Date:28-07-2011
Theory: Filters depending are broadly classified into two types, the characteristics and nature of
upon
impulse response taken into the considerations is of infinite duration, the filters are termed as Infinite Impulse Response filters or IIR Filters. On the other hand, filter Filters if is FIR the impulse duration Depending is finite, Response the then or the FIR of each called the Finite Impulse
filters.
upon
methods
calculating
impulse
response
coefficients,
kind of IIR filter is divided into two main types Butterworth filters Chebyshev filters The convolution sum, which relates the input and output signals is represented as Y (n) = h (k) + x (n-k) 0 k
From the above equation it is clear that for IIR filters the impulse response is of infinite duration. In practice, it is not feasible to compute the output of the IIR filter using the above equation because the length of its impulse response is too long. Instead, the IIR filter equation is expressed in a recursive form as Y (n) = bk1*x (n-k1) - ak2y (n-k2) Where, 0 k1 n1 & 0 k1 M Algorithm: Step1: Enter the pass band and stop band frequencies and attenuations and also the nyquist rate. Step2: Find the normalized frequencies of pass band and stop band frequencies. Step3: Find the order and cut-off frequency of Butterworth filter. Step4: filters. Program: % IIR LOW PASS FILER DESIGN WP = input (pass band corner frequency); WS = input (stop band corner frequency); Plot the magnitude and phase response for IIR
RP = input (pass band ripple); RS = input (stop band ripple); W=input (enter nyquist frequency); Wp=Wp. /W; Ws=Ws. /W; [n,Wn]=buttord (Wp, Ws, Rp, Rs); [z,p]=butter (n, Wn); Freqz (z, p, 512, 1000); title (mag & phase response); % IIR HIGH PASS FILTER DESIGN WP = input (pass band corner frequency); WS = input (stop band corner frequency); RP = input (pass band ripple); RS = input (stop band ripple); W=input (enter nyquist frequency); Wp=Wp./W; Ws=Ws./W; [n,Wn]=buttord (WP, Ws, Rp, Rs); [z,p]=butter (n, Wn,high); Freqz (z, p, 512, 1000); Title (mag & phase response); % IIR BAND PASS FILTER DESIGN WP = input (pass band corner frequency); WS = input (stop band corner frequency); RP = input (pass band ripple); RS = input (stop band ripple); W=input (enter nyquist frequency); WP=WP./W;
WS=WS./W; [n,Wn]=buttord (Wp, Ws, Rp, Rs); [z,p]=butter (n, Wn); Freqz (z, p, 512, 1000); title (mag & phase response); GRAPHS:
-2 0 0
-4 0 0
5 0
10 0
10 5
20 0 20 5 F q e c (H ) re u n y z
30 0
30 5
40 0
40 5
50 0
0 Phase (degrees)
-2 0 0
-4 0 0
-6 0 0
5 0
10 0
10 5
20 0 20 5 F q e c (H ) re u n y z
30 0
30 5
40 0
40 5
50 0
n=16 Butterworth Bandpass Filter 200 Magnitude (dB) 0 -200 -400 -600
50
100
150
350
400
450
500
0 Phase (degrees)
-1000
-2000
-3000
50
100
150
350
400
450
500
RESULT: Hence the IIR Butterworth filter is designed and cut-off frequencies are noted using MATLAB.