later, the brokers moved their venue to another set of foliage, this time under banyan trees at the junction of Meadows Street and what is now called Mahatma Gandhi Road. As the number of brokers increased, they had to shift from place to place, but they always overflowed to the streets. At last, in 1874, the brokers found a permanent place, and one that they could, quite literally, call their own. The new place was aptly, called Dalal Street ( Brokers' Street In 2002, the name "The Stock Exchange, Mumbai" was changed to Bombay Stock Exchange. Subsequently on August 19, 2005, the exchange turned into a corporate entity from an Association of Persons (AoP) and renamed as Bombay Stock Exchange Limited BSE, which had introduced securities trading in India, replaced its open outcry system of trading in 1995, with the totally automated trading through the BSE Online trading (BOLT) system. The BOLT network was expanded nationwide in 1997.

Prominent Position

The journey of BSE is as eventful and interesting as the history of India's securities market. In fact, as India's biggest bourse, in terms of listed companies and market capitalization, BSE has played a pioneering role in the development of the Indian securities market. It is surely BSE's pride that almost every leading corporate in India has sourced BSE's services in capital raising and is listed with BSE. Even in terms of an orderly growth, much before the actual legislations were enacted, BSE had formulated a comprehensive set of Rules and Regulations for the securities market..
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It had also laid down best practices which were adopted subsequently by 23 stock exchanges which were set up after India gained its independence.

Several Firsts
At par with the international standards, BSE has in fact been a pioneer in several areas. It has several firsts to its credit even in an intensely competitive environment. 1. First in India to introduce Equity Derivatives. 2. First in India to launch a Free Float Index 3. First in India to launch US$ version of BSE SENSEX 4. First in India to launch Exchange Enabled Internet Trading Platform 5. First in India to obtain ISO certification for a stock exchange 6. 'BSE On-Line Trading System (BOLT) has been awarded the globally recognised the Information Security Management System standard BS7799-2:2002. 7. First to have an exclusive facility for financial training 8. First in India in the financial services sector to launch its website in Hindi and Gujarati 9. First bell-ringing ceremony in the history of the Indian capital markets (listing ceremony of Bharti Televentures Ltd.on February 18,2002

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DEMAT ACCOUNT
Demat refers to a dematerialized account.

Though the company is under obligation to offer the securities in both physical and demat mode, you have the choice to receive the securities in either mode. If you wish to have securities in demat mode, you need to indicate the name of the depository and also of the depository participant with whom you have depository accountin your application just as you have to open an account with a bank if you want to save your money, make cheque payments etc, Nowadays, you need to open a demat account if you want to buy or sell stocks.

Requirement of open Demat account

1 Pan card no 2 Address proof 3 Passport photos 4 Bank account &chequebook copy 5 Parents photos 6 Last bank-entry

How to open demat Account

Opening an individual Demat account is a two-step process: You approach a DP and fill up the Demat account-opening booklet. The Web sites of the NSDL and the CDSL list the approved DPs. You will then receive an account number and a DP ID number for the account. Quote both the numbers in all future correspondence with your DPs.So it is just like a bank account where actual money is replaced by shares. You have to approach the DPs (remember, they are like bank branches), to open your demat account. Let's say your portfolio of shares looks like this: 150 of Infosys, 50 of Wipro, 200 of HLL and 100 of ACC. All these will show in your demat account. So you don't have to possess any physical certificates showing that you own these shares. They are all held electronically in your account. As you buy and sell the shares, they are adjusted in your account. Just like a bank passbook or statement, the DP will provide you with periodic statements of holdings and transactions.

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DEMAT ACCOUNT CHARGES

OPENING

COST

AND

OTHER

The cost of opening and holding a Demat account. There are four major charges usually levied on a Demat account: Account opening fee, annual maintenance fee, custodian fee and transaction fee. All the charges vary from DP to DP. Depending on the DP, there may or may not be an opening account fee. Private Banks, such as ICICI Bank, HDFC bank and UTI bank, do not have it. However, players such as Karvy Consultants and the State Bank of India charge it. But most players levy this when you re-open a Demat account, though the Stock Holding Corporation offers a lifetime account opening fee, which allows you to hold on to your Demat account over a long period. This fee is refundable.

