S.R.M.

Institute of Science & Technology Deemed University School of Electronics & Communication Engineering Question Bank Subject Code : EC405 Subject Name : Satellite Communication & Broadcasting Year & Sem : IV Year B.Tech (ECE) ,7th Sem. UNIT-I PART-A 1. State Keplers I law. 2. State Keplers II law. 3. State Keplers III law. 4. Define Prograde and retrograde orbit. 5. What is geosynchronous / geostationary orbit. 6. Define polar and inclined orbit. 7. Define angle of inclination with sketch. 8. Define angle of elevation with sketch. 9. Define azimuth angle with sketch. 10. Explain what is meant by ascending and descending nodes. 11. Explain what is meant by line of apsides and lines of nodes. 12. Define argument of perigee with neat sketch. 13. Define right ascension of ascending node with diagram. 14. Define mean and true anamoly. 15. Give the expression of satellite velocity. 16. Write short notes on transfer orbit. 17. Define satellite period. 18. Discuss east and west station keeping. 19. Discuss north and south station keeping. 20. Give the expression of azimuth and elevation angle. 21. What is sun synchronous orbit. 22. List out the optimization parameters for satellite constellation. 23. List out the characteristics of polar constellation. 24. List out the characteristics of inclined constellation. 25. List out the characteristics of hybrid constellation. 26. Define regression of nodes. 27. Write notes on rotation of lines of apsides. 28. Define synodic, sidereal, and anamolistic period. 29. Define latitude and longitude with neat sketch. 30. Define SSP. PART - B 1. Write notes on station keeping. 2. Describe attitude control. 3. Describe the main effects of the earths equatorial bulge on satellite orbit. 4. a) Write notes on SSP. b) Effects of Atmospheric drag on satellite orbit. 5. Derive the expression for antenna look angles. 6. Describe satellite launching. 7. List out the characteristics, merits and demerits of LEO, MEO and GEO. 8. Write notes on satellite constellations. 9. Explain orbital pertuburation in detail. 10. a) Define orbital elements. b) Describe sun synchronous orbit . UNIT II PART - A 1. Define polarization. 2. Explain horizontal polarization. 3. Explain vertical polarization.

4. Explain linear polarization. 5. Explain orthogonal polarization. 6. Define cross polar discrimination. 7. Define polarization isolation. 8. Explain ice and snow effects. 9. What is meant by depolarization. 10. Define tilt angle. 11. Define EIRP. 12. Explain what is meant by noise factor. 13. Give the expression to determine receiver and cable noise temperature. 14. What is meant by saturation flux density? 15. Explain the need for back-off. 16. Give the expression for thermal noise power. 17. Write note on antenna misalignment losses. 18. Give the expression for FSL. 19. Define antenna noise. 20. Give the expression for G/T ratio and its use. 21. Give the expression for PHPA and PTWTA. 22. Define intermodulation noise. 23. Define thermal noise. PART-B 1. Write notes on atmospheric absorption and scintillation at troposphere and ionosphere. 2. Write notes on rain attenuation and derive the expression for the same. 3. Describe the Faraday rotation in the ionosphere and rain depolarization. 4. Explain briefly what is meant by sun transit outage and earth eclipse. 5. Derive the link power budget equation. 6. Derive the expression for overall system noise temperature. 7. Derive the expression for C/N for uplink. 8. Derive the expression for C/N for downlink. 9. Describe the effects of rain and intermodulation noise on C/N ratio. 10. a) Write notes on frequency of operation. b) Derive the expression for combined uplink/downlink C/N ratio. UNIT-III PART-A 1. What is spacecraft bus? 2. List out the spacecraft subsystems? 3. What is spacecraft payload? 4. List out the causes for variations in solar power output. 5. What are the techniques for voltage regulation? 6. Define the function of power subsystem. 7. List out the factors for thermal variation during spacecraft launching phase. 8. List out the factors for thermal variation during spacecraft operational phase. 9. Define the function of thermal subsystem. 10. Give the Stefan-Boltzman equation for heat radiation. 11. Derive the equation for spacecraft temperature. 12. List out the thermal control techniques. 13. Define the function of AOCS. 14. List out the attitude and Orbit Control Electronics. 15. List out the disturbance torques that causes driff in attitude. 16. What are the techniques for attitude control? 17. List out the various techniques for generation of correction torque / stabilization. 18. Define the function of telemetry subsystem. 19. List out few parameters measured by telemetry subsystem. 20. Give few examples of commands used for TTC. 21. List out the techniques for tracking a satellite. 22. What are the different types of transponders? 23. What is transponder?

