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International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences (ISSN: 2249-5894)

CONTENTS
Sr. No.

TITLE & NAME OF THE AUTHOR (S)


Democracy And Governance: A Revisitational Discourse. S. T. Akindele, PhD and O. O. Adeyemi Leadership: A New Synthesis. Akindele, S.T., PhD. and Adeyemi, O. O. Cells involved in wear-mediated osteolysis. Mrinal K.Musib, Ph.D. The Leadership and the Retention of Employees That Work for Nongovernmental Organization (NGOs) in Thailand. Matchakarn Ya-anan A Review On Extent Of Sustainabilty Of Educational Projects: A Case Of Strengthening Of Mathematics And Science In Secondary Education (Smasse) Project In Kenya. Henry Onderi and Getrude Malala Improving the educational decision making system from the viewpoint of members of education faculties settled in Tehran and staff managers and Specialists in the Ministry of Education. Armin Mahmoudi Econometric Analysis of Income of Nomads In Irrigated Areas Of Cholistan Desert. Mariam Abbas Soharwardi, Karamat Ali and Jamal Abdul Nasir Distance Education and Conventional Education; A Case Study through Review of Literature. Ms. Iffat Beg Bt Cotton: Resource Use Efficiency in India. Dr. A. Balakrishna Simone De Beauvoirs Contribution To Feminism With Reference To The Second Sex. Sachin Vaman Londhe Identification Of Decision Parameters Influencing Destination Choices Of Indian Domestic Tourists. Harikrishna M. and Rajat Rastogi Customers Perception Towards Mobile Number Portability. Mrs. Dhanya. J. S A Case Study On Employee Motivational Practices At Airport Authourity Of India Limited With Special Reference To Chennai Airport. Simeon S. Simon, S. Jacob Pratabaraj and Sneha George Recruitment Policies In Indian RailwaysCase Study Of South Western Railway, Hubli. Dr. C. P. Manohar A Study on Challenges and Opportunities for Agricultural Development in India. Dr. V. J. R. Emerlson Moses Emotional Intelligence Of Students In A B-School. A. K. Mohapatra and Deepak Pattnaik World Economy And Terrorism: An Over View. Dr. Bhuvnender Chaudhary, Amit Sarkar and Nikhil Monga

Page No.
6-7 8-9 10-11 12-13

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

14-15

16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-25 26-27 28-29

30-31

32-33 34-35 36-37 38-39

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2012 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Chief Patron
Dr. JOSE G. VARGAS-HERNANDEZ
Member of the National System of Researchers, Mexico Research professor at University Center of Economic and Managerial Sciences, University of Guadalajara Director of Mass Media at Ayuntamiento de Cd. Guzman Ex. director of Centro de Capacitacion y Adiestramiento

Patron
Dr. Mohammad Reza Noruzi
PhD: Public Administration, Public Sector Policy Making Management, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran Faculty of Economics and Management, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran Young Researchers' Club Member, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran

Chief Advisors
Dr. NAGENDRA. S.
Senior Asst. Professor, Department of MBA, Mangalore Institute of Technology and Engineering, Moodabidri

Dr. SUNIL KUMAR MISHRA


Associate Professor, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon, INDIA

Mr. GARRY TAN WEI HAN


Lecturer and Chairperson (Centre for Business and Management), Department of Marketing, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, MALAYSIA

MS. R. KAVITHA
Assistant Professor, Aloysius Institute of Management and Information, Mangalore, INDIA

Dr. A. JUSTIN DIRAVIAM


Assistant Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Sardar Raja College of Engineering, Alangulam Tirunelveli, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 2

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2012 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Editorial Board
Dr. CRAIG E. REESE
Professor, School of Business, St. Thomas University, Miami Gardens

Dr. S. N. TAKALIKAR
Principal, St. Johns Institute of Engineering, PALGHAR (M.S.)

