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Improving Capability and
Reducing the Cost of Ownership
SimTecT 2010 is held under the auspices of the
Simulation Industry Association of Australia (SIAA) Ltd
ABN 13 087 862 619
simulation
users
simulation
developers
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BRISBANE CONVENTION & EXHIBITION CENTRE, BRISBANE AUSTRALIA
www.simtect.com
Conference Program and Handbook
CAE AUSTRALIA
PRINCIPAL SPONSOR
CAE PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
CONFERENCE DINNER SPONSOR
MAJOR SPONSOR
NAME BADGE /
LANYARD SPONSOR
LUNCH SPONSOR
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> HANDBOOK CONTENTS
SECTION 1
Welcome 3
Committees 3
Keynote Speakers 45
Sponsors 67
Courses 8
Special Presentations 9
Site Visits 9
Trade Exhibitors 1011
Trade Exhibition Floor Plan 12
Venue Floorplan 13
Social Program 14
General Information 1415
PROGRAM
Monday 17
Tuesday 1820
Wednesday 2123
Thursday 2425
SECTION 2
Abstract Contents 2731
Abstracts 3256
Professional Conference Organisers
Consec Conference Management
PO Box 3127
BMDC ACT 2617
Telephone: +61 2 6251 0675
Facsimile: +61 2 6251 0672
Email: simtect2010@consec.com.au
Conference Manager: Barry Neame, PCO-DIR
Conference Coordinator: Margie Wallace, Dip Events Mgt
simulation
developers
simulation
users
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This year the Conference is taking a slightly dierent
direction to focus on areas where simulation users
and simulation suppliers must work together more
eectively to create sustainable simulation solutions for
long-term projects.
Specially selected keynote addresses will take us into
the future looking at population, technology and
environment in 2030 and how to prepare our simulation
capability for a more sophisticated audience. We will
also look back and reect on past learning, delving into
the specic challenges we are currently facing around
skills shortage, platform interoperability and reducing
cost of ownership.
Special presentations have been designed to explore
these concepts in relation to key Defence projects
AIR5428, AIR9000 Phase 7, JP3028, JP2048, SB JP3028,
LAND 400, JDSC and Land Helicopter Dock. A parallel
session focusing on automation will be highly benecial
for our resource and construction industry delegates.
Our popular technical program of pre-conference
courses, technical and applications papers, symposia,
and site visits remains a key feature of the conference.
The courses earn currency unit credits towards the
SIAAs Professional Certication Award, and we
encourage organisations to include the Conference
program as part of their stas continuing professional
education process.
The SimTecT 2010 Conference and Exhibition builds
on the success of the previous fourteen SimTecTs to
provide an opportunity for the simulation community
to discover the latest research and product advances,
and to discuss applications with developers and users.
Deanna Hutchinson
Conference Convenor
>
WELCOME MESSAGE
FROM THE CONVENOR
>
ORGANISING COMMITTEE
Ms Deanna Hutchinson
Chair and Heavy Industry Area Lead
Mining Industry Skills Centre
Inc
Dr Elyssebeth Leigh
Papers Coordinator and Education
Area Lead
Futuresearch, Sydney
Mr Fred Hardtke
Courses Coordinator
Raytheon Australia
Mr Peter Hill SIAA
Mr Nick Howden
Emergency Management Area Lead
CAE Professional Services
Mr Daniel Munro
Defence Area Lead
Booz & Company (Aust)
Dr Michael McGarity CAE Australia
Mr Roger Mulligan
Program Coordinator
Defence Materiel Organisation
Mr Barry Neame
Conference Manager
Consec Conference
Management
Ms Margie Wallace
Conference Coordinator
Consec Conference
Management
>
PAPER REVIEW COMMITTEE
Dr Elyssebeth Leigh
Papers Coordinator
Consultant, Futuresearch
Dr Michael McGarity
Paper Review Coordinator
Manager, Decision Support Services, CAE
Professional Services
Mr Jawahar Bhalla Manager, Systems Engineering, CAE Australia
Dr Jonathan Binns Researcher - MT&E, Australian Maritime
College
Dr Anthony Cramp Defence Scientist, Defence Science and
Technology Organisation
Mr Peter Hill Consultant, Simcon Services
Mr Nick Howden Programme Manager, CAE Professional
Services
Dr Heath James Modelling and Simulation Discipline
Lead, Defence Science and Technology
Organisation
Dr Terry Martin Senior Systems Engineer, Kobold
Professor N K Mehta Professor, Mechanical & Industrial
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee
Professor Saeid Nahavandi Director Centre for Intelligent Systems
Research, Deakin University
Dr John Olsen Associate Professor School of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering, University of
New South Wales
Dr Peter Ryan Principal Research Scientist Defence Science
and Technology Organisation
Mr Philip Swadling Chief Engineer Simulation, Thales Australia
Dr Andreas Tolk Associate Professor, Old Dominion University
Dr Susannah Whitney Cognitive Scientist, Defence Science and
Technology Organisation
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Mr Ross McAree
Professor of Mechanical Engineering
University of Queensland and Vice President for Automation at
CRC Mining, QLD
Professor McAree has been working in the eld of mining
technology and equipment with CRC Mining for the last 10
years with a focus on the development of operator assist tools
for electric mining shovels.
Prior to joining the University of Queensland he was an
academic in the Department of Engineering Science at the
University of Oxford.
Mr Dennis Thompson
COL (ret) Dennis Thompson
Colonel US Marine Corps (Retired)
Director, Marine Air Ground Task Force
(MAGTF) Training Simulations Division,
Marine Corps Training and Education
Command, Quantico, Virginia, USA
Mr Thompson served nearly 30 years
of active duty in the US Marine Corps
in a wide range of Joint and Marine Corps billets, retiring as
a colonel in 2005. Operational tours include service with
infantry, artillery, combat service support, reconnaissance,
special operations capable, and communications units, as well
as serving on two Marine Expeditionary Force stas. Strategic
and operational level sta experience was gained through duty
with Headquarters Marine Corps, the Joint Sta, and US Central
Command. Training and education related tours include
serving as the Marine Ocer Instructor at the Georgia Institute
of Technology and commanding two formal Marine Corps
schools. He attended numerous Joint and Service professional
military education schools as a student. He commanded at
every rank and was designated a Joint Service Ocer.
Upon retiring from active service, Mr Thompson became a
research fellow with the Potomac Institute for Policy Studies, a
think tank focused on policy options regarding governmental
use of science and technology. Assigned to the Marine
Corps Warghting Laboratorys Center for Emerging Threats
and Opportunities, he conducted research regarding the
capabilities implications of future Marine Corps operations
in Africa, hybrid warfare, actionable intelligence at the small
unit level and company grade ocer training and professional
military education. Following advancement to senior research
fellow in 2006, Mr Thompson supported Oce of Naval
Research and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
initiatives related to expeditionary operations, distributed
operations and irregular warfare.
Mr Thompson became the Director, MAGTF Training
Simulations Division in September 2008. His responsibilities
include integration of ground and aviation simulations and
simulators to support small unit, MAGTF, and combine arms
training and resource sponsorship for ground virtual and
constructive simulation training systems.
MAJGEN Steve Day
Joint Capability Coordinator in VCDF
Department of Defence
Major General Day was born into a military family in Sydney
in 1960, attending a number of schools within Australia and
overseas. His father and both grandfathers also served with
the Australian Army.
After graduation from the Ocer Cadet School at Portsea,
he was commissioned into the Corps of Royal Australian
Engineers in 1982. He has served in a variety of engineer (or
sapper) units, including as the Commanding Ocer of the
3rd Combat Engineer Regiment. His operational service has
included deployments to Namibia, East Timor and as the
Director of Strategic Operations with the Multi-National Force
in Iraq. For his service in East Timor with the International
Forces, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.
Major General Day has been an instructor at the Royal Military
College, Duntroon; has been a Sta Ocer to the Chief of
Defence Force and has attended Defence Colleges in Australia
and Malaysia. He has qualications from New South Wales,
Canberra, Deakin and Malaya Universities.
He is a passionate cricket and rugby supporter and the current
Patron of Army Cricket. Major General Day and his wife have
three adult children, one of whom is now also serving in the
Army.
Following an appointment as the Director General Plans
at Joint Operational Command, he was appointed as the
Commander of South Queenslands Own the 7th Brigade
in December 2007. Major General Day was promoted and
appointed as Head of Joint Capability and Coordination in
February 2010.
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KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS
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KEYNOTE ADDRESS
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Mr Heath Shonhan
Director Business Advisory Bentleys
Heath is a Director with the Business Advisory division of
Bentleys Brisbane a leading mid-tier practice in Queensland.
Prior to joining Bentleys, Heath commenced his career with
a Big 4 rm and has national and international experience
across a broad spectrum of business and nancial advisory
areas.
Heaths background in business and management consulting,
middle market and institutional advisory and corporate
nance is underpinned by his specialist experience in
industries including health and aged care, family owned
businesses, mining and resources, technology, agribusiness,
pharmaceutical, property and construction and manufacturing.
He has worked closely with businesses at all levels from start
up ventures to multi-generational enterprises. He looks after
clients both locally and internationally and has been the key
advisor to many large organisations including ABN AMRO,
GlaxoSmithKline and Horizon Housing Ltd.
Heath has presented at numerous industry forums and is
regularly called upon by the media for insight and commentary
regarding nancial and business matters.
Brigadier Barry Neil McManus
Director General Capability and Plans, Department of Defence
Barry McManus was born and raised in Brisbane. He joined the
Army in 1980 and graduated from the Royal Military College,
Duntroon into the Royal Australian Corps of Transport in 1983.
His junior career involved a range of regimental appointments
within the 1st Division Transport Regiment.
He has held Corps, Logistic and all Corps training appointments
including Senior Instructor Logistics at the Army Logistic
Training Centre, Directing Sta at the Army Command and Sta
College, Queenscli and in 2008 Commandant of the Australian
Command and Sta College.
His operational appointments have included service as a
military observer with the United Nations Truce Supervision
Organisation based in Israel and with the United Nations
Protection Force in the Former Yugoslavia. For his service
in Yugoslavia he was awarded a United Nations Force
Commanders Commendation. As the Commanding Ocer
of the 9th Force Support Battalion he saw further operational
service in support of the International Force East Timor and
subsequently the United Nations Transition Authority East
Timor in 2000. On return from East Timor he commanded
the Tri-Service Force Support Battalion providing transport,
personnel, military policing and logistics support to the Sydney
2000 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Brigadier McManus
has also held the operational appointment of Commanding
General of the Joint Headquarters Transition Team, Multi
National Security Transition Command Iraq, where he led
coalition ocers advising and mentoring the Iraqi Joint
Headquarters and Ministry of Defence. He was awarded the US
Legion of Merit Ocer, for his eorts in this appointment.
Currently he is the Director General Capability and Plans in
Capability Development Group where his responsibilities
include future Capability Planning, Capability Options Testing,
Network Centric Warfare, Interoperability and Ballistic Missile
Defence.
As a 1983 graduate of the University of New South Wales he was
awarded a Bachelor of Arts in Military Studies. He completed a
Master of Defence Studies through the University of Canberra
in 1999. Brigadier McManus is a graduate of the British Army
Command and Sta College, Camberley and the Australian
College for Defence and Strategic Studies.
>
KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS
6
MAJOR SPONSOR
SA Government
South Australia is becoming known as a place where
intelligence, creativity and innovative ideas are contributing to
a knowledge-based future. Great minds in South Australia are
designing knowledge-intensive systems and products gaining
attention and winning awards around the world.
In South Australia, the Department of Trade and Economic
Development (DTED) identies and pursues business and
investment opportunities for the States diverse industries
and companies. DTED is focused on promoting the rapidly
expanding ICT and creative industries sector, which comprises
more than 1,100 companies and includes simulation
specialists solving the problems of defence, mining, health and
transport clients around the world.
DINNER SPONSOR
CAE Professional Services
CAE Professional Services is a global services organisation
committed to helping customers optimise the use of
user-centred, simulation-based analysis, design and
experimentation to support the entire capability life-
cycle - from initial research, concept development and
implementation, to maintenance, upgrades and disposal.
Our team specialises in providing solutions to the Defence,
Emergency Management, Mining and Healthcare markets.
PRINCIPAL SPONSOR
CAE Australia
CAE is a world leader in providing simulation and modeling
technologies and integrated training solutions for the civil aviation
industry and defence forces around the globe. With annual revenues
exceeding C$1.4 billion, CAE employs approximately 7,000 people
at more than 75 sites and training locations in 20 countries. We have
the largest installed base of civil and military full-ight simulators
and training devices. Through our global network of 27 civil aviation
and military training centres, we train more than 75,000 crew
members yearly. We also oer modelling and simulation software to
various market segments and, through CAE s professional services
division, we assist customers with a wide range of simulation based
needs.
CAE is a major provider of advanced simulation equipment for
military markets, having supplied military training simulators to
defence forces of more than 30 nations, with the broadest airlift
and rotary wing simulation expertise of any simulation and training
company. CAE is also the worlds leading provider of civil ight
simulators with more than 65% of the global competed market. The
company designed and built the worlds rst FAA Level D full ight
simulator, the highest level of certication a ight simulator can
achieve. In Australia, CAE has delivered an A380 simulator to Qantas
and a Boeing 777-300 simulator for V-Australia which operates in CAE
s rst Australian Training Centre in Sydney. CAE is also contracted
to deliver several other simulators to Qantas, Ansett Training Centre
and Air New Zealand in the future, including Boeing 787 simulators
for the Qantas and Air New Zealand training centres, and a B777-
300ER for Air New Zealand.
CAE has been delivering successful programs in the ight simulation
and service markets to the Australian military and civil aviation
industry since 1994. The company continues to expand its oering to
include the full suite of CAE capabilities around the world, leveraging
our capabilities and experiences in other nations and continually
growing a stronger domestic capability within the CAE Australia
organisation. In addition to the successful delivery and ongoing
support of C-130H and C-130J simulators at RAA F Richmond, the
Black Hawk at AAvnTC Oakey, and a number of CAE Simnity Virtual
Maintenance Trainers, CAE Australias simulator instructors also
deliver training and training support to our Airlift and Black Hawk
customers.
In the military sector, CAE is contracted to supply the RAA F with an
A330 MRTT full-ight and mission simulator and related services to
be located in a new facility at RAA F Amberley. More recently, CAE
has been awarded the prime contract to deliver MR H 90 helicopter
turnkey training systems to the Australian Defence Forces, including
two Full Flight & Mission Simulators in purpose-built facilities at both
Oakey and Townsville.
CAE s Melbourne-based Professional Services group specialises in
modelling, simulation, and decision support products and services,
building on CAE s strong simulation heritage and oering support
for capability development, analysis and experimentation. The CAE
Professional Services group works across Program Management,
Modelling & Simulation and Emergency Management and
Human Factors to provide defence with an Integrated Capability
Engineering function.
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THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS
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LUNCH SPONSOR
BAE Systems Australia
BAE Systems is Australias largest defence company and oers
the Australian Defence Force (ADF), and security customers,
total capability across the aerospace, land, maritime and joint
domains.
We are a leading provider of communications, electronic
warfare systems, military air support, air defence, mission
support systems, land combat systems, maintenance, garrison
support and intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance
solutions.
We combine key skills in engineering and systems integration
and employ more than 6,000 people who support customers at
100 locations around Australia.
BAE Systems Australia delivers simulation solutions across a
broad range of programs for all defence services, often working
with specialist simulation technology providers, including
SMEs.
>
THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS
NAME BADGE / LANYARD SPONSOR
Cubic Defense Applications
Cubic Defence Australia Pty Ltd, a subsidiary of Cubic
Corporation (AMEX:CUB), provides live combat training systems
and integration services for the Australian Defence Force. It is
a segment of Cubic Defense Applications, based in San Diego,
Calif.
A global leader in instrumented air and land-based training
systems, Cubic supports single service, joint, combined and
multinational missions. Cubics readiness systems support
any mission from section level to formation HQ training in
integrated Live, Virtual and Constructive (LVC) environments.
Cubic has delivered the majority of Combat Training Centers
(CTCs) and air combat training systems throughout the
world. The company is also a major provider of engagement
simulation systems and virtual small arms training systems.
In Australia, Cubic provides operation and support services
for two live training programs: the Land 134 Combat Training
Centre - Live Instrumentation System (CTC-LIS) at Townsville;
and the Australian Air Combat Manoeuvring Instrumentation
(ACMI) system for F/A-18s at RAAF Base Williamtown, New
South Wales.
The CTC-LIS a fully relocatable range instrumentation
system has been deployed to other military and urban areas,
giving hundreds of Australian military personnel a chance
to experience the benets of training with its eye-safe laser
and radio engagement systems with realistic audio and visual
eects.
The CTC-LIS can track up to 480 exercise participants by GPS,
display their location in near real time on electronic maps,
and capture training events to enable replay, analysis and
objective performance feedback. It is highly interoperable
with other live, virtual and constructive simulation systems,
including the RAAFs Air Combat Manoeuvring Instrumentation
System (ACMI) for F/A-18s. It can also be congured to provide
battleeld eects in complex urban environments.
In addition to supporting the live training systems in Australia,
Cubic has provided key integration services for the Joint
Combined Training Capability (JCTC) program a major U.S.-
Australia initiative to enhance joint and bilateral training. The
JCTC concept was demonstrated during Exercise Talisman
Sabre, which involved approximately 17,000 Australian and U.S.
armed forces.
Cubic used its expertise in complex systems integration and
common architectures including the Test and Training
Enabling Architecture (TENA) to link U.S. and Australian forces
in an integrated LVC environment. The TENA architecture
enabled U.S.-based live training systems to interoperate
with Australian training systems during TS07. Live aircraft
participated, providing close air support in a high threat,
ground-based air defence environment.