Demat account other charge

1: Annual maintenance fee: This is also known as folio maintenance charges, and is generally levied in advance. 2: Custodian fee: This fee is charged monthly and depends on the number of securities (international securities identification numbers ISIN) held in the account. It generally ranges between Rs. 0.5 to Rs. 1 per ISIN per month. 3: Transaction fee: The transaction fee is charged for crediting/debiting securities to and from the account on a monthly basis. While some DPs, such as SBI, charge a flat fee per transaction, HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank peg the fee to he transaction value, subject to a minimum amount. 4: The fee also differs based on the kind of transaction (buying or selling). Some DPs charge only for debiting the securities while others charge for both. The DPs also charge if your instruction to buy/sell fails or is rejected.

In addition, service tax is also charged by the DPs.

All banks decide different charge of that DP.

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Stocks and Futures - What is the Difference?

In some ways they are similar, but only minutely so. So let's consider some of the major differences between the two. Most individuals have likely traded stocks at one time or another. Usually, it is to buy in order to 'own' a percentage of a particular company or to liquidate such partial ownership. They pick up a phone to call a broker or go online to purchase or sell. The order is facilitated through an 'exchange', such as the New York Stock Exchange for example. Buying and selling Futures is similar in this respect. You can call a broker or go online to buy or sell Futures contracts. The order is then facilitated througha commodity exchange, such as the Chicago Merchatile Exchange for example. Yet while buying a stock gives you part ownership in a company or portfolio of companies (as in a fund), buying a Futures contract does not give you ownership of a commodity or product. Rather, you are simply entering into a contract to purchase the underlying commodity at a certain price at a future time, noted by the contract. For example, buying one May Wheat at 3.00 simply creates a contract between you and the seller (whom you need not know as this is taken care of via the exchange) that come May you will take delivery of 5000 bushels of Wheat at $3 per bushel, regardless of what the price of Wheat at market happens to be come May. As a speculator simply trading to make a profit from trading itself and with no interest in actually taking delivery of product, you will simply sell your contract prior to delivery at the going market price and the difference between your buy price and sell price is either your profit or loss. When you buy a stock, you are part owner of a company. When you buy a Futures contract, you simply are entering a contract. With stocks, you will pay for the stock at the time of your purchase plus broker commissions. When buying a futures contract, you are simply entering the buy side of a contract and no monies is paid other than commissions to your broker. Stock exchanges and commodity exchanges are both membership organizations established to act as middlemen between the buys and sells of all types of traders, from business entities to the individual small trader. The stock exchange act to bring capital from investors to the businesses that need that capital. They facilitate the transfer of property rights (ownership in the various companies offering stock).The commodity exchange act to bring people willing to assume risk for the opportunity to make a substantial amount of money for taking such risk. This helps transfer the price risk associated with ownership of various commodities, such as Soybeans, or a service, like interest rates, from producers.