24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.

What is transparent transponder? What is regenerative transponder? Differentiate global coverage spot beam coverage? Name the antenna system that can be used for global coverage. Name the antenna system for spot beam coverage. Name the antenna system for complex coverage area. List out the optimization parameters for coverage area. List out the subsystems of earth station. List out the parameters for selection of LNA.

PART-B 1. Describe spacecraft subsystem with diagram. 2. Explain spacecraft power subsystem. 3. Discuss the attitude, orbit and control (AOCS) subsystem of spacecraft. 4. Describe Telemetry, Tracking and command subsystem of spacecraft. 5. Explain Thermal Subsystem of spacecraft 6. Discuss stabilization subsystem of spacecraft. 7. Explain transponder subsystem with neat sketch. 8. Explain a) Antenna subsystem of spacecraft b) propulsion subsystem of spacecraft. 9. Describe transmit-receive earth station with block diagram and cassegrain antenna. 10. Discuss space qualification and derive the expression for relativity. UNIT-IV PART-A 1. Define Bandwidth 2. Discuss: Satellite Bandwidth 3. Define FDM 4. Define TDM 5. What is Multiplexer 6. What is Demultiplexer 7. Define TDMA 8. Define FDMA 9. Define CDMA 10. Application of INSAT 11. Application of INMARSAT 12. Application of INTELSAT 13. Draw the structure of TDMA frame format 14. What is meant by channelized FDMA 15. Define Guard Time 16. What is meant by frequency hopping? 17. Define MCPC 18. Define SCPC 19. Define: Circuit Switching 20. Define : Packet Switching 21. Compare Circuit switching and Packet Switching 22. Compare FDM and TDM 23. List out the various type of CDMA 24. List out the advantages of CDMA 25. Define fixed Assignment system 26. Define Demand Assignment System 27. Define DS-CDMA 28. Explain the operation of TDMA frame acquisition 29. Explain the operation of TDMA frame synchronization 30. What are the services offered by Geostationary and Non-Geostationary satellites. PART-B 1. Briefly discuss about INTELSAT. 2. Briefly discuss about INSAT.

3. Briefly discuss about INMARSAT. 4. Briefly discuss about Mobile Satellite Services 5. Briefly discuss about Weather Forecasting Services. 6. Briefly discuss about Satellite Navigation. 7. Compare Multiple Access Techniques. 8. Explain various types of multiple access techniques. 9. Explain the operation of DS-CDMA UNIT-V PART-A 1. What are the different TV standards? 2. What is the line and field frequency of PAL and NTSC? 3. What are the number of frames and the scanning lines in PAL and NTSC? 4. What is the uplink frequency for satellite TV and why the uplink should be greater? 5. Differentiate MATV and CATV. 6. Define DBS and DAB. 7. What is video-on-demand? 8. Give some examples of broadcasting satellite. 9. Give some application of INSAT and ASIASTAR. 10. Define signal bandwidth, filter bandwidth, and Channel bandwidth. 11. Explain the principle behind interlaced scanning. 12. What is the Bandwidth requirement for satellite broadcast system? PART-B 1. With neat block diagram explain the principle and operation of PAL. 2. With neat block diagram explain the principle and operation of NTSC. 3. Explain in detail about community antenna television. 4. Explain the operation of Direct to Home at the Transmitter and Receiver level. 5. With neat block diagram explain the operation of Satellite Radio Receiver System. 6. Write Short notes on Digital Audio Broadcasting. 7. Write Short notes on CD audio system. 8. Write Short notes on INSAT. 9. Write Short notes on ASIASTAR. 10. Write Short notes on Direct Broadcast System

2007 Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad B.Tech

Code No: RR410406 Set No. 1
IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS ( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics & Telematics) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ????? 1. Explain in detail about India?s participation in other International communications satellite systems. [16] 2. (a) What is transfer orbit and how is the orbit correction for the launch of satellite at latitude other than equator is obtained? [6]

