MaritimIndonesia
DIREKTORATJENDERALPOSDANTELEKOMUNIKASI
DEPARTEMENKOMUNIKASIDANINFORMATIKA
2010
DAFTARISI
DAFTARISI........................................................................................................II
DAFTARTABEL..................................................................................................III
I.PENDAHULUAN...............................................................................................1
1.LatarBelakangMasalah.....................................................................................................1
2.Tujuan.................................................................................................................................1
2.GLOBALMARITIMEDISTRESSANDSAFETYSYSTEM(GMDSS)...................................2
1.KlasifikasiAreaNavigasiDanKebutuhanPerangkatPerArea...........................................3
2.KategoriPerangkat.............................................................................................................4
2.1KelasPerangkatDSC..................................................................................................................4
2.2KategoriPerangkatEPIRB..........................................................................................................5
3.MaritimeMobileServiceIndentity(MMSI).......................................................................7
4.KanalFrekuensiMFMaritim..............................................................................................7
5.KanalFrekuensiHFMaritim...............................................................................................8
6.KanalFrekuensiVHFMaritim...........................................................................................14
6.1AlokasiFrekuensiVHFMaritimAmerika.................................................................................14
6.2AlokasiFrekuensiVHFMaritimInggris....................................................................................16
6.3AlokasiFrekuensiVHFMaritimAustralia................................................................................18
6.4PerbandinganAlokasiFrekuensiVHFMaritimAmerika,Inggris,Australia,ITU......................20
III.PEMBAHASANMASALAH................................................................................25
1.AspekPerangkat...............................................................................................................25
2.AspekFrekuensi................................................................................................................26
MF..................................................................................................................................................26
HF...................................................................................................................................................27
VHF.................................................................................................................................................27
3.TindakLanjut....................................................................................................................30
4.Saran.................................................................................................................................30
Halamaniidaritotal33Halaman
DAFTARTABEL
TABEL2.1PERBANDINGANKELAS&KEMAMPUANPERANGKATDSC(WWW.NAVCEN.USCG.GOV).............5
TABEL2.2ALOKASIUMUMFREKUENSIMFUNTUKKEPERLUANMARITIM............................................7
TABEL2.3ALOKASIFREKUENSIHFUNTUKKEPERLUANMARITIM.......................................................8
TABLE2.4ALOKASIFREKUENSIVHFMARITIMAMERIKA(USCOASTGUARDNAVIGATIONCENTER).........14
TABLE2.5ALOKASIFREKUENSIVHFMARITIMINGGRIS(THEUKSEAKAYAKGUIDEBOOK)....................16
TABLE2.6ALOKASIFREKUENSIVHFMARITIMAUSTRALIA(WWW.SCANAUSTRALIA.BIGPONDHOSTING.COM)
..................................................................................................................................18
TABLE2.7PERBANDINGANALOKASIFREKUENSIVHFMARITIMAMERIKA,INGGRIS,AUSTRALIA,ITU.......20
TABEL3.1PERBANDINGANMFGMDSSDENGANMFTAFSRI.......................................................26
TABLE3.2PERBANDINGANALOKASIFREKUENSIHFITURRDANINDONESIA.....................................27
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I.PENDAHULUAN
1.LatarBelakangMasalah
a. KlaiminterferensidipitaVHFamatir.
b. Temuandilapanganberedarnyaperangkatkomunikasiradiountukkeperluanmaritimyangmanadari
spesifikasiperangkatnyaternyatamemilikiInbandTxdipitafrekuensiamatir,daninbandRxhinggadi
pitafrekuensinavigasipenerbangan.
c. Perbedaanhargadipasaranantaraperangkatradiononmaritimdenganyangperangkatradiomaritim.
d. Perizinanperangkatradiomaritimtidakmemilikiacuanyangtegasperihalwhitelistdanblacklist.
e. Belum adanya kejelasan alokasi frekuensi untuk keperluan maritim yang sesuai dengan rekomendasi
ITU.
f. Teridentifikasinyajenisperangkatbeaconyangternyatatelahobsoletepenggunaannyadiinternasional.
2.Tujuan
a. MenindaklanjutilaporaninterferensipitaVHFdirentangkeperluanamatir.
b. Menindaklanjuti hasil konfirmasi di lapangan berkenaan dengan temuan perangkat komunikasi radio
bukan seri maritim yang memiliki rentang frekuensi kerja VHF mencakup pita amatir, pita navigasi
penerbangan,danpitamaritim.
c. Pembenahansistemperizinanperangkatkomunikasiradiomaritime.
d. Menginformasikan adanya perubahan jenis perangkat beacon maritim khususnya untuk keperluan
marabahayayang"diakui"olehinternasionalper1Februari2009.
e. Mengusahakan standar perangkat komunikasi radio maritim yang sesuai dengan regulasi negara dan
terjangkaubagipenggunanya(khususnyanelayan).
Halaman1daritotal33Halaman
2.GLOBALMARITIMEDISTRESSANDSAFETYSYSTEM(GMDSS)
Global Maritime Distress Safety System (GMDSS) merupakan konvensi internasional mengenai
prosedurkeselamatan,ragamperangkat,danprotokolkomunikasidalammeningkatkankeselamatannavigasi
dankemudahanpenyelematan(SearchAndRescue)armadalautdanudara.GMDSSmembahasantaralain:
Klasifikasiareanavigasi.
Persyaratanminimumperangkatberdasarkanareanavigasi.
Kategoriperangkat
PenomoranIDperangkat(MMSI)
Alokasikanalfrekuensi
PerangkatminimumnavigasiyangdisyaratkansecaraumummenurutGMDSSantaralain:
EPIRB(EmergencyPositionIndicatingRadioBeacon),406MHzatau1.6GHz
NAVTEX(NavigationalTelex)
Inmarsat Receiver (jika beroperasi di cakupan Inmarsat dan penggunaan NAVTEX maupun HF NBDP tidak
dimungkinkan)
SART(SearchAndRescueTransponder).1buahuntuk<300GRT,2untuk300<GRT<500,3untuk>500GRT
DSC(DigitalSelectiveCalling)Transceiver,mampumengakomodasiDSCchannel6,13,16,70
2portableVHFtransceiver(<500GRT),3VHFtransceiver(>500GRT)diperahudarurat
Gambar1.KomponenGMDSS
Halaman2daritotal33Halaman
1.KlasifikasiAreaNavigasiDanKebutuhanPerangkatPerArea
GMDSSmengklasifikasikanjenisjangkauanpelayarankedalam4areanavigasi.Masingmasingarea
navigasi memsyaratkan kebutuhan perangkat yang berbedabeda. Keseluruhan pembagian area navigasi
tersebutantaralain:
AreaA1
o radius2030nauticalmiledaristasiunpantai(CoastStation)
o beradadalamjangkauanVHFstasiunpantai
AreaA2
o diluarareaA1,dantidakmelebihijarak100150nauticalmile
o beradadalamjangkauanMFstasiunpantai
AreaA3
o diluarareaA1danA2,danberadadalamcakupansatelitGEOInmarsat.
o cakupansatelitGEOInmarsat=70LUhingga70LS
AreaA4
o diluarareaA1,A2,danA3
o daerahkutubutara/selatandenganlatitude>70
Gambar2.IlustrasiAreaA1,A2,A3dancakupansatelitInmarsat(www.ashcomsys.com,www.inmarsat.com)
KebutuhanperangkatperarmadapermasingmasingjenisareanavigasisesuaistandarGMDSSialah:
1) Area A1, perangkat minimum sebagaimana telah disebutkan dengan opsi diperbolehkan mengganti 406
MHzEPIRBmenjadiVHFDSCEPIRB.
2) AreaA2,perangkatminimumsebagaimanatelahdisebutkandantambahan:
a)
1 set Radio MF yang mampu TX/RX di frekuensi 2187.5 KHz menggunakan DSC dan 2182 KHz
menggunakanradioteleponi
Halaman3daritotal33Halaman
b) 1ReceiverpemantauanDSCdi2187.5KHz
c)
1406MHzEPIRB
d) 1 set Radio HF yang beroperasi di pita frekuensi maritim antara 160527500 KHz untuk keperluan
TX/RXkomunikasiradiopadaumumnyaataukebutuhantelegraph
3) AreaA3,perangkatminimumsebagaimanatelahdisebutkandantambahanset:
a)
1setperangkatstasiunkapalInmarsatC
b) 1setRadioMF
c)
1ReceiverpemantauanDSCdi2187.5KHz
d) 1406MHzEPIRB
e)
1 set Radio HF yang beroperasi di pita frekuensi maritim antara 160527500 KHz untuk keperluan
TX/RXkomunikasiradiopadaumumnyaataukebutuhantelegraph
Atau:
a)
1 set radio MF/HF yang mampu TX/RX di frekuensi distress & safety pita maritim 160527500 KHz
menggunakanDSC,radioteleponi,NBDP(NarrowbandDirectPrinting)
b) 1ReceiverMF/HFDSCyangmampumemantauterusdi2187.5KHz,8414.5KHz,dansetidaknya1dari
frekuensidistressDSC4,207.5kHz,6,312kHz,12,577kHzor16,804.5kHzkapanpun.
c)
1406MHzEPIRB
d) 1setperangkatstasiunkapalInmarsatC
4) AreaA4,perangkatminimumsebagaimanatelahdisebutkandantambahan:
a)
1 set radio MF/HF yang mampu TX/RX di frekuensi distress & safety pita maritim 160527500 KHz
menggunakanDSC,radioteleponi,NBDP(NarrowbandDirectPrinting)
b) 1ReceiverMF/HFDSCyangmampumemantauterusdi2187.5KHz,8414.5KHz,dansetidaknya1dari
frekuensidistressDSC4,207.5kHz,6,312kHz,12,577kHzor16,804.5kHzkapanpun.
c)
1406MHzEPIRB
d) 1 set Radio HF yang beroperasi di pita frekuensi maritim antara 160527500 KHz untuk keperluan
TX/RXkomunikasiradiopadaumumnyaataukebutuhantelegraph
2.KategoriPerangkat
KelasperangkatuntukkeperluanDSC(Distress,Safety,Calling)danEPIRB.