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To buy stocks, you only need enough money in your account to purchase the stock outright plus commissions. Once you make the purchase, the money is removed immediately to make the purchase. With trading futures, since you are not actually purchasing anything but simply entering a contract to do so at a later time (which you will exit prior to avoid delivery), the broker will require a certain amount of margin (good faith deposit to cover any possible losses) in what is called a 'margin account'. Each commodity has a different minimum margin requirement depending on several factors. Your broker may use the exchange calculated margin or require a different margin of their own. If the value of the commodity were to decrease and you are on the buy side of the contract, then your contract has lost value and your broker will notify you if your unrealized losses exceeds have gone beyond your minimum margin requirement. This is called a 'margin call'. Naturally you would want to have more capital than simply the margin amount when trading futures to avoid these broker calls. The broker has the right (and likely will) liquidate your position if you are getting too close to not having enough to cover the losses in order to protect themselves. With buying stocks outright, there is no potential for a margin call. You simply own the stock outright. So perhaps you may be wondering why anyone would bother buying futures contracts rather than stocks. The major answer is: LEVERAGE. Leverage gives the trader the ability to control a large amount of money (or commodity worth a lot of money) with very little money. For example, if Live Cattle futures requires a minimum margin of $800 to trade a single contract, and a single contract represents 40,000 lbs at the current market price of say 75, you would be controlling $30,000 worth for a leverage of over 35:1. This is appealing to many traders and justifies the risk. What is that risk? Just as leverage can work in your favor, it can work against you at the very same ratio. Known as a 'two-edged sword'. You can increase the leverage of trading stocks if you trade with a margin account. This usually allows you to purchase stocks on margin at the usual rate of 50%. So for every dollar you have you can purchase $2 worth of stock. The leverage is 2:1. How this works is that the broker is actually 'lending' you the other 50%. Of course by purchasing stock with margin you can lose more than you have due to the leverage. And in this case you can end up getting a 'margin call' from your broker if your stock losses too much value. But trading stocks comes no where close to the kind of leverage you get trading Futures. When you look at these two trading vehicles, the bottom line comes to MARGIN and LEVERAGE.

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DIVIDENT
Even those people who have made investments that paid dividends may still be a little confused as to exactly what dividends are, however after all, just because a person has received a dividend payment doesn't mean that they fully appreciate where the payment is coming from and what its purpose is. If you have ever found yourself wondering exactly what dividends are and why they're issued, then the information below might just be what you've been looking for.

Defining the Dividend

Dividends are payments made by companies to their stockholders in order to share a portion of the profits from a particular quarter or year. The amount that any particular stockholder receives is dependent upon how many shares of stock they own and how much the total amount being divided up among the stockholders amounts to. This means that after a particularly profitable quarter a company might set aside a lump sum to be divided up amongst all of their stockholders, though each individual share might be worth only a very small amount potentially fractions of a cent, depending upon the total number of shares issued and the total amount being divided. Individuals who own large amounts of stock receive much more from the dividends than those who own only a little, but the total pershare amount is usually the same.

When Dividends Are Paid

How often dividends are paid can vary from one company to the next, but in general they are paid whenever the company reports a profit. Since most companies are required to report their profits or losses quarterly, this means that most of them have the potential to pay dividends up to four times each year. Some companies pay dividends more often than this, however, and others may pay only once per year. The more time there is between dividend payments can indicate financial and profit problems within a company, but if the company simply chooses to pay all of their dividends at once it may also lead to higher per-share payments on those dividends.

Why Dividends Are Paid

Dividends are paid by companies as a method of sharing their profitable times with the stockholders that have faith in the company, as well as a way of luring other investors into purchasing stock in the company that is paying the dividends. The more a particular company pays in dividend payments, the more likely it is to sell additional common stock after all, if the company is well-known for high dividend payments then more people will want to get in on the action. This can actually lead to increases in stock price and additional profit for the company which can result in even more dividend payments.

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Getting the Most Out of Your Dividends

In order to get the most out of the dividends that you receive on your investments, it is generally recommended that you reinvest the dividends into the companies that pay them. While this may seem as though you're simply giving them their money back, you're receiving additional shares of the company's stock in exchange for the dividend. This will increase future dividend payments (since they're based upon how much stock that you own), and can set you up to make a lot more money than the actual dividend payment was for since increases in stock prices will affect the newly-purchased stock as well