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>
PRE-CONFERENCE COURSES MONDAY 31 MAY 2010
C1 SIAA INTRODUCTION TO SIMULATION IN
AUSTRALIA
Course Presentation - Half Day
Presenters: Phil Wallace
Shane Garrett
Peter Ryan
Time: 08301200
Room: Plaza Level P1
C2 SIMULATION SUPPORT TO OPERATIONS
Course Presentation Half Day
Presenters: Dr Michael McGarity
Craig Phasey
Dave Cooper
Time: 08301200
Room: Plaza Level P2
C3 USING SIMULATION IN A TRAINING
ENVIRONMENT
Course Presentation Half Day
Presenters: Dr Elyssebeth Leigh
Jo Thyer
Amanda Davies
Time: 08301200
Room: Plaza Level P3
C4 THE SUPPORT OF TRAINING SYSTEMS
ISSUES
Course Presentation Half Day
Presenters: Roger Mulligan
Jawahar Bhalla
John Whelan
Time: 13001630
Room: Plaza Level P3
C5 HUMAN FACTORS AN INTRODUCTION
Course Presentation Half Day
Presenter: Dr Matthew Thomas
Time: 08301200
Room: Plaza Level P5
C6 TRAINING NEEDS ANALYSIS FOR
SIMULATION SYSTEMS
Interactive Course Half Day
Presenters: Phil Wallace
Dr Gerald Sterling
Jon Blacklock
Ed Choice
Time: 13001630
Room: Plaza Level P1
C7 TEACHING AND ASSESSING SOFT
SKILLS IN SIMULATION ENVIRONMENTS
Interactive Course Half Day
Presenters: Dr Elyssebeth Leigh
Werner Naef
Peter Homann
Amanda Davies
Time: 13001630
Room: Plaza Level P2
C8 ENVIRONMENTAL-MODELLING
INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SIMULATION
APPLICATIONS
Course Presentation Half Day
Presenters: Jawahar Bhalla
Jennifer Palmer
John Wharington
Don Perugini
Time: 08301200
Room: Plaza Level P4
C9 SIMULATION PREDICTING,
MEASURING AND PRESENTING THE RETURN
ON INVESTMENT
Course Presentation Half Day
Presenters: Deanna Hutchinson
Kellie Lister
Deb Jones
Time: 13001630
Room: Plaza Level P4
C10 GETTING TRAINING RIGHT THE FIRST
TIME MAKING TRAINING PREPARATION
AND PLANNING COUNT
Course Presentation Half Day
Presenters: Greg Martin
Dr Michael McGarity
Richard Brougham
Bill Dahl
Michael Hall
Luke Paterson
Time: 13001630
Room: Plaza Level P5
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15,000+ NETWORKS, 5 MILLION+ USERS;
A MODELLING, SIMULATION, DESIGN AND TEST
CHALLENGE
Date: Tuesday 1 June
Time: 11301200
Room: Great Hall Q2
Presenters: John Illgen
Rich Vitamvas
RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE WHITE
PAPER LAUNCH
Date: Tuesday 1 June
Time: 14301530
Room: Great Hall-Q2
Presenters: Resource and Infrastructure Special Interest Group
(SIG)
ADSO PANEL DISCUSSION
INDUSTRY CHALLENGE IN DEFENCE
Date: Wednesday 2 June
Time: 10301100
Room: Great Hall Q2
Presenters: MAJ GEN Steve Day
Dr Mike Brennan
BRIG Barry McManus
HOW CAN SIMULATION HELP PEOPLE
CAPABILITY CASE STUDY EMPLOYMENT
PATHWAYS PROGRAM
Date: Wednesday 2 June
Time: 13301430
Room: Plaza Level P1
Presenters: Jason Morgan
The resources industry continues to be challenged nding sucient
experienced operators to employ and with high turnover. Simulation
is one of the central tenets being adopted to ensure consistent
quality of training and assessment outcomes in a new partnered
approach between RTOs, Industry, labour hire organisations and
government. This session explores the key challenges and proposed
solutions being trialled.
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM
Date: Thursday 3 June 2010
Time: 10301230
Room: Great Hall Q2
Presenters: Nick Howden
Building on the SimTecT 2009 symposium, this further develops the
key issues, concepts, technologies and challenges associated with
the use of simulation within Emergency Management and National
Security.
The theme of Command, Control and Communications (C
3
) will explore
the high-level issues of inter-agency collaboration and coordination,
as well as detailed elements such as exercise management.
A facilitated discussion between a panel of stakeholders and
delegates, referring to a number of case studies, will allow issues
to be explored in depth, and actions dened, to progress the
development of this sector.
>
SPECIAL PRESENTATIONS
This year the SimTecT 2010 Conference Organising
Committee has arranged ve (5) interesting site visits.
Delegates will be transported from the Brisbane
Convention & Exhibition Centre to and from each
venue. After the site visits, the coach will go to the
airport before returning to the Brisbane Convention &
Exhibition Centre.
Date: Thursday, 3 June 2010
Time: 13001630
Meeting Place: SimTecT 2010 Registration Desk at
1250
Transport: Coach
All site visits are subject to a minimum number of ten
(10) persons.
SITE VISIT 1
SV1 Aviation Australia
Duration of Visit: 1.5 hours
Approximate arrival to the airport will be at 1630.
SITE VISIT 2
SV2 Boeing Training & Flight Services
Duration of Visit: 1.5 hours
Approximate arrival to the airport will be at 1630.
SITE VISIT 3
SV3 Queensland Rail
Duration of Visit: 1.5 hours
Approximate arrival to the airport will be at 1630.
SITE VISIT 4
SV4 Queensland Health Skills
Development Centre
Duration of Visit: 1.5 hours
Approximate arrival to the airport will be at 1630.
SITE VISIT 5
SV5 Army Enogerra (WTSS, ASLAV
CPT)
Duration of Visit: 1.5 hours
Approximate arrival to the airport will be at 1630.
>
SITE VISITS
10
The trade exhibition will be located in the Great Hall of the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre.
It will feature local and overseas companies, professional associations, media and end-user organisations.
Exhibition Hours
Monday 31 May 2010 08001900
Tuesday 1 June 2010 08001700
Wednesday 2 June 2010 08001700
Thursday 3 June 2010 08001500
>
TRADE EXHIBITION
BOOTH 1 AND 2
Australia Defence Simulation Oce
Lori Catelli
Russell Oces (R1-03-B029)
CANBERRA ACT 2600
P: +61 6265 7108
E: lori.catelli@defence.gov.au
W: www.defence.gov.au/capability/ADSO
BOOTH 5 AND 6
Calytrix Technologies Pty Ltd
Shawn Parr
Level 2, 110 William Street
PERTH WA 6000
P: +61 8 9325 50
E: sales@clytrix.com
W: www.calytrix.com
Boehemia Interactive Australia Pty Ltd
Peter Morrison
138 Magnus Street
NELSONS BAY NSW 2316
P: +61 2 8412 8128
E: sales@bisimulations.com
W: www.bisimulations.com
BOOTH 7
Forum8
Anita Byrnes
3/83 Birriga Road
BELLEVUE HILL NSW 2023
P: +61 2 9130 1448
E: anita@forum8.co.jp
W: www.forum8.com
BOOTH 8
Mining Industry Skills Centre
Lisa Cooksey
164 Wharf Street
SPRING HILL QLD 4004
P: +61 7 3872 8500
E: info@miskillscentre.com.au
W: www.miskillscentre.com.au
BOOTH 11
Cubic Defence Australia
Mark Horn
3/16 Casey Street
AITKENVALE QLD 4814
P: +61 7 4775 1881
E: mark.horn@cubic.com
W: www.cubic-australia.com.au
BOOTH 12
TMN Simulation (Flexsim)
Kenny MacLeod
PO Box 417
ST KILDA VIC 3182
P: +61 421 952 540
E: Kenny@tmn.com.au
W: www.tmnsimulation.com.au
BOOTH 13
Kellogg Brown and Root
Davie Shiner
Level 4, 11 Lancaster Place
MAJURA PARK ACT 2609
P: +61 409 027 173
E: dave.shiner@kbr.com
W: www.kbr.com
BOOTH 14
ALELO Inc
Michelle Flowers
12910 Culver Boulevard, Suite J
LOS ANGELES, CA 90066 USA
P: +1 310 574 7500
E: info@alelo.com
W: www.alelo.com
BOOTH 15
Australian Defence Business Review
Trevor J Thomas
PO Box 250
MAWSON ACT 2607
P: +61 2 6260 5944
E: newsroom@busicom.com.au
W: www.adbr.com.au
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EXHIBITION BOOTH LISTING
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BOOTH 18
EtoM Technologies
Roy Park
16a Coronet Grove
BEAUMARIS VIC 3193
P: +61 409 463 108
E: rwpark@e2mtechnologies.eu
W: www.e2msimulation.eu
BOOTH 19
Government of South Australia
Hamish Park
The Conservatory 131139 Grenfell Street
ADELAIDE SA 5000
P: +61 8 8226 2943
E: Hamish.park@sa.gov.au
BOOTH 20
Government of South Australia
Hamish Park
The Conservatory 131 139 Grenfell Street
ADELAIDE SA 5000
P: +61 8 8226 2943
E: Hamish.park@sa.gov.au
BOOTH 21
Geoimage Pty Ltd
Greg Madden
13/180 Moggill Road
TARINGA QLD 4068
P: +61 7 3871 0088
E: greg@geoimage.com.au
W: www.geoimage.com.au
BOOTH 22
Australian Defence Magazine
David Jones
1st Floor, 182 Bay Terrace
WYNNUM QLD 4178
P: +61 412 188 100
E: davidjones@yaa.com.au
W: www.australiandefence.com.au
BOOTH 23, 24 AND 25
Dept of Employment, Economic Development
& Innovation (DEEDI)
Mark Fludder
Level 8, Education House, 20 Mary Street
BRISBANE QLD 4000
P: +61 7 3405 5111
E: ict.industry@deedi.qld.gov.au
W: www.ict.industry.qld.gov.au
BOOTH 27, 28, 29 AND 30
CAE Australia Pty Ltd
Michelle Byrne
139 Coronation Drive
MILTON QLD 4064
P: +61 7 3243 0600
E: michelleb@cae.com.au
W: www.cae.com
BOOTH 32
FlightSafety International
Richard Lofton
2700 N Hemlock Circle
BROKEN ARROW OK 74012 USA
P: +1 918 259 4000
E: Richard.lofton@ightsafety.com
W: www.ightsafety.com
BOOTH 34
Hastings Deering Institute of Technology
Chris Nolan
98 Kerry Road
ACHRERFIELD QLD 4108
P: +61 7 3365 9388
E: chris.nolan@hastingsdeering.com.au
W: www.hastingsdeering.com.au
BOOTH 41
AUSPACE Pty Ltd
Craig Phasey
1 Geelong Street
FYSHWICK ACT 2609
P: +61 434 915 201
E: admin@auspace.com.au
W: www.auspace.com.au
BOOTH 45, 46, 47 AND 48
Thales
Doreen Christie-Jamieson
Level 2, Building 314
GARDEN ISLAND NSW 2011
P: +61 2 9562 2819
E: doreen.christie-jamieson@thalesgroup.com.au
W: www.thalesgroup.com.au
BOOTH 51 AND 52
Virtual Reality Solutions
Richard McMullen
Unit 16110, 20 Depot Street
BANYO QLD 4014
P: +61 7 3844 9514
E: Richard.mcmullen@vrs.com.au
W: www.vrs.com.au
> BOOTH LISTING CONTINUED
12
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TRADE EXHIBITION FLOORPLAN
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VENUE FLOORPLAN
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Welcome to Brisbane
Brisbane is Australias fastest growing city and is rated the worlds
sixth best business destination by The Economist magazine.
The seat of government and commerce in the state of Queensland,
Brisbane has a population of 1.8 million and is the gateway to
Australias most popular tourist region.
Brisbane is serviced by world-class domestic and international
airports located just 20 minutes from the city centre. Brisbane
International Airport operates 24/7 and has direct international
ights each week.
Conference Venue
The Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre is a world-class
venue over three levels, purpose-built to provide superb exibility
and versatility under one roof. The Centre oers a comprehensive
range of fully integrated in-house services delivered by a team
of experienced professionals whose commitment to excellence
extends across all needs.
It is located in the resort-style riverside precinct at South Bank,
in the heart of cosmopolitan Brisbane. The impressive riverside
location also oers a vast array of unique creative, cultural,
entertainment and leisure activities.
Ocially ranked among the top three convention centres
worldwide, this is a world-leading venue. Since opening in 1995,
through the Centres commitment to excellence, it has received 98
industry awards - making it the most awarded convention centre in
Australia.
Banks and ATMs
The Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre provides an
automatic teller machine located on the Concourse between Great
Hall and Exhibition Hall 1. This machine accepts all cards with the
exception of Bank of Queensland. Other ATMs are available at
South Bank.
General banking hours are Monday to Thursday 9.30am to 4.00pm
and Fridays until 5.00pm.
Business Centre
Business Centre facilities are available from the Information Desk
located in the Main Foyer.
Car Parking
1,600 undercover parking spaces are available at the Brisbane
Convention Centre, accessed by Merivales Street and Grey Street,
open 24 hours, 7 days a week at a maximum daily rate of $21.00 per
day, per vehicle.
Professional Conference Organisers
Consec Conference Management
PO Box 3127
BMDC ACT 2617 Australia
Conference Manager: Barry Neame, PCO-DIR
Conference Coordinator: Margie Wallace, Dip Events Mgt
Telephone: +61 2 6251 0675
Facsimile: +61 2 6251 0672
WELCOME RECEPTION
Date: Monday 31 May 2010
Time: 17301900
Location: SimTecT 2010 Trade Exhibition Area
Great Hall, Brisbane Convention &
Exhibition Centre
OPTIONAL SOCIAL EVENING
Date: Tuesday 1 June 2010
Time: 19302230
Location: Bretts Wharf Restaurant, Brisbane River
449 Kingsford Smith Drive
Hamilton, Brisbane
Transport: City Cat (not included in cost)
CONFERENCE DINNER
Sponsored by CAE Professional Services
Date: Wednesday 2 June 2010
Time: 19002330
Location: Plaza Terrace Room
>
SOCIAL PROGRAM
15
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GENERAL INFORMATION CONTINUED
Climate
As Australias largest sub-tropical city Brisbane has more sunny
days than Florida and warmer winter days than the Bahamas.
Brisbanes average temperatures range from a minimum of 12
degrees to a maximum of 22 degrees.
Conference Program and Changes
Please check the message board in the registration area each
morning for notication of any changes to the program. The
chair of each session will also notify delegates of changes to the
program.
Disclaimer
The SimTecT 2010 Conference Program and Handbook is correct
at the time of printing. However, the organisers reserve the
right to change the program where necessary.
Messages
Messages can be collected and left at the Registration Desk. All
messages will be posted on the message board adjacent to the
desk. Please check the board on passing.
Mobile Telephone Policy
Mobile phones are not to be used while sessions are in
progress. Please ensure they are turned o during these times.
Name Badges
Your name badge is your entry into the conference sessions
(excluding exhibitors who are not fully registered), morning/
afternoon teas, lunches and the Welcome Reception. Please
ensure that you wear your name badge at all times and if
misplaced, please see the sta at the registration desk as soon
as possible for a replacement.
No Smoking Policy
Smoking is not permitted anywhere within the Centre building.
It is the policy of the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition
Centre in accordance with the Queensland State Government
Legislation.
In addition, smoking is not permitted within four metres of
any building entry or door and is not permitted at any external
catering area.
Personal Insurance
Delegates shall be regarded in every aspect as carrying their
own risk for loss or injury to person or property, including
baggage during the Conference. The policy taken should
include the loss of deposit through cancellation, medical
insurance, loss or damage to personal property, nancial loss
incurred through disruptions to accommodation or travel
arrangements due to strikes or other industrial action. The
organisers are in no way responsible for any claims concerning
insurance.
Privacy Clause
In registering for this conference, relevant details were
incorporated into a delegate list for the benet of all delegates
(name, organisation and state only), and will be made available
to parties directly related to the conference including Consec
Conference Management, SIAA, the Conference Organising
Committee, venues and accommodation providers (for the
purposes of room bookings and conference options), key
sponsors (subject to strict conditions) and parties associated
with related conferences.
By completing the registration form, you have acknowledged
that the details (name, organisation and state) supplied by you
may be used for the purposes previously described above.
Public Telephones
Public telephones are located in the Main Foyer, Mezzanine
and Plaza Level Foyers and on the Concourse outside each
Exhibition Hall.
Registration Desk
The conference registration desk will be situated in the foyer
outside the Trade Exhibition, Great Hall, Brisbane Convention &
Exhibition Centre and staed as follows:
Monday 31 May 2010 07301900
Tuesday 1 June 2010 07301700
Wednesday 2 June 2010 07301700
Thursday 3 June 2010 08001500
Pre-Conference Courses Registration
Monday 31 May 2010 07301700
Conference Registration
Monday 16001700
Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday 07301000
Special Needs
We endeavour to ensure delegates with special needs are
catered for. Should you require particular assistance, please see
the sta at the Registration Desk.
Transport to/from the Airport
Brisbanes Airport is located just 20mins from Brisbanes Central
Business District and the Convention Centre venue for the
Conference. It will cost you approximately $40.00 in a taxi to/
from transfer from the airport.
Useful Telephone Numbers
Brisbane Convention and Exhibition Centre +61 7 3308 3000
Rydges South Bank +61 7 3364 0800
The Mercure Hotel +61 7 3237 2463
Hotel Ibis Brisbane +61 7 3237 2333
Mantra South Bank +61 7 3305 2500
Qantas 13 13 13
Virgin Blue 13 67 89
Black & White Cabs 131 008
Yellow Cabs 13 1924
Website
The SimTecT 2010 Conference website is www.simtect.com
Wireless Internet
A complimentary wireless internet is provided please respect
the shared bandwidth.
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SIMTECT 2010 PROGRAM
MONDAY MAY 31 2010
COURSES
From 0730 REGISTRATION
Registration Desk
08301200 Plaza Level P1
COURSE C1
SIAA Introduction to Simulation in Australia
AM Phil Wallace
Shane Garett
Peter Ryan
08301200 Plaza Level P2
COURSE C2
Simulation Support to Operations
AM Dr Michael McGarity
Craig Phasey
Dave Cooper
08301200 Plaza Level P3
COURSE C3
Using Simulation in a Training Environment
AM Dr Elyssebeth Leigh
Jo Thyer
Amanda Davies
08301200 Plaza Level P4
COURSE C8
Environmental-Modelling Infrastructure for Simulation Applications
AM Jawahar Bhalla
Jennifer Palmer
John Wharington
Don Perugini
08301200 Plaza Level P5
COURSE C5
Human Factors An Introduction
AM Dr Matthew Thomas
10001030 MORNING TEA
Trade & Exhibition Hall
12001300 LUNCH
Trade & Exhibition Hall
14301500 AFTERNOON TEA
Trade & Exhibition Hall
13001630 Plaza Level P1
COURSE C6
Training Needs Analysis for Simulation Systems
PM Phil Wallace
Dr Gerald Sterling
Jon Blacklock
Ed Choice
13001630 Plaza Level P2
COURSE C7
Teaching and Assessing Soft Skills in Simulation Environments
PM Dr Elyssebeth Leigh
Werner Naef
Peter Homann
Amanda Davies
13001630 Plaza Level P3
COURSE C4
The Support of Training Systems Issues
PM Roger Mulligan
John Whelan
Jawahar Bhalla
13001630 Plaza Level P4
COURSE C9
Simulation Predicting, Measuring and Presenting the Return on Investment
PM Deanna Hutchinson
Kellie Lister
Deb Jones
13001630 Plaza Level P5
COURSE C10
Getting Training Right the First Time Making Training Preparation and
Planning Count
PM Greg Martin
Dr Michael McGarity
Richard Brougham
Bill Dahl
Michael Hall
Luke Paterson
17301900 WELCOME RECEPTION
Trade & Exhibition Hall
Disclaimer: The conference program and registration information is correct at the time of printing.
However, the organisers reserve the right to change the information where necessary without notice.
