TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS -GRADE FOUR (SAMPLE SIX)TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN. PART DICTATION [15 MIN.

.] Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE. PART LISTENING COMPREHENSION [15 MIN.] In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet. SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation. 1. What did Karl the criminal mentioned in the case have as her front of the drug ring? A. a drug shop. B. A clothes shop. C. A doll shop. D. A toy shop. 2. What was the sentence of the court for Karl' s drug gang? A. 107 months in custody. B. 113 months in custody. C. 117 months in custody. D. 123 months in custody. 3. How many countries are the Nigerian organized criminals active in? A. more than 60. B. Less than 60. C. More than 70. D. Less than 50. Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation. 4. When did many more Chinese arrive in California? A. in the early 1850's. B. in the late 1850's C. in the early1860's. D. in the late 1860's. 5. Why were these Chinese sorely needed at this time? A. The work was strenuous. B. The work was dangerous. C. The railroad company couldn't find other laborers for the job. D. All of the above. 6. What is wrong about the difficulty these Chinese encountered? A. They were blamed for working for lower wages and taking jobs away from white men. B. Anti-Chinese riots broke out everywhere. C. Chinese were barred from using the courts. D. They were barred from becoming American citizens. 7. When was the immigration of Chinese laborers stopped? A. 1882. B. 1883. C. 1884. D. 1885. Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.

8. What's the purpose of the husband when he first studied the skills of stealing? A. To steal to make living. B. To write a book. C. To be an entertainer. D. To warn people to be careful with thieves. 9. Where did he entertain troops before? A. In Vietnam. B. In Cambodia. C. In Laos. D. In Burma. 10. When will you be likely to be stolen from? A. When you are walking fast. B. When you look confused. C. When you hide your wallet in a pouch underneath clothing. D. When you are acting with a purpose. SECTION B PASSAGES In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage. 11. What does this passage want to tell us? A. Warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experience. B. Advise young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writer. C. Show young people it' s unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealth and fame. D. Encourage young people to pursue a writing career. 12. Why did the author begin to doubt himself after the first year of his writing career? A. He wasn't able to produce a single book. B. He hadn't seen a change for the better. C. He wasn't able to have a rest for a whole year. D. He found his dream would never come true. 13. What is the "shadowland of hope" in the writer's point of view? A. The wonderful one often dreams about. B. The bright future that one is looking forward to. C. The state of uncertainty before one's final goal is reached. D. A world that exists only in one's imagination. Questions 14 to 16 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage. 14. What will be most effective about personal interviewing? A. When people to be interviewed are located in a big area. B. When people to be interviewed are located in a mountain. C. When people to be interviewed are located in a small area. D. When people to be interviewed are located abroad. 15. How do you understand the phrase "an invasion of privacy" according to the passage? A. An unpleasant conversation. B. A challenge to interviewee's professional skills. C. An interference with interviewee's personal affairs. D. An interference with interviewee's hobby. 16. What is one of the advantages of the personal interviewing? A. It is very interesting. B. It is very exciting.

C. It is somewhat truthful. D. It is somewhat superficial. Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage. 17. The information superhighway can be applied to the following aspects, except which? A. Education B. Conversation C. Shopping D. riving a car 18. Which of the following is true about the information superhighway? A. It will get rid of the need to shop at stores. B. It is possible to go shopping for shirts in Hong Kong via the information superhighway. C. It can perform the surgical operation. D. It will do most of things you normally do now. 19. What can we learn from the passage? A. It is hard to tell how to protect the privacy of Internet users. B. Financial institutions cannot cope with criminal behavior. C. Internet has thousand passwords. D. Nobody knows your buying habits. 20. Why are computerized systems acceptable and helpful? A. They can play games with us. B. They can make money. C. They can spot patterns of criminal behavior. D. They can issue credit cards. SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Questions 21-24 are based on the following news from the BBC or the VOA. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the two questions. Now listen to the news. 21. The meeting of international donor community is held for______ days. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 22. The meeting in Japan is aimed at______. A. calling for more nations to contribute money B. collecting more money C. making a plan for East Timor s reconstruction D. sharing the required money among donor countries 23. The World Bank is seeking______ million dollars for the reconstruction of East Timor. A. 100 B. 200 C. 300 D. 350 24. Japan's aid will be donated through a fund set up by______. A. the WTO B. the World Bank C. the UN D. the World Bank and the UN Questions 2526 are based on the following news from the BBC or the VOA. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the three questions. Now listen to the news. 25. What is the news mainly about? A. Two of the prisoners released by India as part of the deal to resolve the hijack of an Indian Airlines plane have appeared in Pakistan. B. Two of the prisoners released by Pakistan as part of the deal to resolve the hijack of an Indian Airlines plane have appeared in India. C. Two of the prisoner went to Karachi and Muzaffarabad in Pakistan-controlled Kashmir. D. A hijack happened. 26. What did Azhard Masood's release show?