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How to trade stock

The stock market system is an avenue of how to trade stock for listed corporations. As a corporation is formed, its initial shareholders are able to acquire shares of stock from the point of subscription when a company is created. When a company starts to be traded to the public, the primary market comes in where those who subscribe to the initial public offering (IPO) takes on the shares of stock sold from point of IPO. When those who bought into a company at IPO point of view decides to sell their shares of stock to other people, they can do so by going to the stock market. The stock market is a secondary market for securities trading wherein original or secondary holders of a companys shares of stock can sell their stocks to other individuals within the frame work of the stock market system. The stock market has buyers of stocks or those who wants to own a part of the company but wasnt able to do so during the initial public offerings made by the company to the public when it has decided to list itself as a publicly listed company. The secondary market or the stock market allows other individuals to sell shares of the company when the initial shareholders may have realized that they want to sell their shares after gaining either significant profit or realized significant loss from point of acquiring a company from its IPO price. As the stock market has developed and progressed over the years, the ways of how to trade stock from one individual to another has become more complicated and more challenging to be regulated. Technology has aided in providing more efficient ways of transactions. Front and backend solutions are put into place that helps direct the exchange of shares of stock in timely and secure manner. Public education over how the stock market works is one of the primary concerns of the investing public in order to promote the trading activities of the stock market to other individuals who may also benefit from doing transactions over this secondary type of equities market. With the abundance of relevant company information on performance of publicly listed companies, this information will help the investors to become more aware of the directions of the companies where they have share of stocks on and this will also aid them in how to trade stock and where to direct their investment strategies

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Factor affecting to stock

1 EPS 2 PRICE TO EARNING RATIO 3 PEG 4INFLACTION

EPS
Even comparing the earnings of one company to another really doesnt make any sense, if you think about it. Earnings will tell you nothing about how many shares the company has. Because you do not know how many shares a company has, you do not know how many parts that companies earnings have to be divided into. If the company has more shares, the earnings will be divided into more parts. For example, companies A and B both earn Rs.100, but company A has 10 shares outstanding, so each share holder has in effect earned Rs.10. On the other hand, if company B has 50 shares outstanding and they too have earned Rs.100 then each shareholder has earned Rs.2. So you see it is important to know what is the total number of outstanding shares are as well as the earnings. Thus it makes more sense to look at earnings per share (EPS), as a comparison tool. You calculate earnings per share by taking the net earnings and divide by the outstanding shares.

EPS=NetEarnings/OutstandingShares So looking at the EPS ratio, you should go buy Company A with an EPS of 10, right? EPS is not the only basis of comparing two companies, but it is one of the methods used. Note that there are three types of EPS numbers: Trailing EPS last years numbers and the only actual EPS Current EPS this years numbers, which are still projections Forward EPS future numbers, which are obviously projections EPS doesnt tell you whether its a good stock to buy or what the market thinks of it. For that information, we need to look at some other ratios next....

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Price to earnings ratio

Price to earnings (P/E) ratio & what it means? If there is one number that people look at than more any other number, it is the Price to Earning Ratio (P/E). The P/E is a ratio that investors throw around with confidence as if it told the complete story. Of course, it doesnt tell the whole story (if it did, we wouldnt need alltheothernumbers.) The P/E looks at the relationship between the stock price and the companys earnings. The P/E is the most popular stock analysis ratio, although it is not the only one you should consider. You calculate the P/E by taking the share price and dividing it by the companys EPS P/E=StockPrice/EPS For example: A company with a share price of Rs.40 and an EPS of 8 would have a P/E of: (40/8)=5 What does P/E tell you? Some investors read a high P/E as an overpriced stock. However, it can also indicate the market has high hopes for this stocks future and has bid up the price. Conversely, a low P/E may indicate a vote of no confidence by the market or it could mean that the market has just overlooked the stock. Many investors made their fortunes spotting these overlooked but fundamentally strong stocks before the rest of the market discovered their true worth. In conclusion, the P/E tells you what the market thinks of a stock. It tells you whether the market likes or dislikes the stock. If things are vague and unclear to you, do not worry. The next ratio will make everything you read till now make sense..