Dr. RAMPRATAP SINGH


Professor, Bangalore Institute of International Management, KARNATAKA

Dr. P. MALYADRI
Principal, Government Degree College, Osmania University, TANDUR

Dr. Y. LOKESWARA CHOUDARY


Asst. Professor Cum, SRM B-School, SRM University, CHENNAI

Prof. Dr. TEKI SURAYYA


Professor, Adikavi Nannaya University, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

Dr. T. DULABABU
Principal, The Oxford College of Business Management, BANGALORE

Dr. A. ARUL LAWRENCE SELVAKUMAR


Professor, Adhiparasakthi Engineering College, MELMARAVATHUR, TN

Dr. S. D. SURYAWANSHI
Lecturer, College of Engineering Pune, SHIVAJINAGAR

Dr. S. KALIYAMOORTHY
Professor & Director, Alagappa Institute of Management, KARAIKUDI

Prof S. R. BADRINARAYAN
Sinhgad Institute for Management & Computer Applications, PUNE

Mr. GURSEL ILIPINAR


ESADE Business School, Department of Marketing, SPAIN

Mr. ZEESHAN AHMED


Software Research Eng, Department of Bioinformatics, GERMANY
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 3

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2012 _________________________________________________________


Mr. SANJAY ASATI
Dept of ME, M. Patel Institute of Engg. & Tech., GONDIA(M.S.)

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Mr. G. Y. KUDALE
N.M.D. College of Management and Research, GONDIA(M.S.)

Editorial Advisory Board


Dr. MANJIT DAS
Assistant Professor, Deptt. of Economics, M.C.College, ASSAM

Dr. ROLI PRADHAN


Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, BHOPAL

Dr. N. KAVITHA
Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Mekelle University, ETHIOPIA

Prof C. M. MARAN
Assistant Professor (Senior), VIT Business School, TAMIL NADU

Dr. RAJIV KHOSLA


Associate Professor and Head, Chandigarh Business School, MOHALI

Dr. S. K. SINGH
Asst. Professor, R. D. Foundation Group of Institutions, MODINAGAR

Dr. (Mrs.) MANISHA N. PALIWAL


Associate Professor, Sinhgad Institute of Management, PUNE

Dr. (Mrs.) ARCHANA ARJUN GHATULE


Director, SPSPM, SKN Sinhgad Business School, MAHARASHTRA

Dr. NEELAM RANI DHANDA


Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, kuk, HARYANA

Dr. FARAH NAAZ GAURI


Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, AURANGABAD

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 4

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2012 _________________________________________________________


Prof. Dr. BADAR ALAM IQBAL
Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Aligarh Muslim University, UP

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Dr. CH. JAYASANKARAPRASAD


Assistant Professor, Dept. of Business Management, Krishna University, A. P., INDIA

Technical Advisors
Mr. Vishal Verma
Lecturer, Department of Computer Science, Ambala, INDIA

Mr. Ankit Jain


Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Karnataka, Mangalore, INDIA

Associate Editors
Dr. SANJAY J. BHAYANI
Associate Professor ,Department of Business Management, RAJKOT, INDIA

MOID UDDIN AHMAD


Assistant Professor, Jaipuria Institute of Management, NOIDA

Dr. SUNEEL ARORA


Assistant Professor, G D Goenka World Institute, Lancaster University, NEW DELHI

Mr. P. PRABHU
Assistant Professor, Alagappa University, KARAIKUDI

Mr. MANISH KUMAR


Assistant Professor, DBIT, Deptt. Of MBA, DEHRADUN

Mrs. BABITA VERMA


Assistant Professor, Bhilai Institute Of Technology, DURG

Ms. MONIKA BHATNAGAR


Assistant Professor, Technocrat Institute of Technology, BHOPAL

Ms. SUPRIYA RAHEJA


Assistant Professor, CSE Department of ITM University, GURGAON
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 5

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2012 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Title
DEMOCRACY AND GOVERNANCE: A REVISITATIONAL DISCOURSE.