18
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NOTES
27
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TUESDAY 1 JUNE 2010
PLENARY SESSION
08300845
Welcome Address 32
Mr Adrian, Smith, SIAA Deputy Chair
PLENARY SESSION
08450930
Keynote Address The Need for Change 32
MAJGEN Steve Day, Joint Capability Coordinator in VCDF
Department of Defense
PLENARY SESSION
09301000
Keynote Address The People Challenges 32
Mr Ross McAree, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University
of QLD and Vice President for Automation at CRC Mining
PLENARY SESSION
10301130
Keynote Address The Systems Challenges 32
COL (ret) Dennis Thompson, Director Marine Air Ground Task
Force (MAGTF) Training Simulations Division, Marine Corps
Training and Education Command
STREAM 1 DEFENCE
11301230
SPECIAL PRESENTATION
15,000+ Networks, 5 Million+ Users: A Modelling,
Simulation, Design and Test Challenge 32
John Illgen and Rich Vitamvas
Presentation 63
Simulation Studies of Naval Warships using the Ship Air
Defence Model (SADM) 33
Sharada Boinepalli and Garry Brown
STREAM 2 DEFENCE
11301230
Presentation 75
Realistic Virtual Actors for Training in Counterterrorism 33
Rick Evertsz, Matteo Pedrotti and William Glover
Presentation 44
Serious Games Need Serious Performance Measures:
A Case Study 33
Susannah Whitney, Philip Temby and Ashley Stephens
STREAM 3 DEFENCE
11301230
Presentation 5
Mimicking Human Problem-Solving With Agents:
Exploring Model Calibration 34
Anthony Dekker
Presentation 48
Link-16 Interoperability for the RAAF ADGESIM
and AWSIM Simulators 34
Lucien Zalcman, Jon Blacklock and Peter Ross
STREAM 4 DEFENCE
11301200
Presentation 66
CE/CBD A Key Element of a Common Simulation
Environment 34
Eddie De Souza
STREAM 4 EDUCATION
12001230
Presentation 77
User Research for Games and Simulations 34
Andrew Stapleton and Elyssebeth Leigh
PLENARY SESSION
13301430
Keynote Address What is the Cost of Ownership?
And How to Finance it. 35
Mr Heath Shonhan, Director Business Advisory Bentleys
STREAM 1 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE
14301530
Resources and Infrastructure White Paper Launch 35
Resources and Infrastructure Special Interest Group
> ABSTRACTS CONTENTS
page no.
28
STREAM 2 DEFENCE
14301530
Presentation 89
Sun Tzu, Serious Games and the Art of War 35
John Welsh
Presentation 24
The Super Seasprite Simulator Visual
An Unwise Choice? 35
Roger Mulligan
STREAM 3 DEFENCE
14301530
Presentation 49
A Tool for Optimising Satellite Based Maritime
Surveillance 36
David Clark, David Lingard and Adam Davies
Presentation 58
Use of M&S to Support Acquisition of Major
Naval Systems 36
John Bos, Jeremy Graham and Jason Mitchell
STREAM 4 DEFENCE
14301530
Presentation 2
Agent-Based Simulation for Counter-Led: A Simulation
Science Survey 36
Anthony Dekker
Presentation 7
Using Open Source to Build Comprehensive
Battlespace Simulations 36
Raphael Cuisinier, Michael Brunel and Stephanie Prudhomme
STREAM 1 DEFENCE
16001730
Presentation 46
Designing the System Right A Progressive VV&A
Framework for Simulation Based Systems with Particular
Focus on Design Verication 37
Jawahar Bhalla
Presentation 60
Application of M&S VV&A in the Anzac Ship
ASMD Upgrade Project 37
Mark Williamson, David Munro-Ford, Jeremy Graham, John Bos
and Jason Mitchell
Presentation 47
Improving Data Management: Giving Sta Belief
in Change 38
David Hughes and Mike Pearson
STREAM 2 DEFENCE
16001730
Presentation 80
Economics of Speed in Military Applications 38
Christian Host and Derek Empson
Presentation 45
Reducing the Pain of Terrain The Gems Project 38
Thomas Stanzione and Kevin Johnson
Presentation 57
Unexpected Alliances: A Health Simulation Centre
and Two Defence Forces 38
Phillipa Neads, Marcus Watson and Derek Wright
STREAM 3 DEFENCE
16001730
Presentation 62
Sea Warrior: Simulated Exercises for the
Anzac Ship ASMD Upgrade 39
Andrew Knight, Heath James and Peter Freeman
Presentation 26
Database Management System for Performance Based
System Assessment of Military Multi-Mission Platforms 39
Andrew Pozzetti, Cees Bil and Graham Clarke
Presentation 56
Strategic and Tactical Airlift Modelling 40
Dushy Tissainayagam
STREAM 4 DEFENCE
16001730
Presentation 55
Real-time Threat Volume Generation for an Airborne
Target using GPU-Based Parallel Processing 40
Anthony Nixon
Presentation 91
SORD over WAN: Adding Simulation Richness to
Distributed Exercises 40
Rodney Figaroa and Lowell Baker
WEDNESDAY 2 JUNE 2010
PLENARY SESSION
09001000
Keynote Address Factors that Shape Capability 41
BRIG Barry McManus, Director General Capability and Plans
Department of Defence
STREAM 1 ADSO
10301230
PANEL DISCUSSION
ADSO Industry Challenge to Defence 41
MAJGEN Steve Day, Joint Capability Coordinator in VCDF
Dr Mike Brennan, Director General Simulation
BRIG Barry McManus, Director General Capability and Plans
Representative, United States Marine Corps
ADSO Presentation
The State of Play 41
Dr Mike Brennan, ADSO Director General Simulation
29
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STREAM 2 DEFENCE
10301100
Presentation 92
Usage of Enterprise Level Modelling and Simulation
for Architectural Concept Investigations: A Case
Study in Future Undersea Platforms 41
Frederick Hardtke
STREAM 2 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE
11001130
Presentation 87
Mine Modelling and Visualisation A Case Study 41
Nick Howden, David Bellm, Mark Grebler and Julian Andreou
STREAM 2 DEFENCE
11301230
Presentation 25
Collimated Visual Display Replacing the BP Screen
with Shaped LCDs 42
Roger Mulligan
Presentation 82
High Fidelity Radar Simulation on a Kiwi Sized Budget 42
Stephen Witherden
STREAM 3 DEFENCE
10301230
Presentation 14
Ocean Environment Modelling Interpreting a
Large Data Structure in Real Time 42
Ryan Harrison
Presentation 64
Open Sourse Analyzer for SISO-J Tactical Data Link
Simulation 42
William Robertson, Peter Ross and Andrew Robbie
Presentation 79
An Empirical Examination of Feedback: User
Control and Performance in a Hapto-Audio-Visual
Training Environment 42
Dawei Jia, Asim Bhatti and Saeid Nahavandi
Presentation 70
Enhancing Synthetic Environments.
A Constructive / Virtual Use Case 43
Bruce Robbins
STREAM 4 DEFENCE
10301100
Presentation 8
Time to Stop Playing Games Seriously 43
Matt Moncrie, Shawn Parr and Steve Salmon
STREAM 4 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
11001130
Presentation 39
Using Simulation to Assess Response to Interoperability
Failures During a Crisis 44
Martin Stytz and Shelia Banks
STREAM 4 EDUCATION
11301200
Presentation 23
A Wireless Sensor Network for System Identication
of Sailboat Dinghies 44
Graham Bennett, Chris Manzie, Denny Oetomo, Jonathan Binns
and Norman Saunders
STREAM 4 DEFENCE
12001230
Presentation 78
High Fidelity Live Simulation for Combating PTSD 44
Dyan L Moore and Elyssebeth Leigh
STREAM 1 ADSO
13301530
ADSO Presentation
Defence Simulation Roadmap / Preliminary Defence
Simulation Architecture 44
Principal Authors
ADSO Presentation
JP3028 Market Survey 44
Principal Author
ADSO Presentation
Joint Simulation 44
James McRae
ADSO Presentation
Land 400 Simulation Opportunities 44
Jon Vaughan
STREAM 2
13301430
SPECIAL PRESENTATION
How Can Simulation Help People Capability.
A Case Study Employment Pathways Program 45
Jason Morgan, Specialist Learning and Development Products,
Mining Industry Skills Centre Inc
STREAM 2 DEFENCE
14301530
Presentation 17
Basic Message Formats for a Cyber Warfare Simulation
Environment 45
Martin Stytz and Sheila Banks
Presentation 18
The Role of Modeling and Simulation in Developing
Secure Computing Environments 45
Martin Stytz and Sheila Banks
STREAM 3 DEFENCE
14301530
Presentation 86
Towards a Framework for After Action Review
for Semi-Automated Analysis 45
Deghan Acay and Richard Yanieri
30
Presentation 41
LVC Five Year Development Plan for JCTC 45
James McRae
STREAM 4 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
14301500
Presentation 51
Training of Non-Technical Skills Based on a Risk Based
Training Needs Analysis 46
Werner Naef
STREAM 4 EDUCATION
15001530
Presentation 85
Semi-Automated Casual Analysis in Simulation Based
Military Training 46
Daghan Acay
STREAM 1 ADSO
16001730
ADSO Presentation
JDSC: A Flexible Tool Set for Capability Development
Decision Support 46
Duncan Tailby, Head Joint Capability Research, Joint Operations
Division, Defence Science and Technology Organisation
ADSO Presentation
Land Helicopter Dock: Ship Walk-Through
Computer Model 46
Tom Reynolds, Rowan Tink
ADSO Presentation
Aerospace 46
TBA
STREAM 2 DEFENCE
16001730
Presentation 3
A Simulator for Semi-Autonomous UAV Integration
into a Combat Role 46
John Page and Nathan Kinkaid
Presentation 36
A Distributed Environmental-Modelling Data Server 47
John Wharington, Alexei Skvortsov, Andrew Walker,
Scott Penrose and Jennifer Palmer
Presentation 69
Implementation of IEEE DIS Deep Packet Inspection
Firewall in FPGA Hardward 47
Hugh Ackland, Peter Ross and Andrew Robbie
STREAM 3 DEFENCE
16001730
Presentation 1
Voice Command for a Virtual Infantry Simulation:
Quantifying the Benet 47
Edward Rowlands and Michael Barlow
Presentation 21
The Open Simulation Platform (USIP OSP):
Enabling you to Create and Conduct Online Training
Simulations at No Cost for the Technology 48
Ronald Skip Cole
Presentation 43
From Creams to Fleet Synthetic Training and Beyond 48
Peter Clark, Peter Ross, Will Oliver, Peter Ryan and Ralph
MacDonald
STREAM 4 EDUCATION
16001630
Presentation 37
Lessons from the Field: Exploring the Impact
of Debrieng Simulation Exercises 48
Amanda Davies
STREAM 4 HEALTH
16301700
Presentation 88
Hospital Surge Capacity Management through
Simulation 48
Nick Howden, Julie Trpkovski and Mark Grebler
STREAM 4 HEALTH
17001730
Presentation 61
Enskilling New Simulation Professionals: A Graduate
Certicate in Healthcare Simulation 49
Phillipa Neads, Marcus Watson and Dylan Campher
THURSDAY 3 JUNE 2010
STREAM 2 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
09000930
Presentation 16
Simulating Goal Driven UAV Clusters Individual
Characteristics 49
Philip Sammons and John Page
STREAM 2 HEALTH
09301000
Presentation 76
Does Notebook-Based, Accessible Simulation Training
Create Cybersickness? 50
Susan Bruck and Paul Watters
STREAM 3 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
09000930
Presentation 83
Behavioural and Organisational Modelling Framework
Support for Paramedic Training 50
Mario Selvestrel, Evan Harris, Joel Schmidt and Mark Grebler
31
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STREAM 3 TRANSPORTATION
09301000
Presentation 35
A Methodology for Re-Validating Simulation Software
Following a Change in Implementation Platform 51
John Podlena, Keith Joshi and Xiaoming Zhang
STREAM 4 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE
09000930
Presentation 30
Development of an Interactive Visual Knowledge
Management System for Sustainable Mining Practices 51
Phillip Stothard and David Laurence
STREAM 4 EDUCATION
09301000
Presentation 29
Evaluating the Eectiveness of Virtual Reality Learning
in a Mining Context 51
Lauren Bennett, Phillip Stothard and James Kehoe
STREAM 1 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
10301230
SPECIAL PRESENTATION
Emergency Management Symposium 52
A/Prof Andrew Wilford, Professor of Project Management,
School of Sustainable Development, Bond University
Chief Superintendent Andrew Short, Director, School of Fire and
Rescue Service Training, Queensland Fire and Rescue Service
STREAM 2 EDUCATION
10301100
Presentation 31
Three Phases of Simulation 52
Chris Huggins
STREAM 2 TRANSPORTATION
11001200
Presentation 71
4D Virtual Models in Complex Urban Transport Projects 52
Ben Guy
Presentation 68
The Application of Virtual Driving Simulation to Enhance
Infrastructure Design 52
Anita Byrnes, Yuji Ito, Thea Lorentzen, Shunta Shimizu, Yoriyuki
Sunaga
STREAM 2 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE
Presentation 32
Evaluation of Underground Virtual Environment Training:
Is this Minim Simulation or Conventional Power Point more
Eective? 53
Shirley Zhang, Phillip Stothard and James Kehoe
STREAM 3 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
10301100
Presentation 15
Removing the Fuzzy and Adding the Logic
to System Level Training 53
Heath Pratt, Andrew Neely and Michael Harrap
STREAM 3 MANUFACTURING
11001130
Presentation 11
Real-Time Decision Making for Asset Management
Using Simulation 54
James Baulch and Erik Van Voorthuysen
Presentation 28
Simulation-Based Design of Robotic Systems 54
Shardi Mohammad Munshi and Erik Van Voorthuysen
STREAM 3 EDUCATION
12001230
Presentation 4
Maximising Eciency of Training Outcomes Using
Inexpensive 3D Technologies 54
Michael Garrett and Mark McMahon
STREAM 4 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE
10301200
Presentation 96
Leveraging Simulation Systems by Separating your
Concerns 55
Douglas Bester and Apolon Ivankovic
Presentation 27
An Assessment of the Maturity of Computer-Based
Simulation in the Mining Industry 55
Phillip Stothard and Philip Swadling
Presentation 10
Development and Evaluation of Omniwalker for
Navigating Immersive Computer Based Mine
Simulations 55
Minghadi Suryajaya, Chris Fowler, Tim Lambert,
Phillip Stothard, David Laurence and Chris Daly
STREAM 4 TRANSPORTATION
12001230
Presentation 6
A Simplied Simulation of Gas Turbine Engine
Operation 56
John Olsen and John Page
32
TUESDAY 1 JUNE 2010
PLENARY SESSION
08300845
Welcome Address
Mr Adrian Smith, SIAA Deputy Chair
PLENARY SESSION
08450930
Keynote Address The Need for Change
MAJGEN Steve Day, Joint Capability Coordinator in
VCDF Department of Defense
PLENARY SESSION
09301000
Keynote Address The People
Challenges
Mr Ross McAree, Professor of Mechanical Engineering,
University of QLD and Vice President for Automation at
CRC Mining
PLENARY SESSION
10301130
Keynote Address The Systems
Challenges
COL (ret) Dennis Thompson, Director Marine Air Ground
Task Force (MAGTF) Training Simulations Division,
Marine Corps Training and Education Command
STREAM 1 DEFENCE
11301230
SPECIAL PRESENTATION
15,000+ Networks, 5 Million+ Users:
A Modeling, Simulation, Design and Test
Challenge
John Illgen and Rich Vitamvas
The U.S. DOD (including military services) today has
approximately 15,000 networks and over 5 million users. Each
platform (airborne, vessel, wheeled vehicle, etc.) has its own
network. Standards and protocols for these networks dier.
Traditional interrelated problems exist:
Bandwidth
Network Packet Delay
Network delays
Percent utilization
Throughput
Scalability
Querying
And more
Transmission delays
Currently we are forcing information through stovepipes, which
is very time-consuming. Information ows back to the decision
makers in the C2 centers. Information from these diverse,
unconnected sources is correlated, fused, turned into a target
folder and forwarded to shooters. Fleeting targets are already
gone before the kill chain nd, x, target, track, engage and
assess is completed.
New, improved communications and networking capabilities are
now evolving under the following Systems:
LandWarNet (U.S. Army)
C2 Constellation (U.S. Air Force)
FORCEnet (U.S. Navy)
MAGTF (U.S. Marine Corps)
National/Intel networks, Joint, Coalition
Integrated Battle Command System (IBCS U.S. Army)
These new, evolving systems must maintain seamless, timely,
vertical and horizontally directed information to C2 forces and
weapons systems. Now that modernization and integration of
a Net Centric Environment has started, challenges in the T&E
domain will be dominant. A balanced approach using Modeling
and Simulation and Test & Evaluation will be required since all
aspects of these Net Centric systems cannot be fully tested.
Additionally, a balanced approach should reduce cost and
minimize life cycle risks. Recommendations for this Balanced
Approach will be discussed in terms of database requirements,
model(s) and simulation(s) selection and application, including
gap considerations, and test recommendations. Sensor to
Shooter (Net-Centric) examples will be shown to underscore
the above challenges. A summary of recommendations will be
addressed.
> ABSTRACTS
33
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PRESENTATION 63
Simulation Studies of Naval Warships
using the Ship Air Defence Model (SADM)
Sharada Boinepalli and Garry Brown
Performing simulation studies during the acquisition of
major warships is an accepted practice all over the world.
Simulation models are used to assess the performance of the
system because a physical instance does not exist and even if
representative sub-systems were available, it would be dicult
to replicate the operational environment and range of scenarios
in which the system is expected to operate. Maintaining records
of the runs and comparing with real results, once the asset is
tested and put into service, assists ne tuning and validation of
the modelling and analysis.
Methodologies for two simulation studies performed at DSTO
are summarised where a large warship must perform Anti Ship
Missile Defence (ASMD). The commercially available Ship Air
Defence Model (SADM) was congured to represent the ship and
used to execute Monte Carlo simulations in a variety of scenarios.
In the rst study, the Hard Kill (HK) and Soft Kill (SK) integration
options are assessed to inform future Command and Control
system requirements for large warships. This includes the
denition of a metric which assists in the comparison of dierent
HK and SK integration options. In the second study, the ASMD
performance is assessed for comparison with data from other
sources. This involves some pre and post processing to augment
the primary SADM model.
These modelling and simulation studies enable us to:
a) Analyse the eectiveness of HK and SK integration on large
warships,
b) Understand and test the capability requirements for ASMD,
and
c) Analyse the performance of SADM to inform future work
plans.
This paper aims to briey describe the two simulation studies
and comment on the applicability of software tools like SADM for
future work.
STREAM 2 DEFENCE
11301230
PRESENTATION 75
Realistic Virtual Actors for Training in
Counterterrorism
Rick Evertsz, Matteo Pedrotti and William Glover
Terrorism has become a common international threat, and is
particularly problematic to counter because it occurs in a civilian
rather than military context. It is dicult to dierentiate terrorists
from normal civilians because their strategy is to merge into the
crowd and thereby avoid detection. Providing security personnel
with the necessary experience to spot terrorists in a crowd can
be time consuming and resource intensive.
