Outline of the Topic: Social Groups and Social Organizations I. Concepts of Social Group and Social Organizations a.

Aggregates - refers to a cluster of people who may be on close physical proximity but do not interact with one another. b. Collectivity - refers to a cluster of people interacting with one another in a passing or short-lived manner. c. Social Category - refers to a collection of people who are classified or categorized in accordance with some status characteristics like sex, race, age, religion, political affiliation, occupation or profession, income, social class and ethnicity. Characteristics of Social Group a. Group members interact on a fairly regular basis through communication. b. The members of the group develop a structure where each member assumes a specific status and adopts a particular role. c. The members of the group agree to some extent on important norms, goals, and values. d. The members of the group feel a sense of identity. Types of Social Groups a. According to Social Ties. 1. Primary Group - It is the most fundamental unit of human society. 2. Secondary Groups - It refers to the groups which the individual comes in contact later in life. b. According to Self-Identification 1. In-group - It is a social unit in which individuals feel at home and with which they identify. 2. Out-group - it is a social unit to which individuals do not belong due to differences in certain social categories and with which they do not identify. 3. Reference group or psychological group - It refers to the group to which we consciously or unconsciously refer when we try to evaluate our own life situations and behavior, but to which we do not necessarily belong. c. According to purpose 1. Special interest groups - it refers to groups which are organized to meet the special interest of the members. 2. Task Group - It refers to groups assigned to accomplish jobs which cannot be done by one person. 3. Influence or pressure groups - It refers to groups organized to support or influence social actions. d. According to geographical location and degree or quality of relationship 1. Gemeinschaft - it refers to a social system in which most relationships are personal or traditional. 2. Gesselschaft - it refers to a social system in which most relationships are impersonal, formal, contractual or bargain-like. e. According to form of organization 1. Formal groups - they are deliberately formed, and their purpose and objectives are explicitly defined. 2. Informal groups - it is unplanned; it has no explicit rules for membership, and does not have specific objectives to be attained. 3. Relationship groups - these are groups organized to fulfill the feeling of companionship. Elements of Effective Group Functioning a. Democratic or participate leadership b. Flexible patterns of communication c. Cooperative problem-solving approach d. Openly and Candidly

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

VII.

e. Sharing of responsibility via protection of the individual rights. Factors of Forces Affecting Group Dynamics a. Group size - Size is a limiting condition on the amount and quality of interaction and communication that can occur among individuals. b. Type of group goals - a group will develop structural forms or arrangement that will facilitate the attainment of its goals: inversely, it will block structural forms that will slow down the pursuit of its goals. c. Motivational base shared by individuals - people bound by mutual or shared interests, common goals, expectations, or even the pursuit of nefarious activities organized themselves and secure result through group concerted action. d. The kind of group cohesion - group cohesion refers to which the members of the group have the ability to function and interact together towards the pursuit of their goals. e. Social conformity - members of the group evolve group norms and conform to them to achieve goals. f. Group decision-making - making whatever the groups composition or the task at hand, the group typically goes through four distinct stages in arriving at its choices. g. Leadership - it is the process of influencing the activities of individuals in a group towards the attainment of group goals in a given situation. Qualities of a Leader a. Intelligent b. Dominant c. Charismatic d. Enthusiastic e. Courageous f. Determined g. With Self - Confidence h. High sense of Integrity i. Tact and Diplomacy and Involvement Styles of Leadership a. Functional Leadership - need not occupy a vantage position but he is accepted by the group because he wields influence on the thinking and behavior of the members. b. Status Leadership - occupies a position of authority such as the manager, director, principal or supervisor. c. Task-oriented Leadership - gives emphasis to the needs and goals of the organization. d. Relationship or person oriented leadership - stresses building and maintaining good personal relations between himself and his followers. e. Transactional Leadership - scores high both on tasks and relationships. f. Authoritarian Leadership - decides on the goals to be achieved and prescribes how this is to be achieved. g. Democratic Leadership - engages in cooperative planning. h. Tradition-oriented Leadership - clings tenaciously to established practices and norms and perceives change with no little apprehension and distrust. i. Development oriented Leadership - conceives change as a component of development, making sure that whatever changes are adopted shall improve the delivery system of the organization.

Group 3: Chapter 8 Members: Kenneth Mangurit Genestly Claire Masanque Ericka Jacinto Lovely Lazaro