2.1KelasPerangkatDSC
KelasA
Mencakup semua kemampuan di Annex 1, sesuai dengan standar persyaratan instalasi MF/HF
dan/atau VHF Agendarut IMO GMDSS. Perangkat juga disarankan mendukung fitur semi
otomatis/otomatissesuairekomendasiITURM.689,ITURM.1082danTables4.10.1&4.10.2.
KelasB(MFdan/atauVHF),
MenyediakankemampuanminimumbagikapalyangtidakdiharuskanmenggunakanKelasA,sesuai
dengan standar persyaratan instalasi MF/VHF IMO GMDSS. Perangkat juga disarankan mendukung
Halaman4daritotal33Halaman
fitur semiotomatis/otomatis sesuai rekomendasi ITUR M.689, ITUR M.1082 dan Tables 4.10.1 &
4.10.2.
KelasD(VHF)
Menyediakankemampuanminimumuntukkeperluandistress,urgency,safetyviaVHFDSCtermasuk
pulapanggilan/penerimaanrutin,tidakdiharuskansesuaidenganstandarinstalasiVHFIMOGMDSS.
Dapatmendukungfitursemiotomatis/otomatis
KelasE(MFdan/atauHF)
Menyediakan kemampuan minimumuntukkeperluandistress,urgency,safetyviaMFdan/atauHF
DSC termasuk pula panggilan/penerimaan rutin, tidak diharuskan sesuai dengan standar instalasi
MF/HFIMOGMDSS.Dapatmendukungfitursemiotomatis/otomatis
TABEL2.1PERBANDINGANKELAS&KEMAMPUANPERANGKATDSC(WWW.NAVCEN.USCG.GOV)
A
Distresscall
Capability
Allshipscall
Individualstationcall
Semiautomatic/automaticservicecall
Useofdistress,urgency,safetyandroutinepriorities
Natureofdistress
Distresscoordinates
Timeforlast(distress)positionupdate
Typeofsubsequentcommunications
Distressrelay
X(Receive) X(Receive)
Distressacknowledgment
X (Receive) X(Receive)
Testcall(forMF/HFonly)
Radiofrequencyorchannel
Display
Receivegeographicalareacalls
Alarm
Optionalmeansforcancelingadistressalert
Polling
Positionacknowledgement
Testcall
Testacknowledgement
Data
Dataacknowledgement
2.2KategoriPerangkatEPIRB
Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs) digunakan sebagai media untuk menandai
lokasiterjadinyamarabahayasekaligusmemberitahukanlokasitersebutkepadapetugaspenjagapantai.EPIRB
terbagi menjadi 2 jenis yakni analog EPIRB yang bekerja di frekuensi 121.5/243 MHz dan jenis baru berupa
digitalEPIRByangbekerjadifrekuensi406MHz.KategoriEPIRBanalogdandigitalantaralain:
Halaman5daritotal33Halaman
KelasA
Analog 121.5/243 MHZ, Floatfree, aktif otomatis, terdeteksi oleh pesawat, jangkauan terbatas.
Tidakdiperkenankanlagiuntukdigunakan.
KelasB
Analog121.5/243MHZ.VersiaktifmanualdariKelasA.Tidakdiperkenankanlagiuntukdigunakan.
KelasC
AnalogVHFch15/16.Aktifmanual,beroperasihanyapadakanalmaritimsehinggatidakterdeteksi
olehsatelitmaupunpesawatpadaumumnya.Tidakdiperkenankanlagiuntukdigunakan.
KelasS
Analog121.5/243MHZ.SerupadenganKelasBtetapimengapungataumenjadibagiandariperahu
darurat.Tidakdiperkenankanlagiuntukdigunakan.
KategoriI
Digital 406/121.5 MHZ. Floatfree, aktif otomatis, terdeteksi oleh satelit di dunia. Dikenal dan
digunakanolehGMDSSsaatini.
KategoriII
SerupadenganKategoriI,kecualiaktifmanual.Beberapamodelwateractivated.
InmarsatE
1646 MHz, Floatfree, aktif otomatis, terdeteksi oleh satelit GEO Inmarsat. Tidak lagi digunakan
terhitungsejak1Desember2006.
AnalogVsDigitalEPIRB
Analog EPIRB (121.5 MHz) tidak dapat dideteksi oleh satelit GEO (GEO mencakup hingga 85% belahan
bumi).
DigitalEPIRB(406MHz)danAnalogEPIRBdapatbekerjadengansatelitLEO,namunDigitalEPIRBbekerja
lebihbaik.
AnalogEPIRBhanyamemancarkansinyaldi121.5MHz.DigitalEPIRBselainmemancarkansinyal121.5MHz
berdayarendah,jugamengirimkankodeidentifikasidigitaldi406MHz.
MayoritaskesalahanalertdariEPIRB406MHzdapatdiselesaikandenganmudahviapanggilantelepon.Lain
haldenganEPIRB121.5MHzdimanasetiapkesalahanalertharusdicekkesumbermenggunakanperangkat
directionfinding.Dengandemikian,EPIRB406MHzakanmenghematwaktuSAR.
PenerimaanalertolehsatelitCospasSarsatdariEPIRB121.5MHzhanyadilakukanhingga1Februari2009.
Lewat tanggal tersebut, satelit hanya menerima dari EPIRB 406 MHz, seiring pula dengan perubahan
transmisianalogmenjadidigital.
InformasilokasiyangditerimadariEPIRB406MHzjauhlebihakurat,dansinyalyangdikirimpunmembawa
informasi registrasi. Dari informasi registrasi tersebut, jika registrasi dilakukan dengan tepat, dapat
diketahui informasi kontak pemilik, informasi kontak darurat, dan karakteristik pengenal dari armada
bersangkutan.
Halaman6daritotal33Halaman
3.MaritimeMobileServiceIndentity(MMSI)
MaritimeMobileServiceIdentity(MMSI)merupakan9digitnomoryangmengidentifikasikanperangkatVHF.
BagiankiridariMMSImenandakannegaradanjenisstasiun.
Stasiunkapal(MIDXXXXXX)
:232,233,234atau235>Inggris.Contoh:232003556
525>Indonesia
StasiunPantai(00MIDXXXX :002320011(002320011)>SolentCoastguard,Inggris
Grupstasiun(0MIDXXXXX)
:023207823(023207823)
PerangkatDSCPortable
:ContohInggris:2359>235900498
4.KanalFrekuensiMFMaritim
Kanal maritim di pita MF umumnya ditujukan untuk daftar stasiun pantai dan keperluan Distress, Safety, &
Calling.DSCmenggunakanfrekuensi2182KHz.
List lengkap dapat dilihat di http://www.coastalradio.org.uk/freqlists/coastmf.pdf. Penggunaan umum kanal
MFmaritimeialah:
TABEL2.2ALOKASIUMUMFREKUENSIMFUNTUKKEPERLUANMARITIM
FrekuensiMF
Kode
490.0KHz MSI
Keterangan
Digunakan eksklusif untuk Tx MSI (Maritime Safety Information) yang
mencakupinformasimeteorology,daninformasidaruratdaristasiunpenjaga
pantaikekapalmenggunakanmediatelegraphNBDP.
518.0KHz MSI
2174.5KHz NBDPCOM
DigunakaneksklusifuntuksistemNAVTEXinternasional
Digunakanuntukkeperluantrafikkomukasimarabahayamenggunakanmedia
telegraphNBDP
2182.0KHz RTPCOM
Digunakanuntukkeperluantrafikkomukasimarabahayamenggunakanmedia
radiotelepon.KelasemisiJ3E.