A. India is strong enough. B. India is not as strong as many people think. C. Hijackers should be praised. D. He is a hero. Questions 2728 are based on the following news from the BBC or the VOA. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the three questions. Now listen to the news. 27.______people died in the incident late Wednesday. A.1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 28. What has been indicated by this incident? A. South Africa is a non-racial democracy. B. Racism is still a problem in South Africa. C. Police in South Africa react quickly to any criminal acts. D. South Africa is still a dangerous place. Questions 2930 are based on the following news from the BBC or the VOA. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the two questions. Now listen to the news. 29. According to the UNICEF report, great progress has been made in the protection of world's children from______. A. some childhood diseases B. AIDS C. wars D. forced labor 30. In the last decade, ______million children died as the result of armed conflicts. A. 2 B. 6 C. 8 D. 14 PART CLOZE [15 MIN.] Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet. The family is the center of most traditional Asians' lives. Many people worry about their families welfare, reputation, and honor. Asian families are often (31) , including several generations related by (32) or marriage living in the same home. An Asian person's misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family-including the dead (33) . Traditional Chinese, among many other Asians, respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty (34) them. Children repay their parents' (35) by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a (36) part of life in China. (37) ,taking care of the aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous (38) in the United States, where aging and family support are not (39) highly. (40) , in the youth-oriented United States, growing old is seen as a bad thing, and many old people do not receive respect. Pilipinos, the most Americanized of the Asians, are (41) extremely family-oriented. They are (42) to helping their children and will sacrifice greatly for their children to get an education. (43) , the children are devoted to their parents, who often live nearby. Grown children who leave the country for economic reasons (44) send large parts of their income home to their parents. The Vietnamese family (45) people currently (46) as well as the spirits of the dead and of the as-yet unborn. Any (47) or actions are done from family considerations, not individual desires. People's behavior is fudged (48) whether it brings shame or pride to the family. The Vietnamese do not particularly believe in self-reliance; in this way, they are the (49) of people in the United States. Many Vietnamese think that their actions in this life will influence their (50) in the next life. 31. A. enlarged B. extended C. expanded D. lengthened 32. A. history B. interaction C. blood D. bond

33. A. pioneer B. settlers C. immigrant D. ancestors 34. A. toward B. for C. of D. on 35. A. contributions B. sufferings C. sacrifices D. tributes 36. A. formal B. natural C. regular D. peculiar 37. A. In comparison B. To the same extent C. In a way D. In contrast 38. A. relief B. responsibility C. burden D. business 39. A. rewarded B. honored C. regarded D. complimented 40. A. In fact B. Of course C. And yet D. As a result 41. A. but B. further C. still D. only 42. A. confined B.dedicated C. corresponded D.exposed 43. A. in turn B. in exchange C. in vain D. in debt 44. A. occasionally B. intentionally C. typically D. steadily 45. A. insists on B. consists of C. persists in D. resists to 46. A. living B. lively C. alive D. life 47. A. incidences B. decisions C. accidents D. expedition 48. A. on B. for C. by D. in 49. A. counterpart B. opposite C. competitor D. opponent 50. A. station B. status C. stature D. state PART GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY [15 MIN.] There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet. 51. He's______ as a" bellyacher" -- he' s always complaining about something. A. who is known B. whom is known C. what is known D. which is known 52. He kept his head at that critical moment; otherwise the accident______. A. would happen B. happened C. would have been happened D. would have happened 53. By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular ______children as Coca-Cola. A. for B. it C. one D. among 54. Sick ______she was, she has to prepare food for the whole family. A. although B. as C. because D. for 55. Bill always does______ he pleases, without regard to the feelings of others.

A. however B. that C. whatever D. which 56. If you have really been studying English for so long, it' s about time you ______ able to write letters in English. A. should be B. were C. must be D. are 57. Britain's press is unusual______ it is divided into two very different types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press. A. in how B. in what C. in which D. in that 58. It's time __ about the noise pollution late at night. A. something will be done B. everything is done C. something was done D. everything will be done 59. By the year 2000, production in the area is to double ______ of 1990. A. that B. it C. one D. what 60. He always tries his best to complete it on time. A. However the task is. B. However hard the task is. C. Though hard the task is. D. Though hard is the task. 61. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper ______ it closely. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. being followed 62. Bob was completely ______ by the robber' s disguise. A. taken away B. taken down C. taken to D. taken in 63. The letter seemed ______ by a child. A. to have written B. to write C. to be writing D. to have been written 64. I don' t doubt ______ he will come on time. A. whether B. which C. what D. that 65. ______is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages. A. It is the sun and not the earth B. Being the sun and not the earth C. The sun and not the earth D. That the sun and not the earth 66. By the end of the class, some students______ green food. A. have found B. will be finding C. will have found D. are finding 67. Indeed, almost every scientist now finds it is impossible to read all the works relevant to his own subject,______. extensively outside of it. A. much more to read B. much less to read C. much less reading D. still more reading 68. Much as______, I couldn't lend him the money because I simply didn't have that much Spare cash. A. I would have liked to B. I would like to have C. I should have to like D. I should have liked to 69. By ______computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars. A. coarse B. rude C. rough D. crude 70. The higher the standard of living and the greater the national wealth, ______ A. the greater amount of paper is used B. the greater is the amount of paper is used C. the greater the amount of paper used D. the amount of paper is used is greater 71. He ______unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful. A. may have acted B. must have acted C. should act D, would act 72. We have ______medical service. A. priceless B. free charge C. no charge D. free 73. The prisoner has been ______of many privileges that average citizens enjoy. A. ensured B. informed C. deprived D. convinced 74. The problem has ______simply because you didn't follow my instructions.

