IEEMA Report

IEEMA Electrical equipments - Demand assessment* September 2007
COMPLETE REPORT
*connectedthinking
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Foreword
The Ministry of Power, Government of India has envisaged a capacity addition of 78,577 MW and 86,500 MW in the 11th and 12th Plan period respectively. A corresponding plan for new investment and R&M is also conceived for the Transmission and Distribution segments in line with the National Electricity Plan and the Integrated Energy Policy. This accelerated pace of capacity addition is expected to create a significant demand for electrical equipments and services in the years to come. IEEMA has engaged PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) to conduct a study on the demand for electrical equipments in the various segments of the power sector viz Generation, Transmission & Distribution and power intensive industries over the period 2008-2017. PwC has conducted this study across central sector entities and selected state utilities assessing their capital expenditure/ capacity addition plans in the next 5 10 years. Interactions were held with 25 power intensive industries to understand their requirement of electrical equipment. The study also covers segregation of demand for T&D equipments across Greenfield (i.e. Capacity expansion related requirement) & R&M requirements (Revamping & Modernization which includes all replacement requirements). We were guided by respective division chairmen of IEEMA for each product category covered under the scope of this study. We are thankful to the following personnel/ organizations for sparing time out for this study and providing us with their valuable inputs.
Jitendra U. Mamtora, Chairman - Transformer Division Mustafa Wajid, Chairman Capacitor Division Rajiv Gupta, Chairman Transmission Lines Division S.C. Sarkar, Chairman Meter Division S.B. Gupte, Chairman Switchgear Division Vijay P. Karia, Chairman Cable Division
IEEMA Industry Leaders
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Foreword
Central Sector & IPPs MoP, CEA, NTPC, NHPC, REC, NREB, PFC, NPCIL, PTC, PGCIL, MNRE, REL, TPC, Suzlon, Lanco, GMR, Torrent Delhi - NDPL, DTL; Haryana - HPGCL, HVPNL, UHBVNL, DHBVNL; Gujarat - GUVNL, GETCO, GEDA, MGVCL, UGVCL, Torrent Power; Rajasthan - RRVUNL, RRVPNL, JDVVNL, JVVNL, AVVNL; Assam ASEB Holding Co.; Maharashtra MSEDCL, MSPGCL, MSETCL; West Bengal WBSEDCL, WBSETCL, WBPDC; Punjab PSEB; Madhya Pradesh MP Genco, MPPKVVCL, MPMKVVCL; Andhra Pradesh AP Genco, AP Transco, APSPDCL; Uttar Pradesh UPPCL; Chattissgarh CSEB; Kerala KSEB, Karnataka KPTCL; Uttaranchal PTCUL, Tamil Nadu TNEB. Arvind Mills; IOCL; Railways (CORE); Western Coast Paper Mill; Gujarat Ambuja; Hindalco; IIFCO; Dwarikesh Sugar Industries Ltd.; Bhilai Steel Plant, SAIL; Bhilwara, LNJ; Maruti Udyog Ltd.; Bokaro Steel Plant, SAIL; Dhampur Sugar, Bijnor; Haldia Petrochemicals Ltd.; Vikram Ispat; Aditya Cement, Adityapur; National Fertilizers Limited, Panipat; JK Paper Mill, Raigad; Hero Honda, Daruheda; Century Pulp & Pater, Nainital; Eicher Motors, Indore; GSK, Sonepat; Indo Gulf Fertilizers, Binani Cement.
State Level Entities
Industries
As per the terms of reference for this study we have also identified major technology trends that are expected to impact the electrical equipments industry in the next 5 10 years. Also, a web based survey has been conducted targeting manufacturers of electrical equipments, soliciting information so as to understand sales of T&D equipments across various industries and power sector utilities. This information was also used for benchmarking of Indian manufacturers vis--vis global manufacturers. This study is limited in its scope to cater to Indian market only and no projections have been made for export markets that might be supplied/ tapped by Indian manufacturers.
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Foreword
The product categories covered under the scope of this study includes various power transmission and distribution equipments which are predominantly consumed in the power sector. This does not include all electrical equipments manufactured by various IEEMA members. The following tables provides an insight into the equipment categories and sub-categories covered under the scope of this study. Product Category TLT & Conductors Transformers Current Transformers Potential Transformers Lightning Arrestors Circuit Breakers Cables Capacitors Energy Meters GIS SCADA Inclusions All TLT & Conductor requirement in Lines & Substations in power sector Distribution & Power Transformers CTs of 11 KV & above used in power sector PTs of 11 KV & above used in power sector LAs of 11 KV & above used in power sector CBs of 11 KV & above used in power sector Exclusions Requirement for Telecom & other towers All Special types of transformers required in various Industries LT CTs and other Special types for Industries Special types for Industries Special types for Industries LT ACBs, MCBs etc. which are consumer end products and Domestic Wise, Telecom sector cables and
Control Cable, Service Line Cables and power Cables (LT, HT & EHT) required in the power sector LT, HT Power Capacitors used in the T&D systems in Special types for Industries power sector
Meters used by power utilities for consumer metering, Special types for Industries, Sub-meters used sub-station metering and DT metering by various entities Only T&D application in power sector Special types for industries Only T&D application in power sector Special types for industries
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Objective
Demand assessment: Assessment of requirement of identified electrical equipments for 2007-17 Segmentation: (A) Demand across value chain of power sector (G, T & D segments) and core industries (B) Segregating demand against Greenfield requirements and replacement/ R&M Technology Trends: Assessing technology trends across identified electrical products Electrical Equipments Market Assessment
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Global T&D System Development Trend