Author(s)

S. T. AKINDELE, PhD
Department of Political Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria.

O. O. ADEYEMI
Department of Local Government Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 6

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT:

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

The concepts of democracy and governance have come to occupy a more prominent position in the discourse of national and international development. They have become key notions in which citizens can have a more active role which should enhance their positive view of the increase legitimacy of the state. As a matter of fact, both concepts are inseparable from the existential characteristics of all political animals all over the world. They continue to determine the democratic political arrangement and, dictate the landscapes and operational nerves of all civilized democratic polities in todays ICT-driven world particularly in terms of the functional performance of the horizontal organs of government which have increasingly gained prominence vis--vis public policy and responsive service delivery. One of the critical components/units of these horizontal organs [Executive, Legislature and Judiciary] - is the Legislature. The Legislature and its functionaries - the Legislators constitute a cardinal part of the major pillars of the governance process in the democratic political systems of todays world, Nigeria inclusive. Against this background, this paper in a revisitational manner deals with the discourses of these concepts. In the process it highlights their theoretical underpinnings in ways they can be easily discerned for todays governance process and the democratic aspects and landscapes of most nations of the world vis--vis the existential wherewithal of the citizens.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 7

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Title
LEADERSHIP: A New Synthesis

Author(s)

Akindele, S.T., PhD.


Department of Political Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-ILE, Osun State, Nigeria.

Adeyemi, O. O.
Department of Local Government Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-ILE, Osun State, Nigeria.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 8

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT:

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

The issue of leadership in human society and its various terrains has attracted series of scholastic and intellectual attentions. These attentions have deep-seated historical pedigree. The concept has become a key concern in organizations within both the private and public sectors of polities and corporate settings all over the world in that everything begins and ends with the issue of leadership and its types. It determines the successes or failures of any human endeavour and, such is determined by the type of leadership in place. Against this background, this paper deals with the concept of leadership using a dialectical approach [though not the Hegelian philosophical type of unification] in the quest for a synthesis of its various components. The paper seeks a further retooling and/or recoiling of the hitherto mutually inclusive components of leadership and its various types. Using the conceptual analysis of the term leadership as the point of departure and, giving analytical credence to the leadership sustainability of followership confidence with insights on servant leadership and other theoretical constructs on the subject matter of the main focus [e.g., McGregors Theories X and Y; Maslows Hierarchy of Needs etc]. In the process, while examining the linkage between the concepts of leadership and power and, the latters transformation into legitimate authority, the concept of change leadership which has gained a wider currency within the matrix of organizational and management studies and, its transcendental utility to the organizational terrains of various political economies and their landscapes was examined. This examination was done within the context of a change leadership being a key to large-scale sustainable organizational and political reform in the quest for human productivity, improved morale and micro and macro political self-fulfillment. The paper concludes with the emphasis that the evocation of the concept of leadership, its types and/or styles, to alter the behaviours of others in groups and organizations in the quest for attainment of desired goals based on focused agenda setting will infinitely continue in our world, particularly at this period of the planetary phenomenon of globalization and its mondialization of human relational threads.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 9

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Title

Cells involved in wear-mediated osteolysis

Author(s)
Mrinal K.Musib, Ph.D.*
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 10

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________ Abstract:

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is extensively used to manufacture orthopedic total implant components. Wear debris of this polymer released at the periimplant region is responsible for osteolysis and implant failure. Cells around the implant where the metallic and polymeric components articulate, respond to these non-biodegradable particles (primarily UHMWPE) and release chemical mediators that eventually lead to aseptic loosening of the implant. In this short review we discuss the various cell lineages that respond to and are involved in the wear-mediated osteolytic process.