PEG
PEG (Price to future growth ratio!) and what it tells you! The market is usually more concerned about the future than the present, it is always looking for some way to figure out what is going to happen in the companies future. A ratio that will help you look at future earnings growth is called the PEG ratio. You calculate the PEG by taking the P/E and dividing it by the projected growth in earnings. PEG=(P/E)/(projected growth in earnings)

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For example, a stock with a P/E of 30 and projected earning growth next year of 15% would have a PEG of 30 / 15 = 2. What does the 2 mean? Technically speaking: The lower the PEG number, the less you pay for each unit of future earnings growth. So even a stock with a high P/E, but high projected earning growth may be a good value. So, to put it very simply, we are interested in stocks with a low PEG value. Just for the sake of understanding, consider this situation, you have a stock with a low P/E. Since the stock is has a low P/E, you start do wonder why the stock has a low P/E. Is it that the stock market does not like the stock? Or is it that the stock market has overlooked a stock that is actually fundamentally very strong and of good value? To figure this out, you look at the PEG ratio. Now, if the PEG ratio is big (or close to the P/E ratio), you can understand that this is probably because the projected growth earnings are low. This is the kind of stock that the stock market thinks is of not much value. On the other hand, if the PEG ratio is small (or very small as compared to the P/E ratio, then you know that it is a valuable stock) you know that the projected earnings must be high. You know that this is the kind of fundamentally strong stock that the market has overlooked for some reason. Important note: You must understand that the PEG ratio relies on the projected % earnings. These earnings are not always accurate and so the PEG ratio is not always accurate. Having understood these basic three ratios, you probably have started to understand how these ratios help you understand a stock and what is valuable and what is not. In the next section we shall look at some of the things that every investor must know about. Something that SILENTLY eats into the profits of each and every investor and how to beat it...

INFLATION
Inflation is an economic concept. What the cause of inflation is, is not important to us from the point of view of this article. What is important to us is the effect of inflation! The effect of inflation is the prices of everything going up over the years. A movie ticket was for a few paise in my dads time. Now it is worth Rs.50. My dads first salary for the month was Rs.400 and over he years it has now become Rs.75,000. This is what inflation is, the price of everything goes up. Because the price goes up, the salaries go up. If you really thing about it, inflation makes the worth of money reduce. What you could buy in my dads time for Rs.10, now a days you will not be able to buy for Rs.400 also. The worth of money has reduced! If this is still not clear consider this, when my father was a kid, he used to get 50paise pocket money. He used to use this money to go and watch a movie (At that time you could watch a movie for 50paise!)
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Now, just for the sake of understanding assume that my dad decided in his childhood to save 50paise thinking, that one day when he becomes big, he will go for a movie. Many years pass. The year now is 2006. My dad goes to the theater and asks for a ticket. He offers the ticket-booth-guy at the theater 50paise and asks for a ticket. The ticket booth guy says, I am sorry sir, the ticket is worth Rs.50. You will not be able to even buy a paan with the 50paise!! The moral of the story is that, the worth of the 50paise reduced dramatically. 50paise could buy a whole lot when my dad was a kid. Now, 50paise can buy nothing. This is inflation. This tells us two important things. Firstly: Do not keep your money stagnant. If you just save money by putting it your safe it will loose value over time. If you have Rs.1000 in your safe today and you keep it there for 10years or so, it will be worth a lot less after 10 years. If you can buy something for Rs.1000 today, you will probably require Rs.1500 to buy it 10 years from now. So do not keep money locked up in your safe. Always invest money. If you cant think where to invest your money, then put it in a bank. Let it grow by gaining interest. But whatever you do, do not just lock your money up in your safe and keep it stagnant. If you do this, you will be loosing money without even knowing it. The more money you keep stagnant the more money you will be loosing. Secondly: When investing, you have to make sure that the rate of return on your investment is higher than the rate of inflation.

What is the rate of inflation?

As we said earlier, the prices of everything goes up over time and this phenomenon is called inflation. The question is: By how much do the prices go up? At what rate do the prices do up? The rate at which the prices of everything go up is called the "rate of inflation". For example, if the price of something is Rs.100 this year and next year the price becomes approximately Rs.104 then the rate of inflation is 4%. If the price of something is Rs.80 then after a year with a rate of inflation of 4% the price go up to (80 x 1.04) = 83.2 So, when you make an investment, make sure that your rate of return on the investment is higher than the rate of inflation in your country. In our county India, for the year 2005-2006 the rate of inflation was 4% (Which is really low and amazing!). This rate keeps changing every year. The finance minister generally gives the official statement on the inflation rate of the country for a particular year.