The power transmission & distribution system goes through distinct stages of development. The natural progression is from isolated small grids operating at low voltages to regional grids operating at high voltages. As the power consumption increases, there is a need to transfer large amounts of power from generators to consumers. The need for investments is highest in developing countries which is expected to create a huge potential for T&D equipments in such countries. Indias position in the graph below suggests that there will be a significant growth in the T&D systems as the per capita power consumption improves to global levels and the per capita GDP moves closer to the developed nations.
High Investments Isolated Small Grids Higher Voltage Levels Long Distance Transmission Least Cost Planning New Technologies Canada Power Consumption per Capita Kuwait Russia China
Large Interconnected System
USA Switzerland
India Ghana Nigeria Burma
Philippines
Congo
Sri lanka
Developing Countries Note: Axes on logarithmic scales
Emerging Countries GDP at PPP per Capita
Industrialized Countries
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Factors influencing demand

Economic Growth: To deliver a sustained growth rate of 8% Restructuring/ Reforms: Constitution of SERCs, un-
through 2031-32 and to meet the lifeline energy needs of all citizens, India needs, at the very least, to increase its primary energy supply by 3 to 4 times and, its electricity generation capacity/supply by 5 to 6 times of the 2003-04 levels. The following factors also in line with the economy growth are expected to impact the T&D equipments requirement significantly: Urbanization; increased population density, lack of space, aesthetics etc. Rural Development; lifeline consumption, access to all Manufacturing Sector growth
bundling
of
SEBs,
Power
Trading,
de-licensing
of
Generation etc. have improved the investment scenario & the focus on transmission & distribution business in the power sector after the advent of the EA, 2003. Further initiatives and developments shall play a vital role.
Regulatory Environment: ABT at Grid level, Adoption of
MYT framework are expected to bring in transparency & predictability to the power sector development scenario.
Private Sector Participation:
Competitive bidding in generation JV/ Independent co. route in Transmission Private Discom/ Franchisee route in Distribution
Government Policy: National Electricity Policy, 2005 outlines the
GoIs vision for development of the power sector in the foreseeable future.
Technological Developments: Efficiency improvements , Govt. Schemes: For development of the power sector the GoI
lifetime cost, size & weight, safety etc.

Environmental Issues: Strict norms due to global
has introduced the APDRP targeting loss reduction initiatives in Urban areas & RGGVY targeting village & rural household electrification. warming scenario & wider applicability/ impact of the Kyoto protocol might impact equipment requirements in the future.
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T&D Equipments Market Segmentation

Indian T&D Equipments Broad Level Market Segmentation
T&D Equipments Power Sector - India Generation Transmission Distribution SEBs Other Sectors - India Power Intensive Industries Other Industries & Retail Exports
Within
power sector the various utilities under
Generation, Transmission & Distribution can be further sub-classified based on their ownership status: Central Sector Utility State Sector Utility Private Sector Utility JV Projects/ Utilities
Nature of Requirement: Each Industry/ Consumer of
T&D Equipments may need T&D Equipments for the following two purposes: Greenfield Requirements: New Capacity, including Capacity Addition etc. Replacement Requirements Revamping & Modernization (R&M) etc.
Within each equipment category there is further
classification based on voltage class, rating and technology etc.
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Present Market Size Indian Equipment Manufacturers

