Unit 7: Part ................b phn Window .............ca s Door ............ca chnh Fit ............lp, gn vo Surface ..............b mt Trip ...........

m t ng Break .......................v Frame ................khung Vibrate .................rung Pressure ....p sut/lc Thin ....................mng Metal ...............kim loi Contact ...........tip xc Set ....................c nh Test ............th nghim Trigger ............k trm Force ............b (kho) Exit ..............li/ca ra Energy.......................... Stairs .....cu thanh gc Relay ....................r le Fall .........................ri Divide ..........phn chia Rapid .................nhanh Similar ...........tng t Cause ..............gy nn Adjust ..........iu chnh Across .........ngang qua Bias ..............dao ng

ALARM SYSTEMS Mount ....................lp/dn vo Moving .....................hot ng Glass .................thu tinh, knh Respond ...............phn ng li Shock ..................s chn ng Necessary ...................can thit Ultrasonic ............sng siu m Microware ...............sng vi ba Range ................tm hot ng Mat .................thm chi chn Step ..............................bc i Plate ......................kl mng/dt Set off .......................khi ng Alarm ......................s.bo ng Replace ........................thay th Passive ...................bi/th ng Feature .......................t im Entry .....................li/cng vo Continue .......................tip tc Heat ...........................hi nng Single .................................n Operate ....................hot ng Powerful ..........................mnh sensitivity ................... nhanh de-energise .............ngt ngun operate ....................hnh ng remove ............................di i prevent .....................ngn chn Generate .......................pht ra

Detect ..................d tm, pht ra, b.v Device .................thit b, d.c, m.mc Sensor .................u d, b cm bin Bottom ........................phn di cng Regularly ......u ng, thng xuyn Motion .....................s.chuyn/di ng Rut-off ......................pht ra ting ku Reset ...........t li trng thi ban u Power-cut ............s.mt in, cp in Tamper ................ph ri, quy nhiu Dependent ..........................ph thuc Simplest ........................n gin nht Cut-off ............ngng, gii hn ngt Saturation ......trng thi dn bo ho Intruder Disconnect ............................. Potential ...........divide cu ophn th Variable resistor ............bin tr xoay Automatically ..........................t ng Thermistor ............................nhit tr Battery ..........................c quy, b pin Incorporate ...........................phi hp Buzzer ......................ci, chung in Potential ................................in th collector current ......d.in qua cc C connected inreverse ......mc >< nhau Increase=rise ......................s.tng ln destroy ...................................ph hu Stethoscope ..........................ng nghe EMF electromotive force ...sc .ng

Detection devices cc thit b bo v Magnetic switches: These are used on windows and doors. A magnet mounted on the moving part of the window or door trips a switch mounted on the frame when the window or door is opened. Thit b chuyn mch t: thit b ny c s dng trn cc ca s v ca ra vo. Mt nam chm c gn trn mt phn chuyn ng ca ca s hoc ca ra vo s tc ng vo cng tc c gn trn khung ca khi ca s hoc ca ra vo b m ra. Break detectors: These are fitted on the inside surface of glass in windows and doors. Some use a thin metal foil which is glued around the edge of the glass: if the glass is broken the foil breaks too. Others are vibration sensors, and respond to the shock of the glass being broken. Thit b pht hin s v: thit b ny c gn khp bn trong b mt ca tm thy tinh trong cc ca s v ca ra vo. Mt s s dng mt l kim loi mng c dn xung quanh cc cnh ca knh: nu tm knh v b ph v th l kim loi cng b t. S khc l cc cm bin rung ng, chng cm nhn c ting knh v. Pressure mats: These are fitted under the carpet-at the bottom of the stairs, for example. The pressure of someone stepping on them causes two thin metal plates inside to come in contact, setting off the alarm. Because theyre constantly being walked on, pressure mats can get tired quite quickly and should be regularly tested and replaced if necessary. Thm cm nhn p lc: Chng c gn pha di tm thm, v d nh di chn cu thang. p lc ca mt ai dm vo chng lm cho hai tm kim loi mng bn trong tip xc nhau, bt h thng bo ng. Bi v chng lin tc b dm ln, thm p lc c th b 'ln' kh nhanh chng v cn c thng xuyn kim tra v thay th nu cn thit. Motion sensors: These may use passive infra-red, ultrasonic or microwave energy to detect movement within their range. Cm bin chuyn ng: c th s dng tia hng ngoi, nng lng siu m hoc vi sng c gn c nh pht hin chuyn ng trong phm vi ca chng. Task 1: How could the system shown in Task 2 be improved? Note your ideas. Now read this text to check which of your ideas are described. We can make the simple alarm circuit more effective by including some of these features. Chng ta c th lm cho cc mch bo ng n hiu qu hn bng cch bao gm mt s cc tnh nng sau.