Simulation can provide a valuable complement to current
approaches, making them more ecient, cost eective and
reducing the manpower and infrastructure required to support
training. This paper describes how realistic virtual actors can be
used to provide the counterterrorism trainee with experience in
detecting abnormal behaviour and using tactics that increase
the visibility of a terrorist concealed in a crowd. Our approach
is to use the cognitive architecture, CoJACK, to create virtual
actors (civilians, terrorists) that react variably but realistically to
the trainees and other virtual actors actions. These virtual actors
are imbued with emotions, such as fear, anger and anxiety that
lead them to react plausibly to events in the scenario. The key
point is that these reactions are not scripted but emerge from
the interplay between the virtual actors cognitive and emotional
faculties.
This yields a exible training environment that is responsive
to what the trainee does. In many ways, it is more dicult to
generate realistic behaviour in a civilian rather than military
context - the actions and reactions can be quite subtle. This
paper outlines a civilian counterterrorism scenario, set in
London, in which there is a terrorist on reconnaissance, diverse
types of civilian with varying goals and emotional states, and
a suspect package. The synthetic environment, VBS2 was
used to represent the physical environment and the characters
embodiments.
PRESENTATION 44
Serious Games Need Serious
Performance Measures: A Case Study
Susannah Whitney, Philip Temby and Ashley Stephens
Serious games are increasingly being used to support military
training. One important instructional feature of these games
is their AAR capabilities, providing data such as summary
performance statistics. Clearly, if such data is to be of use to
military training audiences, it is important that performance
statistics are an accurate and valid measure of trainee
performance. However, there is very little data on the utility of
AAR summary statistics, particularly in the context of how they
compare to traditional methods of training evaluation such as
Subject Matter Expert (SME) assessments.
This paper describes a case study from the authors research into
the training eectiveness of serious games. In this study, a group
of dismounted infantry soldiers undertook training in small
unit operations with a serious game. Their performance was
measured in two ways: using the games AAR data capture tool,
and by SME assessment against pre-dened criteria. Examination
of the results demonstrated that the SME data showed clear
trends across the training sessions, whereas the AAR data
showed no clear trends. For the particular task being trained, the
SME measures of team processes were more appropriate and the
AAR data were of limited use for evaluating team performance.
In this paper, we discuss the ways in which the two dierent
sets of data can best be used to assess individual and team
performance, depending on the particular task being trained. We
also provide recommendations for improvements to AAR data
capture capabilities, incorporating measures of team processes
and outcomes.
34
STREAM 3 DEFENCE
11301230
PRESENTATION 5
Mimicking Human Problem-Solving With
Agents: Exploring Model Calibration
Anthony Dekker
Agent-based social simulation models have a wide range of
applications, and can incorporate numeric parameters of various
kinds. In this paper, we use a simple agent-based simulation
model of a laboratory experiment in network colouring to
explore the selection of such numeric parameters. In particular,
we examine two fundamental approaches to selecting model
parameters (model calibration) based on empirical data: directly,
comparing the data to model parameters; and indirectly, by
comparing the data to model outputs. Using our model, we
examine the strengths and weaknesses of the second approach.
We discuss the insights provided by the model, and the extent to
which condence in these insights is justied when parameters
are selected indirectly. The indirect approach to parameter
selection has value in building social agent-based models,
particularly when data on parameter values is unavailable,
provided the number of parameters is relatively small.
PRESENTATION 48
Link-16 Interoperability for the RAAF
ADGESIM and AWSIM Simulators
Lucien Zalcman, Jon Blacklock and Peter Ross
Link-16 is a complex, dicult technology to understand; it is
military only; it is export controlled, and is only made available
to cleared military personnel or contractors; and if real Link-16
data is used a Secret classication will most likely be required.
Therefore anything to do with Link-16 development will be
dicult, complex and expensive.
Link-16 interoperability is being developed for the Air Defence
Ground Environment SIMulator (ADGESIM). ADGESIM is used
to provide high-delity training to Air Combat Ocers by
the Surveillance and Control Training Unit (SACTU) at RAAF
Williamtown. A modied version of ADGESIM (known as AWSIM
School of Aviation Warfare SIMulator) is also used at the School
of Aviation Warfare at RAAF Sale to provide introductory (ie
lower-delity) Air Battle Management training to ab-initio Air
Combat Ocers.
This paper describes the various concepts and components
of this Link-16 Tactical Data Link capability and proposes how
Link-16 interoperability could be implemented for these dierent
versions of ADGESIM used by the RAAF for training.
STREAM 4 DEFENCE
11301200
PRESENTATION 66
CE/CBD A Key Element of a Common
Simulation Environment
Eddie De Souza
CE / CDB (Common Environment / Common DataBase) is a
fundamental technology that will help address the challenges
typically associated with simulation environments that include
simulations from multiple vendors simulating dierent types of
platforms with diering levels of delity.
Traditionally the runtime databases used by the Out The Window
displays, Sensors (FLIR, NVG, Radar etc) and Computer Generated
Forces have been generated o line in proprietary format for
each vendors simulation platform. This approach does not allow
for sharing of source data between simulation environments
and does not lend itself to quick turnaround mission rehearsal
simulation preparation. Furthermore the databases are typically
optimised and published for a specic simulation platform. CE /
CDB introduces an Open Specication for simulation data which
allows vendors to share a common source of data in a common
format that can be published in Real Time for the relevant
platforms at the resolution required for that particular platform.
This will allow virtual and constructive simulations of rotary and
xed wing airborne platforms, land vehicles and ships to share
the same data source. This paper presents a summary of the
traditional approach to database generation and demonstrates
the advantages of the CE / CDB approach in a common
simulation environment.
STREAM 4 EDUCATION
12001230
PRESENTATION 77
User Research for Games and Simulations
Andrew Stapleton and Elyssebeth Leigh
User research and usability is becoming increasingly important
to the development of commercial videogames within the
interactive entertainment industry. With its foundations in
software engineering, user research provides a means to better
understand, and improve, player experience. The many methods
of user research now available play a critical part in ensuring a
quality user experience, and ultimately a successful product.
Beyond the context of commercial interactive entertainment,
user research has much to oer simulations and serious games
designed for education and training purposes. This paper
explores the potential of user research in the development of
games and simulations for learning purposes, and suggests
ways it can be used to improve simulation design as well as for
assessing learning outcomes.
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Keynote Address What is the Cost of
Ownership? And How to Finance it.
Mr Heath Shonhan, Director Business Advisory Bentleys
STREAM 1 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE
14301530
RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE WHITE PAPER LAUNCH
Resources and Infrastructure Special
Interest Group
STREAM 2 DEFENCE
14301530
PRESENTATION 89
Sun Tzu, Serious Games and the Art
of War
John Welsh
Conquerors estimate in their temple before the war begins.
They consider everything. The defeated also estimate before the
war, but they do not consider everything. Estimating completely
creates victory. Estimating incompletely causes failures. When
we look at it from this point of view, it is obvious who will win the
war.
According to Sun Tzu, the ideal general wins the war before
the ghting begins. Originating from North Eastern China
approximately 2500 years ago, Sun Tzu was considered an expert
in military strategy. His teachings and principles have carried
through the ages and have become synonymous with success in
battle and achievement in war. Studied by leaders throughout
the world the Art of War has been applied most commonly to
the conduct of warfare. However, those principles have more
recently been applied to other kinds of warfare including
business. Where strategic thinking is necessary, Sun Tzus
principles provide wisdom, insight and intelligence.
Success in war as well as in business can be based on several
factors including leadership, information, preparation,
organisation, communication, motivation and execution. Yet
learning these principles and practising these skills can be
dicult to achieve at the best of times. For a start you need a
war or its equivalent. And then you need to be able to aord
to fail and then try again and again if necessary. You need to
be able to train, practice, evaluate and rehearse. You need to
understand the consequences of actions and determine whether
or not they achieve your goals.
And this is exactly what serious games make possible. The
opportunity to learn, to explore, to try, to fail and to master.
Through a presentation that explores Sun Tzus principles, John
Welsh, Defence Program Manager for Sydac Pty Ltd and serious
games subject matter expert, will provide examples of serious
games solutions that can be applied to those principles. Serious
games that exercise the critical factors for success. From vastly
complex strategy games such as the Geopolitical Simulator
Commander-in-Chief to fast-paced rst person solutions such
as VBS2 there are many serious games that can be applied
to learning, evaluating and rehearsing Sun Tzu. Whether for
war or for business serious games support increasing levels
of challenge, provide variations in events and scenarios, give
context, provide experience, engage and immerse, support
individual or group participation and perhaps most importantly
capture the outcomes so the player can try again, and then
again.
There are many serious games that exercise the critical factors of
success. However, perhaps the ultimate goal is to have only one.
The presentation concludes with a nal thought. Sun Tzu The
Art of War: A Serious Game.
A winning general creates the conditions of victory before
taking the initiative. A losing general takes initiative before
knowing how to succeed
Serious Games know how to succeed!
PRESENTATION 24
The Super Seasprite Simulator Visual
An Unwise Choice?
Roger Mulligan
Rarely today do we have the opportunity to see the outcome of
deviating from conventional industry practice when selecting
solutions for a full ight simulator. The rationale behind the
choices are so well grounded that the wrong solution is almost
never implemented. Within the many lessons to be learnt from
the much maligned Super Seasprite program lies just such a
question. Should we choose Collimated or Direct Projection for
the visual system? Both of these display types are successfully
employed on rotary wing simulators here in Australia. Both have
their applications; their strengths and weaknesses. But what if
we get it wrong? In the Super Seasprite, did we make An Unwise
Choice?
This paper has been authored so as not to throw out the baby
with the bath water, and to share the authors experience with
a display solution that, in hindsight, may have had unforeseen
negative training issues. A brief laymans synopsis of the
two predominant display types used in full ight simulators
(Collimated and Direct Projection), has been included in the
paper. It explores, again in laymans terms, the strengths and
weaknesses of both these in relation to seating conguration
and applicability to helicopters. From this, and in light of
personal experience, it concludes that had the Super Seasprite
Full Mission Flight Simulator (FMFS) entered service, it may
not have been the training platform the Commonwealth was
expecting, and may have had some negative side eects for the
crews who trained in it. It also reinforces that when acquiring
these devices, and when determining the costs, inexpensive
is not necessarily the same thing as aordable. So conducting
regular critical examination of past actions and decisions may
well improve capability and reduce the cost of ownership in the
future.
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STREAM 3 DEFENCE
14301530
PRESENTATION 49
A Tool for Optimising Satellite Based
Maritime Surveillance
David Clark, David Lingard and Adam Davies
The Australian Defence White Paper 2009 [1] foreshadows
the acquisition of a space-based imagery collection system.
Our group at DSTO has been conducting a study exploring
the employment of space-based Synthetic Aperture Radar
(SAR) for maritime surveillance, focussing on the quality of the
surveillance coverage. The purpose of this paper is to provide
a description of the modelling and simulation aspects and not
the results of the study itself. The modelling and simulation
components consisted of STK, MATLAB and a Java GUI. STK
provided analysis of vessel track coverage by the satellite based
sensor. The Java based GUI was created to interface with STK to
simplify scenario setup. MATLAB provided the programming
environment to develop a GUI for analysis setup, processing
of data and displaying results. A genetic algorithm was used
to optimise swath selection of a SAR sensor for each pass of a
satellite over a selected vessel track. The project developed
iteratively as the problem and the implementation techniques
were better understood. It soon became obvious that both the
delity of the optimisation and the processing time needed
renement. The delity is dependent on the selection of an
appropriate genetic algorithm technique and the general
analysis parameters used. These were dealt with through
experimentation and examination of output, starting with
an initial baseline. It was also discovered during this process
that due to the stochastic outcome of the genetic algorithm, a
Monte Carlo simulation would be also be required, thus adding
further to the time dilemma. The processing time was dealt with
through a better understanding and implementation of MATLAB
vectorisation programming techniques and use of the MATLAB
Parallel Processing toolbox.
PRESENTATION 58
Use of M&S to Support Acquisition of
Major Naval Systems
John Bos, Jeremy Graham and Jason Mitchell
Saab Systems is currently participating in two Australian major
surface ship capability projects, SEA1448 Phase 2 ANZAC Class
Ship Anti-Ship Missile Defence (ASMD) Upgrade and JP2048
CANBERRA Class Amphibious Assault Ship. In each project
Modelling and Simulation (M&S) is used as an integral part of
the project lifecycle. The overall objective of the M&S activity is
to establish the models, simulations, or prototypes needed to
support requirements denition, analyse the system architecture
and design, mitigate identied risks, assist test and evaluation
and thereby inform the process of translating the required
operational Measures of Eectiveness to delivered capability.
M&S also plays a key role in qualication of the delivered
capability. The various models developed are used to support
tactical level, constructive simulation with the additional
capability to support virtual simulation. Large scale Monte
Carlo simulation is conducted with a focus on evaluation of the
performance of each platform in terms of the combat system
Probability of Raid Annihilation against the dened operational
scenarios encompassing prescribed threat characteristics, threat
levels, and environmental conditions. This paper will describe
the evolution of the models and simulation architecture, the
simulation development and integration processes, links to
the systems engineering lifecycle and general use for analysis
of the Anti-Air, Anti-Surface and Anti-Submarine Warfare
capabilities of Naval platforms. It will touch on practical issues
such as determining appropriate simulation delity; execution
and management of large scale data generation and modelling
framework & facilities; and simulation Verication, Validation and
Accreditation (VV&A).
STREAM 4 DEFENCE
14301530
PRESENTATION 2
Agent-Based Simulation for Counter-Led:
A Simulation Science Survey
Anthony Dekker
Western countries face an ongoing threat from Improvised
Explosive Devices (IEDs). One aspect of the response to this
threat is the use of agent-based simulation to model the human
networks which place IEDs. While it may not be possible to
model these networks with sucient delity to exactly predict
IED placement, there is substantial training value in lower-delity
simulation models which are nevertheless realistic enough to
teach useful survival strategies. In this paper, we survey some
relevant areas of simulation science. There are two main human
aspects to IED placement. The rst is motivation to place
the devices, which inuences the number of IEDs placed per
day. Modelling motivation requires simulations incorporating
attitudes and emotions within society. The second main human
aspect to IED placement is cognition, which inuences the choice
of location for IEDs. Simulation of cognition requires modelling
planning by Red forces, which takes into account an internal
model of Blue processes. Modelling cognition also requires
models of learning and adaptability, as Red forces create and
respond to their mental representations of Blue responses.
PRESENTATION 7
Using Open Source to Build
Comprehensive Battlespace Simulations
Raphael Cuisinier, Michael Brunel and Stephanie
Prudhomme
In order to better understand the issues and trade-os of
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) concepts in network centric
warfare (NCW) operations, the French Aerospace Lab (ONERA)
has set up a comprehensive open source-based simulation
solution. The resulting framework supports engineers across
the entire simulation process: developing new simulations,
preparing complex NCW scenarios, executing and controlling
their simulation, using 3D visualization, and processing the
results.
The solutions originality is the successful integration of a wide
set of open source solutions: dedicated High Level Architecture
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(HLA) simulation tools (CERTI RTI and Delta3D serious game),
3D library (Open Scene Graph), Geographic Information System
(GIS) technologies relying on Web Map Services (World Wind,
ossimPlanet, osgEarth), physical models (JSBSim ight dynamics
models), development tools (CMake/CDash/CTest/CPack, SWIG,
CVS, CppUnit), charting libraries (JFreeChart), and diverse utilities
(Xerces, graphical user interface toolkits).
Despite the complexity of the problem domain and of the
available solutions, we will try to demonstrate how the
integration ends up with an engineer-friendly solution, easy
to use, fullling user modern visualization expectations
(considering games and Google Earth as baseline technologies
for comparison), and industry M&S interoperability
requirements (HLA and RPR-FOM). After giving an overview of
the backbone architecture that enabled the integration, we will
discuss the practical experience of open source use: how we
made those solutions t together, the coherency problems we
had to solve, and the extensions we developed.
The current version of the framework is being used at the ONERA
to simulate NCW operations involving UAVs. The integration
of open source solutions procured a cost ecient synthetic
environment for R&D simulations. As it also turned out to
be an agile and generic backbone, we would like to keep on
capitalizing models for new scenarios, lling the needs of future
ONERA projects.
STREAM 1 DEFENCE
16001730
PRESENTATION 46
Designing the System Right A
Progressive VV&A Framework for
Simulation Based Systems with Particular
Focus on Design Verication
Jawahar Bhalla
Verication Validation & Accreditation (VV&A) is typically
understood to comprise those activities performed during the
development/upgrade life-cycle of a System so as to ensure
the quality of the delivered System with regards to meeting its
intended purpose.
Verication focuses on ensuring the implementation of the
System aligns with its design specications; Validation on the
other hand focuses on the ability of the System to meet user
needs; while Accreditation focuses on ensuring that the System
meets relevant standards and on its approval for use.
Historically, VV&A activities, by denition even, have typically
been applied during the Realisation phases of a Systems
development life-cycle i.e. VV&A activities are focused on
System implementation and testing to ensure compliance with a
dened/approved System design.
Therefore, typically, Verication activities focus on ensuring
correct System implementation (i.e. in accordance with Systems
design specications), with little to nil independent focus being
given, in this context, to the quality of the developed design
itself.
This paper proposes a subtle revision to the typical approach
to VV&A, suggesting that VV&A activities are in fact a parallel
stream to Denition and Realisation activities, commencing
at project inception, and progressing in parallel through each
project phase, ensuring the integrity and quality of phase
outputs. In particular, this paper outlines a progressive VV&A
framework, identifying key attributes and focusing specically
on the Denition phase and on those aspects that ensure the
integrity and quality of the System design itself.
PRESENTATION 60
Application of M&S VV&A in the Anzac
Ship ASMD Upgrade Project
Mark Williamson, David Munro-Ford, Jeremy Graham,
John Bos and Jason Mitchell
Saab Systems is currently participating in project SEA1448
Phase 2 ANZAC Class Ship Anti-Ship Missile Defence (ASMD)
Upgrade. The principal objective of this project is to improve
the Probability of Survival (Ps) of the ship when it is exposed to a
range of anti-ship missile threat scenarios.
Use of Modelling and Simulation (M&S) is an integral part of
the project systems engineering lifecycle. The overall objective
of the M&S activity is to establish the models, simulations, and
prototypes needed to: support requirements denition; analyse
the system architecture and design; mitigate identied risks;
assist test and evaluation; and thereby inform the process of
translating the Operational Concept Documents Measures of
Eectiveness to the delivered capability.
M&S will play a key role in the qualication of the upgraded
ANZAC Ship during the Test and Evaluation (T&E) phase, and
will reduce the extent of live testing necessary. This requires the
implementation of a formalised M&S Validation, Verication and
Accreditation (VV&A) programme in accordance with Defence
Simulation Policy.