2006-07 Estimated Market Size for Selected T&D Equipments
Equipment Category Transmission Lines (TLT & Conductors) Transformers Current Transformers Potential Transformers Lightning Arrestors Switchgear Cables (Excluding Telecomm.) Capacitors (MVAR) Meters (Nos) Insulators Total Source: IEEMA Periodic Reviews 8,875 500 250 120 6,750 9,850 385 1,735 1,000 36,105 24.6% 1.4% 0.7% 0.3% 18.7% 27.3% 1.1% 4.8% 2.8% 100% Estimated Market Size (Rs. Cr.) 6,550 18.2% % Share Fuelled by the momentum of growth in the power sector, the size of the Indian T&D equipments market in value terms has more than quadrupled since FY 2002. Other reasons for this growth include growth in other sectors, exports and increased cost of certain critical raw materials etc. Exports of electrical equipments has grown at a CAGR of above 18% since 2001 and it has tripled in the last 6 years.
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Expected Growth
Expected Growth in Requirement (Power Sector) 10 Year Outlook
Equipment Category TLT (MT) Transformers (MVA) Current Transformers (3Ph. Sets) Potential Transformers (3Ph. Sets) Lightning Arrestors Circuit Breakers (Nos) Conductors (MT) Cables (Kms) Capacitors (MVAR) Meters (Nos) Sub-Category TLT Hardware Distribution Transformers Power Transformers 11kV & 33kV HV & EHV (66kV & above) 11kV & 33kV HV & EHV (66kV & above) 11kV 33kV & above MV Breakers (11kV&33kV) HV & EHV (66kV & above) Conductor HV & EHV Power Cables LT Power Cables LT Capacitors Shunt Cap. (11kV & above) Single phase meters Poly-phase meters Conservative 13% 7% 8% 7% 17% 11% 20% 10% 19% 7% 12% 5% 13% 9% 7% 15% 11% 9% Projected CAGR FY08-17 Realistic 15% 9% 10% 9% 19% 14% 21% 11% 21% 9% 14% 7% 15% 11% 10% 17% 13% 10%
Planned 18% 11% 12% 11% 20% 16% 23% 13% 23% 11% 16% 9% 17% 13% 12% 19% 14% 13%
Note: The projected compounded annual growth rates (CAGR) are in terms of quantitative requirements for power sector only.
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Contents Chapter Previous plans & achievements Future Plans up to 2017 Scenario Building Demand Assessment for 2007-17 Expected Requirement in Core Sector Industries Benchmarking of Indian Manufacturers Technology Trends Limitations of the Study List of Personnel Interviewed in Field Survey Annexure Page No. 12 16 25 28 51 54 57 67 69 71
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Previous plans & achievements
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Achievements in Previous Plans

Power Generation
Installed Capacity (March 2007)
Mode Thermal Hydel Nuclear Others Total Capacity (MW) 86,015 34,654 3,900 7,761 1,32,330 The installed power generation capacity has increased from 1,358 MW in 1947 at the time of Independence to 1,32,330 MW in March, 2007 which is excluding more than 20,000 MW of capacity has been added by Industries as captive power. On an all India basis in 2006-07 the peak availability of power has been 86,818 MW against a peak demand of 1,00,715 MW entailing a shortage of 13,897 MW or 13.8%. In energy terms the shortage has been 9.6% in 2006-07. The major constraints in achieving significant generation capacity addition in previous plans have been:
Lack of preparedness in certain cases like non-availability of techno-
Previous Plan Achievements

Plan VIII IX X Target 30,982 40,959 41,110 Achievement % Achievement 16,730 19,251 21,180 54% 47% 52%
economic, PIB, environment clearances and delay in preparation of DPRs etc.

Lack of appropriate equipment manufacturing & contracting capacity in
the country. Delay in getting the super critical technology has also led to slippages for certain plants.
Delays in placing orders for main plant & equipment. Financing constraints & Non-availability of Escrow cover for private
sector projects
Certain projects could not take off due to bleak gas availability
scenario.
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Non-availability of required manpower.

Power Transmission
The growth in transmission capacity in India has also been significant in the last few decades. The transmission network which was 2,700 ckt kms in 1950 has grown to more than 3,00,000 ckt kms today (132 KV & above). At the end of the 9th Plan, the inter-regional transmission capacity at 220kV and above was 5050 MW. The inter-regional transmission capacity has been increased to 14,100 MW at the end of the tenth plan. Under-achievements in addition of transmission capacity is attributed to the following reasons:
Slippages in the generation plans Right of way issues, issues in environment/
10th Plan Achievement

Item Lines (Ckms) 765 KV HVDC +/- 500 KV HVDC 200 KV (M) 400 KV 230/ 220 KV Sub-Stations (MVA) 765 KV HVDC +/- 500 KV HVDC 200 KV (M) 400 KV 230/ 220 KV Target 1,182 2,738 0 28,176 22,610 Achievement % Achievement 733 2,734 0 26,344 17,635 62% 100% 93% 78%
3,000 3,500 32,660 41,106
2,000 3,000 32,562 40,134
67% 86% 100% 98%
Installed Capacity (March 2007)

Item 765 KV HVDC +/- 500 KV HVDC 200 KV (M) 400 KV 230/ 220 KV Total Lines (Ckm) 1,704 5,872 162 75,722 1,14,629 1,98,089 Sub-Station (MW) 2,000 8,200 92,942 1,56,497 2,51,439
forest clearances, rehabilitation & resettlement issues