A. raised B. aroused C. risen D. arisen 75. The problem of ______to select as his successor was quickly disposed of. A. what B. whom C. which D. how 76. It is up to the government to ______the rights of individual citizens. A. withdraw B. withhold C. upgrade D. uphold 77. The notice about the English evening ______many students who have interest in English. A. impelled B. intrigued C. provoked D. induced 78. The leader went his own way in ______of the public opinion, which aroused great anger among the people. A. defiance B. reflection C. obedience D. observation 79. Could you just give me a hand? Let's ______the car into motion; it got a flameout just now. A. shove B. nudge C. prompt D. poke 80. The river was______ with waste from that factory. Some measures must be taken to stop its production. A. corrupted B. consumed C. contaminated D. infected PART READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN.] In this section there are several reading passages followed by twenty questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer. Mark your answers on your answer sheet. TEXT A Questions 81 to 83 are based on the following passage. Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap food for our own population, the factor, farming industry also argues that "hungry nations are benefiting from advances made by the poultry ( ) industry" . In fact, rather than helping the fight against malnutrition() in "hungry nations," the spread of factory farming has, inevitably aggravated the problem. Large-scale intensive meat and poultry production is a waste of food resources. This is because more protein has to be fed to animals in the form of vegetable matter than can ever be recovered in the form of meat. Much of the food value is lost in the animal' s process of digestion and cell replacement. Neither, in the case of chicken, can one eat feathers, blood, feet or head. In all, only about 44% of the live animal fits to be eaten as meat. This means one has to feed approximately 9 - 10 times as much food value to the animal than one can consume from the carcass. As a system for feeding the hungry, the effects can prove disastrous. At times of crisis, grain is the food of life. Nevertheless, the huge increase in poultry production throughout Asia and Africa continues. Normally British Or US firms are involved. For instance, an American based multinational company has this year announced its involvement in projects in several African countries. Britain' s largest suppliers chickens, Ross Breeders, are also involved in projects all over the world. Because such trade is good for exports, Western governments encourage it. In 1979, a firm in Bangladesh called Phoenix Poultry received a grant to set up a unit of 6,000 chickens and 18,000 laying hens. This almost doubled the number of poultry kept in the country all at once. But Bangladesh lacks capital, energy and food and has large numbers of unemployed. Such chicken-raising demands capital for building and machinery, extensive use of energy resources for automation, and involves feeding chickens with potential famine-relief protein food. At present, one of Bangladesh' s main imports is food grains, because the country is unable to grow enough food to feed its population. On what then can they possibly feed the chicken? 81. In this passage the author argues that______. A. efficiency must be raised in the poultry industry B. raising poultry can provide more protein than growing grain C. factory farming will do more harm than good to developing countries

D. hungry nations may benefit from the development of the poultry industry 82. According to the author, in factory, vegetable food______. A. is easy for chickens to digest B. is insufficient for the needs of poultry C. is fully utilized in meat and egg production D. is inefficiently converted into meat and eggs 83. What the last paragraph tells us is the author' s______. A. detailed analysis of the ways of raising poultry in Bangladesh B. great appreciation of the development of poultry industry in Bangladesh C. critical view on the development of the poultry industry in Bangladesh D. practical suggestion for the improvement of the poultry industry in Bangladesh TEXT B Questions 84 to 86 are based on the following passage. George had stolen some money, but the police had caught him and he had been put in prison. Now his trial was about to begin, and he felt sure that he would be found guilty and sent to prison for a long time. Then he discovered that an old friend of his was one of the members of the jury at his trial. Of course, he did not tell anybody, but he managed to see his friend secretly one day. He said to him," Jim, I know that the jury will find me guilty of having stolen the money. I cannot hope to be found not guilty of taking it that would be too much to expect. But I should be grateful to you for the rest of my life if you could persuade the other members of the jury to add a strong recommendation for mercy to their statement that they consider me guilty." "Well, George," answered Jim," I shall certainly try to do what I can for you as an old friend, but of course I cannot promise anything. The other eleven people on the jury look terribly strong-minded to me." George said that he would quite understand if Jim was not able to do anything for him and thanked him warmly for agreeing to help. The trial went on, and at last the time came for the jury to decide whether George was guilty or not. It took them five hours, but in the end they found George guilty, with a strong recommendation for mercy. Of course, George was very pleased, but he did not have a chance to see Jim for some time after the trial. At last, however, Jim visited him in prison, and George thanked him warmly and asked him how he had managed to persuade the other members of the jury to recommend mercy. "Well, George," Jim answered," as I thought, those eleven men were very difficult to persuade, but I managed in the end by tiring them out. Do you know, those fools had all wanted to find you not guilty!" 84. We are told that George expected Jim to help______ A. prove him innocent B. him turns over a new leaf C. lighten his punishment D. him escapes from prison 85. Which of the following is true about Jim? A. He covered up George' s guilt. B. He persuaded the jury to set George free. C. He told the jury that George was indeed guilty. D. He recommended severe punishment to give George a lesson. 86. The passage suggests that______ A. it was due to Jim that George was found guilty B. Jim did not do exactly what George asked him to do C. Jim asked his colleagues to recommend mercy D. Jim persuaded the jury to lighten George's punishment TEXT C Questions 87 to 89 are based on the following passage.