Keywords: UHMWPE, wear-debris, nanoparticles, cells, wear-mediated osteolysis.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 11

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Title
The Leadership and the Retention of Employees That Work for Nongovernmental Organization (NGOs) in Thailand

Author(s)

Matchakarn Ya-anan
Chanchai Bunchapattanasukda, Shinawatra University, Bangkok, Thailand.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 12

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________ Abstract:

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Leadership is a key success factor in the success in managing of any organizations including nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Most Thailand s NGOs focus on community services which related to women rights, education for less opportunity people, healthcare, and rescue services. In Thailand, most employees who join and work in the NGOs not only because of financial issues, but they believe some other factors. This study aims to investigate the impact of leadership on employees retaining in nongovernment organizations in Thailand. Four Thai NGOs were taken in this study. In-debt interview was employed to collect data from managers who worked in the NGOs. The results found that leadership played important roles in NGOs employees retention in addition to other job satisfaction factors in most organizations. All leaders in the sample NGOs determined high value of their employees. The leaders stated that they would find the best way to retain their employees to work for their organizations in the long term. First, they collected information related to factors impacted on the employees satisfactory in working. However, if they found the problem, they would work along side the employees to resolve it. Some NGOs found the organizations working philosophy helped them to screen people who are going to join working with the organizations. The employees who accepted those philosophies before joining to work in the organizations seemed to fit the work condition and continue to work in the organizations in longer period of time. Finally, the results found that leadership in the NGOs played more importance roles than other factors which are relationships among employees, devotion to voluntary works, work condition, internal communications, compensation, and hygiene factors in order to retain employees to work with the NGOs.

Key words: Nongovernment organizations, leadership, retaining, employees, Thailand.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 13

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Title

A REVIEW ON EXTENT OF SUSTAINABILTY OF EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS: A CASE OF STRENGTHENING OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE IN SECONDARY EDUCATION (SMASSE) PROJECT IN KENYA

Author(s)
Henry Onderi
School of Education and Social Sciences, Bondo University College, P.O. Box 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya.

Getrude Malala
School of Education and Social Sciences, Bondo University College, P.O. Box 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 14

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________ Abstract:

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Kenya targets to become an industrialized country by 2030 and to become a globally competitive country. The government appreciates the critical role played by Science and Mathematics in the realization of vision 2030. This is manifested by the human and financial resources that are allocated for teaching and learning of Science subjects (Biology, Chemistry and Physics) and Mathematics at primary, and post primary institutions of learning. At secondary school level, the government has continued to provide qualified Mathematics and Science teachers through the Teachers Service Commission, construction of laboratories and provision of in-service training for Science and Mathematics teachers under Strengthening of Mathematics and Science in Secondary Education (SMASSE) project. Moreover, quite a considerable amount of the Ministry of Educations budget allocation goes towards this project in efforts to ensure effectiveness in the teaching and learning of these subjects. However, the performance of Mathematics and Science subjects which are greatly relied upon for industrialization to be realized has still been remarkably poor hence the SMASSE project, which was initiated by the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Government of Kenya in 1998 when the consistently poor performance in Mathematics and Science subjects became a matter of serious concern (Waititu and Orado, 2009), and there was urgent need for improvement in these subjects. This paper therefore reviews the growth of SMASSE in terms of its contributions to upgrading the performance in Mathematics and Sciences, how it interacts with other initiatives meant to improve teaching and learning in these subjects and some of the measures that have been put in place for the proper implementation, running and sustainability of the project. The paper further seeks to determine the future prospects of SMASSE in focus to attainment of vision 2030.

Key Words: Educational projects, SMASSE project, JICA, Sustainability, Industrialization and Vision 2030.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 15

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Title
Improving the educational decision making system from the viewpoint of members of education faculties settled in Tehran and staff managers and Specialists in the Ministry of Education

Author(s)
Armin Mahmoudi Assistant Professor, Department of Studies in Education, Yasouj branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasouj, Iran

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 16

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________ Abstract:

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

In this research educational decision making system was studied based on five (internal and external) factors including: environment of decision-making (supra-system), structure of decision making, process of decision making, implementing of decision making, and evaluation and feedback of decision making, data was gathered by questionnaire form two groups, members of the Faculties of education settled in Tehran and staff managers and specialists of the ministry of Education. Finding show that the educational decision making, system has many imperfections with structural factors being the most important and implementation factors the least of them. Furthermore, the study samples emphasize decentralization of educational decision making system.