M&S V&V is conducted for each stage of M&S development. It
is aligned with the project Technical Performance Measures
Programme, and is presented at key ANZAC Ship ASMD Project
milestones. The formal accreditation process is undertaken
upon completion of Production T&E.
This paper will concentrate on the practical issues associated
with implementing and conducting a VV&A programme for
a complex Combat System which involves a mixture of new,
modied and legacy systems and simulations. It will address the
(somewhat) unique situation whereby the simulator is not the
delivered product
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PRESENTATION 47
Improving Data Management: Giving
Sta Belief in Change
David Hughes and Mike Pearson
This paper discusses the impact of various modelling approaches
to the improvement of Enterprise Data Management (EDM),
culminating in the development of a Bayesian Belief Network
model.
A common complaint employees make is that there is not
enough storage space available for them to perform their tasks.
For example, they are unable to save a le to a shared network
or cannot send an attachment via email. With tight project
timescales invariably the solution is for Information Systems
departments to provide more storage, especially as the cost of
additional storage continues to fall.
Providing additional storage is a temporary solution, especially
with rates of data growth continuing to increase dramatically,
with some estimates in the region of 60% annual growth. The
cost implications of running out of storage space are insignicant
compared to the amount of time employees spend trying to
retrieve information or creating/duplicating information if their
search is unsuccessful.
In a post-GFC environment, organisations are looking to all
sorts of productivity improvements to do more with less, and
information is often amongst the most under-utilised assets. If
an organisation wants to exploit the benets of its information
then it needs to introduce eective management tools. The EDM
team at BAE Systems is trying to create the right environment
and practices to improve the exploitation of our corporate
information in order to either generate revenue or to reduce
expenditure.
This paper describes how the EDM team has applied
modelling techniques to assist the business to improve its
Data Management by categorising data, removing duplicates
and archiving data. It is implementing a change management
programme focussing on improving the way in which everyone
manages data and information assets.
The EDM team is developing a Bayesian Belief Network to model
the business benets that its change management program will
bring.
STREAM 2 DEFENCE
16001730
PRESENTATION 80
Economics of Speed in Military
Applications
Christian Host and Derek Empson
Increasing aircraft speed provides operational and economic
benets to the operators. Completing the mission sooner not
only improves operational eectiveness, but may also reduce
the total mission costs. Often the hourly costs may increase with
extra speed, but not necessarily the total cost, since the mission
is executed in less time. Both the operational benets and costs
depend on the mission own, making a priori calculations of
value (benet per dollar) impossible. Consequently military
aircraft designers and operators lack critical information when
trying to create a business case for investing in technology that
improves speed.
This paper presents a way to calculate the savings provided
by speed, which could be used to oset possible increases
in operating costs of the faster aircraft. Meaningful insights
emerge by simulating a full spectrum of military missions using
the AIRPLAN Mission planning software package, wrapped by
a Monte Carlo driver. Tens of thousands of dierent missions
are analyzed by varying sixteen dierent variables for the
transport missions (Airspeed, Radius, Initial Payload to Transport,
Headwind, Sustainment Payload per Day, Days of sustainment,
Operations and Support Costs per Hour, Additional Crew Costs per
Hour, Main Operating Base Taxi Time, Forward Operating Base
(FOB) Taxi Time, MOB Load/Unload Time, FOB Load/Unload Time,
Maximum Crew Duty Day, Minimum Crew Rest Period, Brieng
Time, Debrief Time). Eleven dierent independent variables are
varied for loiter missions (Airspeed, Patrol Radius, Baseline Aircraft
Endurance, Faster Aircraft Endurance, Maximum Crew Duty Day,
Minimum Crew Rest Period, O&S Costs per Hour, Additional Crew
Costs per Hour, Aircraft Turn Around Time, Brieng Time, Debrief
Time). Statistical analysis permits the construction of simplied
parametric equations useful for acquisition analysis or product
development. This paper presents the full analysis and provides
conclusions that are applicable to a wide range of missions.
PRESENTATION 45
Reducing the Pain of Terrain The Gems
Project
Thomas Stanzione and Kevin Johnson
The US Army Geospatial Center is actively involved in bringing
the command and control, and simulation domains closer
together through the use of common geospatial data and terrain
analysis capabilities, leveraging the GIS capabilities in CJMTK.
They initiated the Geospatially Enabled Modeling and Simulation
(GEMS) project to investigate using operational battle command
geospatial data directly in modeling and simulation applications,
without the need for separate terrain database generation
procedures. This capability is currently being integrated into the
Armys OneSAF simulation system, providing a future mission
planning capability through embedded simulation. This paper
will provide an overview of the GEMS project, its benets to the
war ghter, and the way ahead.
PRESENTATION 57
Unexpected Alliances: A Health
Simulation Centre and Two Defence
Forces
Phillipa Neads, Marcus Watson and Derek Wright
Introduction
Alignment has emerged between the Queensland Health Skills
Development Centre, the Australian Defence Force and the Royal
Netherlands Armed Forces
Background
Queensland Health Skills Development Centre specialises in
scenario based healthcare learning, while the Australian Defence
Force and the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces have identied
a need for linkages with healthcare experience and healthcare
skills training. This unexpected but natural alliance is being
developed.
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Data/Methods
A range of collaborative activities have occurred between the
Queensland Health Skills Development Centre, the Australian
Defence Force and the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces. These
lnclude: Provlslon of lndlvldually developed scenarlo based
training by the Queensland Health Skills Development Centre for
Australian Defence Force reservists prior to their deployment to
Afghanlstan, wlth clear feedback of the value of the tralnlng Slte
visits between Queensland Health Skills Development Centre,
the Australian Defence Force and the Royal Netherlands Armed
Porces. The Australlan Defence Porce and Queensland Health
Skills Development Centre are continuing to work together to
identify joint opportunities for education and collaboration
Results
The alliance with the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces has
progressed with key Queensland Health Skills Development
Centre and Australian Defence Force sta travelling to the
Netherlands to present at the key health conference for the Royal
Netherlands Armed Forces. Feedback from audience members
conrmed that high delity health related scenarios would
have been valuable pre deployment. The Australian Defence
Force Joint Health Command and Queensland Health Skills
Development Centre are continuing to develop their alliance.
Conclusions
All alliance opportunities should be considered, even those that
seem unexpected at rst glance.
STREAM 3 DEFENCE
16001730
PRESENTATION 62
Sea Warrior: Simulated Exercises for the
Anzac Ship ASMD Upgrade
Andrew Knight, Heath James and Peter Freeman
Defence and Saab Systems have been working together on
the Sea Warrior program since 2008 to support the upgrade of
the ANZAC Ships Anti-Ship Missile Defence (ASMD) capability.
The upgrade is managed by Project SEA1448, and consists
of new sensors, new weapon capabilities, upgraded Combat
Management System (CMS) and a redesigned operations
room. A program of simulated exercises called Sea Warrior is
being used to support the Project. The Sea Warrior initiative
recognises that technologies must be integrated, usable by
operators and accompanied by appropriate tactics, doctrine
and training before capability can be fully realised. Sea Warrior
provides a vehicle for early engagement of key stakeholders,
and for early identication and rectication of issues that may
have operational impact. The Sea Warrior activities involve
structured simulations with current ANZAC combat system
operators using current releases of the upgraded CMS software
in a high delity simulation environment. Feedback from the
operators, combined with measures of system performance
and eectiveness under dierent conditions allows the Navy
to develop appropriate tactics, to identify crewing and training
needs, and allows the Project to identify issues in the CMS
software and implement the necessary changes prior to nal
design. By carrying out such activities early, the cost and risk
of introducing the capability into service is reduced, and the
system engineers can understand how the technologies are
used operationally by ships crews. SW1 (Dec 2008) focused
on picture compilation, while SW2 (AugSep 2009) focused
on the decision processes used by the ships command team
in conducting engagements. SW3 and SW4 (2010, and 2011)
will focus on the ability of the entire operations room crew to
conduct engagements. This paper will describe the planning
and implementation of SW2 and describe the way results are
fed back into Navy tactical development and the systems
engineering lifecycle.
PRESENTATION 26
Database Management System for
Performance Based System Assessment
of Military Multi-Mission Platforms
Andrew Pozzetti, Cees Bil and Graham Clarke
In an eort to lower the overall cost of defence war-ghter
acquisitions, the Commonwealth Government is in the process
of imposing performance based contracting methods [1] upon
acquisition and through life support contractors. Whilst being
relatively new to Australian Defence [1 3], performance based
contracting is not a new concept to other industries around the
world [4]. Due to the demanding military aerospace acquisition
and sustainment requirements however, the defence industry is
presented with a common and unique problem. This problem is
inherent to the design of defence performance based contracts
and results in guaranteeing that each military performance
based contract is dierent [4]. This can present an awarded prime
contractor with complex management issues, particularly if the
prime contractor is also responsible for multiple platforms and
corresponding contracts.
In this paper, we will utilise existing and traditional design
methodologies to design a system for the management and
analysis of performance based contracts which are specic to
multi-platform military, rotary and xed wing systems. A multi-
disciplinary approach was taken in an attempt to provide a
best t framework which encapsulates the unique yet essential
requirements for a successful implementation of a performance
based contract. Once implemented, this system is expected to
allow Australian Defence and subsequent prime contractors
to not only track and monitor the progress their respective
performance based contracts, but also grant users with the
ability of simulation and subsequently predict the performance
of current and future performance based contracts.
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PRESENTATION 56
Strategic and Tactical Airlift Modelling
Dushy Tissainayagam
A nations power to project force at a distance rests on its
strategic air and sea lift capabilities. Platform selections made
during the development of such capabilities can profoundly
shape this power for the long-term. Thus, the analysis of the
performance of candidate platforms is critical during the
acquisition phase of a lift capability.
The Systems Analysis Laboratory (SAL) within Boeing Defence
Australia has developed a constructive simulation tool to rapidly
analyse the interplay between the types of air and sea lift
missions, the types of air and sea lift platforms, their operational
performance and cost. The tool supports a mix of air and sea lift
eets that can be tasked to transport personnel and all types of
military and civilian cargo across multiple theatres of operation.
It also provides real-time visualisation of analysis data to aid in
the conduct of customer decision support activities.
The application of this lift analysis tool in a regional airlift
scenario, involving a humanitarian mission to Samoa and
regular re-supply missions to the American, Australian and New
Zealand bases in Antarctica, shows that current reliance on
tactical transport modes may prove inadequate in the future.
Preliminary results from our lift analysis demonstrate that
strategic airlifters such as the C-17 Globemaster can, not only
successfully complete such missions in less time, but be more
cost-eective as well.
STREAM 4 DEFENCE
16001730
PRESENTATION 55
Real-time Threat Volume Generation
for an Airborne Target using GPU-Based
Parallel Processing
Anthony Nixon
A common requirement in the realm of military many-on-many
simulation for training or analysis is the task of visualising the
threat presented by a particular sensor or weapon system.
Traditional 3D threat volume visualisations operate by using
a set of xed, static target parameters. This paper presents a
novel approach to the task of presenting a 3D visualisation that
captures those aspects of detectability and vulnerability that
vary based on the current state of a selected target platform.
This is achieved by generating a point cloud or 3D volume
of possible locations for the target platform and assessing
detectability and vulnerability as if the platform were at each
of those locations. This approach however is a computational
challenging one. Platform detectability and engageability must
be assessed, taking into account terrain intersections, radar cross
section, kinematics and jamming, for a multitude of possible
threats, sampled over a grid of possible ownship locations.
Once the volume of threat intensity data is assembled, displaying
that using a volumetric or iso-surface rendering technique is
itself challenging. Maintaining real-time performance adds even
more of a challenge.
This paper presents the result of the Boeing Defence Australia
Systems Analysis Laboratorys ongoing development eorts
to undertake this problem, leveraging the parallel processing
capabilities provided by modern graphics processing units
(GPUs). A brief introduction into the current state of GPU
computing will be presented, along with our results to date
implementing a simple subset of the proposed approach.
Results are presented that indicate that the approach has merit
and that the problem is ideally suited to GPU parallel processing.
PRESENTATION 91
SORD over WAN: Adding Simulation
Richness to Distributed Exercises
Rodney Figaroa and Lowell Baker
Over the last couple of decades the way we train using military
simulations has changed considerably. A great deal of interest is
now being focused on how to conduct large scale real-time war-
gaming across multiple host computers that are geographically
dispersed. This requirement has given rise to open standards
like the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) and the High
Level Architecture (HLA). These standards allow for ecient
transmission of the state of battleeld entities running on
inexpensive computers. The realism and training didnt
necessary come from the high delity models shared across
dierent simulations but came from the number of intelligent
pucksters that were allowed to take part in the exercise.
Interoperating using these standards also means conformance
to the agreed upon Protocol Data Units (PDU) message sets
or the Federation Object Models (FOM) shared objects which
in turn limit the number of dierent simulation events/
richness that can be sent over the wire. The US Armys One
Semi-Automated Forces (OneSAF) was released with a greatly
improved architecture and capability set compared to traditional
simulations, and acknowledging this gap, has commenced the
development of an enhanced interoperability framework that
will allow for distribution of the OneSAF Simulation Object
Runtime Database (SORD) objects over a Wide Area Networks
(WAN) to geographically dispersed OneSAF clusters. This
capability when fully implemented will provide the OneSAF User
community with a tool to conduct distributed exercises without
the loss or transformation of the entire data model between
sites.
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WEDNESDAY 2 JUNE 2010
PLENARY SESSION
09001000
Keynote Address Factors that Inuence
Capability
BRIG Barry McManus, Director General Capability and
Plans Department of Defence
STREAM 1 ADSO
10301230
PANEL DISCUSSION
Concept Development and
Experimentation: The Mismatch
Between Industrys Capability to Deliver
Simulation Services and Defences
Demand
MAJGEN Steve Day, Joint Capability Coordinator in
VCDF
Dr Mike Brennan, ADSO Director General Simulation
BRIG Barry McManus, Director General Capability and
Plans
Representative, United States Marine Corps
ADSO PRESENTATION
The State of Play
Dr Mike Brennan, ADSO Director General Simulation
STREAM 2 DEFENCE
10301100
PRESENTATION 92
Usage of Enterprise Level Modelling and
Simulation for Architectural Concept
Investigations: A Case Study in Future
Undersea Platforms
Frederick Hardtke
Recently, capabilities have been increasing within the industry
sector in areas traditionally dominated by Defence and Defence
Research agencies. Among these, the increasing use of mission
level, virtual and constructive simulation and experimentation
techniques generally are notable. Industry has and is continuing
to construct Battlelabs for its own use and to collaborate
with Defence. This is particularly useful for early architectural
investigations. This paper will examine experimentation from
an industry perspective and focus largely on an initiative
commenced this year to investigate alternative architectures for
future undersea platforms.
STREAM 2 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE
11001130
PRESENTATION 87
Mine Modelling and Visualisation
A Case Study
Nick Howden, David Bellm, Mark Grebler and Julian
Andreou
This paper describes the Barrick3D mine modelling and
visualisation tool developed for Barrick Gold Corporation by the
team at CAE Professional Services. The Barrick3D tool provides
models and visual representations of open cut mines to facilitate
a wide range of activities from training and familiarisation with
rening plant, to planning of ore extraction, to analysis of the
environmental impact of the mine years into the future, and even
visualisation for marketing to shareholders.
Mining companies produce and store vast quantities of data
about the dierent aspects of their mines which are used
individually by each of the dierent functional units within the
mine. There are dierent tools used by each area to manage
the data for associated with that area, but no uniform tool to
produce and visualise a complete model of the mine over its
lifetime, incorporating data from all of the areas within the
organisation.
The Barrick3D tool displays a range of dierent types of data,
including 3D models of physical mine structures such as open-
cut pits, waste tailings dams and buildings, and analytical
data such as drill core assay results and 3D volume models of
mineral density. These data sets are presented in the context
of the geography of the mine through a precisely geolocated
and photo-realistic quality terrain model, generated from
laser altimetry and high-resolution aerial photography or
satellite imagery. The tool renders the data at real-time frame
rates, allowing the user to easily navigate through the models,
facilitating immersion. The user is provided with a variety of
tools to examine the data, such as the ability to walk through the
models in a rst person perspective, and a cross-section plane
tool that allows the examination of the contents of 3D volumes
and the interfaces between physical structures and analytical
data.
This paper describes the tool, and how Barrick Gold is planning
to utilise its modelling and visualisation capabilities within the
organisation.
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PRESENTATION 25
Collimated Visual Display Replacing the
BP Screen with Shaped LCDs
Roger Mulligan
Technology is advancing so rapidly that its dicult to know
who is doing what and with whom. Marrying dierent emerging
technologies to produce something tangible is sometimes
dicult as those involved at the leading edge of design
may not see the practical applications of their labor. Recent
developments in exible LCD design, and the ability to apply
LCDs to shaped surfaces raises the question of what the possible
application within the simulation eld may be.
This Paper is a brief window to a future possibility. As a thought
exercise it presents the idea of replacing the back projection (BP)
screen of a conventional collimated visual display with an LCD
panel of the same shape, removing the complexity and cost of
the current projection system and the overheads associated with
its maintenance. It provides a brief grass-roots overview of the
support required for current collimated display systems and how
such a development could reduce the cost of ownership and
improve capability.
PRESENTATION 82
High Fidelity Radar Simulation on a Kiwi
Sized Budget
Stephen Witherden
The RNZAFs P-3K2 Orion airplanes are being outtted with
updated technology, part of which is a new radar system. The
only problem is, very few people in New Zealand have had
enough experience with such a radar to operate it eectively.
Training students in-ight is a costly endeavour. A new solution
to training large numbers of radar operators was required.
Becas brief was to design and build a cheap but high delity
radar trainer that could emulate every function the actual radar
supports. Our solution was to integrate with the actual software
from the P-3K2 by supporting both standard and proprietary
military system protocols. Real-time radar imagery was simulated
using widely available gaming technology. The radar video
rendering strikes the balance between expensive high delity all
purpose radar wave simulation systems and supercial canned
scenarios to arrive at a good enough level of delity to meet
complex training objectives for training students to deal with
dynamic environments.
STREAM 3 DEFENCE
10301230
PRESENTATION 14
Ocean Environment Modelling
Interpreting a Large Data Structure in
Real Time
Ryan Harrison
Utilising recorded ocean data covering the worlds oceans
for simulation purposes is a complex task. This information
needs to be calculated and made available to a federation of
models in simulation-time. The data comprises millions of units
of information, and this information is queried by latitude,
longitude, depth, and season. Furthermore, the data must be
arranged in such a way that it can be traversed eciently during
the simulation. Ocean data is of varying density, and designing
an algorithm that collects relevant data points for averaging
purposes is a key challenge. This paper will outline how Deep
Blue Tech has overcome the challenges presented by this
problem. Also discussed are the key lessons learned, and future
requirements for improvement.