Run, Rabbits, Run From Greenwich to the Mall is good sport for all In its 13 years, the London Marathon has acquired a pedigree of excellence. That excellence is not just the awesome energy of the best runners and the smoothness of the organization, but also the quality of determination shown by all the competitors, male and female, able-bodied and disabled. When more than 26,000 gather at Greenwich tomorrow morning, only a few will be in the running to win the big prize money. The success of this event is that most of the athletes would be prepared to pay serious money just for the privilege of running the 26 miles 385 yards to The Mall past the most famous urban scenery in the world. The London Marathon has become one of Britain' s leading sports events. Since 1981, something like 45 million has been raised in individual sponsorship for charities. Tomorrow hundreds of thousands of people will line the route to cheer and to gasp in sympathetic participation. Millions will watch on television. Although they will be excited by the struggle for first place, they will also identify with the ordinary person trying to fulfill his or her physical potential. Many spectators will wonder whether next year they could complete the historic distance. That is how athletic dreams are born. If the London Marathon and the growth in interest in physical fitness have transformed the lives of many adults, it is also important that children should have the opportunity to fulfill their ability in individual competitive sports. Team games should be an essential ingredient of physical education in the national curriculum. However, coexisting with the playing of team games there should be an equal emphasis on the importance of individual competitive sports at all levels in schools. The Government must be careful that in insisting on the value of team games in schools, it does not ignore the value of individual activities, which are practiced throughout the world and form the basis of the Olympic Games. Many of the runners in the London Marathon tomorrow have found courage, fulfillment and fitness through training for the event. These are qualities that schoolchildren can, and should, acquire through a variety of demanding individual activities in physical education. 87. In order to enter the Marathon, participants must______. A. pay an entrance fee B. assemble in one specific area C. be able to run 26 miles, 385 yards D. compete for the right to take part 88. The main attraction of the Marathon for non-participant is______. A. the amount of money raised for charity B. the chance to take part the following year C. witnessing the contestants' determination D. a concern with the race' s history 89. According to the writer, the Government' s policy on physical education______. A. should not promote team games at all B. upholds the principles of the Olympic Games C. is active in producing successful Marathon participant D. encourage those qualities pursued by Marathon participants TEXT D Questions 90 to 92 are based on the following passage. Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age. People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.

Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives." The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information," says James Fazard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging." Most of us don' t need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness." Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work. Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted." The point is, you need to do both," Cohen says." Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size." 90. People who are cognitively healthy are those______. A. whose minds are alert and receptive B. who are highly intelligent C. who can remember large amounts of information D. who are good at recognizing different sounds 91. The findings of James and other scientists in their work______. A. remain a theory to be further proved B. have been challenged by many other experts C. are practiced by the researchers themselves D. have been generally accepted 92. What is the passage mainly about? A. How biochemical changes occur in the human brain. B. Why people should receive special mental training as they age. C. How intellectual activities influence brain health. D. Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally. TEXT E Questions 93 to 95 are based on the following passage. Taste is such a subjective matter that we don' t usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyone' s is that it' s one person' s opinion. But because the two big cola companies -- CocaCola and Pepsi Cola --are marketed so aggressively, we're wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either CocaCola Or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting. We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either C0caCola Classic or Pepsi, Diet Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought they' d have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand. We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants' choices with what mere guesswork could have accomplished. Getting ail four samples right was a tough test, but not too though, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified theft brand of choice in all four trials. The diet cola drinkers did a little worse -- only 7 out of 27 identified all four samples correctly. While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price. 93. According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to______.

A. find out the role taste preference plays in a person' s drinking B. reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers C. show that a person' s opinion about taste is mere guesswork D. compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks 94. The underlined word" burnout" (Para. 5) here refers to the state of______. A. being seriously burnt in the skin. B. being unable to burn for lack of fuel C. being badly damaged by fire D. being unable to function because of excessive use 95. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to______. A. show that taste preference is highly subjective B. argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy C. emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other D. recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas TEXT F Questions 96 to 100 are based on the following passage. Sociology is defined as the study of human groups. In the broadest sense, sociology is concerned with understanding patterns of human relationships, their causes and their effects. Unlike psychology, sociology does not attempt to explain the behavior of a particular individual under certain circumstances. Rather, sociology focuses on social trends or other influences that affect whole groups or categories of people. Thus, while a psychologist might counsel an individual who feels worthless after retiring from a long and successful career, a sociologist would be more likely to examine societal attitudes that may contribute to the loss of self-esteem experienced by many retired persons in our society. The emphasis that sociology places on human groups rather than individuals stems directly from the work of Emile Durkheim, a pioneering sociologist of the nineteenth century. Durkheim likened the nature of a social group to bronze, a unique metal that is formed when the metals tin, copper, and lead are melted and mixed together. Durkheim noted that bronze is much harder than any of its component metals. In the same way, he reasoned, the characteristics of a social group viewed as a whole cannot be determined simply by examining the characteristics of its individual members. Nor can individuals be understood strictly in terms of the individuals themselves; when people come together as members of a particular group, the group exerts considerable pressure on the individual to conform to what it considers acceptable ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Besides developing a theoretical foundation for the study of social groups, Durkheim also conducted research de- signed to corroborate his theoretical work. Using landmark research methods, Durkheim collected and analyzed data from a number of countries that kept records on suicides. He wanted to show that social environment may have a profound effect even on those behaviors we consider most personal. The results of his study showed that suicide rates do indeed vary according to specific social characteristics. For example, Durkheim found that members of religions with strong prohibitions against suicide are less likely to commit suicide than are members of religious groups with weaker prohibitions. He also found a lower incidence of suicide among married persons than among persons who were single or divorced. Taken together, the findings of Durkheim' s study provided convincing evidence that social groups do indeed exert pressures that control or regulate the behavior of individuals, including deeply personal behaviors. Durkheim' s rigorous research methods captured the attention of sociologists around the world, and were perhaps even more important to the future development of sociology than any specific research results could be. Within a short time, his specific approach to formulating and testing social theory became a model that guided the work of nearly all sociologists. This assured Emile Durkheim a lasting place as one of the key figures in the history of sociology. 96. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the selection? A. Both the social group theory and the scientific research methods developed by Durkheim have contributed