Key words: educational decision making, internal-system factors, external-system factors, supra-system factors, ministry of education, decentralization of education

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 17

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Title

ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF INCOME OF NOMADS IN

IRRIGATED AREAS OF CHOLISTAN DESERT

Author(s)
Mariam Abbas Soharwardi Lecturer at Department of Economics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Karamat Ali Chairman at Department of Economics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Jamal Abdul Nasir Department of Statistics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 18

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT:

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Economy of any rural areas depends on different types of economic indicators. The economic indicators which affect the income of nomads in Cholistan Desert are described in this paper. Economy of the nomads of Cholistan desert can be divided in to two parts, i) economy of the nomads when they stay in the desert and ii) economy of the nomads when they are at irrigated areas. Nomads earns more income in irrigated areas as 71% earn their income in the range of Rs. 1,00,100/- to 2,00,00/-. The present study revealed about the factors which influence the income of nomads in irrigated areas of Cholistan Desert. The study was econometric and income is estimated by using Binary Logistic Regression Model on 200 sample data taken from ten different villages of Cholistan Desert.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 19

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Title

Distance Education and Conventional Education; A Case Study through Review of Literature.

Author(s)
Ms. Iffat Beg
Research and Teaching Assistant, Room no 143, Block G, School of Education, New Academic Complex, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi 110068.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 20

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT:

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

There are broadly two modes of education system one is conventional and the other is distance education system. For ages the conventional education system has remained the dominant way of spreading education where the construct of the school or the institute is very specific. But with time things change as well as the concepts. The latest trend in the education system is distance education where the students can enjoy utmost freedom in the process of learning. You can remain engaged in all other works including the course you want to pursue. This is the major difference between the distance education and conventional education systems. It would be better to state that the whole conception of online education holds a difference in the core that separates it from conventional education. You won't have concrete classrooms in distance education where you can find a bunch of students attending lectures of their respective teachers The concepts on the basis of which distance education operates distinctly distinguish it from the traditional educational system are i)Learner-centeredness/learner autonomy ,ii) Learnercenteredness iii)Education in real-life setting. This paper will discuss these issues in the light of relevant case studies. The present paper is taken from the research work of the authors Ph.D thesis.

Keywords: Conventional Education System, Distance Education System, Learner-Centeredness, Learner-Centeredness, Education in Real-Life Setting

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 21

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Title
Bt Cotton: REsouRCE usE EFFiCiEnCy in inDia

Author(s)
Dr. A. BALAKRISHNA
Project Fellow, Department Of Economics and Applied Economics, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur (District), Pin- 522510 Andhra Pradesh (State), India

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 22

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________ Abstract:

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Since the introduction of Bt cotton in India there has been a serious debate going on its impact on cost, returns and productivity. Andhra Pradesh continue to be the largest cultivator of Bt cotton in India and it occupies third position among Indian cotton growing states both in terms of area as well as outturn. In this context, it would be appropriate to analyze the output and efficiency of inputs used in cotton cultivation in Andhra Pradesh state of India.. The Cobb-Douglas production and decomposition analysis techniques were used to estimate the influence of factors and Bt technology on output change. The results of the estimated production functions reveal that seeds and fertilizer is the most important input to which output is highly responsive in both Bt and Non-Bt cotton crop situations. The output elasticity of pesticide is higher in Non-Bt cotton cultivation than that of in Bt cotton cultivation. The decomposition revealed that the net impact of Bt technology alone is estimated to have increased the output by 10.88 %. It is necessary to motivate the farmers for cultivation of Bt cotton with appropriate extension strategies and policy measures.