Lack of private sector investments
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Power Distribution (including Sub-transmission)
10th Plan Target
Distribution is the key segment of electricity supply chain. The distribution sector caters to rural and urban areas. The extent of Sub transmission and Distribution systems comprises of 65,70,823 Km of 33 kV, 11 kV and LT lines and 2,36,070 MVA of Distribution transformation capacity by 31st March 2005. The addition envisaged in 10th Plan was 8,28,863 km of 33 KV, 11 kV and LT lines and 65,505MVA of Distribution transformer capacity. Major schemes like Accelerated Power Development & Reform Program (APDRP) for urban areas and the Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) were initiated in the 10th plan which aimed at bringing in investment in urban areas and creating an electricity infrastructure in rural areas. At national level 96% feeders have been metered as of now, as against 81% metered during 2001-02. 100% feeder metering has been achieved in 18 states. The overall Distribution Transformer metering in the country is still low in most of the states. Extent of consumer metering has now increased to 92% from 78% in 2001-02. Reconductoring of Lines (i) 33 KV (ii) 11 KV (iii) LV Total V (A) B. Augmentation of S/Ss (i) 33/11 KV (ii) 11/0.4 KV Lines (i) 33 KV (ii) 11 KV (iii) LV Sub-Station (i) 33/11 KV (ii) 11/0.4 KV Capacitors Ckm Ckm Ckm 62,110 2,77,066 4,89,687 Name of Segment Units Plan
MVA MVA MVAR
45,853 65,505 15,565
Ckm Ckm Ckm
83,124 9,76,169 20,21,008
MVA MVA
80,965 1,15,665
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Future Plans up to 2017
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National Plans - 2017

National Electricity Policy
As per the provisions of the Electricity Act 2003, the Ministry of Power has notified the National Electricity Policy which provides guidance for the future developments that are shaping up across various segments in the power sector. The following objectives laid in the policy shall drive the power sector and the power equipments sector in the foreseeable future:
Access to Electricity for all households in next five years Availability of Power - Demand to be fully met by 2012. Energy
and peaking shortages to be overcome and adequate spinning reserve to be available.

Supply of Reliable and Quality Power of specified standards in
Further the following resolutions in the policy shall strongly impact the power equipments sector:
Generation capacity addition of more than 1,00,000
MW during 2002-12.
Focus on Hydro: 50,000 MW Hydro Initiative Harnessing Lignite, Natural Gas and Imported coal Need to significantly increase Nuclear energy share in
an efficient manner and at reasonable rates.

Per capita availability of electricity to be increased to over 1000
units by 2012.
Minimum lifeline consumption of 1 unit/household/day as a merit
overall capacity
Robust and integrated power system for the country. Rural Electricity Distribution Backbone (REDB) of at
good by year 2012.

Financial Turnaround and Commercial Viability of Electricity
Sector.
Protection of consumers interests.
least 1 sub-station of 33/11 or 66/11 KV in every block, 1 Distribution Transformer in every village and electricity supply to every household on demand.
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Generation Plan
Planned Capacity Addition (MW)
Mode Thermal Hydel Nuclear Total XIth Plan 58,644 16,553 3,380 78,577 XIIth Plan 44,500 30,000 12,000 86,500 Factors that shall positively impact the likely capacity addition in the 11th & the 12th Plan:
Larger proportion of the thermal capacity addition planned is
already under construction (62%); Out of the total hydro power projects (where the gestation period is high) 87% are under construction.
Increased Private sector participation: UMPP initiative taken by the government has raised private
sector interest, 2 out of 9 projects planned for Sasan & Mundra have already been awarded to Tata Power Co. Ltd. & Reliance Energy Ltd. respectively.
Setting up of Merchant Power Plants has been allowed by the
Government. Non-Conventional 14,000 14,000

States like Haryana, Maharashtra, Gujarat etc. have started
awarding projects through the competitive bidding route.

Regarding major plant & equipments
In order to meet the energy requirement of 1,038 BU and a peak load of 1,52,746 MW an additional capacity of nearly 82,500 MW shall be required during the 11th plan. Thus, a capacity addition of 78,577 MW of which 50.7% is in the central sector, 35.6% is in the state sector and 13.7% is in the private sector has been planned. Out of this 200 MW has already been commissioned and 48,955 is under construction.
BHEL is increasing annual plant & equipment capacity from
present level of 6,000 MW to 10,000 MW by December 2007 and to 15,000 MW by 2012.

Import of equipments from players like Doosan, Dongfang,
Shanghai Electric etc. is set to improve generation capacity addition achievements.

Setting up of manufacturing capacity in India by players like
L&T, Mitsubishi etc. will impact the segment positively.
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State Plans - 2017

Generation across central/state utilities and private sector entities
Plan of Central/ State Entities
State/ Entity NTPC NHPC NPCL Haryana WBPDCL Gujarat Rajasthan Maharashtra Punjab Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu Kerala Karnataka Assam Total XI Plan (MW) 21,000 5,322 3,380 4,840 2,770 8,733 6,988 11,490 2,666 2,290 4,619 4,443 1,152 403 2,080 37 82,113
Plan of Major IPPs*

IPPs REL Torrent TPC Lanco GMR Total XI Plan (MW) 9,200 2,230 7,000 7,235 2,440 28,105 * Certain projects may also be included in state wise plans
The information collected during this study from various power generation companies & states includes numerous projects where there is very inadequate preparedness and such projects are most likely to be shifted to the 12th Plan. For instance:
In Maharashtra 2,750 MW is under construction, LOA is being placed
for 2000 MW and the balance are in initial stages.

TPCs plan includes 4,000 MW of Mundra project, which is expected
to get commissioned in 12th Plan.