much to the field of sociology. B. Durkheim believed that individual members of a group strongly influence the group' s ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. C. The research study conducted by Durkheim provided strong evidence that suicide rates vary among members of different social groups. D. Through his research, Durkheim made great strides in distinguishing sociology from psychology. 97. The writer's main purpose in writing this selection is to______. A. outline the steps Durkheim followed in conducting his research study B. describe the ways in which Durkheim' s work has influenced sociology C. persuade the reader that social groups control most of the behaviors of their individual members D. explain the differences between sociology and psychology 98. According to the selection, how do sociologists and psychologists differ? A. Sociologists are more concerned with explaining behavior than are psychologists. B. Psychologists focus more on individuals than do sociologists. C. Sociologists spend more time helping people solve their problems than do psychologists. D. Psychologists are more interested in understanding patterns of human relationships than are sociologists. 99. In comparing social groups to bronze, Durkheim wished to illustrate the idea that______. A. a social group has characteristics that differ from those of its individual members B. social groups are made up of three major component parts acting together C. each social group is a unique entity that is unlike any other social group D. social groups are extremely difficult to break apart once they have been formed 100. Which of the following best defines the word model as it is used in the last paragraph of the selection? A. one of two or more alternative styles B. an artist' s subject C. a small copy of an object D. a plan to be imitated PART WRITING [45 MIN.] SECTION A COMPOSITION [35 MIN.] Write on your ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: In the past, college students did not have to pay the tuition fee, instead the government provided most of the money to run all national universities and colleges. My View on College Students' Paying the Tuition Fee You are to write in three parts: In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement. In the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. SECTION B NOTE -- WRITING [10 MIN.] Write in your ANSWER SHEET ONE a note of about 50-60 words to a friend of yours based on the following given situation: One of your classmates has won the first prize in an English Speech Contest. Write him or her a note expressing your sincere congratulations. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. ()

1.D 2. D 3. D A 11.D 12. B

4. C 13. C

5. A 14. B

6. C 15. C

7. A 16. A

8. A 17. D

9. B 18. D

10. 19. B

20. A 21. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. B 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. B 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. A 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. B 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. B 50. B 51. A 52. D 53. D 54. A 55. B 56. D 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. A 61. B 62. B 63. B 64. C 65. C 66. C 67. C 68. C 69. B 70. A 71. A 72. A 73. B 74. B 75. D 76. D 77. B 78. A 79. A 80. C 81. B 82. A 83. D 84. C 85. A 86. C 87. C 88. B 89. C 90. A 91. C 92. D 93. D 94. A 95. D 96. D 97. B 98. C 99. A 100. B PART Dictation In its most extreme form, poverty is a lack of basic human needs, such as adequate and nutritious food, clothing, housing, clean water, and health services./Extreme poverty can cause terrible suffering and death,/and even poverty can prevent people from realizing many of their desires./The world' s poorest people--many of whom live in developing areas of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe--struggle daily for food, shelter, and other necessities./They often suffer from severe malnutrition, infectious disease outbreaks, famine, and war./In wealthier countries--such as the United States, Canada, Japan, and those in Western Europe-- the effects of poverty may include poor nutrition, mental illness, drug dependence, crime, and high rates of disease./Extreme poverty, which threatens people' s health or lives, is also known as destitution or absolute poverty./Relative poverty is the condition of having fewer resources or less income than others within a society or country, or compared to worldwide averages./ PART II Listening Comprehension Section A CONVERSATIONS Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. F: Mr. Franklin, in recent years, Nigeria's traffickers have become key players in the global narcotics trade. Could you use a case to show how they carry on their business? M: In June 1996, our investigator began tapping four telephone lines in the Chicago area, the taps revealed that a clothes shop run by an Nigerian women, Karl, was actually a front for a worldwide drug ring, bringing heroin from Thailand and Cambodia to the United States. The drug was resold from the clothes shop to Nigerian wholesalers in a trade worth an estimated value of $120 million a year. F: When was she arrested? M: On an autumn day in 1996, law enforcement officers in Chicago arrested Kafi and 20 other Nigerians. The same day, in coordinated raids in New York, Detroit, London, Paris, Amsterdam and Bangkok, police seized a dozen more people linked with the drug ring. Eventually, 27 people, most Nigerians, were indicted. F: What was the court's decision? M: In August1998, Karl was sentenced to 117 moths in custody for conspiring to import and possess with intent to distribute heroin. But as a matter of fact, that gang was just the tip of an iceberg. F: Is there any statistics? M: Today, Nigerian organized criminals are active in no fewer than 60 countries. In the past five years they have been implicated in over 1,200 narcotics smuggling cases, involving several hundred kilos of heroin and cocaine. F: How do these Nigerians successfully smuggle cocaine for so many times? M: Well, Customs officers call them "stuffers and swallowers" because, typically, Nigerian smugglers ingest or insert into body cavities between 60 and 70 rubber condoms, each containing around ten grams of heroin or cocaine. Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. M: In the early 1860's many more Chinese arrived in California. Was there any improvement for Chinese's living conditions? F: Oh, no. This time the men were imported as work crews to construct the first transcontinental railroad. They