Key Words: Bt technology, Bt cotton, Decomposition of output change, Non Bt cotton Production function, Resource use efficiency.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 23

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Title
siMonE DE BEauvoiRs ContRiBution to FEMINISM WITH REFERENCE TO THE SECOND SEX

Author(s)
SACHIN VAMAN LONDHE
(Asst. Prof. in English) K. N. Bhise College Kurduwadi, Solapur University, (Mah), India.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 24

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________ Abstract:

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Simone De Beauvoir was born in Jan. 9, 1908 and died in April 14, 1986 in Paris, France. While studying at the Sorbonne, she met Jean-Paul Sartre and Maurice Merleau- Ponty, beginning a lifelong association with them. With these two philosophers, she founded a literary and political journal. She belonged to a feminist collective and was politically active in feminist causes. She wrote several novels and a number of philosophical works, the most notable of which was The Ethics of Ambiguity (1947), Le Deuxime Sexe (1949; translated as The Second Sex, 1952).In the present paper an attempt has been made to draw attention towards Beauvoirs observation on how women have been deliberately given secondary place. De Beauvoirs text (The Second Sex, 1952) laid the foundations for much of the feminist theory and political activism that emerged during the 1960s in Western Europe and America. Since then, its impact, if anything, has broadened and deepened: its basic thesis and premises continue to underlie the broad spectrum of feminist concerns. The books central argument is that, throughout history, woman has always occupied a secondary role in relation to man, being downgraded to the position of the other. Whereas man has been enabled to transcend and control his environment, always furthering the domain of his physical and intellectual conquests, woman has remained imprisoned within immanence, remaining a slave within the circle of duties imposed by her maternal and reproductive functions. In highlighting this subordination, the book explains in characteristic existentialist fashion how the so-called essence of woman was in fact created at many levels, economic, political, religious by historical developments representing the interests of men.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 25

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Title
IDENTIFICATION OF DECISION PARAMETERS INFLUENCING DESTINATION CHOICES OF INDIAN DOMESTIC TOURISTS

Author(s)
Harikrishna M.
Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, Uttarakhand, India

Rajat Rastogi
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, Uttarakhand, India.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 26

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT:

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Travel behaviour analysis requires an understanding of the preferences of travellers, especially in case of leisure travel, which is characterised by heterogeneity and multiplicity of destinations. Factors associated with destination, travel and travellers psychology influence the destination choice further. This paper identifies the latent constructs influencing destination choices of domestic tourists, categorised by their associative value of destination and income groups. The results indicate that aspects associated with safety and comfort, and pre-decision influence the destination preferences of travellers at all destination types. Social restrictions and destination attributes are found to be value-specific. The level of importance associated with these factors are found to be distinctly different from one another. The income groups considered are also found to have distinct differences in their destination preferences. Economics and comfort related aspects, pre-decision as well destination-specific attributes are found to vary

significantly across the income groups. Based on the results, the study emphasises the need for segmentation of tourists with respect to destination values and income levels for better tourism management strategies.

Keywords: Destination choice, domestic tourists, Latent constructs, Leisure value, Income.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 27

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Title

CUSTOMERS PERCEPTION TOWARDS MOBILE NUMBER PORTABILITY

Author(s)
Mrs. Dhanya. J. S
Asst. Professor, College of Engineering, Trivandrum

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 28

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT:

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Mobile number portability has become the order of the day and it is all about keeping the same mobile phone number when moving from a existing service provider to a new provider. The report was prepared on the basis of a comparative study, done to know the pros and cons of Mobile Number Portability System (MNPS) from both customer'' as well as services provider's perspective. Data was obtained through personal interview method at Bangalore. Two questionnaires were prepared; one for cellular service providers and second for the customers. After the Study, it was found that, Customers are eagerly waiting for such a service, where customer can change service provider without changing mobile number. Introduction of MNPS will lead to number of advantages to the customers like low tariff, flexibility to change, good network and more VAS. Major drawback of MNPS for customer will be relatively less as compared to that of service provider. Service providers do not seem to be happy with MNPS. They will face problems like losing customer base, cut-throat competition, and financial loss and also they will have to upgrade their network.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 29