For projects under the competitive bidding route, the bidding process
for many of the projects is yet to commence. The CEAs/ MoPs plan of 78,577 MW capacity addition in 11th Plan is much better placed in terms of likelihood of achievement.
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Transmission Plan
Planned Capacity Addition 11th Plan*
Voltage Lines (Ckm) MVA 765 KV 5,428 51,000 HVDC 400 KV 220 KV 132 KV Total 5,206 49,300 35,400 18,700 1,14,034 6,000 (MW) 53,000 73,500 52,000 2,35,500 A well planned and reliable transmission system at the National and Regional level would need to be complemented with development of matching transmission system at 220kV and 132kV and also the subtransmission and distribution system so as to cater to the load growth and ensure proper utilization of development in generation and transmission facilities for the ultimate goal of delivery of the services up to the end consumers in the country. The policy level initiatives being taken are: Private participation is being encouraged in Power Transmission:
* 12th Plan capacity addition increased based on Generation Plan
The plan includes schemes for evacuation of power from upcoming generation plants & associated Independent Private Transmission Company (IPTC) regional system strengthening. The focus of the Route, wherein 100 percent equity shall be owned by the developments in the transmission sector in the 11th private entity. Certain large projects have already been plan is creation of a National Grid. It is planned to add identified for which bidding is being conducted by REC & inter-regional capacities of 23,600 MW, at 220 KV and PFC. above level by 2012, thus increase the total interregional capacity to 37,700 MW. Determination of transmission tariffs for encouraging investments.
Joint Venture (JV) Route, wherein the CTU/STU shall own at least 26% equity and the balance shall be contributed by the Joint Venture Partner (JVP). After achieving success in Tala project (with Tata Power) PGCIL has identified two more projects (estimated to cost Rs. 1,275 Crore) under this route. Solicitation process for these has already commenced.
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State Plans - 2017

Transmission plans across states
Physical Plan of States 11th Plan State Punjab* Gujarat* Haryana* West Bengal Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Karnataka** Kerala*** Madhya Pradesh Uttaranchal Total Lines 3,641 14,442 1,878 5,066 11,207 7,145 9,711 23,903 4,775 2,016 9,686 1,910 MVA 13,330 10,920 3,614 7,430 23,195 11,680 8,870 45,343 22,483 12,861 11,584 3,100 Systematic development of transmission systems, specifically at state level, would need realistic planning in terms of physical targets, financing plans, robust implementation plans and effective project monitoring mechanisms. Out of the states visited 11 states have shared their physical transmission plans with us. While, the financing plan to meet the investment requirements appears to be in place in some of the states mentioned above, they are based on a much higher level of borrowings from the same debt financing institutions (PFC, REC) which have supported the investments in the past. This may be difficult particularly at a time when many of the states have a Debt Service Coverage ratio of less than 1. The STUs are likely to look at JV investments with private sector when faced with such financing constraints. Average Annual Investment of Transmission Co.s (Rs. Cr.) Sl. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 State Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Recent Past Projected 312 554 145 328 690 2,033 275 621 230 698 284 4,350 346 920 386 1,400
95,379 1,74,409
* 66 KV Lines & MVA included in Transmission **Plan for FY 08 FY 09 ***MVA has been estimated from No. of S/Stn.
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Distribution Plan (Including Sub-transmission)
Description Lines (i) 66/ 33 KV (ii) 11 KV (iii) LV Sub-Station (i) 33/11 KV (ii) 11/0.4 KV Capacitors Units Greenfield R&M In order to achieve the distribution plan in the 11th Plan period the following initiatives are being taken:
Urban Areas: For focusing on improvements in distribution in the
Ckm Ckm Ckm
1,50,000 6,75,000 6,75,000
1,00,000 7,00,000 2,200,000
urban areas, the Abraham Committee on restructuring of APDRP has recommended that the APDRP should be continued in the 11th Plan, with certain changes.
Rural Areas: RGGVY aims at providing access to electricity to all
MVA MVA MVAR
1,30,000 1,62,000 15,565
88,000 1,10,000
villages & 3 lakh hamlets in the Phase-1 by 2009 with an outlay of Rs. 24,000 Cr. In the Phase-2 access to all rural households will be provided by 2012 with an outlay of additional Rs.16,000 Cr. Underdeveloped states where maximum work is required are being given priority under RGGVY.
Public Private Participation: In rural/ high loss areas franchisee
* Same plan with 5% escalation taken for 12th Plan
The focus areas in Distribution in the 11th Plan are:

Reducing AT&C Losses, financial losses of utilities Providing electricity to all Improving quality, reliability, availability &
models are being evolved to ensure focussed, continual and equitable development of electricity infrastructure.
Decentralized Distributed Generation (DDG): In remote areas
affordability of power.
Improving customer service.
stand alone systems as per the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003 will be developed.
North Eastern & Backward States: Cheaper Rural Infrastructure
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Development Funds (RIDF) available with NABARD shall be provided to these states.
State Plans - 2017