2187.5KHz DSC
Halaman7daritotal33Halaman
5.KanalFrekuensiHFMaritim
TABEL2.3ALOKASIFREKUENSIHFUNTUKKEPERLUANMARITIM
Channel
number
121
401427
428
429
F(KHz)
Ship
40004060
21Channels,3KHzspacing
#SubSectionC1#
40634065
(4063.34064.8)
6Channles,0.3KHzspacing
40654146
43574438
(4066.44144.4)
(4358.44436.4)
27Channel,3KHzspacing
41464152
(4146&4149)
4146
4149
#SubSectionB#
F (KHz)
Coast
4351
4354
41524172
(41544170)
5Channel,4KHzspacing.
41724181.75
4209.254219.25
(4172.54181.5)
(4210.54219)
18Channel
18Channel
0.5KHzspacing
0.5KHzspacing
4181.754186.75
(41824186.5)
5Group,10Channels,0.5KHzspacing
4186.754202.25
(41874202)
31Channel,0.5KHzspacing
4202.254207.25
(4202.54207)
10Channel,0.5KHzspacing
4207.254209.25
(4207.54209)
4Channel
4219.254221
(4219.54220.5)
3Channel
Remarks
Simplex ship to ship HF frequencies, shared with
fixedservicesC1.
for supplementing shiptoshore channels for
duplexoperationinSubSectionA;
for intership simplex (singlefrequency) and
crossbandoperation;
forcrossbandworkingwithcoaststationsSub
SectionC2
for duplex operation with coast stations
workingintheband44384650kHz;
forduplexoperationwithChannelNos.428and
429
Frequencies assignable to ship stations for
oceanographicdatatransmission
Duplex.Frequenciesassignabletostationsfor
telephony
Channel421:4125/4417isforCalling,Distress,
andSafety
Simplex.Frequenciesassignabletoshipstations
andcoaststationsfortelephony,simplex
operation
Coast station frequencies may be paired with a
ship station frequency from the Table of simplex
frequencies for ship and coast stations (see Sub
Section B) or with a frequency from the band 4
0004063kHz(seeSubSectionC1)tobeselected
bytheadministrationconcerned.
Frequencies assignable to ship stations for wide
band telegraphy, facsimile and special
transmissionsystems
Frequencies (paired) assignable to stations for
NBDP and data transmission systems, at speeds
notexceeding100BdforFSKand200BdforPSK
Callingfrequenciesassignabletoshipstationsfor
A1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy
CommonChannel:4184&4184.5KHz
Working frequencies assignable to ship stations
forA1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy
Frequencies (non paired) assignable to ship
stations for NBDP telegraphy and data
transmissionsystemsatspeedsnotexceeding100
BdforFSKand200BdforPSKandforA1AorA1B
Morsetelegraphy(working)
Frequencies assignable to stations for digital
selectivecalling
Halaman8daritotal33Halaman
0.5KHzspacing
0.5KHzspacing
42214351
601608
62006224
65016525
(6201.46222.4)
(6502.46523.4)
8Channel,3KHzspacing
62246233
(6225.4,6228.4,6231.4)
3Channel,3KHzspacing
62336261
(62356259)
7Channel,4KHzspacing.
62616262.75
(6261.36262.5)
5Channels,0.3KHzspacing
6262.756275.75
6313.756330.75
(62636275.5)
(63146330.5)
6280.756284.75
34Channel
(62816284.5)
0.5KHzspacing
34Channel
0.5KHzspacing
6275.756280.75
(62766280.5)
5Group,10Channels,0.5KHzspacing
6284.756300.25
(62856300)
31Channel,0.5KHzspacing
6300.256311.75
(6300.56311.5)
23Channel,0.5KHzspacing
6311.756313.75
6330.756332.5
(6312.56313.5)
(63316332)
4Channel
3Channel
0.5KHzspacing
0.5KHzspacing
6332.56501
131
801832
81018191
31Channels,3KHzspacing
#SubSectionC2#
81958290
87198815
Frequenciesassignabletocoaststationsforwide
bandandA1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy,facsimile,
specialanddatatransmissionsystemsanddirect
printingtelegraphysystems
Duplex.Frequenciesassignabletostationsfor
telephony
Channel606:6215/6516isforCalling,Distress,
andSafety
Simplex.Frequenciesassignabletoshipstations
andcoaststationsfortelephony
Frequencies assignable to ship stations for wide
band telegraphy, facsimile and special
transmissionsystems
Frequencies assignable to ship stations for
oceanographicdatatransmission
Frequencies (paired) assignable to stations for
NBDP and data transmission systems, at speeds
notexceeding100BdforFSKand200BdforPSK
Callingfrequenciesassignabletoshipstationsfor
A1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy
CommonChannel:6276&6276.5KHz
Working frequencies assignable to ship stations
forA1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy
Frequencies (non paired) assignable to ship
stations for NBDP telegraphy and data
transmissionsystemsatspeedsnotexceeding100
BdforFSKand200BdforPSKandforA1AorA1B
Morsetelegraphy(working)
Frequencies assignable to stations for digital
selectivecalling
Frequenciesassignabletocoaststationsforwide
bandandA1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy,facsimile,
specialanddatatransmissionsystemsanddirect
printingtelegraphysystems
Simplex ship to ship HF frequencies, shared with
fixedservicesC1.
for supplementing shiptoshore channels for
duplexoperationinSubSectionA;
for intership simplex (singlefrequency) and
crossbandoperation;
forcrossbandworkingwithcoaststationsSub
SectionC2
For shiptoshore or shoretoship simplex
operations.
for duplex operation with Channel Nos.
834,835,836and837
Duplex. Frequencies assignable to stations for
Halaman9daritotal33Halaman
833
834837
(8196.48289.4)
(8720.48813.4)
32Channel,3KHzspacing
8291
8294
8707
8297
8710
#SubSectionB#
8713
8716
4Channels
82948300
(8295.4,8298.4)
2Channel,3KHzspacing
83008340
(83028338)
10Channel,4KHzspacing.
83408341.75
(8340.38341.5)
5Channels,0.3KHzspacing
8341.758365.75
(83428365.5)
8370.758376.25
(83718376)
59Channel,0.5KHzspacing
8365.758370.75
(83668370.5)
5Group,10Channels,0.5KHzspacing
8376.258396.25
8376.5
(8376.58396)
8416.258436.25
40Channel
(84178436)
0.5KHzspacing
40Channel
0.5KHzspacing
8396.258414.25
(8396.58414)
36Channel,0.5KHzspacing
8414.258416.25
8436.258438
(8414.58416)
(8436.58437.5)
4Channel
3Channel
0.5KHzspacing
0.5KHzspacing
84388707
12011241
1223012353
1307713200
(12231.412351.4) (13078.413198.4)
41Channel,3KHzspacing
1235312368
(12354.412366.4)
5Channel,3KHzspacing
1236812420
(1237012418)
13Channel,4KHzspacing.
1242012421.75
telephony
Channel821:8255/8779isforCalling
Simplex.Channel833:8255/8779isforCalling
Coast station frequencies may be paired with a
ship station frequency from the Table of simplex
frequencies for ship and coast stations (see Sub
Section B) or with a frequency from the band
81008195 kHz (see SubSection C2) to be
selectedbytheadministrationconcerned.
Simplex.Frequenciesassignabletoshipstations
andcoaststationsfortelephony
Frequencies assignable to ship stations for wide
band telegraphy, facsimile and special
transmissionsystems
Frequencies assignable to ship stations for
oceanographicdatatransmission
Working frequencies assignable to ship stations
forA1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy
Callingfrequenciesassignabletoshipstationsfor
A1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy
CommonChannel:8368&8369KHz
Frequencies (paired) assignable to stations for
NBDP and data transmission systems, at speeds
notexceeding100BdforFSKand200BdforPSK
Frequenciesassignabletocoaststationsforwide
bandandA1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy,facsimile,
specialanddatatransmissionsystemsanddirect
printingtelegraphysystems
Duplex. Frequencies assignable to stations for
telephony
Channel 1221: 12290/13137 is for Calling,
Distress,andSafety
Simplex.Frequenciesassignabletoshipstations
andcoaststationsfortelephony
Frequencies assignable to ship stations for wide
band telegraphy, facsimile and special
transmissionsystems
Frequencies assignable to ship stations for
Halaman10daritotal33Halaman
(12420.312421.5)
5Channels,0.3KHzspacing
12421.7512476.75
(1242212476.5)
110Channel,0.5KHzspacing
12476.7512549.75 12578.7512656,75
(1247712549.5)
(1257912656.5)
12554.7512559.75
156Channel
(1255512559.5)
0.5KHzspacing
156Channel
0.5KHzspacing
12549.7512554.75
(1255012554.5)
5Group,10Channels,0.5KHzspacing
12559.7512576.75
(1256012576.5)
34Channel,0.5KHzspacing
12576.7512578.75 12656.7512658.5
(1257712578.5)
(1265712658)
4Channel
3Channel
0.5KHzspacing
0.5KHzspacing
12658.513077
16011656
1636016528
1724217410
(16361.416526.4) (17243.417408.4)
56Channel,3KHzspacing
1652816549
(16529.416547.4)
7Channel,3KHzspacing
1654916617
(1655116615)
17Channel,4KHzspacing.