(b) Explain as to how satellite is placed into geostationary orbit from earth. [10] 3. (a) What is spin stabilization? Why is it necessary? Explain various effects that is to be avoided and its remedial solution. [8] (b) What is station keeping? Explain various methods of station keeping. [8] 4. Why lens antennas are preferred for satellite communication, explain in detail. Explain the function of lens antenna. [16] 5. (a) What is the necessity of keeping front end of the satellite receiver at the earth station in a helium-coolent: what is the range of temperature of the preamplifier. [6] (b) A transponder using the global beam, a typical output back off level of 3dB with one access to that transponder so the radiated power from the transponder is 5dBW giving EIRP of 21dBW. at 40,000kM. The threshold of C/N is 11dB. Allowing a 7dB system margin. Calculate the diameter of the disk antenna assuming an antenna efficiency of 65% . Assume any data missing. [10] 6. (a) A 36 MHz satellite transponder is accessed by sequence-synchronous CDMA users with bit rate 9.6 kbps. Gold sequences with a length of m=10 are used. The link carrier-to-noise plus interference ratio is C/N = - 8 dB. Assume PSK is used as carrier modulation. Find the number of users the transponder can accommodate at Pe= 10-5 . [8] (b) Consider a fast-hop FSK-FH-CDMA satellite channel where M hops are performed per bit. The number of frequency slots in the channel is n. Find the probability of intercepting k users in one bit interval. [8] 7. (a) What is Faraday rotation? How is it avoided in Satellite communication? Explain which type of antenna is preferred to avoid it. [8] (b) How do you select the site for earth station? Explain in detail. [8] 1 of 2 Code No: RR410406 Set No. 1 8. Analyse various noises disturbing the received signal from satellite at earth station. [16] ????? 2 of 2

Code No: RR410406 Set No. 2

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS ( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics & Telematics) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ????? 1. List the various advantages and disadvantages of satellite communication. Explain the various reason for preferring satellites than optical fibers which are providing very high bandwidth. [16]

2. (a) Prove that the smallest value that the inclination angle can have is equal to the latitude of the launch site in the plane of the orbit. [8] (b) A satellite is in a circular equatorial orbit at an altitude of 10000 km from earths surface. Determine the maximum eclipse time in a day during the full eclipse period. [8] 3. (a) What is spin stabilization? Why is it necessary? Explain various effects that is to be avoided and its remedial solution. [8] (b) What is station keeping? Explain various methods of station keeping. [8] 4. Explain in detail about (6/4)GHz communication subsystem. [16] 5. (a) What is the necessity of keeping front end of the satellite receiver at the earth station in a helium-coolent: what is the range of temperature of the preamplifier. [6] (b) A transponder using the global beam, a typical output back off level of 3dB with one access to that transponder so the radiated power from the transponder is 5dBW giving EIRP of 21dBW. at 40,000kM. The threshold of C/N is 11dB. Allowing a 7dB system margin. Calculate the diameter of the disk antenna assuming an antenna efficiency of 65% . Assume any data missing. [10] 6. Explain the Frequency Division Multiple Access of Satellite System with one example. [16] 7. (a) What are various feed systems employed for large cassegrain antennas. Explain them clearly. [8] (b) What are various aspects considered in the design of large antennas? Explain in detail. [8] 8. (a) Explain how the power level of the signal is raised in satellite communication? Which device is used for power rising? And write its function. [8] (b) Explain the operation of TWT amplifier? Explain its structure required for reliable operation? [8] 1 of 2 Code No: RR410406 Set No. 2 ?????

2 of 2

Code No: RR410406 Set No. 3

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS ( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics & Telematics) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ????? 1. List the various frequency bands being used in satellite communication. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of different bands considering the effects of propagation media. [16] 2. Discuss the phenomena of eclipse as applied to geostationary satellite and solar interference experienced at an earth station. How do these factors influence the system design. [16]