Plans of various state utilities
Lines (Ckm) State/ Discom MSEDCL Rajasthan WBSEDCL MP MKVVCL MP PKVVCL AP SPDCL UPPCL * In numbers
Systematic development of estranged distribution systems needs realistic
11 KV LT 33 KV 27,299 12,554 54,958 7,293 4,250 4,300 3,670 11,283 1,50,499 1,07,537 13,830 61,652 1,31,936 5,000 30,000 10000 9,050 20,550 39,800
Transformers (MVA) Capacitors 33/11 KV DT (MVAR) 1,377* 68,751* 40,195* 3,149 1,390 917 180 707 2,768 7,706 5,954 9,257 964 300 1,500 5,024 1,850 19,400 1,000
As per the information collected from various states the primary sources of funding in the distribution segment shall be the ongoing RGGVY & the APDRP. The focus of power distribution companies in the next 5 10 years will be on:
Village & rural household electrification Segregation of agricultural load/ feeders Providing HVDS/ LT ABC Schemes in
high loss areas. metering, distribution transformer metering & Agricultural consumer metering. Replacing old electromechanical meters with static.
Providing shunt capacitors for power Feeder
planning in terms of physical targets, financing plans, robust implementation plans and effective project monitoring mechanisms. Out of the states visited 7 Discoms/ states have shared their physical plans with us as above.
NDPL has prepared a Capex plan of Rs. 645 Cr. over the next 4 years. In Haryana UHBVNL & DHBVNL have planned a total outlay of Rs. 6,577 Cr.
factor improvement.
Improving power quality & consumer
over the 11th Plan period.

PSEB has planned an outlay of Rs. 5600 Cr. over the 11th Plan period.
services as per the requirement of the standards of supply.
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Fund Requirements
Estimated Fund Requirement 11th Plan
Description Generation (Including DDG, R&M & Merchant Plants) Transmission Distribution Including Rural Electrification HRD, R&D, DSM etc. Total Rs. Crore 4,86,771 1,40,000 2,87,000 1,17,829 10,31,600 Based on a 70:30 debt-equity ratio and considering the availability of Rs 40,000 crore from APDRP and Rs 40,000 crore from RGVVY, the overall gap in funding is Rs. 4,51,607 crore comprising an equity gap of Rs 1,21,147 crore and a debt gap of Rs 3,30,460 crore. For bridging the gap the working group for the 11th plan has recommended the following actions:
Policy Measures for Equity Participation
IPO by power companies
Public Private Participation models: PPP on the lines of UMPP, wherein
the Govt. can undertake the clearances etc. for quicker financial closure.
Relaxation in Companies (Issue of Share Capital with Differential Voting
Sector Wise Investment Targeted

Private, 21%
Rights) Rules, 2001, for issuing Equity Shares with Differential Voting Rights.
Equity support by State Governments through Budget Allocation Sector Specific Funds
Scheme for Financing Viable Infrastructure Projects Specialized Debt Funds for Infrastructure Financing
State, 50%
Venture Fund/ Private Equity Fund (PE) Development of Primary Markets for Bonds and Corporate Debt
Central, 29%
Hydro Power Viability Fund Viability Gap Fund (for Remote areas)
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Scenario Building
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Scenario Building
Plan, Realistic & Conservative Scenarios
This report derives the demand for T&D equipments from the central, state and private sector plans across Generation, Transmission & Distribution segments in the Power sector. Based on the information collected from the CEA & MoP regarding the country level plans for the 11th & 12th plan periods and the information collected during various interactions held with central & state level entities we have developed the following three scenarios of development in the power sector. Similar achievements have been taken for the 12th plan also after adding the under achievement in the 11th plan to the 12th plan under each scenario. Requirement for electrical equipments have been calculated separately for each of these scenarios.
Segment
Conservative Capacity under construction in Thermal, Hydel & Nuclear; & 50% of planned co-gen capacity has been considered. Plan has been broken into two parts* Part 1 is linked to generation capacity addition while Part 2 is linked to past CAGR (5 year) Sub-Transmission & Distribution Lines and Sub-station capacities is based on past CAGR (5 year)
Realistic Projects which have already been awarded through competitive bidding & construction is yet to begin have been taken, Cogen achievement at 75% of plan has been taken
Plan
Generation
As per plan
Transmission
Plan has been broken into two parts* - Part 1 is linked to generation capacity addition while Part 2 is linked to mean of conservative and plan scenarios As per plan
Mean of conservative and plan scenarios As per plan
Distribution
*Part 1 linked to generation evacuation (58%) and Part 2 linked to strengthening (42%)
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Scenario Building
Plan, Realistic & Conservative Scenarios
The scenarios as detailed earlier have been converted to capacity addition envisaged under each scenario for the 11th & the 12th Plan periods. The capacity addition has then been used for deriving the demand for T&D equipments. Parameter Generation Generation Capacity Addition Transmission Transformation MVA 765 KV HVDC 400 KV 220 KV 132 KV Distribution Sub-Station (i) 66 or 33/11 KV (ii) 11/0.4 KV Units Conservative 12th Plan 11 Plan
th
Realistic 11 Plan 12th Plan

th
Plan 11 Plan 12th Plan

th
MW
54,459
84,007
65,274
95,676
90,257
99,040
MVA MW MVA MVA MVA
23,626 3,443 40,748 43,605 39,979
37,523 4,691 45,750 58,063 44,887
34,980 4,447 44,449 55,190 43,611
48,110 5,798 53,375 71,329 52,368
51,000 6,000 53,000 73,500 52,000
55,963 6,584 58,157 80,652 57,060
MVA MVA
87,059 125,127
95,765 137,639
108,004 143,205
118,804 157,525
130,000 162,000
143,000 178,200
Note: Generation Capacity addition shown is inclusive of renewable/ non-conventional sources.
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Demand Assessment for 2007-17
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Demand Assessment for 2007-17: Equipment Wise