1661716618.75
(16617.316618.5)
5Channels,0.3KHzspacing
16618.7516683.25
(1661916683)
129Channel,0.5KHzspacing
16683.2516733.75 16806.2516902,75
(16683.516733.5) (16806.516902.5)
16738.7516784.75
193Channel
(1673916784.5)
0.5KHzspacing
193Channel
0.5KHzspacing
16733.7516738.75
(1673416738.5)
5Group,10Channels,0.5KHzspacing
16784.7516804.25
(1678516804)
39Channel,0.5KHzspacing
oceanographicdatatransmission
Working frequencies assignable to ship stations
forA1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy
Frequencies (paired) assignable to stations for
NBDP and data transmission systems, at speeds
notexceeding100BdforFSKand200BdforPSK
Callingfrequenciesassignabletoshipstationsfor
A1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy
CommonChannel:12552&12553.5KHz
Frequencies (non paired) assignable to ship
stations for NBDP telegraphy and data
transmissionsystemsatspeedsnotexceeding100
BdforFSKand200BdforPSKandforA1AorA1B
Morsetelegraphy(working)
Frequencies assignable to stations for digital
selectivecalling
Frequenciesassignabletocoaststationsforwide
bandandA1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy,facsimile,
specialanddatatransmissionsystemsanddirect
printingtelegraphysystems
Duplex. Frequencies assignable to stations for
telephony
Channel 1621: 16420/17302 is for Calling,
Distress,andSafety
Simplex.Frequenciesassignabletoshipstations
andcoaststationsfortelephony
Frequencies assignable to ship stations for wide
band telegraphy, facsimile and special
transmissionsystems
Frequencies assignable to ship stations for
oceanographicdatatransmission
Working frequencies assignable to ship stations
forA1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy
Frequencies (paired) assignable to stations for
NBDP and data transmission systems, at speeds
notexceeding100BdforFSKand200BdforPSK
Callingfrequenciesassignabletoshipstationsfor
A1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy
CommonChannel:16736&16738KHz
Frequencies (non paired) assignable to ship
stations for NBDP telegraphy and data
transmissionsystemsatspeedsnotexceeding100
Halaman11daritotal33Halaman
16804.2516806.25 16902.7516904.5
(16804.516806)
(1690316904)
4Channel
3Channel
0.5KHzspacing
0.5KHzspacing
16904.517242
18011815
1878018825
1975519800
(18781.418823.4) (19756.419798.4)
15Channel,3KHzspacing
1882518846
(18826.418844.4)
7Channel,3KHzspacing
1884618870
(1884818868)
6Channel,4KHzspacing.
1887018892.75
19680.2519703,25
(18870.518892.5)
(1968119703.5)
45Channel
45Channel
0.5KHzspacing
0.5KHzspacing
18892.7518898.25
(1889318898)
11Channel,0.5KHzspacing
18898.2518899.75
19703.2519705
(18898.518899.5) (19703.519704.5)
3Channel
3Channel
0.5KHzspacing
0.5KHzspacing
1970519755
22012253
2200022159
2269622855
(22001.422157.4) (22697.422853.4)
53Channel,3KHzspacing
2215922180
(22160.422178.4)
7Channel,3KHzspacing
2218022240
(2218222238)
15Channel,4KHzspacing.
2224022241.75
(22240.322241.5)
5Channels,0.3KHzspacing
22241.7522279.25
(2224222279)
75Channel,0.5KHzspacing
22279.2522284.25
(22279.522284)
5Group,10Channels,0.5KHzspacing
22284.2522351.75 22375.7522443,75
BdforFSKand200BdforPSKandforA1AorA1B
Morsetelegraphy(working)
Frequencies assignable to stations for digital
selectivecalling
Frequenciesassignabletocoaststationsforwide
bandandA1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy,facsimile,
specialanddatatransmissionsystemsanddirect
printingtelegraphysystems
Duplex. Frequencies assignable to stations for
telephony
Channel1806:18795/19770isforCalling
Simplex.Frequenciesassignabletoshipstations
andcoaststationsfortelephony
Frequencies assignable to ship stations for wide
band telegraphy, facsimile and special
transmissionsystems
Frequencies (paired) assignable to stations for
NBDP and data transmission systems, at speeds
notexceeding100BdforFSKand200BdforPSK
Frequencies (non paired) assignable to ship
stations for NBDP telegraphy and data
transmissionsystemsatspeedsnotexceeding100
BdforFSKand200BdforPSKandforA1AorA1B
Morsetelegraphy(working)
Frequencies assignable to stations for digital
selectivecalling
Frequenciesassignabletocoaststationsforwide
bandandA1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy,facsimile,
specialanddatatransmissionsystemsanddirect
printingtelegraphysystems
Duplex. Frequencies assignable to stations for
telephony
Channel2221:22060/22756isforCalling
Simplex.Frequenciesassignabletoshipstations
andcoaststationsfortelephony
Frequencies assignable to ship stations for wide
band telegraphy, facsimile and special
transmissionsystems
Frequencies assignable to ship stations for
oceanographicdatatransmission
Working frequencies assignable to ship stations
forA1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy
Callingfrequenciesassignabletoshipstationsfor
A1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy
CommonChannel:22280.5&22281KHz
Frequencies (paired) assignable to stations for
Halaman12daritotal33Halaman
(22284.522351.5)
(2237622443.5)
135Channel
135Channel
0.5KHzspacing
0.5KHzspacing
22351.7522374.25
(2235222374)
45Channel,0.5KHzspacing
22374.2522375.75 22443.7522445.5
(22374.522375.5)
(2244422445)
3Channel
3Channel
0.5KHzspacing
0.5KHzspacing
22445.522696
25012510
2507025100
2614526175
(25071.425098.4) (26146.426173.4)
10Channel,3KHzspacing
2510025121
(25101.425119.4)
7Channel,3KHzspacing
2512125161.25
(2512325159)
10Channel,4KHzspacing.
26161.2525171.25
(26161.525171)
20Channel,0.5KHzspacing
25171.2525172.75
SectionIVMorsetelegraphy(calling)
0.5KHzspacing
25172.7525192.75 26100.2526120,75
(25173.525192.5) (26100.526120.5)
40Channel
40Channel
0.5KHzspacing
0.5KHzspacing
25192.7525208.25
(2519325208)
31Channel,0.5KHzspacing
25208.2525210
26120.7526122.5
(25208.525209.5)
(2612126122)
3Channel
3Channel
0.5KHzspacing
0.5KHzspacing
26122.526145
Frequenciesassignabletocoaststationsforwide
bandandA1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy,facsimile,
specialanddatatransmissionsystemsanddirect
printingtelegraphysystems
Duplex. Frequencies assignable to stations for
telephony
Channel2510:25097/26172isforCalling
Simplex.Frequenciesassignabletoshipstations
andcoaststationsfortelephony
Frequencies assignable to ship stations for wide
band telegraphy, facsimile and special
transmissionsystems
Working frequencies assignable to ship stations
forA1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy
Callingfrequenciesassignabletoshipstationsfor
A1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy
Frequencies (paired) assignable to stations for
NBDP and data transmission systems, at speeds
notexceeding100BdforFSKand200BdforPSK
Frequencies (non paired) assignable to ship
stations for NBDP telegraphy and data
transmissionsystemsatspeedsnotexceeding100
BdforFSKand200BdforPSKandforA1AorA1B
Morsetelegraphy(working)
Frequencies assignable to stations for digital
selectivecalling
Frequenciesassignabletocoaststationsforwide
bandandA1AorA1BMorsetelegraphy,facsimile,
specialanddatatransmissionsystemsanddirect
printingtelegraphysystems
Halaman13daritotal33Halaman
6.KanalFrekuensiVHFMaritim
Terdapat beberapa perbedaan antara alokasi frekuensi VHF maritime khususnya antara Amerika
denganITU.Secaragarisbesar,Eropa(khususnyaInggris)danAustraliamengacukerekomendasiITURR.Dari
hasilpenelusurandiinternetpuntersiratbahwaperangkatVHFmaritimeyangberedardiinternasionalterdiri
dari2standaryaknistandarAmerikadanstandarITU.
6.1AlokasiFrekuensiVHFMaritimAmerika
TABLE2.4ALOKASIFREKUENSIVHFMARITIMAMERIKA(USCOASTGUARDNAVIGATIONCENTER)
CHANNEL
NUMBER
01A
05A
6
07A
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18A
19A
20
20A
21A
22A
23A
24
25
26
27
28
63A
65A
66A
SHIP
SHIPRECEIVE
USE
TRANSMIT
MHZ
MHZ
156.050
156.050
PortOperationsandCommercial,VTS.AvailableonlyinNew
Orleans/LowerMississippiarea.
156.250
156.250
PortOperationsorVTSintheHouston,NewOrleansandSeattleareas.