PRESENTATION 64
Open Source Analyzer for SISO-J Tactical
Data Link Simulation
William Robertson, Peter Ross and Andrew Robbie
Tactical data links, such as Link-11 and Link-16, are increasingly
being seen as essential for synthetic training exercises. Protocol
analysis and debugging tools have traditionally focused on the
Test and Evaluation communities needs, specically for actual
data link hardware on military platforms. Air Operations Division
of DSTO has a requirement for TADIL protocol analysis tools
which are exible, easy to use and low cost. The open-source
Wireshark network protocol analyser has been extended to
support inspection of Link 16 J-series messages encapsulated in
the SISO-J and STANAG 5602 SIMPLE distribution protocols.
PRESENTATION 79
An Empirical Examination of Feedback:
User Control and Performance in
a Hapto-Audio-Visual Training
Environment
Dawei Jia, Asim Bhatti and Saeid Nahavandi
Generic virtual environments (VEs) designed for training allow
presentation of multiple sensorial information with timely
feedbacks. In contrast to other instructional medium, that relies
heavily on visual information display, VEs show advantages
by delivering visual, auditory and force or tactile feedbacks in
an intuitive, interactive and engaging manner. Although, VEs
have been widely adopted as training tools, facilitating users
in learning procedure tasks across diverse disciplines including
engineering, aerospace, and medical, there still is a need of
better understanding of the user adaption and acceptance as
well as design principles to fulll its potentials.
The need for development and use of interactive, immersive 3D
VEs is ever increasing. As with any emerging technologies, user
acceptance of new software and hardware devices is often hard
to measure and guidelines to introduce and ensure adequate
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and correct usage of such technologies are often lacking. It is
therefore imperative to obtain a solid understanding of the
important elements that contribute to eective learning through
VEs. In particular, 3D VEs may present unusual and varied
interaction and adoption considerations.
Integrating theory from research on training, human computer
interaction (HCI), ergonomics and cognitive psychology, this
research proposes and validates a model that contributes to
application-specic VE ecacy formation. The cognitive, skill-
based and aective learning outcomes are extended in this
study to include constructs of key dimensions (e.g. performance,
user aect and perceptions) to enable better understanding of
user perception and adaption pattern. The extension of theories
of learning outcomes for training evaluation is useful, as 3D VEs
encompass many of the same adoption (e.g. perceived ease of
use, perceived ease of learning and satisfaction etc.) and design
concerns (e.g. usability, learnability, and delity) as traditional
2D user interfaces (UIs). Nevertheless, due to the unique
characteristics of VEs, it presents unique user adoption and
design concerns that need to be addressed unambiguously.
The major contribution of this study is to investigate a complex
set of interrelated factors in the relatively new sphere of VEs for
training and education. Although many of the factors appears to
be important from past research, but none of the research has
explicitly addressed a set of intercombination, comprehensive,
empirically validated factors to understand how VEs aid complex
procedural knowledge and motor skill learning. We will rst
describe the theoretical background and conceptual dimensions
and then report a study of object assembly skill acquisition in
a hapto-audio virtual training environment. To benet training
and simulation research, system design methods, user-centred
design and evaluation approaches, as well as lessons learnt from
force reective haptic interface in use are discussed. Theoretical
and practical implications are also addressed.
PRESENTATION 70
Enhancing Synthetic Environments.
A Constructive / Virtual Use Case
Bruce Robbins
Providing more realism in the Modeling and Simulation (M&S)
community is a key facet of improving training within the armed
services. As software and hardware continue to improve, the
ability to implement higher delity capabilities within the
simulation improves as well. Within the U.S. Army Program
Executive Oce for Simulation, Training, and Instrumentation
(PEO STRI) two programs of record, One Semi-Automated
Forces (OneSAF) and Synthetic Environment Core (SE Core) are
implementing capabilities enhancing the synthetic environment
to directly support U.S. Army training. Eorts have been realized
to provide run-time terrain repolygonization/deformation,
dynamic entity avoidance, dynamic obstacle avoidance, and
higher delity smoke models to the OneSAF software. This is
in support of the Constructive and Virtual linkage found with
OneSAF, CCTT, and AVCATT and is readily transferable to other
simulations and models. This paper will discuss the above
mentioned items and show how they provide a more realistic
environment for not only the aforementioned simulations and
Army domains, but also for the Training Exercises and Military
Operations (TEMO), Advanced Concepts and Requirements
(ACR), and Research, Development, and Acquisition (RDA)
domains as well.
STREAM 4 DEFENCE
10301100
PRESENTATION 8
Time to Stop Playing Games Seriously
Matt Moncrieff, Shawn Parr and Steve Salmon
The term Serious Games is nding increasing use in military
circles as an attempt to distinguish between entertainment
products and those games used for training purposes. In recent
years there has been a trend away from complex and expensive
purpose built military simulations, towards solutions based
on commercial gaming engines. In addition to vastly reduced
development costs, commercially based games oer advantages
in terms of their support for commonly available hardware and
operating systems, the maturity and currency of their graphic
engines, and the ability to access the games easily from work
and home locations. Game designers also bring a wealth of
experience in their ability to develop engaging and creative
games which maintain high levels of player interest, which is
essential to any training design process. The link however, has
still not been made between games and training. There is a
danger that this element of training is moving away from a
controlled and monitored environment, with built in feedback
and error correction mechanisms, to one where the trainees
operate entirely by themselves.
A catch cry amongst the providers of serious games has been,
Serious Games for Serious Training. Many militaries have
subscribed to this philosophy and have invested heavily in
the acquisition of these games. There is however a growing
undercurrent from military members who were starting to
question whether they were actually getting real training value
from the games that they had invested so heavily in. Though
many are procient in designing training scenarios that replicate
current conditions, there is still no method to link the trainees
performance with specied learning objectives. How do you
really know that the trainee has achieved anything worthwhile,
how do you provide an auditable trail to say that the trainee is
achieving any level of competency and how do you record those
results with any degree of prociency? The next step for Serious
Trainers is to begin to understand how games and simulations
are embedded and employed within a Serious Training
environment. To be considered serious games must be part of a
deliberate and carefully planned training activity.
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PRESENTATION 39
Using Simulation to Assess Response to
Interoperability Failures During a Crisis
Martin Stytz and Shelia Banks
The network centric paradigm (NCW) for warfare makes
information a tempting and lucrative target for attack. We can,
and should, expect attacks upon national and allied information
infrastructure and training will help personnel to operate in
spite of an adversarys attempts to decrease interoperability.
Simulation, especially distributed simulation, can play a key
role in the development of resilient interoperability capabilities
because distributed simulation can provide an economical,
standardized environment within which to develop and
evaluate interoperability strategies, plans, and capabilities.
Because interoperability in all of its forms and aspects is crucial
to the success of NCW and to achieving impermeability to
cyber attacks, there is a need for interoperability assessment
and training environments that can operate within existing
virtual simulation environments that can be used by operators,
decision-makers, and other users who rely upon networks
and software within a network-centric warfare paradigm. The
paper addresses this issue and is organized as follows. The
rst section provides an introduction to our research topic
and the importance of interoperability. The second section
provides a brief background on decision-support tools, the
human component of crisis interoperability, and the known
technological, social, organizational, and language barriers
to the human component of crisis interoperability. The third
section describes our approach to using simulation to explore
the research issues associated with crisis interoperability
and concepts for using simulation to evaluate individual and
organizational interoperability performance during a simulated
crisis. The fourth section contains a summary and suggestions
for further work.
STREAM 4 EDUCATION
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PRESENTATION 23
A Wireless Sensor Network for System
Identication of Sailboat Dinghies
Graham Bennett, Chris Manzie, Denny Oetomo,
Jonathan Binns and Norman Saunders
This paper presents a low-cost, wireless experimental test bed
and data processing approach for use in the identication of
small boat dynamics. Small sailboats, despite their prevalence in
the leisure market, do not have an accepted and validated model
for system dynamics. While much eort has been devoted to
the identication of marine vessel dynamics for large craft over
the past four decades, the assumptions made during system
identication of large yachts do not necessarily translate to
small sailboats. The advent of sailboat simulators, like the Virtual
Sailings V-Sail Trainer, demonstrates a need for high delity
models to ensure simulator performance appropriately replicates
the real boat. The versatility of the approach presented in this
paper makes it transferrable to the identication of other inertial
systems.
STREAM 4 DEFENCE
12001230
PRESENTATION 78
High Fidelity Live Simulation for
Combating PTSD
Dyan L Moore and Elyssebeth Leigh
Combat Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) places a major
nancial, emotional, physical, moral and generational cost and
burden on families, society and organizations. It has been called,
by military leaders, the signature disease of the current military
conicts. Extensive research has been done (and continues to
be done) on the impact of Combat PTSD and organizations are
researching ways of preventing or strengthening individuals
against succumbing to combat PTSD. This paper explores the
potential of using high delity live simulation, as a tool for
traumatic stress resiliency training. It reports on research data
from the elds of development psychology, behavioral therapy,
and desensitization and prolonged exposure techniques. It also
draws on rsthand accounts gathered from soldiers who have
participated in hyper realistic live simulation exercises.
STREAM 1 ADSO
13301530
ADSO PRESENTATION
Defence Simulation Roadmap /
Preliminary Defence Simulation
Architecture
Principal Authors
ADSO PRESENTATION
JP3028 Market Survey
Principal Author
ADSO PRESENTATION
Joint Simulation
James McRae
ADSO PRESENTATION
Land 400 Simulation Opportunities
Jon Vaughan
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STREAM 2
13301430
SPECIAL PRESENTATION
How Can Simulation Help People
Capability. A Case Study Employment
Pathways Program
Jason Morgan, Specialist Learning and Development
Products, Mining Industry Skills Centre Inc
STREAM 2 DEFENCE
14301530
PRESENTATION 17
Basic Message Formats for a Cyber
Warfare Simulation Environment
Martin Stytz and Sheila Banks
The network centric paradigm for warfare makes information
a tempting and potentially devastating target for attack. We
can, and should, expect attacks upon the national and allied
information infrastructure in future conicts, and training will
help personnel to recognize a cyber attack and to operate in
spite of an adversarys cyber attacks. Simulation, especially
distributed simulation, is a key component in the development
of cyber defense capabilities because distributed simulation can
provide an economical, standardized environment within which
to develop and evaluate cyber warfare defensive technologies.
Due to the paramount importance of information to the success
of the network centric warfare paradigm, proper diagnosis of
cyber attacks is crucial. Clearly, operators and decision-makers
must be able to dierentiate between a cyber attack and a
system failure or fault and this is the broad focus of our research.
This paper addresses development of standards for simulating
the eects of oensive and defensive cyber warfare activity,
which will allow sucient exposure to accurate simulated cyber
events to enable eective human and machine response(s) to
attacks upon network centric resources.
PRESENTATION 18
The Role of Modeling and Simulation
in Developing Secure Computing
Environments
Martin Stytz and Sheila Banks
Simulating the operation of a computers applications can
provide models of the computations, which can be used to
detect malware. The need for a new approach to detecting
malware arises from both the power and stealth of the current
threat. In the last decade, attackers have shifted to using
complex, multi-phase attacks based on subtle social engineering
tactics coupled with advanced cryptographic techniques to
prevent analysis and to execute highly targeted attacks against
specic system components. Furthermore, these attacks are,
to all intents and purposes, imperceptible to current technical
defenses and detection technologies. There is every reason
to expect that the sophistication of the cyber attacks and the
technologies employed will increase and that the cyber attacker
will continue to retain a decisive advantage. We believe that a
new approach to cyber defense is needed and should not be
dependant upon detecting malware at the system boundary
or when malware begins to execute but should exploit
virtualization technology to the maximum extent possible to
detect and contain malware. Virtualization can be used at each
CPU in the computer to permit monitoring of the computations
at the CPU and to examine all of the data entering and leaving
the CPU; thereby allowing us to determine if the CPU has been
subverted and is executing malware. Simulation is crucial to the
success of this approach because it is only by using simulation
that computational models for each CPU and data ow models
for each CPU can be developed. In this paper, we describe
our approach to using virtualization to secure a computer, the
role of simulation in our approach, and a description of our
virtualization-based model architecture.
STREAM 3 DEFENCE
14301530
PRESENTATION 86
Towards a Framework for After Action
Review for Semi-Automated Analysis
Deghan Acay and Richard Yanieri
After action review is an inherent aspect of unit training in
the military domain. In the case of simulation based training,
complex high volume data is generally created and collected.
The collected data can potentially be employed to conduct
AAR in far more detail, and reused. Yet, the amount of data and
the inherent complexity can easily exceed the cognitive skills
of a trainer unless supported by tools that are appropriate for
automated extraction of events and associated measures. One
approach that can be used to enable automated knowledge
extraction is to underpin such techniques on appropriately
developed data structures. In technical terms, the tacit
knowledge of the trainers should be formalised in a form usable
by semi-automated AAR preparation tools. However, one
should understand the standards, practices, and conventions in
human-driven AAR preparation. In this paper task-oriented AAR,
introduced in the literature, is discussed to build a task-oriented
schema towards automated knowledge extraction. The schema
is designed to form a basis for the development of automated
knowledge extraction tools, and to benet Observers/
Controllers in AAR preparation.
PRESENTATION 41
LVC Five Year Development Plan for JCTC
James McRae
The Joint and Combined Training Capability (JCTC) has the
responsibility for providing coordinated Live Virtual Constructive
(LVC) simulation training to major Defence exercises and
mission rehearsals prior to deployment on operations. To ensure
the requirements of the training audience are met, JCTC has
developed a living ve year plan to develop and implement LVC
solutions, which will be distributed across the Defence Training
and Experimentation Network (DTEN). The priority for LVC
solutions is to maintain exercise realism for mission rehearsal
exercises, with a focus on Joint Fires, Command and Control and
Electronic Warfare. This paper looks beyond the simulators and
includes policy, infrastructure and administration aspects often
forgotten, but essential, to eectively deliver enhanced LVC
support to the war ghter undergoing training.
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PRESENTATION 51
Training of Non-Technical Skills Based on
a Risk Based Training Needs Analysis
Werner Naef
NSW RailCorp in Sydney conducted a Risk Based Training Needs
Analysis (RBTNA). The author has been involved in the early
stages of this project and had designed and completed the
rst complete task analysis for train drivers of the organisation.
One outcome of this comprehensive analysis was a set of
non-technical behavioural markers for the operators of the Rail
Management Centre (RMC) at Sydney Central where operations
across the whole network gets managed centrally. The RMC
plays a key role in not only managing daily operations but also
in managing abnormal and emergency operations across the
NSW CityRail system. Naef Pty Ltd was able to demonstrate
that its team training computer simulation GemaSim can
cover over 90% of the validated non-technical skills required
to demonstrate the desired non-technical behavioural markers
(outcomes). As a consequence of this, and as a consequence of
the need to do training in this area of non-technical skills based
on the Waterfall accident report GemaSim was successfully
used in a training initiative in 2009 that embraced all sta and
managers of the RMC in Sydney. The paper informs about the
background of the RBTNA, the prioritisation of the training
themes and the training itself, including the train-the-trainer
sequence.
STREAM 4 EDUCATION
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PRESENTATION 85
Semi-Automated Casual Analysis in
Simulation Based Military Training
Daghan Acay
Eective training, particularly in the context of the military
domain, relies upon after-action review (AAR) to provide
feedback and instruction to trainees. The success of the AAR
process largely depends on reliably detecting events of interest,
and the causal links thereof, during the training exercise.
Pervasive use of computer based training will promote an ever
increasing quantity, breadth, accuracy, and richness of training
exercise data, and will soon exceed what has traditionally been
produced through hitherto conventional means of training
support, which will likely overwhelm the current capacity for
eective analysis. In theory the data stored during computer
based training could be exploited to provide individualized and
tailored AAR for more incisive and eective training. On the
other hand, current AAR tools lack the capacity for eective and
reliable semi or fully automated causal analysis that supports the
O/C; specically, the capability to capture the causality between
and among events buried under terabytes of data. In this paper,
theories behind Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Dynamic
Bayesian Network (DBN) models are explored. Their suitability
for causal analysis in the context of semi-automated event
recognition from training data is discussed. We conclude that
DBN is a good candidate for the causal analysis of temporally
related events, particularly for group training.
STREAM 1 ADSO
16001730
ADSO PRESENTATION
JDSC: A Flexible Tool Set for Capability
Development Decision Support
Duncan Tailby, Head Joint Capability Research, Joint
Operations Division, Defence Science and Technology
Organisation
ADSO PRESENTATION
Land Helicopter Dock: Ship Walk-
Through Computer Model
Tom Reynolds, Rowan Tink
ADSO PRESENTATION
Aerospace
TBA
STREAM 2 DEFENCE
16001730
PRESENTATION 3
A Simulator for Semi-Autonomous UAV
Integration into a Combat Role
John Page and Nathan Kinkaid
Autonomous and semi-autonomous aerial vehicles are nding
increasing roles as force multipliers in many defense contexts.
Our interest lies in integrating such vehicles into combat
capability alongside manned aerial assets. A number of
proposals have been put forward as to how such an integrated
eet might enhance capability. These range from distributing
sensors through electronic and physical shielding to weapon
deployment. In order to investigate these potential capabilities
we are in the process of commissioning an expanded simulation
capability. For a number of years we have been conducting
research using a multi-vehicle simulator, called a cluster
simulator, we designed and developed within the school. This
cluster has the capability of combining up to eight ight-
simulation programs. The simulated vehicles can be either
remote controlled or have varying degrees of autonomy and can
also mimic a ying aircraft in real time simply by transmitting
GPS data from the aircraft to one of the simulators. An extension
of this capability which is described in this paper is the design of
a two seat military training aircraft simulator without a motion
platform, based on one of our advanced project designs. The
front seat is occupied by a pilot while the rear seat by a mission
controller. The role of the mission controller is not only to assist
the pilot in achieving the objective but also to integrate the
simulated UAVs generated by the cluster simulator. The mission
controller will thus determine the strategy to be executed by
the eet. Along with basic plots of the combined eets position
the mission controller is also able to obtain visual and other
data from any selected UAV to enhance mission management.
The piloted vehicle can also be directed to the location of any
of the UAVs should further investigation be required. Though
the individual elements of the system are now in place a certain
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amount of further work is required to make it fully operational
at which time it should be capable of simulating a number of
combat scenarios and evaluating their viability.
PRESENTATION 36
A Distributed Environmental-Modelling
Data Server
John Wharington, Alexei Skvortsov, Andrew Walker,
Scott Penrose and Jennifer Palmer
Low-cost data storage and computing, together with the
increasing availability of public sources of geospatial and
meteorological data, oer the opportunity to economically
incorporate high-delity environmental data in simulation
products. Traditionally, simulations requiring environmental data
have relied on simplied or idealised representations because
access to realistic modelling has been complex and prohibitively
expensive.
