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Peran kromium sebagai suatu trace-elemen esensial, untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan normal mamalia, serta unggas, telah

didokumentasikan dengan baik (NRC, 1977). Gangguan pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup pada tikus serta mencit, akibat dari pengambilan kromium yang sangat dibatasi dalam ransum ternyata dapat diperbaiki bilamana 5 ppm kromium ditambahkan ke dalam ransum tersebut (Tyler, 1979). Tacon dan Beveridge (1982) dalam NRC (1997) mempelajari sifat esensial dari kromium untuk ikan, namun belum mencapai suatu hasil yang dapat disimpulkan, yang diduga dikarenakan penyerapan kromium dari air dan kontaminasi pakan kontrol oleh kromium. Kromium merupakan salah satu unsur mineral mikro, seperti diketahui bahwa, mineral berperanan penting pada organisme hidup. Mineral memberikan kekuatan sebagai unsur pokok dari gigi, dan tulang dan dalam bentuk ion, dapat 10 menjaga keseimbangan asam dan basa, dan juga hubungan osmosis dengan lingkungan perairan. Selain itu, mineral diperlukan sebagai fungsi pengatur dalam sistem syaraf dan dalam berbagai fungsi metabolisme.(Zonneveld et a.l., 1991). DAFTAR PUSTAKA Anderson, R.A. (1997 ) Nutritional Factors Influencing The Glucose/Insulin System: Chromium, J.Am. COll. Nutrition .Research Center U.S. A. Anggoro, S, 1992. Efek osmotik berbagai tingkat salinitas media terhadap daya tetas telur dan vitalitas larva udang windu Penaeus monodon. (Disertasi). Program Pasca Sarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Anonymous, 1998. Standar Operasional Pembenihan Nila Gift sistim Monosex di BBI Sentral Ngrajek. Amri dan Khairuman .2003. Budidaya Ikan Nila Secara Intensif. Agromedia Pustaka . Jakarta. [AOAC], 1970. Official Methods of Analysis of The Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, D.C. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan (INFIS), 1991. Petunjuk Teknis Budidaya Ikan Nila. Bekerja sama dengan IDRC (International Development Resarch Centre) Canada . Barham D, Trinder P. An Improved colour reagent for the determination of blood glucose by the oxidase system, Analyst 1972; 97:142-5. Che Mat, C. R. 1987. Kajian fisiologi dan biokimia Macrobrachium rosenbergii dan hubungannya dengan akuakultur dalam Anggoro S, 1992. Efek osmotik berbagai tingkat salinitas media terhadap daya tetas telur dan vitalitas larva udang windu Penaeus monodon. (Disertasi). Program Pasca Sarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Coche Andre and Edward David, 1988. Selected Aspects of Warm Water Fish Culture. Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) and AGFUND, Rome Italy. Effendy,M.I. 1978. Biologi Perikanan . Fakultas Perikanan IPB.Bogor. Environmental Health Criteria 61, 1988. Chromium. International programe on chemical safety. IPCS, INCHEM.ISBN 92.WHO, Geneva.

[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization Of The United Nation Rome, 1992. Guideline for the Promotion of Enviromental Management Of Coastal Aquaculture Development. Rome. 100 Feraris, R. P., F. D. P. Estepa, J. M. Ladja and E. G. De Jesus, 1986 a. Effect of salinity on the Osmotic, Chloride, total protein and calcium concentration in the hemolymph of the prawn Penaeus monodon Fabricius. Comp. Biochem. Physiology. 83A (4) : 701 708. Dalam Anggoro S, 1992. Efek osmotic Berbagai tingkat salinitas media terhadap daya tetas telur dan vitalitas larva udang windu Penaeus monodon. (Disertasi). Program Pasca Sarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Fujaya Y. 2004. Fisiologi Ikan (dasar pengembangan teknik perikanan). Rineka Cipta, Jakarta. Furuichi M.1988. Fish Nutrition . In Watanabe , T. Fish Nutrion and Mariculture JICA Text Book. The General Aquaculture Couese. Department of Aquaculture Biosience . Tokyo University of Fisheries. GESAMP REPORTS AND STUDIES , GESAMP (IMO/FAO/UNESCO/UN/UNEP Joint Group Of Expert on the Scientific Aspect Of Marine Pollution). 1991. Reducing Environmental Impact Of Coastal Aquaculture. Rep. Study Gesamp, (47) : 35 p. Guyton,A.C.1992 . Buku Ajar Fisiology Kedokteran : Bagian I. EGC Penerbit Buku kedokteran. 707 hal. Hepher, B.1988. Nutrition of Pond Fishes. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambrige, New York, USA. Pp. 217-252. Hertz, Y., Mader, Z., Hepher, B. and Gertler, A. 1989. Glukose metrabolism in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.): the effect of cobalt and chromium Aquaculture, 76:255. Jauncey, K. and B. Ross. 1982. The guide to tilapia Feed and Feeding. Institut of Aquaculture University of Stirling . Scotland, 111. Jain, Labeo Rohita ., 1995 . Chromium And Nutrition Cose Utilization in Common Carp. The Role Chromium in Animal Nutrition . BOA. The National Academies Press .USA. Johnson G.Frederick ; Stickney R.Roberts, 1989 . FISHERIES , Harvesting Life From Water. University of Washington School of Fisheries . Printed in the United States of America . Kordi, Gufran.2000 . Budidaya Ikan Nila. Dahara Prize. Jakarta. 101 Linder, M.C. 1992. Nutrisi dan Metabolisme Karbohidrat, hal 261-344. Dalam: M. C. Linder. (Ed.), Biokimia, Nutrisi dan Metabolisme (Terjemahan ). UIPress, Jakarta, Indonesia. Mertz W. 1993. Chromium in human nutrition : A Review. J. Nutrition 626-633. [NRC] National Research Council.. 1977. Nutrien Requirement Of Warm Water Fishes.National Acad. Press, Washington , D.C.,USA,17 pp. [NRC] National Research Council.. 1997. Nutrien Requirement Of Warm Water Fishesand shellfish. National Academy. Press, Washington , D.C.,USA. Nybakken W.J. 1992. Biologi Laut suatu Pendekatan Ekologis . PT. Gramedia

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