Dedication------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Introdution Prostitution--------------------------------------------------------- 4 Development Chapter 1-History------------------------------------------------ 5 Chapter 2-Legal and Socio - economic Status o 2.1 Legality------------------------------------------------- 5 Chapter 3- Relation to Crime---------------------------------- 6 o 3.1- Human Trafficking and Sexual------------------- 6 o 3.2- In illegal immigration------------------------------ 6 o 3.3- On the Internet-------------------------------------- 6 Chapter 4- Medical Situation---------------------------------- 7 Chapter 5- Preindustrial Societies---------------------------- 8 Chapter 6- A world Social Problem-------------------------- 8 Chapter 7- Rebirth and Reform------------------------------ 8 Chapter 8- Social Efforts--------------------------------------- 9 Chapter 9- The Prostituion and the Christianity--------- 9 Chapter 10- Politics o 10.1- Attitudes and legal issues----------------------9, 10 Conclusion----------------------------------------------------------------- 11 Acknowledgement------------------------------------------------------- 12 Biograpy of Author------------------------------------------------------ 13 Bibliography-------------------------------------------------------------- 14
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Dedication
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Introdution
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Prostitution is the act or practice of providing sexual services with another person in return for payment. Persons who execute such activity are called prostitutes. Prostitution is one of the branches of the sex industry. "To prostitute" is derived from a composition of two Latin words: (preposition) pro and (verb) statuere. A literal translation therefore would be: "to expose", "to place up front". The English word whore derives from the Old English word hra, from the IndoEuropean root k meaning "desire". Use of the word whore is widely considered pejorative, especially in its modern slang form of ho'. Correctly or not, prostitute without specifying a gender is commonly assumed to be female; compound terms such as male prostitution or male escort are therefore used to identify males. Those offering services to female customers are commonly known as gigolos; those offering services to male customers are hustlers or rent boys. Organizers of prostitution are typically known as pimps (if male) and madams (if female). More formally, they practice procuring, and are procurers, or procuresses. The word "prostitution" can also be used metaphorically to mean debasement or working towards an unworthy cause. In this sense, "prostituting oneself" or "whoring oneself" the services or acts performed are typically not sexual. The word "prostitute", or more frequently "whore", is also used as an insult towards a person (typically a woman or girl) who is perceived as being sexually promiscuous.
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Chapter 1. History
Prostitution is historically and culturally ubiquitous, with every culture adopting their own standards and attitudes. Since ancient history, concubines and courtiers often lived in the same house as the wife and often had equal status and some legal rights. A mistress usually maintains a separate residence provided by her keeper, has no legal rights, and the relationship is often kept secret. In the Ancient Near East along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers there were many shrines and temples or "houses of heaven" dedicated to various deities documented by the Ancient Greek historian Herodotus in The Histories where sacred prostitution was a common practice. According to Samuel Noah Kramer in The Sacred Marriage Rite, in late Sumerian history kings established their legitimacy by taking part in the ceremony in the temple for one night, on the tenth day of the New Year festival Akitu. It came to an end when the emperor Constantine in the fourth century AD destroyed the goddess temples and replaced them with Christianity. As early as the 18th century B.C., the ancient society of Mesopotamia recognized the need to protect women's property rights. In the Code of Hammurabi, provisions were found that addressed inheritance rights of women, including female prostitutes.
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in facilitating online prostitution, and was sued by some 40 US state attorney generals, local prosecutors, and law enforcement officials. Craigslist has since altered its policies to make it more difficult for prostitutes to advertise anonymously, but still allows the advertising of sexual services, which critics contend includes illegal prostitution.
banning prostitution completely. introducing a system of registration for prostitutes that mandates health checks and other public health measures. educating prostitutes and their clients to encourage the use of barrier contraception and greater interaction with health care.