3. (a) What is spin stabilization? Why is it necessary? Explain various effects that is to be avoided and its remedial solution. [8] (b) What is station keeping? Explain various methods of station keeping. [8] 4. Explain about the various effects and their remedies of external satellite environment around satellite antenna. [16] 5. (a) Derive the general link design equation for a satellite and prove that a large G/T ratio provides better C/N ratio. [10] (b) A satellite at a distance of 36,000 km from earth radiates a power of 5W from an antenna with a gain of 16dB. Find the power received by an earth station antenna with a gain of 45dB. Operating frequency is 11GHZ. [6] 6. (a) A 36 MHz satellite transponder is accessed by sequence-synchronous CDMA users with bit rate 9.6 kbps. Gold sequences with a length of m=10 are used. The link carrier-to-noise plus interference ratio is C/N = - 8 dB. Assume PSK is used as carrier modulation. Find the number of users the transponder can accommodate at Pe= 10-5 . [8] (b) Consider a fast-hop FSK-FH-CDMA satellite channel where M hops are performed per bit. The number of frequency slots in the channel is n. Find the probability of intercepting k users in one bit interval. [8] 7. (a) What is an orthomode transducer? In which part of the satellite earth station it is required. Explain clearly. [8] (b) In what way a satellite earth station is different from a microwave link? Explain clearly? [8] 8. Analyse various noises disturbing the received signal from satellite at earth station. [16] ????? 1 of 1

Code No: RR410406 Set No. 4

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2007 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS ( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics & Telematics) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ????? 1. Mention some important milestones in the development of satellite communication and describe its growth. [16] 2. Describe the salient features of Direct Broadcast Satellite system with neat sketches. [16] 3. (a) What is spin stabilization? Why is it necessary? Explain various effects that is to be avoided and its remedial solution. [8] (b) What is station keeping? Explain various methods of station keeping. [8] 4. Why lens antennas are preferred for satellite communication, explain in detail. Explain the function of lens antenna. [16] 5. (a) What is the necessity of keeping front end of the satellite receiver at the

earth station in a helium-coolent: what is the range of temperature of the preamplifier. [6] (b) A transponder using the global beam, a typical output back off level of 3dB with one access to that transponder so the radiated power from the transponder is 5dBW giving EIRP of 21dBW. at 40,000kM. The threshold of C/N is 11dB. Allowing a 7dB system margin. Calculate the diameter of the disk antenna assuming an antenna efficiency of 65% . Assume any data missing. [10] 6. Explain the Frequency Division Multiple Access of Satellite System with one example. [16] 7. (a) A 14/11 GHz antenna has a G/T ratio of 40.3dB at 11.2 GHz. The antenna gain is 64dB and the system noise temperature at 10 deg elevation angle in clear air conditions is 234k. The antenna aperture efficiency and noise temperature are detailed in the list below. During heavy rain, the slant path attenuation reaches 8dB for 0.01 percent of the year. Calculate G/T ratio for their fraction of the year and the corresponding reduction in C/N for the received signal. [10] Aperture efficiency: 71.3% Sky noise at 10deg elevation: 30k LNA noise temperature: 150k (b) Explain in detail how geostationary satellites are tracked from the earth station? 8. (a) Draw the simplified diagram of large Earth station equipment using FDM/FM/FDMA technology and explain each block in detail. [10] (b) Explain the functions of major RF components used in the above Earth station design. [6]

MAY 2011 SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

Set No. 1

1. (a) Explain the effect of Solar Eclipse on the performance of Geostationary Satellite. (b) Describe the steps involved in launching a Satellite. [8+8]

2. (a) What is the necessity of Satellite for Communication. Explain. (b) Discuss the three types of Satellite Systems. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the two van Allen radiation belts. (b) Explain two main aspects of radiation. [8+8]

4. (a) Define Bits, Symbols and channels in TDMA. (b) Explain TDMA frame structure. [3+13] 5. What are the main considerations in the design of the earth station? With the help of block diagram, discuss the operation of atypical large earth Station. How this configuration is different from that of very small aperture techniques? State reasons for this difference? [16]

6. (a) Explain the trilateration method used for position of GPS receiver. (b) What is meant by p-code in GPS satellite? [8+8]

7. (a) Mention the Main Characteristics of a parabolic reflection that make it highly suitable for use as antenna reflector. (b) Explain why some satellite employ cylindrical solar arrays where as other employ solar cell arrays for the primary power ,monitoring the typical power output from each type. [8+8] 8. (a) Explain the calculation of the noise power budget for an Intel Sat IV-A satellite link. (b) A Satellite transmits FMTV in a 36 MHz bandwidth with a 34 dBw carrier EIRP. Assuming a 40,000 Km path length and a center frequency of 3.7 GHz. Determine the C/N in dB if the antenna noise temperature is 900K. [8+8]

