This section covers the modelling of the 3 phase 100kVA Dry type energy efficient switchable transformer designed, by using the finite element modelling technique. The purpose of the modelling was to find out how the magnetic flux density distribution, magnetic field intensity distribution, thermal distribution on the industrial distribution transformer. In addition, the transformer modelling with finite element method also allowed for the eddy current present, impedance, and also power losses to be seen. This will allow for the purposes of optimizing and increasing the performance of the power transformer for the future design. Before start modelling the transformer, first thing is to research the industrial conventional transformer on its core size, window size as well as the volts per turn, for this project, proj2007z team members have visited ETSA to obtain all relevant 100kVA transformer information. After that, the transformer core is designed by according to the AEM core manufacturer standard. For the dry type transformer, the current density has to be maintained between 2.4A/mm2, and all the design parameter is depending on this factor. The purposes of developing the switchable transformer is to reducing the copper losses produced during high load, and core losses produced during low load period by switching the transformer to the parallel and series configuration respectively. Modelling a transformers characteristic by applying ANSYS finite element analysis, analysed the flux present in the transformer core material. This will model the effect of the core flux that has on the transformer. This modelling can be used to explore the effect has on the transformer core once the changed applied to the coil configurations. Beside that, the effect on the transformer performances and also the efficiency has on the transformer can also be shown under the modelling of the finite element method. This modelling provided a better way to investigate and hence more accurately
provided information of the transformer before the actual design of the transformer.
Figure 2: Geometry model of 100kVA Transformer in ProE Secondly, this geometry model was imported into ANSYS Multiphysics work space and the figure below indicated the 100kVA geometry models in ANSYS work space. The difference in colour indicated the phase A, B and C primary and secondary winding and also the core material for the 100kVA energy efficient transformer.
Establishing Model
In defining the physics environment for an analysis, you establish a mathematical simulation model for the physical problem. In the ANSYS electromagnetic analysis, the electromagnetic fields are governed by Maxwells Equations such as { H } = { J } +
D D = {Js} +{Je} +{Jv} + , t t
{ J s } = applied source current density vector { J e } = induced eddy current density vector { J v } = velocity current density vector
{D} = electric flux density vector
{B} = magnetic flux density vector = electric charge density
For the model created, materials properties need to be assigned to each component. Below showed the B-H table and material properties of the M3 high efficiency silicon steel for the electromagnetic material of the transformer core. These values are inserted via the material library from the ANSYS software.
Figure 6: Applied load and energy distribution model The green colour indicated the applied voltage; the purple colour indicated the current distribution on the coil of the transformer.
Conclusion
The development of the model was not an easy and beside that it is very time consuming to produce a model. The model was required to duplicate the physical transformer itself to be as accurate as possible to the actual condition itself. In order to achieve or modelled an actual transformer, it required a brilliant idea and intricate knowledge regarding the quality of the core and also how does it effects the performance of the model as the difference DOF was selected. ANSYS Multiphysics is a software that required a lot of practices and also it is very powerful on the three dimensional analysis of the finite element model. But due to the time constraint, the overall transformer modelling is unable to complete on the time given. Therefore this project might be carried on by the new project students to accomplish for next year. Generally, in actual transformer the flux leakage into the surrounding air would be substantially higher for the central leg thus it can reduced the flux density on the other two of the outer core legs. This finite element modelling is worth learning for further use for work, but again the finite element modelling on three dimensional performance of the transformer required great deal on knowledge and also required a lot practicing on the software use.