T&D PROJECTS Present Scenario
Indian Transmission and Distribution industry has witnessed a strong all round revival in the last couple of years, with growth rate averaging over 15% per annum after having been through a severe slump for over a decade. Poor financial health of SEBs and reduced orders from POWERGRID, the key customers of the T&D sectors, had affected the companies negatively. The industry derived its growth mainly from Transmission line projects, Rural electrification projects, and projects under the APDRP scheme in the recent past. Post Financial Year 2003 the industry witnessed robust growth. The major factor that has contributed to the revival of T&D sector has been the Electricity Act, 2003 and the resultant power sector reforms that led to unbundling of the SEBs and corporatisation of the T&D sectors. The sustained focus of the government on these new enterprises to be commercially viable, has led to the implementation of practices for reducing AT&C losses and effect better grid management for billing and collection of dues. The Government of India has embarked upon an ambitious mission of POWER FOR ALL BY 2012. This mission would require that our installed generation capacity should be enhanced by an additional 100,000 MW by 2012 from the present level of 127,000 MW. A Perspective Transmission Plan has been drawn up indicating the major inter-regional transmission highways to be developed by 2011-12. This will ultimately lead to the formation of a strong National Grid. These highways are proposed to be established in phases matching with the requirement of inter-regional power transfer. The enhancement of inter regional capacity to 37,000 MW by 2012 would require adding of over 60,000 ckt kms of transmission network. The Government is planning large transmission projects on the lines of the Ultra mega power projects, and 14 projects have been announced which would be set up on BOO (build, own, operate) basis. Rural electrification projects, under Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana, form a substantial chunk of order book backlog for T&D companies. APDRP scheme, launched in FY01 to contain loses of SEBs, is under revamping, and substantial business is expected in the near future from APDRP projects.
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TLT and other Hardware
TLT and Hardware (MT) TLT and Hardware Demand FY2008-2017 Conservative 7,134,115 Realistic 8,131,187 Planned 9,258,658 Mode-wise Breakup Gen. Trans. 73% Dist. 27%
TLT Hardware - Usage Pattern
0%
20%
40% Greenfield
60% R&M
80%
100%
Growth Required in Supply

SubCategory* TLT Hardware FY06-07 Production (MT)* 340,000 Projected CAGR FY08-12 Conservative 22% Realistic 28% Planned 35% Projected CAGR FY08-17 Conservative 13% Realistic 15% Planned 18%
* The above value for production FY06-07 is the TLT used in power sector in India, net of exports and imports. It does not include TLT being used in any other industry.
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Conductor
Conductor (KM) LT 11 KV 33 KV 66 KV 132 KV 220 KV 400 KV HVDC 765 KV Demand FY2008-2017 Conservative 3,203,044 1,479,643 321,284 50,780 289,802 326,762 780,970 93,159 85,908 Realistic 3,379,919 1,773,534 368,305 58,212 303,851 369,941 855,050 117,341 116,733 Planned 3,571,807 2,082,196 417,310 65,958 321,367 419,682 947,405 144,126 150,271 Mode-wise Breakup Gen. Trans. 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Dist.
765 KV
Conductor - Usage Pattern
100% 100% 100% 100% -
HVDC 400 KV 220 KV 132 KV 66 KV 33 KV 11 KV LT 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Greenfield R&M 70% 80% 90% 100%