Some think that the first two measures are counter-productive. Banning prostitution tends to drive it underground, making safe sex promotion, treatment and monitoring more difficult. Registering prostitutes makes the state complicit in prostitution and does not address the health risks of unregistered prostitutes. Both of the last two measures can be viewed as harm reduction policies. In countries and areas where safer sex precautions are either unavailable or not practiced for cultural reasons, prostitution is an active disease vector for all STDs, including HIV/AIDS, but the encouragement of safer sex practices, combined with regular testing for sexually transmitted diseases, has been very successful when applied consistently. As an example, Thailand's condom program has been largely responsible for the country's progress against the HIV epidemic. It has been estimated that successful implementation of safe sex practices in India "would drive the [HIV] epidemic to extinction" while similar measures could achieve a 50% reduction in Botswana.
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"Prostitution should be made to disappear": o prohibitionism (both prostitutes and clients are criminalized and are seen as immoral, they are considered criminals): the prevailing attitude nearly everywhere in the United States, with a few exceptions in some rural Nevada counties. o abolitionism (prostitution itself is not prohibited, but most associated activities are illegal, in an attempt to make it more difficult to engage in prostitution, prostitution is heavily discouraged and seen as a social problem): prostitution (the exchange of sexual services for money) is legal, but the surrounding activities such as public solicitation, operating
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a brothel and other forms of pimping are prohibited, the current situation in the United Kingdom, France and Canada among others; neo-abolitionism ("prostitution is a form of violence against women, it is a violation of human rights, the clients of the prostitutes exploit the prostitutes"): prostitutes are not prosecuted, but their clients and pimps are, which is the current situation in Sweden, Norway and Iceland (in Norway the law is even more strict, forbidding also having sex with a prostitute abroad).
"Prostitution should be tolerated by society": o regulation: prostitution may be considered a legitimate business; prostitution and the employment of prostitutes are legal, but regulated; the current situation in the Netherlands, Germany and parts of Nevada. The degree of regulation varies very much, for example in Netherlands prostitutes are not required to undergo mandatory health checks while in Nevada the regulations are very strict. o decriminalization: "prostitution is labor like any other. Sex industry premises should not be subject to any special regulation or laws", the current situation in New Zealand; the laws against operating a brothel, pimping and street prostitution are struck down, but prostitution is not regulated nearly at all. Proponents of this view often cite instances of government regulation under legalization that they consider intrusive, demeaning, or violent, but feel that criminalization adversely affects sex workers.
In some countries, there is controversy regarding the laws applicable to sex work. For instance, the legal stance of punishing pimping while keeping sex work legal but "underground" and risky is often denounced as hypocritical; opponents suggest either going the full abolition route and criminalize clients or making sex work a regulated business.
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Conclusion
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Acknowledgement
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Biography
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BiBliography
1. ^ "Prostitution Market Value". http://www.havocscope.com/activities/prostitution/. Retrieved May 22, 2010. 2. ^ "Adult Industry Terms and Acronyms". Forum.myredbook.com. http://forum.myredbook.com/dcforum2/DCForumID15/2.html. Retrieved 2010-05-23. 3. ^ "prostitution - Dictionary definition and pronunciation - Yahoo! Education". Education.yahoo.com. http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/prostitution. Retrieved 2010-0523. 4. ^ "whore - definition of whore by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia". Thefreedictionary.com. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/whore. Retrieved 2010-05-23. 5. ^ "Whore - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. 2007-04-25. http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/whore. Retrieved 2010-05-23. 6. ^ Jenness, Valerie (1990). "From Sex as Sin to Sex as Work: COYOTE and the Reorganization of Prostitution as a Social Problem," Social Problems, 37(3), 403-420. "[P]rostitution has existed in every society for which there are written records [...]" 7. ^ Bullough, Vern and Bullough
The sex industry consists of commercial enterprises providing sex-related services, or in a more general sense also independent sex workers. These services are described as adult entertainment, as they provide forms of entertainment not considered suitable for children.
A pimp is an agent for prostitutes who lives off their earnings
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