156.300
156.300
IntershipSafety Messages,SARmessagestoCoastGuardship/aircraft.
156.350
156.350
Commercial
156.400
156.400
Commercial(Intershiponly)
156.450
156.450
BoaterCalling.CommercialandNonCommercial.
156.500
156.500
Commercial
156.550
156.550
Commercial.VTSinselectedareas.
156.600
156.600
PortOperations.VTSinselectedareas.
156.650
156.650
IntershipNavigationSafety(Bridgetobridge).Ships>20mlength
maintainalisteningwatchonthischannelinUSwaters.
156.700
156.700
PortOperations.VTSinselectedareas.
156.750
Environmental(Receiveonly).UsedbyClassCEPIRBs.
156.800
156.800
InternationalDistress,SafetyandCalling.Shipsrequiredtocarryradio,
USCG,andmostcoaststationsmaintainalisteningwatchonthis
channel.
156.850
156.850
StateControl
156.900
156.900
Commercial
156.950
156.950
Commercial
157.000
161.600
PortOperations(duplex)
157.000
157.000
PortOperations
157.050
157.050
U.S.CoastGuardonly
157.100
157.100
CoastGuardLiaisonandMaritimeSafetyInformationBroadcasts.
Broadcastsannouncedonchannel16.
157.150
157.150
U.S.CoastGuardonly
157.200
161.800
PublicCorrespondence(MarineOperator)
157.250
161.850
PublicCorrespondence(MarineOperator)
157.300
161.900
PublicCorrespondence(MarineOperator)
157.350
161.950
PublicCorrespondence(MarineOperator)
157.400
162.000
PublicCorrespondence(MarineOperator)
156.175
156.175
PortOperationsandCommercial,VTS.AvailableonlyinNew
Orleans/LowerMississippiarea.
156.275
156.275
PortOperations
156.325
156.325
PortOperations
Halaman14daritotal33Halaman
67
156.375
156.375
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
77
78A
79A
80A
81A
82A
83A
84
85
86
87A
88A
AIS1
AIS2
156.425
156.475
156.525
156.575
156.625
156.675
156.725
156.875
156.925
156.975
157.025
157.075
157.125
157.175
157.225
157.275
157.325
157.375
157.425
161.975
162.025
156.425
156.475
156.525
156.575
156.625
156.675
156.725
156.875
156.925
156.975
157.025
157.075
157.125
157.175
161.825
161.875
161.925
157.375
157.425
161.975
162.025
Commercial.UsedforBridgetobridgecommunicationsinlower
MississippiRiver.Intershiponly.
NonCommercial
NonCommercial
DigitalSelectiveCalling(voicecommunicationsnotallowed)
NonCommercial
NonCommercial(Intershiponly)
PortOperations
PortOperations
PortOperations(Intershiponly)
NonCommercial
Commercial.NonCommercialinGreatLakesonly
Commercial.NonCommercialinGreatLakesonly
U.S.Governmentonly Environmentalprotectionoperations.
U.S.Governmentonly
U.S.CoastGuardonly
PublicCorrespondence(MarineOperator)
PublicCorrespondence(MarineOperator)
PublicCorrespondence(MarineOperator)
PublicCorrespondence(MarineOperator)
Commercial,Intershiponly.
AutomaticIdentificationSystem(AIS)
AutomaticIdentificationSystem(AIS)
Pelayar individu menggunakan kanalkanal yang teridentifikasi sebagai noncommercial. Setiap kapal yang
memiliki panjang 20 meter diharuskan untuk aktif memantau kanal 13 dan 16 ketika berada di wilayah
perairanAmerika.Kanalkanalpentingantaralain:
Channel16(156.800MHz)Distress,safetyandcalling
Channel13(156.650MHz)Intershipnavigation(bridgetobridge)
Channel70(156.525MHz)DigitalSelectiveCalling
Halaman15daritotal33Halaman
6.2AlokasiFrekuensiVHFMaritimInggris
TABLE2.5ALOKASIFREKUENSIVHFMARITIMINGGRIS(THEUKSEAKAYAKGUIDEBOOK)
UKVHF
Channels
Transmitting
Frequencies(MHz)
Simplex
/
Duplex
Intership
PortOperationsand
ShipMovement
Public
correspondence
Ship
Stations
156.000
Coast
Stations
156.000
156.050
160.650
duplex
156.100
160.700
duplex
156.150
160.750
duplex
156.200
160.800
duplex
156.250
160.850
duplex
156.300
157.300
simplex
intership
156.350
160.950
duplex
156.400
157.400
simplex
intership
private
UsedbyUKHMCoastguard
156.450
156.450
simplex
intership
10
156.500
156.500
simplex
intership
11
156.550
156.550
simplex
12
156.600
156.600
simplex
13
156.650
156.650
simplex
intership
14
156.700
156.700
simplex
15
156.750
156.750
simplex
intership
16
156.800
156.800
simplex
17
156.850
156.850
simplex
DISTRESS,SAFETYANDCALLING usedforinitialcontact
thenselectaWorkingChannel.
intership
x
18
156.900
161.500
duplex
19
156.950
161.550
duplex
20
157.000
161.600
duplex
21
157.050
161.650
duplex
22
157.100
161.700
duplex
23
157.150
161.750
duplex
24
157.200
161.800
duplex
25
157.250
161.850
duplex
26
157.300
161.900
duplex
27
157.350
161.950
duplex
28
157.400
162.000
duplex
29to36
private
37(M1)
157.850
157.850
private
Usedby UKMarinasandYachtClubs
38to59
private
60
156.025
160.625
duplex
61
156.075
160.675
duplex
Halaman16daritotal33Halaman
62
156.125
160.725
duplex
63
156.175
160.775
64
156.225
65
156.275
66
duplex
160.825
duplex
160.875
duplex
156.325
160.925
duplex
67
156.375
156.375
simplex
68
156.425
156.425
simplex
69
156.475
156.475
simplex
70
156.525
156.525
simplex
71
156.575
156.575
simplex
72
156.625
156.625
simplex
intership
73
156.675
156.675
simplex
intership
74
156.725
156.725
75
156.775
76
intership
intership
UKCoastguard
x
DigitalSelectiveCalling(DSC)ONLY
x
simplex
156.775
simplex
156.825
156.825
simplex
77
156.875
156.875
simplex
78
156.925
161.525
duplex
79
156.975
161.575
duplex
80
157.025
161.625
duplex
UKMarinas
81
157.075
161.675
duplex
82
157.125
161.725
duplex
83
157.175
161.775
duplex
84
157.225
161.825
duplex
85
157.275
161.875
duplex
86
157.325
161.925
duplex
87
157.375
157.375
simplex
88
157.425
157.425
simplex
M2
161.425
161.425
private
UsedbyUKMarinasandYachtClubs
ASI1
162.025
162.025
simplex
AutomaticShipIdentification(data)
ASI2
161.975
161.975
simplex
AutomaticShipIdentification(data)
intership
x
x
Kesimpulan:
Kanalutamauntukkeperluanantarkapal:06,08,09,10,13,15,17,67,69,72,73,77
Kanalkhususpenjagapantai:10,23,67,73,84,86
Kanalkhususunyukmarina:80,M1(37)
KanalkhususuntukYachtClubs:M1(37),M2
Halaman17daritotal33Halaman
6.3AlokasiFrekuensiVHFMaritimAustralia
TABLE2.6ALOKASIFREKUENSIVHFMARITIMAUSTRALIA(WWW.SCANAUSTRALIA.BIGPONDHOSTING.COM)
Channel
number
1
2
3
4
5
6
F(MHz)
Ship
156.050
156.100
156.150
156.200
156.250
156.300
F(MHz)
Coast
160.650
160.700
160.750
160.800
160.850
156.300
Seaphone
Seaphone
Seaphone
Seaphone
Seaphone
Simplex,Rescue
7 156.350
8 156.400
156.350
156.400
Simplex,Seaphone
Simplex,PortOps
9 156.450
156.450
Simplex,PortOps
156.500
156.550
156.600
156.650
156.700
156.750
156.500
156.550
156.600
156.650
156.700
156.750
Simplex,PortOps
Simplex,PortOps
Simplex,HarborControl
Simplex,Navigation
Simplex,PortOps
Simplex,OilSpills
16 156.800
17 156.850
156.800
156.850
Simplex,CallChannel
Simplex,InlandWater
18 156.900
156.900
Simplex
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
161.500
161.550
161.600
161.650
161.700
161.750
161.800
161.850
161.900
161.950
162.000
160.625
160.675
160.725
160.775
160.825
160.875
160.925
156.375
PublicUse
PublicUse
PortOps
CoastGuard
CoastGuard
Seaphone
Seaphone
Seaphone
Seaphone
Seaphone
Seaphone
Seaphone
Seaphone
Seaphone
Seaphone
Seaphone
PortOps
Seaphone
Simplex,Weather
10
11
12
13
14
15
156.900
156.950
157.000
157.050
157.100
157.150
157.200
157.250
157.300
157.350
157.400
156.025
156.075
156.125
156.175
156.225
156.275
156.325
156.375
Type
Use
InternationalCoOrdinatedAirtoSea
RescueFrequency.Ship&AircraftSAR
Tug&PilotBoatServices,CommericalShip
ToShip
FirstPrefferedAircraftToShipOrCoast
StationChannel
PortOpsbetweenShip&Shore
PortOpsbetweenShip&Shore
PortOpsbetweenShip&Shore
InternationalShippingNavigationChannel
ShipToShore/ShoreToShip
Spills,ShippingAccidentsOcean
EnvironmentProtection.Onboard
communicationpowernomorethan1W
InternationalMarineVHFCallingChannel
InlandWaterwaysControlStateGovt
Based.Onboardcommunicationpowerno
morethan1W
Communicationbeingnavigationrelated
andtheoutputtransmissionpowerlimited
to1wattorlesstoavoidharmful
interferencetoChannel16.