were sorely needed because the work was so strenuous and dangerous, and it was carried on in such a remote part of the country that the railroad company could not find other laborers for the job. As their predecessors, these Chinese were almost all males. M: And I guess they, too, encountered a great deal of prejudice? F: Exactly. The hostility grew especially strong after the railroad project was completed, and the imported laborers returned to California--thousands of them, all out of work. M: And their days were even harder? F: Yes. Because there were so many more of them this time, these Chinese drew even more attention than the earlier group did. They were so very different in every respect. M: I think so. Like their physical appearance, the long pigtail at the back of their otherwise shaved heads; the strange, non- Western clothes, the speech, and their religion. F: What's more, when times were hard, they were blamed for working for lower wages and taking jobs away from white men. Anti-Chinese riots broke out in several cities. Chinese were barred from using the courts and also from becoming American citizens. Finally, in 1882, the Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which stopped the immigration. Many Chinese returned to their homeland, and their numbers declined sharply in the early part of this century. Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. M: Hey, Linda, you won't believe this, but here is an article about a professional pickpocket Bob Arno and his wife travel the world to learn the fundamentals of stealing. F: Are they crazy? Don't they know that is breaking the law to steal? M: But they didn't do this in order to steal. At first, the husband, Bob, studied to improve his skills as an onstage pickpocket performer, and that is how he has made his living for most of his life. F: Where has he been to give performances? M: He started as a stage pickpocket in his native Sweden, and then entertained troops in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War. He became so skillful that the trade eventually led to him to a career performing at nearly every major Strip hotel as an entertainer. F: This is really a strange profession. Is he going to do this kind of performance all his life? M: No. Actually, he studies with the goal of documenting the artistic form of thievery that dates back almost to the beginning of time. He and his wife are in the process of putting together a book on all of the different pickpocket skills. F: I guess they hope that through their studies and the upcoming book, they can inform others on how to avoid becoming victims? M: That's right. F: Have they given any advice on how to prevent being stolen from? M: The simplest advice he offers is to be aware and to keep a wallet in a safe place, preferably in a pouch underneath clothing. F: I think it: it's common sense. M: But people tend to neglect it, especially when they are on vacation. He also suggests people should move at a fast pace, and act like you have a purpose. If you look confused, the pickpocket will sense that in a second and they will be all over you. F: That quite makes sense. Section B PASSAGES Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, but l also explain that there's a big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases they are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. "you've got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."

The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose works is never rewarded. When I left a 20year career in U.S. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer, I had no prospects at all. What ! did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building, it didn't even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used typewriter and felt like a good writer. After a year I still hadn't got a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write I had dreaded about it for years. I wasn't going to be one of those people who die wondering, what if?. I would keep putting my dream to the test-even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there. Questions 14 to 16 are based on the following passage. Personal interviewing is most effective when all the people to be interviewed are located in a relatively small geographical area. Otherwise, the time and expense spent in traveling from one person to another makes this type of interviewing economically impractical. Personal interviewing is usually used when the information needed is too complex to be gathered by another technique. For example, a problem being studied may require the interviewer to probe beyond the more superficial answers that might be obtained with another method. It is sometimes assumed that personal interviewing is the most accurate of all survey research techniques. Although personal interviewing may be accurate in many case, human errors may prevent a researcher from obtaining valid results. Questions perceived by the interviewee as an invasion of privacy or threatening in any way will probably produce false or partially true answers. Also, since the interviewer must interpret the respondent's statements, a certain amount of information loss results even though the respondent may be answering truthfully In spite of the problems, at least two major advantages are provided by this research technique. First, the alert interviewer can generally tell if the respondent is being truthful or if he or she is giving superficial or untrue responses. Second, the interviewer can rephrase questions, give more explanation, or probe more deeply if the initial questions do not produce the information desired. As a result, the information gleaned should be more accurate than that provided by interviews where no one is present to clarify questions or to interpret answers. Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following passage. The purpose of the information superhighway is to provide remote electronic banking, schooling, shopping, taxpaying, chatting, game playing, video conferencing, movie ordering, and medical diagnosing. Here's what it won't do: It won't eliminate the need to shop at stores, drive a car, visit friends, or do most of the things you normally do now. It might make things you do easier and more convenient. Movies you now can get only at the video store will be available on your TV 24 hours a day. Videoconferencing will make working from home, or telecommuting, simpler and more practical. The information superhighway will carry all kinds of personal matters, from your tastes in movies to your political affiliations to our buying habits. How this information will be protected is one of the great unknowns. Computer hackers represent another threat. Last February, high-tech marauders were able to steal thousands of passwords from Internet; this would allow them to read hundreds is personal files, including E-mail, such break-in could result in anything from a minor inconvenience to a loss privacy. On the other hand, computerized systems give financial institutions much better tools for tracking transactions and spotting patterns of criminal behavior. For example, visa's new neural network has helped U.S. banks that issue credit cards slash counterfeiting by $ 20 milling in one year. Section C News Broadcasting Questions 2124 are based on the following news from the BBC or the VOA. Japan has pledged 100 million dollars in aid to help rebuild the ravaged territory of East Timor. Caren Hamadael reports from Tokyo the announcement came at the beginning of a 2-day meeting of international donor community designed to map long-term reconstruction plans for the territory. Thursday' s pledge by Japan is about 1/3 of the 300 million dollars the World Bank is seeking for the