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What is the rate of return?

The rate of return is how much you make on an investment. Suppose you invest Rs.100 in the market and over a year, you make Rs.120, then you rate of return is 20%. If you invest Rs.100 in the market today and you make money at a 3% "rate of return" in one year you will have Rs.103. But now, since the rate of inflation is at 4%, an item costing Rs.100 today will cost Rs.104 a year from now. So what you can buy with todays Rs.100, you will only be able to buy with Rs.104 a year from now. But the Rs.100 that you invested has grown only at a 3% rate of return and so it is worth Rs.103. In effect, you are loosing money! So in conclusion, the rate of return on your investments, have to be higher than the rate of inflation. From the above paragraphs you can note how silently, inflation eats into your money. You would not even know about it an your money would sit loosing value for no fault of yours. But inflation is not the only thing you should be considering, there are other things too that eat into you money. The first thing is brokerage and the second thing is taxation

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MISTAKE BY TREADER
MISTAKE ONE Lack of Knowledge and No Plan It amazes us that some people expect to trade the stock market successfully without any effort. Yet if they want to take up golf, for example, they will happily take some lessons or at least read a book before heading out onto the course. The stock market is not the place for the ill informed. But learning what you need is straightforward you just need someone to show you the way. The opposite extreme of this is those traders who spend their life looking for the Holy Grail of trading! Been there, done that! The truth is, there is no Holy Grail. But the good news is that you don't need it. Our trading system is highly successful, easy to learn and low risk. MISTAKE TWO Unrealistic Expectations Many novice traders expect to make a gazillion dollars by next Thursday. Or they start to write out their resignation letter before they have even placed their first trade!Now, don't get us wrong. The stock market can be a great way to replace your current income and for creating wealth but it does require time. Not a lot, but some. So don't tell your boss where to put his job, just yet! Other beginners think that trading can be 100% accurate all the time. Of course this is unrealistic. But the best thing is that with our methods you only need to get 50-60% of your trades "right" to be successful and highly profitable. MISTAKE THREE Listening to Others When traders first start out they often feel like they know nothing and that everyone else has the answers. So they listen to all the news reports and so called "experts" and get totally confused.And they take "tips" from their buddy, who got it from some cab driver We will show you how you can get to know everything you need to know and so never have to listen to anyone else, ever again!

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MISTAKE FOUR Getting in the Way By this we mean letting your ego or your emotions get in the way of doing what you know you need to do. When you first start to trade it is very difficult to control your emotions. Fear and greed can be overwhelming. Lack of discipline; lack of patience and over confidence are just some of the other problems that we all face.It is critical you understand how to control this side of trading. There is also one other key that almost no one seems to talk about. But more on this another time MISTAKE FIVE Poor Money Management It never ceases to amaze us how many traders don't understand the critical nature of money management and the related area of risk management.This is a critical aspect of trading. If you don't get this right you not only won't be successful, you won't survive! Fortunately, it is not complex to address and the simple steps we can show you will ensure that you don't "blow up" and that you get to keep your profits. MISTAKE SIX Only Trading Market in One Direction Most new traders only learn how to trade a rising market. And very few traders know really good strategies for trading in a falling market.If you don't learn to trade "both" sides of the market, you are drastically limiting the number of trades you can take. And this limits the amount of money you can make. We can show you a simple strategy that allows you to profit when stocks fall.

