”
The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It
is intended for information purposes only, and may not be
incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any
material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in
making purchasing decision. The development, release, and timing
of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products
remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.
Ara Shakian
Principal Product Manager
Oracle Server Technologies
Take the Guesswork out
of Database I/O Tuning
10
Capacity
0 /DB Admin
With ASM
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
(estimated)
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
Strategic Research Corporation
What Guesswork?
• Configuring storage for a DB depends on too many
variables
• Which data to put on which disk
• LUN configurations
• DB application workloads
• OLTP, DSS, Batch vs. On-Line
• Tradeoffs between available options
• Bandwidth
• Sequential and random access
• Workload types
Optimizing Sequential
Access
• The key to efficient sequential IO is to make
positioning time small relative to transfer time
• Positioning time is overhead
• Make: Transfer time >= 5 * Positioning time
• Implies disk access must be at least 1MB in size
IO S iz e P o s itio n in g X fe r % T im e
T im e T im e X fe r in g
6 4 K 1 0 m s 3 m s 2 3 %
2 5 6 K 1 0 m s 1 2 m s 5 5 %
1 M 1 0 m s 5 0 m s 8 3 %
2 M 1 0 m s 1 0 0 m s 9 1 %
of disk’ capacity)
Outer Edge 22 MB/sec
• Disks hold more data towards Outer Quarter 21 MB/sec
outside edges than towards Mid Point 19 MB/sec
center Inner Quarter 16 MB/sec
• Transfer rate is faster for data Inner Edge 11 MB/sec
near outside
A. ASM mirroring
B. Hardware RAID 1 (mirroring)
C. Hardware RAID 5 (Parity Protection)
D. Both ASM mirroring & hardware RAID
PRO PRO
• Best redundancy • Requires less capacity
• Best performance CON
• Low recovery overhead • Less redundancy
CON • Less performance
• Requires higher capacity • High recovery overhead
ASM Mirroring Protection
Answer: A & B
ASM & RAID striping are
complimentary!
ASM Striping Only
Oracle DB size: 1TB PRO CON
(1TB Data File, 2TB Flash • Drives evenly distributed • Not well balanced across
Recovery Area) for Data & FRA ALL disks
• Higher bandwidth • LUN size limited to disk
Storage Configuration: • Allows small incremental size
8 x Trays with 12 x 73GB disks growth (73GB)
per array • No drive contention
(Total capacity: 7TB)
Database Environment:
• 9iRAC vs. 10gRAC 72:00:00
Elapsed Time
( no RAID0)
10g R2 RAC+ASM
9i/LVM
36:00:00 ASM
ASM+RAID0
10g R2 RAC
24:00:00 ASM+RAID0
Benchmark Environment:
Sqlbench – Most intensive sql queries
12:00:00
Indexbench – collection of drops &
re-builts in parallel
0:00:00
IndexBench1 IndexBench2 IndexBench3 IndexBench4 SQLBEnch1 SQLBEnch2 SQLBEnch3 SQLBEnch4
Benchmark type
RAID 5 (7+1) or
Linear scaling from 200MB/sec to 1600/MB/sec
RAID 1 LUNs
• Saturates FC HBAs – a good thing
• RAID 5 (7+1) DS8000 IBM storage with 16 LUNs
• Modified tcp-h DSS query (read only)
• 2/4/6/8 nodes (AIX LPARS)
• LUN configuration as shown
Database 1 Database 2
LUN 1 LUN 16
Data1
FRA1
Data2
…….
FRA2
How Many Disk Groups per
Database?
Data Disk Group • 2 Disk Groups are recommended
Data, redo log, control file types • Backup for each other
• Leverage maximum of disk
Flash Recovery Area
per disk group
Disk Group
Archive log, backup, temp • Exceptions
files types
• Additional Disk Groups for
different capacity or
performance characteristics
• Different storage tiers
Should I Consolidate Multiple
DBs in a Disk Group?
LAN
• YES
RAC 10g 10g • Shared storage across several
ASM ASM ASM databases
• RAC and Single Instance
Data DG FRA DG • Benefits:
A ERP Database • Higher storage utilization
S CRM Database • Lower cost
M HR Database • Higher performance
• More LUNs/DG
• Simplified and
Centralized management
It’s Real Simple!
You Don’t have to Guess Anymore
• Use Oracle Database 10g ASM for volume
and file management
• External RAID protection when possible
• Create LUNs using
• Outside half of disk drives for highest performance
• Small disk, high rpm (I.e. 73GB/15k rpm)
• Maximize number of spindles in your disk
group
Oracle Database 10g and ASM do the rest!
Hundreds of ASM Customers
In Production
Amazon.com
Advance America
Just Remember
ASM is the realization of the
S.A.M.E. methodology plus more…
• ASM automates to reduce human errors
• Simplifies configuration choices
• Eliminates workload type dependencies
• Optimizes IO bandwidth
• Reduces cost
• Exhibit Demos
• Oracle and partner booths
• ASM specific sessions
• 5 ASM specific presentations
• 20+ RAC & ASM presentations
• X-treme Lab RAC, ASM & Grid Control
ASM Featured in OOW 2005
ID Time Room Title
S1973 Tuesday 304 – South Amazon: Using Oracle Real Application Clusters
11:00 AM and Oracle Database 10g Automatic Storage
Management to Enable Scaling on Linux with Low-
Cost Storage
S943 Tuesday 104 – South Database Storage Consolidation - 10g Release 2
11:00 AM Automatic Storage Management update
S1955 Thursday 305 – South Oracle Real Application Clusters & Automatic
9:00 AM Storage Management: Best Practices
S1949 Thursday 103 – South Take the Guesswork Out of Database I/O Tuning
10:30 AM
ASM OTN Web Site:
http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/database/asm/index.html
Take the Guesswork out of
Database I/O Tuning