NonCommercialBoaters
NonCommercialBoaters
AustralianVolunteerCoastGuard[AVCG]
AustralianVolunteerCoastGuard[AVCG]
MarineWeatherBroadcast4timesdaily
Halaman18daritotal33Halaman
fromVMF555.Distress&Safety
(supplementary)
68
69
70
71
156.425
156.475
156.525
156.575
156.425
156.475
156.525
156.575
Simplex,PortOps
Simplex,AustralianNavy
Simplex.Safety
Simplex,ProFishing
72 156.625
156.625
Simplex.PortOps
73 156.675
156.675
Simplex.Intership
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
156.725
156.775
156.825
156.875
156.925
156.975
157.025
157.075
157.125
156.725
156.775
156.825
156.875
161.525
161.575
161.625
161.675
157.125
Simplex,PortOps
Simplex,Intership
Simplex,Intership
Simplex.PortOps
PublicUse
PortOps
Safety
Safety
Simplex
82 157.125
161.725
Safety
83
84
85
86
157.175
157.225
157.275
157.325
161.775
161.825
161.875
157.325
Seaphone
Seaphone
Seaphone
Simplex
86 157.325
87A 157.375
161.925
157.375
Seaphone
Simplex,AIS
87B 157.375
161.975
Simplex,AIS
88 157.425
162.025
Seaphone
AustralianNavyOperations
DSCDistress&SafetyDIGITAL
ProfessionalFishingTrawlersetc&Regd
BoatClubs
SecondPrefferedAircraftToShipOrCoast
StationChannel
ThirdPrefferedAircraftToShipOrCoast
StationChannel
ShipToShipCommuncationsOnly(1watt)
ShipToShipCommuncationsOnly(1watt)
AustralianVolunteerCoastGuard[AVCG]
Noncommercial Calling&Working
Safety&ShippingMovements
Safety&ShippingMovements
Communicationbeingnavigationrelated
andtheoutputtransmissionpowerlimited
to1wattorlesstoavoidharmful
interferencetoChannel16.
GovtSafetyBodysOnlyPolice,Fire,Marine
Authetc.
Communicationbeingnavigationrelated
andtheoutputtransmissionpowerlimited
to1wattorlesstoavoidharmful
interferencetoChannel16.
AutomaticShipIdentification&
SurviellanceSystem
AutomaticShipIdentification&
SurviellanceSystem
Halaman19daritotal33Halaman
6.4PerbandinganAlokasiFrekuensiVHFMaritimAmerika,Inggris,Australia,ITU
TABLE2.7PERBANDINGANALOKASIFREKUENSIVHFMARITIMAMERIKA,INGGRIS,AUSTRALIA,ITU
Channel
F(MHz)
number
Ship
0UK, 156.000
1US, 156.050
F(MHz)
Coast
160.600
156.050
Private,coastguard
156.050
156.100
156.150
156.200
156.250
160.650
160.700
160.750
160.800
156.250
Duplex
Duplex
Duplex
Duplex
5UK,AU,ITU 156.250
6US,UK,AU,ITU 156.300
160.850
156.300
Duplex
Simplex,Shiptoship+ShiptoAir
7US,AU 156.350
7UK,ITU 156.350
8US,UK,AU,ITU 156.400
156.350
160.950
156.400
Duplex
Simplex,Shiptoship
Commercial
9US,UK,AU,ITU 156.450
156.450
Simplex,Shiptoship
10US,UK,AU,ITU 156.500
11US,UK,AU,ITU 156.550
12US,UK,AU,ITU 156.600
156.500
156.550
156.600
Simplex,Shiptoship
Simplex
Simplex
BoaterCalling.CommercialandNon
Commercial.
Commercial
Commercial.VTSinselectedareas.
PortOperations.VTSinselectedareas.
13US,UK,AU,ITU 156.650
156.650
Simplex,Shiptoship
1UK,AU,ITU
2UK,AU,ITU
3UK,AU,ITU
4UK,AU,ITU
5US
UnitedKingdom
UnitedStates
Australia
PortOperationsandCommercial,VTS.
AvailableonlyinNewOrleans/Lower
Mississippiarea.
Seaphonebased
Seaphonebased
Seaphonebased
Seaphonebased
PortOperationsorVTSintheHouston,
NewOrleansandSeattleareas.
IntershipSafetyMessages,SAR
messagestoCoastGuardship/aircraft.
Commercial(Intershiponly)
IntershipNavigationSafety(Bridgeto
bridge).Ships>20mlengthmaintaina
listeningwatchonthischannelinUS
waters.
Seaphonebased
Simplex,Rescue.InternationalCo
OrdinatedAirtoSeaRescueFrequency.
Ship&AircraftSAR
Seaphonebased
PortOps.Tug&PilotBoatServices,
CommericalShipToShip
PortOps.FirstPrefferedAircraftToShip
OrCoastStationChannel
PortOpsbetweenShip&Shore
PortOpsbetweenShip&Shore
HarborControl.PortOpsbetweenShip
&Shore
InternationalShippingNavigation
Channel
Halaman20daritotal33Halaman
14US,UK,AU,ITU 156.700
15US,UK,AU,ITU 156.750
156.700
156.750
16US,UK,AU,ITU 156.800
156.800
17US,UK,AU,ITU 156.850
156.850
18US,AU 156.900
156.900
18UK,AU,ITU
19US
19UK,AU,ITU
20US
20UK,AU,ITU
21US
21UK,AU,ITU
156.900
156.950
156.950
157.000
157.000
157.050
157.050
161.500
156.950
161.550
157.000
161.600
157.050
161.650
22US 157.100
157.100
22UK,AU,ITU 157.100
161.700
23US 157.150
23UK,AU,ITU 157.150
24US,UK,AU,ITU 157.200
157.150
161.750
161.800
25US,UK,AU,ITU 157.250
161.850
26US,UK,AU,ITU 157.300
161.900
Simplex
Simplex,Shiptoship
PortOperations.VTSinselectedareas.
Environmental(Receiveonly).Usedby
ClassCEPIRBs.
ShipToShore/ShoreToShip
Spills,ShippingAccidentsOcean
EnvironmentProtection.Onboard
communicationpowernomorethan1W
Simplex.Internationaldistress,safetyandcalling.Usedforinitialcontact thenselectaWorkingChannel.
InternationalDistress,SafetyandCalling.Shipsrequiredtocarryradio,USCG,andmostcoaststationsmaintainalistening
watchonthischannel.
InternationalMarineVHFCallingChannel
StateControl
InlandWaterwaysControlStateGovt
Simplex,Shiptoship
Based.Onboardcommunicationpower
nomorethan1W
Commercial
Communicationbeingnavigationrelated
andtheoutputtransmissionpower
limitedto1wattorlesstoavoidharmful
interferencetoChannel16.
Duplex
PublicUse.NonCommercialBoaters
Commercial
Duplex
PublicUse.NonCommercialBoaters
PortOperations
Duplex
PortOperations(duplex)
PortOps
U.S.CoastGuardonly
Duplex
AustralianVolunteerCoastGuard
[AVCG]
CoastGuardLiaisonandMaritimeSafety
InformationBroadcasts.Broadcasts
announcedonchannel16.