MISTAKE SEVEN Overtrading Most traders new to trading feel they have to be in the market all the time to make any real money. And they see trading opportunities when they're not even there (weve been there too). We can show you simple techniques that ensure you only "pull the trigger" when you should. And how trading less can actually make you more

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BASIC STOCK TRADING RULES

There are many important things you need to know to trade and invest successfully in the stock market or any other market. 12 of the most important things that I can share with you based on many years of trading experience are enumerated below. Buy low-sell high. As simple as this concept appears to be, the vast majority of investors do the exact opposite. Your ability to consistently buy low and sell high, will determine the success, or failure, of your investments. Your rate of return is determined 100% by when you enter the stock market.
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2. The stock market is always right and price is the only reality in trading. If you want to make money in any market, you need to mirror what the market is doing. If the market is going down and you are long, the market is right and you are wrong. If the stock market is going up and you are short, the market is right and you are wrong. Other things being equal, the longer you stay right with the stock market, the more money you will make. The longer you stay wrong with the stock market, the more money you will lose. 3. Every market or stock that goes up will go down and most markets or stocks that have gone down, will go up. The more extreme the move up or down, the more extreme the movement in the opposite direction once the trend changes. This is also known as "the trend always changes rule." 4. If you are looking for "reasons" that stocks or markets make large directional moves, you will probably never know for certain. Since we are dealing with perception of marketsnot necessarily reality, you are wasting your time looking for the many reasons markets move. A huge mistake most investors make is assuming that stock markets are rational or that they are capable of ascertaining why markets do anything. To make a profit trading, it is only necessary to know that markets are moving - not why they are moving. Stock market winners only care about direction and duration, while market losers are obsessed with the whys. 5. Stock markets generally move in advance of news or supportive fundamentals sometimes months in advance. If you wait to invest until it is totally clear to you why a stock or a market is moving, you have to assume that others have done the same thing and you may be too late. You need to get positioned before the largest directional trend move takes place. The market reaction to good or bad news in a bull market will be positive more often than not. The market reaction to good or bad news in a bear market will be negative more often than not.

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6. The trend is your friend. Since the trend is the basis of all profit, we need long term trends to make sizeable money. The key is to know when to get aboard a trend and stick with it for a long period of time to maximize profits. Contrary to the short term perspective of most investors today, all the big money is made by catching large market moves - not by day trading or short term stock investing. 7. You must let your profits run and cut your losses quickly if you are to have any chance of being successful. Trading discipline is not a sufficient condition to make money in the markets, but it is a necessary condition. If you do not practice highly disciplined trading, you will not make money over the long term. This is a stock trading system in itself. 8. The Efficient Market Hypothesis is fallacious and is actually a derivative of the perfect competition model of capitalism. The Efficient Market Hypothesis at root shares many of the same false premises as the perfect competition paradigm as described by a well known economist. The perfect competition model is not based on anything that exists on this earth. Consistently profitable professional traders simply have better information - and they act on it. Most nonprofessionals trade strictly on emotion, and lose much more money than they earn. The combination of superior information for some investors and the usual panic as losses mount caused by buying high and selling low for others, creates inefficient markets. 9. Traditional technical and fundamental analysis alone may not enable you to consistently make money in the markets. Successful market timing is possible but not with the tools of analysis that most people employ. If you eliminate optimization, data mining, subjectivism, and other such statistical tricks and data manipulation, most trading ideas are losers. 10. Never trust the advice and/or ideas of trading software vendors, stock trading system sellers, market commentators, financial analysts, brokers, newsletter publishers, trading authors, etc., unless they trade their own money and have traded successfully for years. Note those that have traded successfully over very long periods of time are very few in number. Keep in mind that Wall Street and other financial firms make money by selling you something - not instilling wisdom in you. You should make your own trading decisions based on a rational analysis of all the facts. 11. The worst thing an investor can do is take a large loss on their position or portfolio. Market timing can help avert this much too common experience. You can avoid making that huge mistake by avoiding buying things when they are high. It should be obvious that you should only buy when stocks are low and only sell when stocks are high. Since your starting point is critical in determining your total return, if you buy low, your long term investment results are irrefutably better than someone that bought high.
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12. The most successful investing methods should take most individuals no more than four or five hours per week and, for the majority of us, only one or two hours per week with little to no stress involved

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1 www.bseindia.com 2 www.sharemarketbasics.com

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