The authors have recognised myriad requirements across
DSTO for environmental data and have developed a software
framework capable of eciently and inexpensively serving such
data for a variety of end-uses, including real-time simulations,
constructive simulations for performance and operations
analysis, and statistical analysis. The framework includes
facilities for distributed data warehousing as well as scheduling
of retrieval from published source data. Post-processing of
data for coordinate-system and other data-format conversions,
application of higher resolution models, and statistical analysis
are also incorporated in the system. An application programming
interface permits users to retrieve remotely stored data as well
as data cached locally. Web-based interfaces are also provided
to end-users for retrieval and preview, as well as providing a
system-administration capability. The system has been under
development since 2008 and has been utilised for research
purposes. This paper describes the framework and illustrates
one of its applications, the performance analysis of a small,
electrically powered tactical unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in a
specic region.
PRESENTATION 69
Implementation of IEEE DIS Deep Packet
Inspection Firewall in FPGA Hardward
Hugh Ackland, Peter Ross and Andrew Robbie
When connecting two simulation systems is prudent to use a
lter to prevent malformed or malicious trac from one system
impacting on the other. Filtering at the IP layer is implemented
using well tested routers and switches which implement many
operations in hardware for maximum speed. Application layer
lters (or rewalls) usually operate on top of standard operating
systems, sacricing exibility for slowness, increased latency and
increased maintenance. In addition, it is very hard to verify the
correctness of a lter system implemented as, for example, a C++
program running in Windows. This is particularly important for
high security systems.
We wished to explore the concept of a hardware lter for the IEEE
DIS standard, written in a Hardware Description Language and
compiled to run directly on a Field Programmable Gate Array
(FPGA). An analysis of aspects of the IEEE DIS standard amenable
to ltering is made. We present the lter logic, describe its
implementation on Net-FPGA and Xilinx Spartan prototyping
boards, and provide detailed performance results.
STREAM 3 DEFENCE
16001730
PRESENTATION 1
Voice Command for a Virtual Infantry
Simulation: Quantifying the Benet
Edward Rowlands and Michael Barlow
Traditionally, immersive virtual simulations (such as VBS, and
more generally First Person Shooters) provide the ability to
command Computer Generated Forces (or AI) by mapping
orders and instructions to particular keystroke and mouse
combinations. This approach further overburdens an already
taxed interface mechanism that is being employed to control
all physical actions of the players avatar. The consequence of
this cumbersome approach is that command opportunities and
actions may be missed or completely disregarded due to the
diculty & non-intuitive nature of the interface. Indeed it has
been observed that the human in the loop will often disregard
the need to command the computer generated forces and
attempt to ght the battle by themselves. This is clearly not
a desirable training or experimental outcome. However, an
alternate to the approach of command via keyboard & mouse
is to provide the participant with an interface and control
mechanism that is familiar through their everyday life and
experience - that of using their voice. During this study a novel,
simple and reliable voice interface was developed to control
computer generated forces within the military simulation VBS
2. This interface was then trialed for use by a cohort of young
soldiers, sailors and airmen/airwomen from the Australian
Federation Guard. The participants were asked to take the
role of a section commander and to command their computer
controlled forces through a series of section attack scenarios.
Using the voice interface and some dedicated scripting of the
avatars they were monitored and their performance measured. A
baseline for the study was obtained via quantifying performance
for the traditional keyboard & mouse command interface.
Participants also rated their experience in terms of believability
and useability. Analysis of the results indicated that human
participants were more inclined to communicate or command
computer generated forces when the interface was more like
the real world - ie, the voice control. In addition, it appears that
performance (as a commander) improves with a more intuitive
interface
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PRESENTATION 21
The Open Simulation Platform (USIP
OSP): Enabling you to Create and
Conduct Online Training Simulations at
No Cost for the Technology
Ronald Skip Cole
The United States Institute of Peace (USIP) has created an open
source tool, the Open Simulation Platform (OSP), to allow anyone
to create, conduct and rene online training simulations. This
is a disruptive technology that will radically lower the cost of
ownership to those who seek to create simulations preparing
people for strategic decision making, and will enable many
more people to partake in the noble, and ennobling, exercise
of creating simulations. Those who understand the power of
using simulations for training yearn to see simulations used
much more in the classroom. But there has been little traction
in actually crossing the chasm and making simulation training
a staple of mainstream education. With the USIP OSP we intend
to cross this chasm. The problem, as we see it, is that simulation
enthusiasts want to target the students, but fail grasp fully that
the real gatekeepers are the instructors. Any tool that will be
broadly adopted will have to enrich the lives of instructors at
very little cost and time to them. In essence, it must be very easy
to use. The tool will also have to be extremely exible from the
simulation authors point of view, empowering them to create
simulations capable of delivering their learning objectives to
their audiences with ease. The USIP OSP is used internally at the
USIP, at the U.S. National Defense University, and The Bishops
School. This paper will discuss how to obtain and use it. The USIP
OSP is an open source project, similar to LINUX and Wikipedia,
so anyone can use it, and all are welcome to help us make it even
better.
PRESENTATION 43
From Creams to Fleet Synthetic Training
and Beyond
Peter Clark, Peter Ross, Will Oliver, Peter Ryan and
Ralph MacDonald
In the mid 1990s, Navy transitioned from a large mainframe-
based centralised training system at HMAS WATSON that
included models of all major ship types to a set of discrete
simulators. Navy developed a distributed training capability
by networking these new simulators under Project SEA 1412.
This capability, known as the Maritime Warfare Training System
(MWTS), enabled Navy to move to higher levels of training
and readiness at minimal cost compared with live training,
and prepare for coalition operations without leaving Australia.
Once accepted into service, the MWTS was deployed in a
series of exercises under several initiatives with the United
States. The Coalition Readiness Management System (CReaMS)
was an initiative by the United States Navy to demonstrate
advanced training capabilities between coalition partners. This
was established by way of bi-nation project arrangements,
between the United States and each of Australia, the United
Kingdom, Germany, Singapore and the Netherlands. Australian
participation in the project resulted in the conduct of three
coalition synthetic training demonstration events during 2001
- 2003. Development of a persistent and eective in-port and
ashore training capability between the Royal Australian Navy
and USN was the desired end-state of CReaMS. This was achieved
in May 2006 with the rst of a series of Coalition Fleet Synthetic
Training exercises held between the RAN and USN Third and
Seventh Fleets. During 2006 2010, Navy has run up to three
such exercises each year as part of their routine warfare training.
Future developments include the addition of new simulation
assets on the network, expanded involvement in coalition
exercises, regional engagement, and automated objective
exercise evaluation and trainee assessment. This paper will
discuss the evolution of Navy synthetic training throughout 1995
2010, and address future scientic and technical enhancements
to the current system.
STREAM 4 EDUCATION
16001630
PRESENTATION 37
Lessons from the Field: Exploring
the Impact of Debrieng Simulation
Exercises
Amanda Davies
The delivery of training for police ocers which provides
opportunity to practice decision making skills in safe situations
is widely acknowledged as problematic. Globally the inclusion in
training of simulating policing incidents is growing at a rapid rate
as a strategy to develop an ocers preparedness for the volatile,
life threatening front line of policing the streets. The NSW Police
Simulation Operations Unit utilises the Jonathan Crego designed
Hydra simulation framework to provide a situated learning
experience. Senior ocers undertaking an incident command
course (ICC) have opportunity to practice their decision making
skills in a major public order incident. This paper reports on
a pilot study undertaken to explore amongst other factors,
the impact of debrieng the training simulation for ocers
professional practice. The study moved beyond the classroom
to the street, interviewing ICC participants 3-4 months following
training and their return to the eld. The results suggest that
the critical value of debrieng lies in supporting the participants
learning by going beyond a job well/not well done to increase
their preparedness for the reality of their professional practice.
STREAM 4 HEALTH
16301700
PRESENTATION 88
Hospital Surge Capacity Management
through Simulation
Nick Howden, Julie Trpkovski and Mark Grebler
Canadas battle with SARS revealed signicant weaknesses in the
Ontario healthcare system, including a limited ability to manage
critical care resources across hospitals in response to a sudden
spike in demand. In response to this, Ontario is running a new
surge management program to help hospitals better manage
spikes in demand for critical care services without aecting day
to day hospital services. As part of this program, Ontario has
engaged CAE to build a simulation capability to exercise surge
management plans within and between hospitals.
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The main objective of this project is to test and exercise
implementation of a principled approach to manage surge
capacity and leverage critical care resources across the hospital
network to ensure patients have access to care. Through
participation in this program, each participating hospital will
strengthen communication, improve partnerships and ensure
access to critical care resources in a timely manner.
In order to eectively exercise surge management plans
within and between hospitals, CAE is building a simulation
environment that will provide the capability to run through
a range of surge scenarios at the minor, moderate and major
levels. The simulation capability will be able to create exercise
scenarios based around a wide range of surge events, from
disease outbreaks to mass casualty events and natural disasters.
The system will also support testing and analysis of hospital
processes and potential future changes and enhancements.
This paper describes the development and application of the
simulation system.
STREAM 4 HEALTH
17001730
PRESENTATION 61
Enskilling New Simulation Professionals:
A Graduate Certicate in Healthcare
Simulation
Phillipa Neads, Marcus Watson and Dylan Campher
A new profession required within healthcare simulation
is developing at present, the simulation co-ordinator. An
appropriate vocational qualication is required to appropriately
enskill the professionals taking up these new roles.
An essential new qualication has been identied because of
the need for competent sta, and for a consistent qualication
to ensure industrial equity for the group currently discharging
the role. A Graduate Certicate in Healthcare Simulation has
been identied as a suitable, competency based qualication to
achieve these two drivers. Developing the Graduate Certicate
is underway, with accreditation achieved via the Training and
Employment Recognition Council, Queensland.
The Vocational Graduate Certicate comprises six modules,
each comprising an interactive self directed work book, and face
to face workshop, supported by reading. The modules cover
the knowledge, skills and behaviours required to successfully
discharge the role of simulation co-ordinator, and will also be of
interest to those instructing in the eld. A number of signicant
challenges were faced in developing this qualication, including
a requirement to bring together dierent disciplines with
dierent view points
The Vocational Graduate Certicate in Healthcare Simulation
has met the rst hurdle and has been accredited as a nation
wide training qualication. The pilot is underway, and will be
completed by April 2010.
Whilst appropriate qualications are essential, the challenges in
developing them should not be underestimated.
THURSDAY 3 JUNE 2010
STREAM 2 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
09000930
PRESENTATION 16
Simulating Goal Driven UAV Clusters
Individual Characteristics
Philip Sammons and John Page
Operational costs and access to emergency aerial vehicles for
applications such as search and rescue, bush re tracking and
detection and other disaster emergency responses, often play a
major role in the number of resources it is possible to mobilize.
Recent technological advances have seen the development of
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) which can address these issues
more economically. The continuing research into the autonomy
of UAVs is aimed at reducing the signicant human resources
that is currently required to operate a single vehicle while
retaining capability. These developments in automation are also
a precursor for the realisation of autonomous teams of vehicles,
that can cooperate in order to complete the desired goal, as
studies have shown a considerable improvement in terms of
successful mission completion when more than one UAV is
deployed. A team of multiple unmanned vehicles require an
autonomous path planning and asset management framework
in which to operate. This framework is best investigated and
developed in a simulation environment allowing realistic
outcomes to be investigated of the developing team and swarm
control theories. This paper presents ongoing research and
development steps towards the use of many heterogeneous
agents that form a cluster in order to improve the overall
eectiveness of a UAV search team. Insight has been found by
examining literature on how communal insects such as ants and
bees use simple algorithms to nd food sources and to what
extent their individuality enhances the eciency of the process.
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STREAM 2 HEALTH
09301000
PRESENTATION 76
Does Notebook-Based, Accessible
Simulation Training Create
Cybersickness?
Susan Bruck and Paul Watters
Accessibility to simulated environments generally is limited
by the availability of sophisticated hardware and software. An
alluring option could be to use a portable computer, thereby
availing simulation training to a wider-ranging client base
in a more economical and ecient way. However, one of
problem associated with some of the screen based simulation
environments can be the client reports of unpleasant
symptomatic responses such as cybersickness. In this study
we investigated whether watching considerable simulated
motion on a laptop computer screen for six minutes would
induce signicant cybersickness symptoms in a healthy sample
population. We hypothesized that there would be no reports of
cybersickness in response to simulated movement on a laptop
computer. The hypothesis was tested using a Wilcoxon Matched-
Pairs Signed Rank Test. The prediction that there would be no
signicant dierence between the Pre-Test and the Post-Test
SSQ symptom scores was supported on eleven out of sixteen
symptoms. Nevertheless, the hypothesis was not supported on
ve SSQ Pre-/Post- test scores (General Discomfort, Eyestrain,
Diculty in Focusing, Diculty in Concentrating, Dizziness Eyes
Closed) indicating that participants were moderately distressed
by the movement in the simulation. We suggest that the
reported eyestrain resulted from technical issues related to the
screen refresh rate, and that the diculty in concentration was
a consequence of the tedious content of the simulation both
important technical consideration when designing a system. If
these results can be veried by a larger and more diverse client
population, then the results would appear to suggest that using
laptop computers simulations for training, even when there
is a signicant amount of simulated movement is not likely to
initiate symptoms of nausea, headache or fatigue as has been
observed in previous research using large immersive virtual
reality environments.
STREAM 3 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
09000930
PRESENTATION 83
Behavioural and Organisational
Modelling Framework Support for
Paramedic Training
Mario Selvestrel, Evan Harris, Joel Schmidt and Mark
Grebler
The training of senior paramedics for mass casualty events is
fundamentally dierent to that needed for normal operations.
A paramedics primary training and typical experience is in
incidents with few casualties, where each casualty is able to
receive individual life saving treatment. In contrast, the primary
focus in a mass casualty scenario is to do the most good for
the most people with the limited resources available, with
an expectation that paramedics will be unlikely to save all
casualties. In such mass casualty scenarios senior paramedics
take on a resource management and coordination role rather
than one focused on the treatment of individual patients.
Training senior paramedics skills in resource management
and coordination is typically labour intensive, costly and time
consuming as it requires a large number of people to provide
stimulus for the senior paramedic undergoing the training.
Development of a simulation tool to provide the management
and coordination training for senior paramedics can signicantly
lower the cost and time to provide the training.
The Behavioural and Organisational Modelling Framework
(BOMF) is being developed to provide a model of the
organisational structure within which senior paramedics need to
operate. The BOMF provides a mechanism by which the trainee
can perform complex interactions with models of superiors and
subordinates. To provide realistic training the models of the
human operators need to provide a reasonable model of their
reasoning abilities. When reasoning about the environment
humans use a variety of reasoning techniques and methods.
These include building and maintaining situation awareness
of the surrounding environment, planning on how to act on
the environment, pursuing multiple goals simultaneously, and
interleaving pro-active and reactive behaviours.
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STREAM 3 TRANSPORTATION
09301000
PRESENTATION 35
A Methodology for Re-Validating
Simulation Software Following a Change
in Implementation Platform
John Podlena, Keith Joshi and Xiaoming Zhang
The life cycle of simulation or modeling software can include
fundamental changes in the implementation platform; be they
the programming language used or the supported hardware.
These changes can likewise often result in changes in simulation
results from the old platform to the new given the same inputs.
This necessarily presents a requirement to understand the
cause of these dierences and at the highest level to verify
that any change is due to dierences in the platforms and not
programmatic errors. This paper details the methodology
followed for such a change in implementation platform, the
statistical processes used to identify signicant changes to
simulation results, and nally the discovered causes of simulation
result dierences.
STREAM 4 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE
09000930
PRESENTATION 30
Development of an Interactive Visual
Knowledge Management System for
Sustainable Mining Practices
Phillip Stothard and David Laurence
The generation, retention, and transfer of knowledge are crucial
for sustainability. Sustainable mining ensures ecient resource
extraction with minimum social and environmental impact. The
Mining Industry is well placed to leverage existing simulation
infrastructure and apply it to sustainability. The application of
existing simulation technology to multiple mining processes
can reduce the cost of ownership. Interactive Visual Knowledge
Management Systems present an opportunity for historic,
current and future mining experience to be recorded and
interrogated in a visual environment. Techniques such as digital-
photography, 360 degree video, web-based communications,
satellite imagery, computer graphics and sensor technology
are readily available as a resource for storage, interrogation,
interpretation and presentation of mining data. Mining data has
been presented in 3D for sometime however its application to
sustainability is relatively new and an issue is that knowledge
and understanding often resides with individuals, teams or as
repositories of text based documentation. Discipline experts
are extremely procient at dealing and interpreting their own
data sets. Unfortunately, when the time comes to present data
or work with data from other disciplines, or more importantly,
present information to stake holders and non-technical people,
key information can be lost in translation. This presents an
obstacle for community engagement where one persons
perception of a dataset may not necessarily be the same as
another. The result can be conict. Information should be easily
interpreted and understood by all. That is, one persons data
should be easily available for others to learn from. Perception
and understanding from one person to the next should be
constant. Interactive Visual Knowledge Management Systems
provide intuitive ways to analyse data and develop Best-
Practice for new mine operations. They oer a mechanism for
people to take site tours without having to visit the real site.
The cost savings when numerous people are involved in the
decision making process can be great. The School of Mining
Engineering at the University of New South Wales has developed
an Interactive Visual Knowledge Management System for
sustainability issues related to mining an ore-body in a sensitive
area. This paper discusses the concept of that system, its
objectives and presents the rst trial of the prototype system.
The results from this rst trial are encouraging.
STREAM 4 EDUCATION
09301000
PRESENTATION 29
Evaluating the Eectiveness of Virtual
Reality Learning in a Mining Context
Lauren Bennett, Phillip Stothard and James Kehoe
UNSWs Schools of Mining Engineering and Psychology have
jointly developed high-delity simulations for training in the coal
mining industry aimed at improving safety. These simulations
have capitalised on advanced technology to move beyond
replications of traditional class-room training and to implement
best, evidence-based instructional practices. The present
paper describes controlled experiments conducted as an initial,
rigorous evaluation of the simulations by testing one small
component. Specically, a 3-D simulation of a coal mine was
compared to a 2-D slide-based presentation in the acquisition,
retention and transfer of a standardised operating procedure.
Novices were trained to re-start an exhaust fan and were
subsequently given a multiple-choice test immediately after
training and then again after a retention interval of one week or
more. In Experiment 1, training was conducted using the mining
simulator (Group Sim) versus class-room slide presentations
(Group PP). To maintain the participants active attention, each
step of the procedure was followed by a question and feedback.
Experiment 2 included a third condition in which participants
in the mining simulator were asked to collaborate in generating
answers to the in-training questions (Group Sim+). Two weeks
after the retention test in Experiment 2, the top ve participants
in Groups Sim+ and PP provided a hands-on demonstration
of the exhaust-fan procedure. Across experiments, training in
the simulator tended to yield better test scores than the class-
room training, particularly in the practical, hands-on test. The
positive eect of the mine simulation on acquisition, retention,
and transfer of the procedure provides a foundation for further
simulation-based modules, which can replicated across mine
sites and provide consistent training that does not depend
on the individual trainer. This replication and consistency will
decrease the cost of development and ownership to a small
fraction of the cost of mining.