reconstruction of East Timor. Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary Mikio Aoki told a news conference the aid will be donated over the next 3 years through a fund set up by the World Bank and the United Nations. Reconstruction is to begin within the next few months and is expected to take years to finish. Experts say the task will be enormous. East Timor needs electrical power, schools, hospitals and a civil administration. The territory was devastated after last August' s vote for independence. The 300 million dollars the World Bank says East Timor needs for rebuilding does not include 199 million dollars required annually for humanitarian aid. Additionally, there will be the cost of funding the UN administration in East Timor over the next 2 or 3 years as the territory moves to full independence. Thursday' s aid pledge is in addition to Japan' s previous contributions to help East Timor. It has already given 200 million dollars to the territory including 30 million dollars in humanitarian aid. Thirty nations and international organizations are taking part in this week' s donor meeting for East Timor. This is Caren Hamadael, for VOA News, in Tokyo. Questions 23 25 are based on the following news from the BBC or the VOA Two of the prisoners released by India as part of the deal to resolve the hijack of an Indian Airlines plane have appeared in Pakistan. One went to Karachi and the other to Muzaffarabad in Pakistan-controlled Kashmir. Owen Bennett Jones reports: "Azhard Masood who is in Karachi spoke to thousands of people through the public address system of a Mosque in the centre of the city. He said he' d been held in prison by the Indians for 6 years and that his release shows that India is not as strong as many people think. He praised the hijackers who secured his release, saying their action has shown that a few young men could achieve considerable results. Earlier another of the released prisoners Mushtaq Ahmed Zargar was met by fellow militants in Muzaffarabad in Pakistanicontrolled Kashmir. Eyewitness said that banners were put up in the town to welcome him." Questions 26 28 are based on the following news from the BBC or the VOA. Police in South Africa have launched an intensive search for a white gunman who shot and killed 3 blacks in a crowded commuter bus in Pretoria. Southern Africa correspondent Alex Bhida reports the attack appears to have been racially motivated. The banner headline on the front-page of one leading Southern African newspaper Thursday called it a rampage of hate. Police say a so far unidentified white man boarded a crowded commuter bus in Pretoria late Wednesday and started firing. The black bus driver and two black passengers were killed, 4 other black passengers were wounded, one critically. The gunman is reported to have escaped on a motorbike parking near the scene of the shooting. Police say they are following several leads and Security Minister Steve (unclear) is predicting an arrest is eminent. President Thabo Mbeki has expressed outrage and shock over the incident, but Mr. Mbeki has also appealed for calm and urged members of the Republic not to take the law into their own hands. Analysts view the killing as a sign of bitter racial divisions that remain in South Africa more than 5 years after the formal end of white minority rule and the Apartheid policy of racial separation. In another incident with racial overtones, a disgruntled black officer in South Africa' s army last September shot and killed 8 white colleagues at a military base outside Bloemfontein. Alex Blida, VOA news, Johannesburg. Questions 29 30 are based on the following news from the BBC or the VOA. A new study says millions of the world' s children continue to live in poverty, disease and despair. VOA's correspondent Bmeck Ardery reports on the annual report from UNICEF, the United Nations Children' s Fund. The report acknowledges great progress has been made in the eradication of certain childhood diseases such as polio and measles. However, it emphasizes that for millions of the world' s children, armed conflicts, disease and forced labor continue to take a heavy toll. Susan Surandon, the American film actress who is recently appointed UNICEF special representative, told reporters that 3 main factors are endangering the lives and futures of the world' s children. "Poverty is killing our children; HIV is killing our children, disproportionately in sub-Saharan Africa; armed conflict is killing our children. And when I say killing, I mean their bodies and their souls their futures, our futures." Ms. Surandon cited statistics which show that in the last decade 2 million children died in wars, 6 million were disabled as the result of armed conflicts, and 14 million have been orphaned by the disease AIDS. A special focus in this year' s UNICEF report is on the rights of adolescents. No longer children in the

traditional sense, the report says adolescents still need positive support and guidance and the opportunity to finish school. Breck Ardery, VOA News, at the United Nations. 1[]Bthe taps revealed that a clothes shop run by an Nigerian womenKafiwas actually a front for a worldwide drug ring... 2[]C Kafi was sentenced to 117 moths in custody for conspiring to import and possess with intent to distribute heroin 3[]ANigerian organized criminals are active in no fewer than 60 countries 4[]CIn the early l860's many more Chinese arrived in California 5[]D"They were sorely needed because the work was so strenuous and dangerousand it was carried on in such a remote part of the country that the railroad company could not find other laborers for the job 6[]BACD B 7[]A Finally, in 1882the Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Actwhich stopped the immigration 8[]C At firstthe husbandBobstudied to improve his skills as an onstage pickpocket performer 9[]A...entertained troops in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War 10[]B If you look confusedthe pickpocket will sense that in a second and they will be all over you 11[]A 12[]BAfter a year I still hadn't got a break and began to doubt myself Break 13[]C 14 [ ]C Personal interviewing is most effective when all the people to be interviewed are located in a relatively small geographical area 15[]C 16[]CFirstthe alert interviewer can generally tell if the respondent is being truthful or if he or she is giving superficial or untrue responses 17 [ l D The purpose of the information superhighway is to provide remote electronic banking schooling shopping taxpaying chatting game playing video conferencing movie ordering and medical diagnosing Here's what it won't do It won't eliminate the need to shop at storesdrive a carvisit friendsor do most of the things you normally do now 18 [ ]B Here's what it won't do It won't eliminate the need to shop at stores drive a carvisit friendsor do most of the things you normally do now 19[]AHow this information will be protected is one of the great unknowns 20[]COn the other handcomputerized systems give financial institutions much better tools for tracking transactions and spotting patterns of criminal behavior 21[]A Caren Hamadael reports from Tokyo the announcement came at the beginning of a 2day meeting of international donor community... 22[]C Thursday's pledge... of East Timor.Reconstruction 23[]C Thursday's pledge by Japan is about 1/3 of the 300 million dollars the World Bank is seeking for the reconstruction of East Timor 24[]D Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary Mikio Aoki told a news conference the aid will be donated over the next 3 years through a fund set up by the World Bank and the United Nations 25[]A Two of the prisoners released... appeared in Pakistan B

