1

CARBURETTOR DESIGN

ABHINSHU GUPTA
2009UME480
M-3
MALAVIYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JAIPUR
abhinshu@gmail.com




ABSTRACT:
An experiment was conducted on HONDAG200 engine
A single cylinder four stroke air cooled petrol engine of 197cc
Maximum power output of 5hp at a pressure difference of 34.6 mm Hg

at different loads keeping a constant 3000 rpm with minimal variations to calculate the size of
carburettor (venturi diameter and fuel outlet orifice diameter). Calculations were done by using
both approximate and exact methods and the respective results were compared.
INTRODUCTION:
Spark-ignition engines normally use volatile liquid
fuels. Preparation of fuel-air mixture is done
outside the engine cylinder and formation of a
homogeneous mixture is normally not completed in
the inlet manifold. Fuel droplets which remain in
suspension continue to evaporate and mix with air
even during suction and compression processes.
The process of mixture preparation is extremely
important for spark-ignition engine. The purpose of
carburetion is to provide a combustible mixture of
fuel and air in the required quantity and quality for
efficient operation of the engine under all
condition.
DEFINITION OF CARBURETION:
The process of formation of a combustible fuel-air
mixture by mixing the proper amount of fuel with
air before admission to engine cylinder is called
carburetion and the device which does this job is
called a carburettor.
FACTORS AFFECTING CARBURETION:
The engine speed
The vaporization characteristics of the
fuel.
The temperature of the incoming air.
The design of the carburettor.


ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A MODERN
CARBURETTOR
[2]

2


Float chamber- The function of a float chamber in
a carburettor is to supply the fuel to the nozzle at a
constant pressure head. This is possible by
maintaining a constant level of the fuel in the float
bowl.
Fuel strainer- The strainer consists of a fine wire
mesh or other type of filtering device, cone shaped
or cylindrical shaped, function of which is to
prevent the possible blockage of the nozzle by dust
particles during the fuel flow.
Throttle- The speed and the output of an engine
are controlled by the use of the throttle valve. The
more the throttle is closed the greater is the
obstruction to the flow of the mixture in the
passage and less is the quantity of mixture
delivered to the cylinders.


Choke- It is a device that restricts the flow of air at
the entrance to the carburettor, before the venturi. It
is added to enrich the mixture during engine
starting and warm-up to ensure a combustible
mixture within each cylinder at the time of ignition.


Metering system- It is installed
a)To proportionate the fuel-air mixture
b)To decrease the pressure at the discharge nozzle
c)To limit the air flow at full throttle
Idle system- It is added to meter the fuel flow at
idle and light loads. It goes out of action when the
throttle is opened beyond about 20%
[2]
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP






Line diagram of experimental setup

1) Air inlet orifice
2) Water head measurement through orifice meter.
3) Carburettor
4) Fuel consumption measurement.
5) Gasoline engine ( G-200, HONDA 5.0 )
6) Generator and bulb setup {for brake power(b.p.) measurement}
7) Rotating disc {for rpm measurement}

1
5
6
4
3
2
7
3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:
CALCULATIONS:
1.
|
1
1 2
,
.
1562 . 0
T
p A
C m
a d a
=
Where,
71 . 1
1
2
43 . 1
1
2
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
=
p
p
p
p
|

( )
.
2 1 ,
2 gz p p A C m
f f f f d f
=

.
.
f
a
m
m
F
A
Fuel
Air
= =




Iif we put
2 1
p p p
a
= A , we get the following e quation for the air-fuel ratio

( )
u
A
A
=
gz p
p
A
A
C
C
F
A
f a
a
f
a
f f d
a d

2
,
,


2. Air-fuel ratio neglecting compressibility of air

( )
.
2 1 2 ,
.
2 p p A C m
a a d
a =


.
.
f
a
m
m
F
A
Fuel
Air
= =

( )
( ) gz p p
p p
A
A
C
C
F
A
f f
a
f f d
a d




=
2 1
2 1 2
,
,


If we assume z = 0, then



[2]
( ) gz p p T
p
A
A
C
C
F
A
f f f f d
a d

|

=
2 1 1
1 2
,
,
2
1562 . 0
f
a
f f d
a d
A
A
C
C
F
A

2
,
,
=
4

1) The size of the carburettor throat and fuel jet is
found to be 7.025mm and 0.625mm respectively
by exact method i.e. taking compressibility of the
air into account and using energy equation.

2) Using approximate method the respective sizes
are calculated to be 8.25mm and 0.515mm i.e.
when compressibility of the air is neglected and
using Bernoullis equation.
3) Through these two approaches, a deviation of 14.8%
in the value of throat diameter and a deviation of
21.35% in the value of the fuel jet diameter is obtained
due to the change in approaches of calculation.
4) Carburettor cant supply uniform air-fuel mixture to
all the cylinders in a multi-cylinder engine due to
condensation of fuel in intake manifold wall.

CONCLUSIONS:
1) Richer mixture should be supplied at idling by
using idling system.
2) An acceleration pump should be provided to
enrich the mixture when accelerating for smooth
running and maximum power.So their won
3) During clod starting conditions choke valve
should be provided to supply a rich mixture.
4) The problem of mixture enrichment at high
altitudes, due to change in density of air, can be
compensated by Mixture-Control System which
controls the richness of mixture to a reasonable
extent.









REFERENCES:
1) CARBURETTOR, article from Wikipedia
encyclopedia.
2) Ganeshan, V., Text book of I.C ENGINES.