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STREAM 1 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
10301230
SPECIAL PRESENTATION
Emergency Management Symposium
Interactive Panel Discussion
A/Prof Andrew Wilford, Professor of Project
Management, School of Sustainable Development,
Bond University
Chief Superintendent Andrew Short, Director, School
of Fire and Rescue Service Training, Queensland Fire
and Rescue Service
STREAM 2 EDUCATION
10301100
PRESENTATION 31
Three Phases of Simulation
Chris Huggins
Simulation as a tool to develop psychomotor skills is well
established, and often is seen as the gold standard. In health,
and many other professions high quality psychomotor skills are
only part of the equation. These highly developed psychomotor
skills are and should be linked to the skill of judgment. Judgment
is often seen as the domain of experiential learning and is
only achieved through the authentic workplace. It is these
experiences in the authentic workplace that is seen as the
fertile ground which allows us to develop our schemata, and
the bedrock of judgment. However, these experience come at
a cost, also there are ethical consideration of allowing students
to manage people in the authentic setting before they are fully
competent.
Experience in most professions is seen as the providence of the
authentic workplace and not easily obtained outside of this.
These experiences are often linked to time in the authentic
workplace, however, this is a poor measure of experience,
as there is no control over quality, type or quantity of the
experiences in this setting. Dewey (1965) has argued that twenty
years experience may only be one year twenty times over.
Therefore, how do we provide for the development of eective
judgment? This paper will examine simulation and its in the
place in the development of judgment as a core learning activity.
Simulation has three logical phases;
the brieng
the scenario
the debrieng
Each of these phases plays an important role in the eectiveness
of simulation. Also each phase will engage dierent aspects of
the students learning. Simulation can be dened as an active
learning pedagogy, which engages the students on emotional,
cognitive and psychomotor levels. The result of this is, simulation
needs to be embedded into the curriculum and not as an adjunct
to it. This paper looks at all phases of a simulation with a major
focus on the third phase, and the power of public reection and
its part in the development of phronesis (practical wisdom).
STREAM 2 TRANSPORTATION
11001200
PRESENTATION 71
4D Virtual Models in Complex Urban
Technologies Projects
Ben Guy
UC works with large design teams to integrate and help validate
multi-professional design inputs into a rapidly updating space
for forensic analysis. Throughout optioneering and design
iterations, thousands of drawings, their updates and subtleties
can be pushed to UC. This requires a production response time
of hours and minutes to produce and publish new scenarios for
interactive experiences.
Within these 3D and 4D spaces increasingly complex verications
are demanded for at-speed motions, such as Road Safety Audit
compliances to local and national standard, signage and signal
analysis, sun-glare responses and tunnel portal experiences.
The UC system includes fully animated, high realism assets such
as cars, trains, buses and trams that corner and turn in realistic
fashions in real-time to truly emulate the scenario of a complex
interchange or urban environment with multiple demands.
Characters walk and cross roads, people in wheelchairs board
trains and pushbikers ride by - all at human speeds.
All in all UC is creating increasingly complex urban validation
technology utilized in complex major projects and infrastructure
across the country. This technology is used throughout design,
communication, specication, marketing, sta induction, driver
training and stakeholder management.
A case study approach of how this methodology was integrated
into the design process of the largest transport project in
Australian history, and helped that team win, will be provided in
an interactive 3D demonstration for the SimTect audience.
PRESENTATION 68
The Application of Virtual Driving
Simulation to Enhance Infrastructure
Design
Anita Byrnes, Yuji Ito, Thea Lorentzen, Shunta Shimizu,
Yoriyuki Sunaga
This paper describes the application of virtual driving trials to
the design of a tunneled highway junction in Tokyo, Japan. A
3-panel virtual reality simulator allowed for road plans to be
experienced from a drivers perspective in a 3D interactive,
real-time environment. Driver reactions were then used to assess
the visibility of signs, road markings, guidance information,
and evacuation routes. Virtual driving trials were performed in
two series with the rst results indicating that changes in size,
coloring and placement were necessary. The second series
re-enforced that the changes were benecial for drivers. Finally,
on-site trials were also performed to conrm the feedback
from simulation and prepare for construction completion. This
paper presents the driving results and implementation into the
highway design as well as an analysis of the VR tools application
to the safety assessment study.
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STREAM 2 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE
12001230
PRESENTATION 32
Evaluation of Underground Virtual
Environmental Training: Is the Mining
Simulation or Conventional Power Point
more Eective?
Shirley Zhang, Phillip Stothard and James Kehoe
UNSWs Schools of Mining Engineering and Psychology have
jointly developed high-delity simulations for training in the coal
mining industry aimed at improving safety. These simulations
have capitalised on advanced technology to move beyond
replications of traditional class-room training and to implement
best, evidence-based instructional practices. The present
paper describes controlled experiments conducted as an initial,
rigorous evaluation of the simulations by testing one small
component. Specically, a 3-D simulation of a coal mine was
compared to a 2-D slide-based presentation in the acquisition,
retention and transfer of a standardised operating procedure.
Novices were trained to re-start an exhaust fan and were
subsequently given a multiple-choice test immediately after
training and then again after a retention interval of one week or
more. In Experiment 1, training was conducted using the mining
simulator (Group Sim) versus class-room slide presentations
(Group PP). To maintain the participants active attention, each
step of the procedure was followed by a question and feedback.
Experiment 2 included a third condition in which participants
in the mining simulator were asked to collaborate in generating
answers to the in-training questions (Group Sim+). Two weeks
after the retention test in Experiment 2, the top ve participants
in Groups Sim+ and PP provided a hands-on demonstration
of the exhaust-fan procedure. Across experiments, training in
the simulator tended to yield better test scores than the class-
room training, particularly in the practical, hands-on test. The
positive eect of the mine simulation on acquisition, retention,
and transfer of the procedure provides a foundation for further
simulation-based modules, which can replicated across mine
sites and provide consistent training that does not depend
on the individual trainer. This replication and consistency will
decrease the cost of development and ownership to a small
fraction of the cost of mining.
STREAM 3 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
10301100
PRESENTATION 15
Removing the Fuzzy and Adding the
Logic to System Level Training
Heath Pratt, Andrew Neely and Michael Harrap
Simulation is potentially a cost eective and risk averse medium
in which to transfer malfunction or emergency training. In the
military context, the ever increasing employment of system
intensive platforms within hostile environments is leading to a
shift in training requirements from one of handling and control
to one of system management. Simulation plays an important
part in meeting this training requirement. Furthermore, the
role of simulation has expanded from ab-initio training to crew
management, mission rehearsal and battle-damage related
emergencies. In order to meet these demands, simulators must
also be developed to provide training cues that accommodate
malfunction/emergency training in these environments.
Simulators designed to provide this training face a number of
challenges. These include the lack of authorised data to support
malfunction cues and the structure of the system models that
support the simulation. Current simulator models are usually
based upon lookup tables collated from data obtained during
ight-testing. This data is often restricted to the normal
operational envelope and rarely contains abnormal behaviour
that can be used for malfunction simulation.
The traditional implementation of malfunctions requires the use
of scripts to override normal model behaviour as dened by the
associated lookup tables. This approach restricts the delivery
of training to specic scenarios and areas of the ight envelope
where the scripted cues are valid. The lack of authorised
data to support the malfunction cues may lead to negative
training transfer. Furthermore scripted malfunctions do not
accommodate trainee interaction or provide model behaviour
that responds appropriately to the various permutations and
combinations that can be experienced during exible training
scenarios, such as mission rehearsal. System level models may
also have limited behavioural feedback delity a property
that rewards or punishes the trainee for correct or incorrect
responses.
To address these limitations, future models must evolve to
provide the trainee with greater behavioural delity. This is
especially important when modelling systems experiencing
abnormal behaviour associated with malfunctions or
emergencies. To achieve this, the modeling paradigm must
change from the current scripted approach utilizing system
level lookup tables, to an approach where individual system
components are physically modeled and interact with one
another to represent the entire system. Such an approach
will accommodate the accurate representation of cues that
propagate naturally throughout the system without resorting
to scripting with its inherent limitations. This paper presents
a method of modeling malfunction behaviour using object
oriented programming and fuzzy logic.
The application of fuzzy logic has been well documented within
aviation for the prognostic and diagnostic analysis of gas turbine
engines. Fuzzy logic, unlike Boolean logic, allows data to be
described by its degree of membership of a given set. This
provides the basis for modeling using rules and better reects
reality where the truth of any statement is often not yes or no,
but somewhere in-between.
Fuzzy logic is currently used with health and usage data to
monitor engine condition states, where noise associated with
randomness may hamper a diagnosis. Extending this application
to training may provide an eective means by which malfunction
symptoms can be presented to the trainee. It is proposed
that fuzzy logic be used to inference component level output
variables based upon input variables that are not crisp but have
an element of randomness or fuzziness associated with them.
This paper will investigate the use of fuzzy logic in conjunction
with object orientated component level models to provide
exible and realistic malfunction training throughout the
spectrum of the ight envelope. Furthermore, it will investigate
the means by which such models can be veried to reduce
negative training risk and provide a basis for accreditation.
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STREAM 3 MANUFACTURING
11001130
PRESENTATION 11
Real-Time Decision Making for Asset
Management Using Simulation
James Baulch and Erik Van Voorthuysen
In a world where capital resources are a scarce commodity,
return on assets and OEE rule supreme. Organizations need
to continually chase process reliability and performance to
remain competitive. Textbooks abound with maintenance and
process improvement strategies and frameworks. Outside of
strongly regulated sectors such as the airline and petrochemical
industries, maintenance has traditionally been regarded as a
necessary evil and continues to escape the attention of senior
management.
With increasingly sophisticated simulation platforms, including
Arena (Rockwell) and Delmia (Dassault Systemes), it is possible
to design models that mimic closely the behaviour of complex
systems and allow the user to predict future performance and
cost based on historically observed behaviour and current
decisions. On top of this, these models need to incorporate a
user-interface for decision-making in real time. Examples of
real-time decisions include repair versus replace, matching of
rotables, improvement action, how many times to overhaul
before discarding, level of opportunistic maintenance, level
of managed condition, level of stores, optimum level of
maintenance capacity and many more.
Two simulation models have been developed, one that deals
with the maintenance of a complex and high speed industrial
process and the other for improvement of this industrial process
based on reliability condition, performance and critical process
data. The rst model is machine-centric whereas the second
model is process-centric.
This paper describes in some detail the philosophy and working
behind these models.
PRESENTATION 28
Simulation-Based Design of Robotic
Systems
Shardi Mohammad Munshi and Erik Van Voorthuysen
The design of novel robotic joints and manipulators requires the
integration and synthesis of knowledge and information from a
number of dierent sources and disciplines including mechanics,
control theory, tribology, reliability and manufacturability.
In order to increase the likelihood of a successful design in a
shorter period of time, a simulation-based methodology is
proposed and is currently being employed in the design of
a low-cost but high performance pneumatic manipulator.
The methodology is based on an iterative process of system
modications leading to improved successful designs of robotic
systems.
Pneumatic actuation has been exploited in the past decades
as a low cost alternative to electrical and hydraulic actuation.
Understanding the behavior of these systems with dierent
controllers will assist to expand their applications, especially in
robotics.
A challenge that the simulation model addresses is to
understand the performance of pneumatic cylinders operated
with two dierent valve congurations, in this case, a single 5/3
way proportional valve and a conguration of 4 3/2 way low cost
electrical on/o solenoid valves . These valves act as the main
control elements in the system.
A simulation program using Matlab/Simulink was developed and
tested with a PD controller to test the performance of a 6 DOF
robot manipulator actuated using a single pneumatic cylinder, as
the driving force, for each joint.
The simulation model is based on several physical laws
describing the pneumatic system as the valve(s) open and
close providing pressure dierence between the two chambers
causing the pneumatic cylinder to actuate.
Preliminary designs arising from the models are manufactured
using Rapid-Prototyping technology. These components
are subsequently experimentally tested and the resulting
experimental data is fed back into the simulation model.
This design methodology can be used for system ne tuning;
design feature modications and multi variable optimization
such as accuracy, speed and force control.
STREAM 3 EDUCATION
12001230
PRESENTATION 4
Maximising Eciency of Training
Outcomes Using Inexpensive 3D
Technologies
Michael Garrett and Mark McMahon
The technical development of computer-generated three
dimensional (3D) environments has been heavily inuenced by
innovations within the gaming industry, where high consumer
demand has driven rapid advancements in associated hardware
and software technologies (Lewis & Jacobson, 2002). These
technologies have not gone unnoticed by advocates of serious
games, who have recognised their potential to represent three-
dimensional spaces realistically and authentically for simulation
and learning purposes (Susi, Johannesson & Backlund, 2007).
A wide variety of low cost software technologies are available
for this purpose which combine an integrated development
environment with a rendering engine in a single package which
can be run on standard desktop computer hardware. In this
manner, inexpensive 3D gaming technologies can be developed
as viable learning and training platforms for situations where
real world instruction may not be practical, feasible, safe, or cost
eective (Baylis, 2000). Such platforms can be developed without
the need for intimate programming knowledge or experience
owing to the development tools and built-in scripting languages
that are often bundled with game engines (Dupire, Topol &
Cubaud, 2005; Herz & Macedonia, 2002).
This paper reports on one such application of inexpensive
gaming technologies for the development of a 3D mining
simulation for occupational health and safety training. A
conceptual framework, referred to as the Simulation, User, and
Problem-based Learning (SUPL) approach, was developed to
guide design based on factors relating to the user, the problem-
solving task, and the 3D simulation environment.
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Using the design and development process for this product
as a case study, the paper and presentation will identify how
future projects may benet from such an approach that provides
meaningful training outcomes through an appropriate design
methodology using inexpensive and accessible technology.
STREAM 4 RESOURCES / INFRASTRUCTURE
10301200
PRESENTATION 96
Leveraging Simulation Systems by
Separating your Concerns
Douglas Bester and Apolon Ivankovic
We demonstrate an approach to leverage simulation modules
from stand-alone models to create company-wide sustainable
systems for the long-term. There has been a recent surge
in the ability for simulations to be run and visualised using
standard computer technology. The advent of multiple core
processors and aordable multi-processor graphic cards now
allow complex systems to be modelled in real time and in 3D.
This technology has been out of reach for many mainstream
industries without signicant budgets. With the appropriate
architecture, simulation systems can be extended to cover a
wide range of areas, such as sales and marketing, construction,
safety and training, remote operation and fault nding. This can
signicantly reduce the investment required and add greater
value to the entire organisation. We illustrate an approach to
leveraging simulation systems by separating concerns using a
project completed during 2010 for the loading of iron ore in the
Pilbara region of Western Australia. The paper explores concepts
like object servers, object replication, custom protocols and
separating the visualisation layer from the data.
PRESENTATION 27
An Assessment of the Maturity of
Computer-Based Simulation in the
Mining Industry
Phillip Stothard and Philip Swadling
The 21st Century Mining Industry in Australia, is clearly a high-
technology industry. However, the maturity of computer based
simulation within the mining industry when compared to other
industries is unclear. This paper makes a comparison between
Mining, Aviation, Defence, Rail, and Health to gain an assessment
of the maturity of computer based simulation within mining.
Computer based simulation technology has developed steadily
over recent decades, and has been implemented into other
industries at varying levels of complexity, sophistication and
success. There have also been rapid advances in hardware and
software technology that potentially make simulation accessible
to all sizes and types of industry. The number of practitioners
with development experience has also increased signicantly,
allowing both low-cost, mass market and high-end small market
computer based simulations to be developed successfully for
numerous industries, including Mining.
When Mining is compared to other industries the acceptance
of simulation appears to be immature, particularly in the area
of mine-site simulation for risk and hazard reduction, training
simulation course design, operational command and control
and a formal framework for implementation. This is a concern
as interactive computer based visualisation and simulation
for mining has been available globally since the early nineties
and in use in other industries such as aviation for example for
considerably longer. Hence the question asked by this paper
is, What is the level of maturity of interactive computer based
simulation in the mining industry when compared to other
industries? The objective is to make a preliminary assessment
that will lead to some tangible action that will engage the wider
mining industry.
The paper reviews the development, deployment and
implementation of some of the many interactive visualisations
and simulations developed for the mining industry to date.
The outcome of the paper is a basic qualitative maturity model
that summarises interactive computer based simulation in the
mining industry as of 2010. The model compares a chronological
development of mining simulations. While Aviation is considered
the most mature industry overall, the main industry chosen
for comparison is Defence because the risks that need to be
controlled in Mining and Defence are quite similar.
The paper is authored by members of the Simulation Industry
Association of Australia Resources and Infrastructure Special
Interest Group.
PRESENTATION 10
Development and Evaluation of
Omniwalker for Navigating Immersive
Computer Based Mine Simulations
Minghadi Suryajaya, Chris Fowler, Tim Lambert, Phillip
Stothard, David Laurence and Chris Daly
The University of New South Wales, School of Mining
Engineering is performing research using an experimental
OmniWalker platform for Navigating Immersive Computer
Based Mine Simulations. This driver for this project is that many
computer based simulations rely on conventional navigation
methods such as a joystick and keyboard to enable the user to
navigate around the virtual environment. In most cases, this
constrains the user and prevents them from actually walking
around in the synthesized environment as they would in a real
environment. In some instances of safety oriented simulations
this may create a false impression of the diculty of the tasks
to be undertaken and the complexity of the environment. The
research has found that many state-of-the-art locomotion
systems such as omnidirectional treadmills have a huge barrier
to entry due to the high cost of ownership. In some cases, safety
may also be an issue as the slow response of such mechanical
devices renders them unable to adjust to sudden changes in
walking speed. In this paper, the University of New South Wales,
School of Mining Engineering presents a preliminary study of our
recently-developed OmniWalker in terms of its eectiveness in
delivering improved VR simulation. The device itself is relatively
inexpensive and very robust for regular usage. The paper
presents details of system development and of a preliminary
study on the eectiveness of the OmniWalker in underground
coal safety training.
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STREAM 4 TRANSPORTATION
12001230
PRESENTATION 6
A Simplied Simulation of Gas Turbine
Engine Operation
John Olsen and John Page
This work outlines the analysis used in simulating the operation
of a gas turbine engine. Its starting point is the analysis of
Cumpsty (2006). Cumpstys work suggests that it is possible to
simplify the behavior of gas turbine engines enormously by
taking into account aspects that are common to all turbine maps,
i.e., the collapse of curves representing diering constant non-
dimensional spool rotational speed. As a result, the relationship
between the pressure ratio and the non-dimensional mass ow
rate as well as the pressure ratio and the isentropic eciency
are essentially independent of the rotational speed of the spool.
Following Cumpsty, we develop equations to enable us to
calculate both pressure ratios and normalised mass ow rates
through compressors so that we can plot the behavior of these
engines on compressor maps.
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> NOTES
Consec Conference Management
PO Box 3127
BMDC ACT 2617
Telephone: +61 2 6251 0675
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Email: simtect2010 consec.com.au
Conference Manager: Barry Neame
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SimTecT 2010 is held under the auspices of the
Simulation Industry Association of Australia (SIAA) Ltd
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