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Title

A CASE STUDY ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATIONAL PRACTICES AT AIRPORT AUTHOURITY OF INDIA LIMITED WITH

SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHENNAI AIRPORT

Author(s)

SIMEON S. SIMON,
BE, MBA, (PhD)

S. JACOB PRATABARAJ, MBA,


(PhD)

SNEHA GEORGE, MBA Karunya University

Asst. Professor, Karunya University

Asst. Professor, Srm University

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 30

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT:

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

The Airports Authority of India (AAI) was formed on 1st April 1995 merging the International Airports Authority of India and the National Airports Authority with a view to accelerate the integrated development, expansion, modernization, operation, and cargo facilities at the Airport conforming to international standards. AAI has identified 12 important Domestic Airports, which are developed as model airports based on the traffic potential, tourist potential and coverage of regions of the country. The runaways at these airports are designed to cater forA-320 operation with standard approach and landing aids, modern communication and navigational facilities. The modern airports are Jaipur, Lucknow, Nagpur, Vadodara, Calicut, Coimbatore, Patna, Hyderabad, and Imphal. Apart from this, AAI is developing some of the cardinal airports. These include Goa, Bangalore, Varanasi, and Agra. With the intention to analyze the motivational practices of AAI, this research had been undertaken. As a matter of fact, the key to any successful organization is the end result of management motivation. It is one of the most difficult tasks that a manager faces because every employee is endowed with unique talents and motivational requirements. So much so, these methods that are used to motivate employees must be tailored to fit each one. Every organization should have motivation plans in store as much as to stimulate and encourage the employees positively and identify the due employee motivation. Some of the most effective ways for managers to motivate them include appreciating them at the right moments, being able to recognize their accomplishments and to give them positive feedback. Motivation is one of the responsibilities of all supervisors. The purpose of this dissertation is to study the Employee Motivational Schemes followed at Airports Authority of India, Chennai. The main objective of this project is to gain maximum knowledge of the Employee Motivational Schemes followed in the organization. The practical knowledge has been gained mainly by observing all the activities taking place in AAI. This study is mainly intended to gain the understanding of the Employee Motivation, as to how it is implemented, as to why it is necessary, its implications and benefits.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 31

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Title
RECRUITMENT POLICIES IN INDIAN RAILWAYSCASE STUDY OF SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY, HUBLI.

Author(s)

Dr. C. P. MANOHAR
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Kittel Arts College, Dharwad.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 32

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________ Abstract:

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Generally speaking, there was no regular system of recruitment in Indian industries for two obvious reasons, viz. the migratory character of Indian labour and the shortage of labour in early days of the organized industry in the country. Railway Recruitment Boards are situated at Calcutta, Allahabad, Chennai, Mumbai, Muzzaffarpur, Guwahati, Chandigarh, Jammu Srinagar and Danapur. The Board, after selection, nominates the candidates to the respective Zonal Railways to appoint under their jurisdiction. Each recruitment board consists of a chairman, one or two members, a secretary and a secretariat. Normally aptitudinal test taken at the time of Recruitment will be related to the job given to the employee after recruitment. The study tried to find out whether the utilization of labours aptitude is made in the work allotted or not.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 33

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Title
A Study on Challenges and Opportunities for Agricultural Development in India

Author(s)

Dr. V. J. R. Emerlson Moses


Assistant Professor and Research Guide, PG & Research Department of Economics, Muthurangam Govt. Arts College, Vellore.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
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International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 34

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________


Abstract:

