What is a decade counter?

The 4017 has 10 separate outputs which go HIGH in sequence, as shown

below:

Just one of the individual outputs is HIGH at a time. This is quite different from the behaviour of a BCD counter like the 4510 in which it is the combination of 0's and 1's which represents the count.As you can see, the 10 output is HIGH for counts 0-4 and LOW for counts 5-9. The 4017 is an extremely useful device for project work and is used in the Games Timer and in various DOCTRONICS construction kits including the Light Chaser and the Matrix Die. When you are familiar with the 4017, you will be able to think of lots of useful applications.Internally, the 4017 contains five bistable subunits. These are interconnected in a pattern known as a Johnson counter. The outputs of the bistables are decoded to give the ten individual outputs.

. Basic operation

You should assemble the prototype board in stages, checking that each stage is working properly before proceeding the to the next stage. To see the 4017 in action,you need to build an astable. The easiest way to do this is using a 4093 Schmitt trigger NAND gate integrated circuit. Start by building the astable section on your prototype board:

Next add the 4017. The pulse output from the astable is connected to the CLOCK input. For normal operation, the RESET and ENABLE inputs must be connected to 0 V.Don't forget - Connect pin 16 of the 4017 to +9 V and pin 8 to 0 V.Connect a single LED with a 680 series resistor to output 0 of the 4017:

Continue, adding new resistor/LED stages for outputs 1 and 2. Don't disconnect the power supply. It helps to see that the new connections make the LEDs illuminate in the correct

sequence:

Connect a second prototype board and keep on adding new LEDs until all 10 outputs are used:

This version of the 4017 gives you a free-running light chaser. This can be useful but you will usually want to control the 4017, as outlined in the next section.

RESET and ENABLE inputs

Modify your circuit so that the RESET and ENABLE inputs are each connected to 0 V through a 10 k pull down resistor. Initially, the behaviour of the circuit will be unchanged. Add 'flying leads' as indicated below:

What happens when you connect the RESET input temporarily to +9 V? This returns the counter to 0 and the LED for output 0 is illuminated. Although pulses are still arriving at the CLOCK input, counting has stopped.Try connecting the RESET input instead to output 5, pin 1, of the 4017. Counting will start again but not all of the outputs are active. The LEDs for outputs 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 light up as before. You won't see anything happen at output 5 because the instant that this output goes HIGH, the counter is reset and counting starts again from 0. In this way, you can shorten the count for any particular application. Disconnect the RESET flying lead so that the 4017 is free-running once more. What happens when you connect the free end of the ENABLE lead to +9 V? Counting stops but this time the last LED illuminated stays lit. The count stops wherever it happens to be when ENABLE goes HIGH.Try connecting ENABLE to output 7, pin 6, of the 4017. Counting may start briefly but stops as soon as the count reaches 7. Now try touching the RESET lead briefly to +9 V. The 4017 resets to 0 and then counts up, stopping again when it reaches 7. This is the effect required for a count down timer such as an egg timer, or the Games Timer, described in detail in Design Electronics.

Sequencing
You can use the 4017 to control a sequence of events, for example, to generate a traffic light sequence: sequence step red amber green

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

This pattern shows the lights green or red for a suitably long time, with amber and red+amber illuminated for shorter periods.

The counter operates as a normal counter until it reaches a count of 10102, or 1010. At that time, both inputs to the NAND gate are HIGH, and the output goes LOW. This LOW applied to the CLR input of the FFs causes them to reset to 0. Remember from the discussion of J-K FFs that CLR and PS or PR override any existing condition of the FF. Once the FFs are reset, the count may begin again. The following table shows the binary count and the inputs and outputs of the NAND gate for each count of the decade counter: Changing the inputs to the NAND gate can cause the
maximum count to be changed. For instance, if FF4 and FF3 were wired to the NAND gate, the counter would count to 11002 (1210), and then reset