26[]BHe said he'd been... as many people think. 27[]CPolice in South Africa... in Pretoria.The black bus driver... were killed 28[]BAnalysts view the killing ... racial separation 29[]AThe report acknowledges... such as polio and measles A 30[]AMsSurandon cited statistics which ... orphaned by the disease AIDS 31[]Benlarged expanded lengthened 32[]C 33[]Dthe dead ancestors 34[]Aduty toward (to) sb 35[]Csacrifices contributions sufferings tributes 36[]B 37[]DIn contrast 38[]C 39[]B 40[]A 41[]C 42[]Bbe dedicated to doing sth 43[]A turn in 44[]Coccasionally intentionally steadily 45[]Bconsists of 46[]Calive 47[]Bdecisions actions 48[]A 49[]Bopposite counterpart competitor opponent 50[]Dstatus station stature state 51[]Cwhat 52[]D otherwise D 53[]D popular with among These artistic handcrafts are very popular with foreign friendsHe is poplar among girl studentsAB C popular D 54[]B A although B as B 55[]C pleases whatever 56[]B It is time that 57[]Din that for 58[]CIt's (high) time+ that () 59[]Athat one that one 60[]Bhowever however no matter how 61[]B ()+

 B A + 62[]Dtake in take away take down take to 63[]D 64[]D doubt that doubt whether if that 65[]D was that D 66[]C by by the end of this month I shall have left by the time you returnBy the end of next yearthey will have finished work on the new stadiumThe railway will have been completed by the end of this monthC 67[]B find to read... reading C D A much more B much less 68[]Amuch as 69[]C rough I've a rough idea where it is coarse The priest wore a coarse woolen garment next to his skin rude Don't be so rude to your father crude The production of crude oil this year has increased by 10% 10% 70[]C the more... the more A B C is D 71[]A + have done may must 72[]D priceless free 73[]C deprive of ensure for to inform sb. of sthconvince sb. of sth 74[]D arise ( raise arouse () rise ) 75[]B select how to select as his successor his successor whom what which 76[]Duphold withdraw withhold upgrade 77[]Bintrigued 78[]Ain defiance of 79[]Ashove nudge prompt poke 80[]Ccontaminated corrupted consumed infected 81[]CIn factrather than...inevitably aggravated the problem C 82[]D 44%

 D 83[]C 84[]Cpersuade jury to add a strong recommendation for mercy to their statement that they consider me guiltyGeorge Jim 85[]C A Jim George B Jim GeorgeD Jim George 86[]A Jim George George 87[]A to pay serious money just for the privilege of running... an entrance fee () A 88[]C That excellence is not just... but also the quality of determination shown by all the completions ... C 89[]D A B C These are qualities ( )that schoolchildren canand shouldacquire through a variety of demanding individual activities in physical education D 90[]A People will be alert and receptive ... who has not had an active mind A A 91[]C James Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives James C D A James Many experts are so convinced... that... A BJames 92[]D Gene Cohen D when people are mentally engagedbiochemical changes occur in the brain... A specific trainingFozard B Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.

 C 93[]A we've wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans Find your brand in a blind tasting A B D then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants' choices with what mere guess - work could have accomplished C 94[]D burnout burnout Overall half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first so fatigueor taste burnoutwas not a factortaste burnout or burnout fatigue () D A B C fatigue 95[]ATaste is such a subjective matter that we don't usually conduct preference tests for foodsThe most you can say about anyone's preference is that it's one person's opinion Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price A B C D 96[]A 97[]B 98[]C 99[]A 100[]B PART WRITING SECTION A COMPOSITION My View on College Students' Paying the Tuition Fee Should college students pay their tuition fees? This has been a hot issue discussed by many people and for several years. From my point of view, it is reasonable for Chinese college students to pay several thousand yuan a year as their tuition fees. In one case it will stimulate the students to work hard. In another case it will enable universities and colleges to improve their teaching facilities. Firstly, it goads the students to be industrious. In the past when they did not pay the tuition fee, some students were not diligent and thought that sixty - a passing grade was enough, spending time in a lazy and relaxing way. But now since they are charged some money each year, many students tend to work harder to compete for the scholarship which is a certain redeem of the tuition fee. Secondly, it will enable the colleges to improve their teaching qualities in some

way. In the past, all colleges depended upon the government financially. As the latter did not have enough to offer all of them, some universities could only maintain their facilities. Now, as the students shoulder the tuition fee with the government, the colleges can afford to buy new and advanced teaching apparatus to operate more efficiently and thus to improve the teaching quality as well. In a word, both the students and colleges get benefits when the students pay a rational amount of money as the tuition fee. Meanwhile, both the government and universities should take more effective measures to help poor students finish their college studies. SECTION B NOTE-WRITING Dear Christiana, I' m glad to hear that you've won the first prize of the National English Speech Contest. Congratulations! No one could have been more deserving it since you always work very hard. We really feel proud of you. We are thinking about giving you a celebration party next Sunday. I'll call you tomorrow. Finally I wish you all the best in your future study. Yours, Linda