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Agriculture is one of the strongholds of the Indian economy and accounts for 14.6 per cent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2009-10, and 10.23 per cent (provisional) of the total exports. Furthermore, the sector provided employment to 55 per cent of the work force. Indias agriculture and allied sector grew by 3.8 per cent in the first six months of the current fiscal (2010-11), against one per cent in the year-ago period on the back of better Kharif crop output. According to the GDP data released by the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) on November 30, 2010, the country's farm sector grew by 2.5 per cent and 4.4 per cent each in the first two quarters of the current fiscal, against 1.9 per cent and 0.9 per cent, respectively, in the same period last year. The Government is giving highest priority to agriculture and allied sector. The Eleventh Plan allocation has been considerably higher over the Tenth Plan allocation. An amount of US$ 19 billion has been allocated for the Ministry of Agriculture during the Eleventh Five Year Plan. Capital investment in agriculture has increased from US$ 1.2 billion in 2007-08 to US$ 3.26 billion in 2010-11 (inclusive of State Plan Scheme Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana), as per a Ministry of Agriculture press release dated August 3, 2010.In this study focus on history, importance and problems of Indian agriculture and also discuss about modern agricultural development.

Keywords: Agriculture, GDP, Global Positioning System, Development.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 35

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Title
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF STUDENTS IN A B-SCHOOL

Author(s)

A. K. Mohapatra
Professor (HRM), School of Management, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

Deepak Pattnaik
Lecturer (Humanities), Centre for Management Studies, Orissa Engineering College, BBSR. Odisha.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
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International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 36

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT:

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Students studying in B-schools get varieties of inputs (academic and otherwise). This paper investigates whether this process has any effect on the students on their emotional intelligence (EI). The paper also investigates the relationship between EI and academic performance of these students in the B-school (institute). It also studies if EI is dependent on gender. To represent emotional intelligence, emotional quotient has been used as the measure. The sample for the study was from three batches of students from 2009-11(Junior), 2008-10 (Senior) and 2007-09 (Super Senior). The juniors were fresher in the institute. The seniors had spent about a year in the institute where as the super seniors had spent about two years. The sample comprised boys and girls from various states with different academic qualifications. The instrument for measuring emotional quotient through a questionnaire was developed by Chadha (2003) and Singh (2003). The data on academic performance of these students were collected from the concerned office of the B-school. The name of the institute is not indicated here on request. In the first stage, the score of EQ of the students of three batches was analysed. It was found that EQ of students increased from juniors to seniors and from seniors to super seniors. In the next phase, the EQ scores of boy-students and girl-students were anlysed. It was found that EQ is not free from gender orientation. Girls have a higher EQ than boys in the institute. However, the author feels that this finding needs to be confirmed with a larger sample. In the final stage, EQ of students and their academic performance was analysed. It was found that students with high EQ were not necessarily high in academic performance. The conclusion from all this is that the various inputs in the B-school on the students is positive increasing their EQ preparing them well for performance in organizations after they pass out. The second conclusion is academic performance does not require all the abilities that are required for higher EQ of an individual.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 37

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

Title

WORLD ECONOMY AND TERRORISM: AN OVER VIEW

Author(s)
Dr. Bhuvnender Chaudhary
Dean, Phonics Group of Institutions, Roorkee

Amit Sarkar
Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan, India

Nikhil Monga
Assistant Professor, (Department of Management Studies) Phonics Group of Institutions, Roorkee, Uttarakhand

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
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International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 38

January Volume 2, Issue 1 2011 _________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT:

IJPSS

ISSN: 2249-5894

On the global canvas when the theme of global village is widely popular, simultaneously the cancer of terrorism has captured the world body First, the capital stock (human and physical) of a country is reduced as a result of terrorist attacks. Second, the terrorist threat induces higher levels of uncertainty. Third, terrorism promotes increases in counter-terrorism expenditures, drawing resources from productive sectors for use in security. Fourth, terrorism is known to aspect negatively specific industries such as tourism.. This paper is a insight on the aftermath of the terrorist activities on different aspects of world economy, Its a strive to investigate the repercussions of terrorist attacks on different developed and developing countries, how the economy of the world affected and how countries are reacting, grappling and subduing its impacts.

Key words: Terrorism, World, Economy, Attack, Impact, Global, Political.

A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories
Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory , U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabells Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.

International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 39

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