Duplex
AustralianVolunteerCoastGuard
[AVCG]
U.S.CoastGuardonly
Duplex
Seaphonebased
Duplex
PublicCorrespondence(Marine
Seaphonebased
Operator)
Duplex
PublicCorrespondence(Marine
Seaphonebased
Operator)
Duplex
PublicCorrespondence(Marine
Seaphonebased
Halaman21daritotal33Halaman
Operator)
PublicCorrespondence(Marine
Operator)
PublicCorrespondence(Marine
Operator)
27US,UK,AU,ITU 157.350
161.950
Duplex
28US,UK,AU,ITU 157.400
162.000
Duplex
2936
37UK 157.850
157,850
Private
Private.UsedByUKMarinas &Yacht
Clubs
Private
Duplex
Duplex
Duplex
3859
60UK,AU,ITU
61UK,AU,ITU
62UK,AU,ITU
63US
156.025
156.075
156.125
156.175
160.625
160.675
160.725
156.175
63UK,AU,ITU
64UK,AU,ITU
65US
65UK,AU,ITU
66US
66UK,AU,ITU
67US,UK,AU,ITU
156.175
156.225
156.275
156.275
156.325
156.325
156.375
160.775
160.825
156.275
160.875
156.325
160.925
156.375
Duplex
Duplex
Duplex
Duplex
Simplex,Intership.HMCoastguard
Search&Rescue
68US,UK,AU,ITU
69US,UK,AU,ITU
70US,UK,AU,ITU
71US,UK,AU,ITU
156.425
156.475
156.525
156.575
156.425
156.475
156.525
156.575
Simplex
Simplex,ShiptoShip
72US,UK,AU,ITU 156.625
156.625
Simplex.Shiptoship
73US,UK,AU,ITU 156.675
156.675
Simplex.Shiptoship
Simplex
Seaphonebased
Seaphonebased
Seaphonebased
Seaphonebased
Seaphonebased
PortOperationsandCommercial,VTS.
AvailableonlyinNewOrleans/Lower
Mississippiarea.
Seaphonebased
Seaphonebased
PortOperations
PortOps
PortOperations
Seaphone
Commercial.UsedforBridgetobridge
MarineWeatherBroadcast4timesdaily
communicationsinlowerMississippi
fromVMF555.Distress(supplementary)
River.Intershiponly.
NonCommercial
Simplex,PortOps
NonCommercial
AustralianNavyOperations
Simplex.DigitalSelectiveCalling(voicecommunicationsnotallowed)
NonCommercial
ProfessionalFishingTrawlersetc&Regd
BoatClubs
NonCommercial(Intershiponly)
Simplex,PortOps.SecondPreffered
AircraftToShipOrCoastStation
Channel
PortOperations
Simplex,Intership.ThirdPreffered
AircraftToShipOrCoastStation
Channel
Halaman22daritotal33Halaman
74US,UK,AU,ITU 156.725
75US,UK,AU,ITU 156.775
156.725
156.775
Simplex
Simplex
PortOperations
76UK,AU,ITU 156.825
156.825
Simplex
77US,UK,AU,ITU 156.875
156.875
Simplex.Shiptoship
PortOperations(Intershiponly)
78US 156.925
78UK,AU,ITU 156.925
79US 156.975
156.925
161.525
156.975
Duplex
NonCommercial
Noncommercial
Commercial.NonCommercialinGreat
Lakesonly
79UK,AU,ITU 156.975
80US 157.025
161.575
157.025
Duplex
80UK,AU,ITU 157.025
81US 157.075
161.625
157.075
Duplex.UKMarinasOnly
81UK,AU,ITU 157.075
82US,AU 157.125
161.675
157.125
Duplex
82UK,AU,ITU 157.125
161.725
Duplex
83US 157.175
83UK,AU,ITU 157.175
84US,UK,AU,ITU 157.225
157.175
161.775
161.825
Duplex
Duplex
85US,UK,AU,ITU 157.275
161.875
Duplex
86AU 157.325
157.325
86US,UK,AU,ITU 157.325
161.925
Duplex
Simplex,PortOps
Simplex,Intership.ShipToShip
CommuncationsOnly(1watt)
Simplex,Intership.ShipToShip
CommuncationsOnly(1watt)
AustralianVolunteerCoastGuard
[AVCG]
Noncommercial Calling&Working
PortOps
Commercial.NonCommercialinGreat
Lakesonly
Safety&ShippingMovements
U.S.GovernmentonlyEnvironmental
protectionoperations.
U.S.Governmentonly
Safety&ShippingMovements
Communicationbeingnavigationrelated
andtheoutputtransmissionpower
limitedto1wattorlesstoavoidharmful
interferencetoChannel16.
GovtSafetyBodysOnlyPolice,Fire,
MarineAuthetc.
U.S.CoastGuardonly
PublicCorrespondence(Marine
Operator)
PublicCorrespondence(Marine
Operator)
PublicCorrespondence(Marine
Seaphonebased
Seaphonebased
Seaphonebased
Communicationbeingnavigationrelated
andtheoutputtransmissionpower
limitedto1wattorlesstoavoidharmful
interferencetoChannel16.
Seaphonebased
Halaman23daritotal33Halaman
87US,UK,AU,ITU 157.375
157.375
Simplex
87AU 157.375
161.975
88US,UK,ITU 157.425
88AU 157.425
157.425
162.025
Simplex
Operator)
PublicCorrespondence(Marine
Operator)
AutomaticShipIdentification&
SurviellanceSystem
AutomaticShipIdentification&
SurviellanceSystem
Commercial,Intershiponly.
Seaphonebased
US=Amerika
UK=Inggris
AU=Australia
ITU=rekomendasiITURRAppendix18
Halaman24daritotal33Halaman
III.PEMBAHASANMASALAH
1.AspekPerangkat
MerujukpadaLampiranPeraturanMenteriKomunikasiDanInformatikaN0.29Tahun2009tentang
Tabel Alokasi Spektrum Frekuensi Radio Indonesia (TASFRI) dan Rekomendasi ITU RR Appendix 18. Rentang
frekuensiuntukkeperluanamatirdanrentangfrekuensimaritimeberadadi:
Amatir(TASFRI)
o 144146MHz
:Amatir,AmatirSatelit
o 146148MHz
:Amatir,Tetap,Bergerak
Maritim(ITURRAppendix18)
o ShipStationTx(CoastStationRx)
:156.025157.425MHz
o CoastStationTx(ShipStationRx)
:160.625162.025MHz
Dari hasil audit singkat database perizinan perangkat komunikasi radio maritim, ditemukan beberapa
perangkatyangmemilikifrekuensikerjadipitaamatirtersebutdiatas,diantaranya:
ALINCODR130T
-
TxFM:144148MHz
RxFM:136174MHz
ALINCODR135(http://www.alinco.com/Products/DR135/)
-
TxFM:144147.995MHz
RxFM:136173.995MHz
OutputPower5W/20W/50W.HargaberkisarRp.1.575.000,00(www.well.co.id/wellonline)
ALINCODR150
-
TxFM:144147.995MHz
RxFM:108173.995MHz
ICOMIC2000
ICOMIC2100
TxFM:144148MHz
TxFM:144148MHz
RxFM:118174MHz
RxFM:136174MHz
TxFM:156157.5MHz
RxFM:156163MHz
OutputPower1W/25W.HargaberkisarRp.2.100.000,00(www.well.co.id/wellonline)
Halaman25daritotal33Halaman
2.AspekFrekuensi
MF
TABEL3.1PERBANDINGANMFGMDSSDENGANMFTAFSRI
FrekuensiMF
RentangAlokasi
GMDSS
TASFRI
490.0KHz
KeteranganTASFRI
415495KHz BeergerakMaritim.RadionavigasiPenerbangan
5.79: Penggunaan pita frekuensi 415495 kHz dan 505526.5 kHz
(505510 kHz di Wilayah 2) oleh dinas bergerak maritim terbatas
hanyauntuktelegrafiradio.
5.79A: Pada saat mendirikan stasiun pantai dalam layanan NAVTEX
pada frekuensi 490 kHz, 518 kHz dan 4209.5 kHz, administrasi
administrasi
sangat
dianjurkan
untuk
mengkoordinasikan
505526.5KHz Beergerak
Maritim.
Radionavigasi
Penerbangan.
Bergerak
Penerbangan.Bergerakdarat
5.79,5.79A(lihat490.0KHz)
5.84: Syaratsyarat penggunaan frekuensi 518 kHz oleh dinas
bergerakmaritimdiuraikandalamPasal31dan52.
2174.5KHz
2173.52190.5KHz Bergerak(marabahayadanpanggilan)
2182.0KHz
2187.5KHz
Halaman26daritotal33Halaman
5.111:Frekuensipembawa2182kHz,3023kHz,5680kHz,8364kHz,
dan frekuensi 121.5 MHz, 156.525 MHz, 156.8 MHz, dan 243 MHz
dapatjugadigunakan,berdasarkanproseduryangberlakubagidinas
komunikasiradio terestrial, untuk operasi SAR yang terkait dengan
kendaraan angkasa berawak. Persyaratanpersyaratan penggunaan
frekuensiinidiuraikandidalamPasal31.