Set No. 2

1. Explain the function of each element of a Satellite Communication Network. [16]

2. (a) What is meant by Earth station? How it is categorized? And what is the fundamental parameter used to describe Earth station? (b) On what factors the design of Earth station depends explain? [8+8]

3. (a) What do you mean by space qualification? Explain. (b) What do you mean by reliability and redundancy? How reliability increases through redundancy? [8+8]

4. (a) Define Noise temperature. How it is used to calculate noise power and derive an equation for C/N ratio for the antenna delivering a power to the receiver with a IF gain (G) of the receiver. (b) A Satellite at a distance of 36000Km from earth radiates a power of 10W from an antenna with a gain of 20 dB. Find the power received by an earth station antenna with a gain of 45 dB operating frequency is 11GHz. [8+8]

5. Write about the satellite signal Acquisition? [16]

6. What is meant by TDMA frame acquisition and frame synchronization? What is frame delay? How does it help in carrying out TDMA frame acquisition and frame synchronization techniques? [16]

7. Explain the network issues in NGOSS. [16]

8. (a) Derive expressions for umbra and penumbra angles and show that the optimum eclipse duration is about 1 hour and 10 minutes. (b) Show that the period of revolution of a geostationary satellite is approximately 24 hours. [12+4]

Set No. 3

1. In Earth station explain: (a) Low-noise amplifier (b) High power amplifier and mention advantages and disadvantages and applications. [16]

2. Explain about the functions of DGPS. [16]

3. Name the Orbital aspects which are of importance in Synchronous Satellite Communication. Explain these aspects. [16]

4. (a) Explain the general aspects of coverage and frequency considerations of low earth orbit.

(b) Why L-band is allocated for mobile satellite service? [8+8]

5. (a) Draw a neat diagram of Telemetry, Tracking and command and explain the operation. (b) What is Transponder? How many transponders are provided in a satellite link and discuss about the frequencies used in these transponders. [8+8]

6. Explain the function of each element of a Mobile Satellite service (MSS). [16]

7. (a) Discuss the link budget of down link. (b) Design a Ku band receiving earth station to provide an overall clear air C/N of 17 dB in a 27 MHz, IF noise bandwidth at carrier frequency of 11.45GHz.The antenna noise temperature is 30K and the LNA noise temperatures is 110k .Assume a high gain LNA and ignore the noise generator in the other parts of the receiving antenna. The receiving terminal is located on the 3dB contour of the satellite foot print and clear air attenuation on the path and other losses total 0.8dB. [8+8]

8. A BPSK TDMA system is to transmit 1000 digital voice channels, each with 4 bits per sample at a 64kbps rate. The system must accommodate 1000 data bits/slot at a frame efficiency of 90%. (a) What is the number of slots in a frame? (b) What is the length of TDMA frame? (c) How many preamble bits can be used? (d) What is the required satellite bandwidth? [16]

Set No. 4

1. Discuss the future trends of Satellite Communication. [16]

2. (a) Discuss onboard processing transponder in brief. (b) Write short notes on Horn Antennas."

3. (a) A Satellite is moving in a near earth circular orbit at a distance of 640Km.

Determine its orbital period. (b) A Satellite is moving in a molniya orbit having the farthest and the closet points as 35000 Km and 500 Km respectively from the earth's surface. Determine the time period and the velocity at the apogee and perigee points. [8+8]

4. Explain the terminal characteristics and common requirements of NGOSS. [16]

5. (a) Illustrate the DS-SSCDMA with seven chip spread code sequence 1110100. (b) Show a base band correlator for discrete spread CDMA system? [12+4]

6. (a) Describe the various function to be carried out by satellite launching earth station when launching the satellite. (b) Explain the operation on deriving mechanism of Antenna employed in the earth station. [8+8]

7. (a) What is meant by wide area augmentation system WAAS? (b) What is the need of local area augmentation system using DGPS? [8+8]

8. (a) Suppose we have a 4 GHz receiver with the following gains and noise temperature Tin=30K, TRF=30K, Tm=500K, TIF=1500K, GRF=20dB, Gm=10 dB, GIF=40 dB. Calculate the system noise temperature. (b) If in the above problem, a section of loss wave guide is inserted between antenna and RF amplifier. Find the new system noise temperature. (c) By what range, the insertion of the lossy waveguide increases the overall system noise temperature measured at the CUA input. What will be the carrier to noise ratio. [6+5+5]