Entry and exit delays! These mean you wont set off the alarm when leaving or returning to the house. On the better systems, the delays are adjustable. An audible warning during the delay period is a useful reminder. Tr hon nhp xut! c ngha l bn s khng lm chung bo ng reo ln khi ri khi hoc tr v nh. Trn cc h thng tt hn, s tr hon c th iu chnh. Mt cnh bo m thanh sut trong thi gian tr hon l mt li nhc nh hu ch. Automatic cut-off! This will stop the alarm after it has sounded for a set time, so that the noise doesnt go on for hours if youre not there to reset the system. In better systems, the alarm automatically resets at the end of the alarm time. T ng tt! tnh nng ny s tt bo ng sau khi vang ln trong mt thi gian nh trc, nhng ting n khng tip tc hng gi nu bn khng c thit lp li h thng. Trong cc h thng tt hn, h thng bo ng s t ng thit lp li vo cui thi gian bo ng. Tamper protection. The control panel incorporates sensors which will trigger the alarm if a burglar tries to force the box open. Chng p ph! Bng iu khin tch hp cmbin m n s kch hot bong nu tntrm c cy m hp /khin. Battery backup! This means the alarm will continue to work in a power cut, or if an intruder disconnects the main supply. Pin d phng! Tnh nng ny l h thng bo ng s tip tc lm vic trong khi ct in, hoc nu mt k xm nhp ngt kt ni ngun cung cp chnh. Technical reading Alarm systems The three stages of a simple alarm system are shown in Fig. 1 Ba khi ca mt h thng bo ng n gin c th hin trong hnh 1 The first stage is a sensing device that changes its resistance when it detects a particular form of energy. For example, a microphone may be used to detect sound, a thermistor to detect heat, or an LDR (light dependent resistor) to detect light. Khi u tin l mt thit b cm bin m in tr ca n s thay i khi n pht hin mt dng nng lng c th no . V d, mt microphone c th c s dng pht hin m thanh, mt nhit tr dng pht hin nhit, hoc mt LDR (quang tr) pht hin nh sng. The second stage is an electronic switch. In its simplest form, this could be a single transistor. The transistor switches between cut-off and saturation as the input resistance changes. Khi th hai l cng tc in t. Trong hnh thc n gin nht, n c th l mt transistor duy nht. transistor chuyn gia trng thi tt v trng thi bo ha khi tr khng u vo thay i. The third stage is an output transducer which is switched off and on by the electronic switch. The output transducer could be a buzzer, a light or o relay which operates a more powerful circuit. Khi th ba l m n s c bt v tt bi cng tt in t. B chuyn i ng ra c th l chung in, n hoc relay vn hnh mt mch cng sut ln hn. An example of a simple alarm circuit is shown Fig. 2Mt v d v mch bo ng n gin c hin th hnh. 2 The LDR forms a potential divider with the variable resistor RV1. When light falls on the LDR, its resistance decreases. This cause the base voltage of the transistor and the bias current to increase. The transistor switches on and there is a rapid rise in the collector current until the transistor switches on and there is a rapid rise in the collector current until the transistor goes into saturation. The increased current causes the replay to operate and switch on the output circuit. The sensitivity of the input can be adjusted using RV1. Quang tr LDR v bin tr RV1 to thnh cu phn p. Khi nh sng chiu vo LDR, in tr ca n gim xung. iu ny lm cho in p cc nn ca transistor v dng phn cc tng ln. Transistor dn v dng cc thu tng nhanh cho n khi transistor t n trng thi bo ha. S tng dng lm cho relay vn hnh v m mch u ra. nhy ca u vo c th c iu chnh bng bin tr RV1. In a similar way, the relay is de-energized when the light source is removed from the LDR. A large back EMF (electromotive: sc in ng), which would destroy the transistor, could be generated across the relay. To prevent this, a diode is connected in reverse bias across the relay. Tng t, relay s b ngt khi ngun sng khng chiu vo LDR na. Mt sc in ng EMF ln c th c to ra bi relay s ph hy transistor. ngn chn iu ny, mt diode c mc phn cc ngc qua relay. Task 10 Explanations The diagram shows a reed switch. It consists of two reeds made of ferromagnetic material. They are easily magnetized and demagnetized. The reeds are sealed in a glass envelope to protect them. The envelope contains notrogen, which helps to prevent corrosion of the contacts. When a magnet is brought close to the reeds, they are magnetized, attract each other, and close. When the magnet is removed, the reeds open. S sau miu t mt cng tt li g. N bao gm hai li g lm bng vt liu st t. N d b t ha v b lm mt t tnh. Cc li g c bt kn trong mt v thy tinh bo v chng. Lp v cha kh ni-t, gip ngn nga s n mn ca cc lp tip xc. Khi mt nam chm c a gn li li g, chng b t ha, ht nhau, v ng mch. Khi nam chm c ly ra, cc li g m ra.