HF
Dari table frekuensi HF maritime dapat disimpulkan bahwa pita HF maritime rekomendasi ITU RR
beradadipita4MHz,6MHz,8MHz,12MHz,16MHz,18/19MHz,22MHz,25/26MHz.Detilawalakhirpita
tersebutantaralain:
TABLE3.2PERBANDINGANALOKASIFREKUENSIHFITURRDANINDONESIA
ITURR
TASFRI
PitaHF
LowerOffset
UpperOffset
LowerOffset
UpperOffset
4MHz
4000.00 KHz
4438.00 KHz
4000.00 KHz
4438.00 KHz
6MHz
6200.00 KHz
6525.00 KHz
6200.00 KHz
6525.00 KHz
8MHz
8101.00 KHz
8815.00 KHz
8100.00 KHz
8815.00 KHz
12MHz
12230.00 KHz
13200.00 KHz
12230.00 KHz
13200.00 KHz
16MHz
16360.00 KHz
17410.00 KHz
16360.00 KHz
17410.00 KHz
18/19MHz
18780.00 KHz
19800.00 KHz
18780.00 KHz
19800.00 KHz
22MHz
22000.00 KHz
22855.00 KHz
22000.00 KHz
22855.00 KHz
25/26MHz
25070.00 KHz
25210.00KHz
25070.00 KHz
25210.00 KHz
26100.25KHz
26175.00KHz
26100.00KHz
26175.00KHz
Dari tabel di atas dapat dilihat kesesuaian alokasi frekuensi HF untuk maritime, sehingga tidak diperlukan
perbaikanpita.
VHF
Berdasarkanuraiansebelumnya,pitaVHFmaritimeyakni:
InternationalShipStationTx(CoastStationRx)
:156.025157.425MHz
InternationalCoastStationTx(ShipStationRx)
:160.625162.025MHz
Internationalunused
:157.425160.625MHz
PrivateVHFMaritime(Inggris)
:157.850(Simplex)
Dapatdipertimbangkanpulapenggunaankanaldirentang157.425160.625untukkeperluanmaritime.Adapun
pertimbanganlainnyajikamengacukeTAFSRIialah:
Halaman27daritotal33Halaman
156025157.425MHz
156.025156.7625MHzberadadipita150.05156.7625peruntukanTetap,Bergerak.
156.7625156.8375MHzberadadipita156.7625156.8375MHzperuntukanBergerakMaritim
156.8375157.425beradadipita156.8375174MHzperuntukkanTetap,Bergerak
157.425160.625MHz
157.425160.625beradadipita156.8375174MHzperuntukkanTetap,Bergerak
160.625162.025MHz
160.625162.025beradadipita156.8375174MHzperuntukkanTetap,Bergerak
FootnoteyangtercantumdalampitapitatersebutpadaTASFRIantaralain:
5.111: 156.525 MHz & 156.8 MHz dapat juga digunakan, berdasarkan prosedur yang berlaku bagi dinas
komunikasiradioterestrial,untukoperasiSARyangterkaitdengankendaraanangkasaberawak.
5.225: Alokasi tambahan: Di Australia dan India, pita frekuensi 150.05153 MHz dialokasikan juga untuk
dinasradioastronomidengankategoriprimer
5.226:
o Frekuensi 156.525 MHz & 156.8 MHz merupakan frekuensi marabahaya, keselamatan dan panggilan
internasional untuk dinas yang menggunakan telepon radio VHF bergerak maritim menggunakan
PanggilanSelektifDigital(DigitalSelectiveCalling).
o Pada pita frekuensi 156156.4875 MHz, 156.5625156.7625 MHz, 156.8375157.45 MHz, 160.6
160.975MHzdan161.475162.05 MHz, setiap administrasidimintauntuk memberikan prioritas pada
dinas bergerak maritim hanya untuk sejumlah frekuensi yang ditetapkan untuk stasiunstasiun dinas
bergerak maritim oleh administrasi (lihat Pasal 31 dan 52, dan Lampiran 18). Setiap penggunaan
frekuensi oleh stasiun dinas lain yang dialokasikan pada pitapita ini sebaiknya dihindari di wilayah
wilayah yang penggunaan semacam ini dapat menimbulkan gangguan membahayakan terhadap dinas
radiokomunikasiVHFpadadinasbergerakmaritim.Akantetapi,frekuensi156.8MHzdan156.525MHz
danpitapitafrekuensiyangdiberikanprioritaskepadadinasbergerakmaritimdapatdigunakanuntuk
radio komunikasi dalam jalur perairan dalam negeri asalkan telah disetujui oleh administrasi
administrasi yang berkepentingan atau administrasiadministrasi yang terkena dampak serta
memperhatikanpenggunaanfrekuensipadasaatinidanpersetujuanpersetujuanyangtelahada.
5.227:Alokasitambahan:Pitafrekuensi156.4875156.5125MHzdan156.5375156.5625MHzdialokasikan
jugauntukdinastetapdandinasbergerakdaratdengankategoriprimer.Penggunaanpitapitafrekuensiini
oleh dinas tetap dan dinas bergerak darat tidak boleh menimbulkan gangguan yang membahayakan
terhadapataumemintaperlindungandaridinasradiokomunikasiVHFpadadinasbergerakmaritim
5.227A: Alokasi tambahan: pita frekuensi 161.9625161.9875 MHz dan 162.0125162.0375 MHz
dialokasikan juga untuk dinas bergerak satelit (bumikeangkasa) dengan kategori sekunder untuk
Halaman28daritotal33Halaman
penerimaan emisi dari sistem pengidentifikasi otomatis (AIS) dari stasiun yang beroperasi pada dinas
bergerakmaritim(lihatLampiran18)
5.229: Alokasi alternatif: Di Maroko, pita frekuensi 162174 MHz dialokasikan untuk dinas siaran dengan
kategoriprimer.
5.230:Alokasitambahan:DiCina,pitafrekuensi163167MHzdialokasikanjugauntukdinasoperasiruang
angkasa(angkasakebumi)dengankategoriprimer,yangtundukpadapersetujuanmenurutNo.9.21.
5.231:Alokasitambahan:DiAfghanistan,CinadanPakistan,pitafrekuensi167174MHzdialokasikanjuga
untukdinassiarandengankategoriprimer.
5.232: Alokasi tambahan: Di Jepang, pita frekuensi 170174 MHz dialokasikan juga untuk dinas siaran
dengankategoriprimer.
Dengandemikiandarirentang:
InternationalShipStationTx(CoastStationRx)
:156.025157.425MHz
InternationalCoastStationTx(ShipStationRx)
:160.625162.025MHz
Internationalunused
:157.425160.625MHz
PrivateVHFMaritime(Inggris)
:157.850(Simplex)
yangperuntukanprimernyabukanmaritimeialah:
156.4875156.5125MHz
156.5375156.5625MHz
yangperuntukanprioritasnyadengantegasmaritime:
156156.4875MHz
156.5625156.7625MHz
156.8375157.45MHz
160.6160.975MHz
161.475162.05MHz
Sehingga,pita156174MHzyangberpotensidigunakanuntukkeperluanmaritimeialah:
156156.4875MHz>prioritas,internationalshipstationTx
156.5125156.5375MHz>internationalshipstationTx
156.5625156.7625MHz>prioritas,internationalshipstationTx
156.7625156.8375MHz>internationalshipstationTx
156.8375157.45Mhz>prioritas,internationalshipstationTx
157.45160.6MHz>internationalunused
160.6MHz160.975MHz>prioritas,internationalcoaststationTx
160.975161.475MHz>,internationalcoaststationTx
161.475162.05MHz>prioritas,internationalcoaststationTx
Catatan:denganpengkanalanper25KHz
Halaman29daritotal33Halaman
3.TindakLanjut
Tindaklanjutyangdapatdilakukandalampenyelesaiankasusinidiantaranya:
Penertibanjenisperangkatkomunikasiradioyangdigunakanuntukkeperluanmaritim.
Pembenahanacuantegasreferensiwhitelistdanblacklistdalamhalperizinanperangkatkomunikasiradio
untukkeperluanmaritim.
Penetapankanalfrekuensiyangjelasuntukkebutuhanmaritim,sesuaidenganrekomendasiITUdankondisi
diIndonesia.
BerkolaborasidenganDepartemenPerhubunganterkaitkanalfrekuensidanperangkatradiomaritimyang
digunakansaatini,danterkaitpulaperangkatbeaconsebagaimanatercantumdiKepdirjenNo.266Tahun
2005yangternyatatelahobsolete.
Perlunyasosialisasiataupelatihanoperasionalperangkatradiomaritim
4.Saran
TerdapatbeberapasaranalokasikanalfrekuensimaritimeuntukIndonesiadarisalahsatuvendor,yakniICOM.
Sarantersebutantaralain:
Keperluaninternasional
-
Shipstation
:156.025MHz157.425MHz
Coaststation
:160.626MHz162.025MHz
PitapitatersebutmemangsesuaidenganITURR2008,Appendix18
DiIndonesia,pitashipstationberadadiperuntukanTetap,BergerakdanBergerakMaritim
DiIndonesia,pitacoaststationberadadiperuntukanTetap,Bergerak
KeperluanDomestik
-
157.500MHz160.600MHz
Mencakupmaksimum124kanalsimplex
Pada Tabel Alokasi Spektrum Frekuensi Radio Indonesia di Lampiran Permen No.29 Tahun 2009, pita
tersebutdialokasikanuntukkeperluanTetap,Bergerak
Halaman30daritotal33Halaman