SubCategory* Conductor FY06-07 Production (MT)* 3,00,000 Projected CAGR FY08-12 Conservative 7% Realistic 12% Planned 18% Projected CAGR FY08-17 Conservative 5% Realistic 7% Planned 9%
* The production data above corresponds only to the power sector.
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Disc Type Insulators
Disc insulators (Lacs Nos) All Discs (>=70kN) Demand FY2008-2017 Conservative 4,735 Realistic 5,250 Planned 5,821 Mode-wise Breakup Gen. Trans. 33% Dist. 67%
The anticipated demand for sub-stations has also been added to the insulator demand shown in the table. The sub-station requirement may include other types of insulators while it has been shown together with disc insulators.
Insulator Disc - Usage Pattern
0%
20%
40% Greenfield
60% R&M
80%
100%
Most of the disc insulators are produced by the unorganized sector. So there is a lack of authenticated production data, thus growth projections based on current production is not feasible
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Transformer Industry Present Scenario
There are around eighty to ninety Transformer manufacturers in organized sector and few hundred more in SSI sector primarily catering to local demand of small distribution transformers. The organized sector manufacturers supply Power and distribution transformers. The industry is growing at an average rate of around 20% (In quantity terms). Historically it has been noted that majority of the orders for transformers have come from the SEBs. This is expected to continue going forward as SEBs act as nodal points for execution of governments mission of "Power for all by 2012". SEBs have in the past accounted for 60-70% of the total transformer demand, followed by industrial (15-20%) and export demand (10-15%). Private sector demand from various industries primarily includes viz steel, aluminium, cement, oil and gas, automobiles, engineering, mining and minerals, paper pulp, chemical and petrochemicals etc. The leading players in the industry have technical tie-ups with global players and are using various modern techniques of production. The design capabilities in the country are comparable to the global standards. Availability of skilled work force makes India a preferred destination for power transformers sourcing. The Indian multinational has arrived in this industry segment. One of the Indian manufacturers has recently taken over a couple of European manufacturing units and is tapping developed markets. Although, domestic players have been able to face threat from imports in the past, especially from China. Certain big players in China may venture into India to take advantage of high demand. At present the Chinese players are catering to their internal demand, which if exhausted over the next 2-3 years could result in shifting of focus to India. With huge demand growth expected to come over the next five years and fair operating margins being a characteristic of the industry, there are chances that some of the other foreign players may also enter the Indian market in future. Major issues and Concerns are: Dependence on government plans & funds Dependence on imported CRGO which is about 28-30% of net sales Rising raw material prices - CRGO and Copper High debtor days in government projects Threat of imports of cheaper variants from China Inadequate testing facilities in the country Lack of supporting infrastructure
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Transformers
Transformer/ Reactor (MVA/ MVAR) REC Range (100kVA) DT ->100kVA (11kV/415V) Power Trafo. 66kV & 33kV Power Trafo >=132kV 80MVAR, 765kV 1-Ph Reactor 80, 63, 50MVAR, 400kV Reactor Demand FY2008-2017 Conservative 126,908 321,212 381,468 866,913 16,690 38,043 Realistic 139,436 348,749 432,186 973,936 22,679 43,024 Planned 152,461 378,417 485,452 1,102,400 29,195 48,888 Mode-wise Breakup Gen. 7% 37% Trans. 1% 63% 100% 100% Dist. 100% 93% 100% Power Transformer >=132kV Power Transformers; 66kV & 33kV DT above100kVA(11kV/415V) REC Range (100kVA) Transformers - Usage Pattern
0%
20%
Greenfield
40%
R&M
60%
80%
100%

SubCategory* Distribution Transformers Power Transformers FY06-07 Production (MVA)* 42,500 67,000 Projected CAGR FY08-12 Conservative 16% 12% Realistic 21% 17% Planned 26% 23% Projected CAGR FY08-17 Conservative 7% 8% Realistic 9% 10% Planned 11% 12%
Power Transformer and Dist. Transformer for providing connections to HT consumers is included in the assessed demand for FY08-17.
* All transformers of 66 KV & 33 KV / 11 KVup to 10MVA have been taken as distribution Transformers. The above production & demand projection does not include exports & Transformers procured by industries other than power sector.
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Switchgear And Control gear Present Scenario
Switchgear and Controlgear industry in India is producing, supplying and exporting a wide variety of switchgear and Controlgear items needed by the power sector and other industries. This industry segment caters to the entire voltage range from 240 V to 800 KV. The technology prevailing in the country for switchgear and switchboards is generally contemporary. The industry has tried to reduce the adverse impact of internal factors by cost cutting, improving productivity and updating technology. The industry is competitive in the field of design and engineering, as the skill sets available in the country are relatively less expensive. The Made in India brand has begun to gain more currency / trust in the global markets in this segment. It is estimated that the present size of the switchgear market, not including domestic switches, is around Rs 6750 crores and the total industry grew by 19.5 % in volume terms in 2006-07. The growth in demand has been supported by the developments in infrastructure and building industry and also growth in export market. The LV switchgear industry has grown by more than 25%, due to sustained demand from the all sectors. The LV sector demand growth is expected to sustain for some time to come. Medium voltage switchgear industry has registered a growth of 15 %. The MV switchgear segment has reported order books of about 6 months. The demand growth for MV switchgear is expected to sustain for at least next three to five years. The numbers of players have increased substantially in this segment. High Voltage (HV) and Extra High Voltage (EHV) segment has shown a growth of about 10 % in 2006-07. Industry experts are of the opinion that the growth will continue for the next few years and the industry is geared up for augmenting their capacities at short notice in order to meet this increased demand. Major Issues and Concerns: Unprecedented increase in Raw Material Prices like copper, Aluminum, globally has pushed the prices upward. One sided contracts by the user industries Lack of adequate HV & EHV switchgear testing facilities Low investments in R&D Integration /Assimilation of new technologies into development of new products in the sector needs improvement
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Switchgear Circuit Breakers
Circuit Breakers 3-Ph Sets 11 KV 33 KV 66 KV 132kV 220kV 400kV 765kV Demand FY2008-2017 Conservative 584,171 161,882 29,207 24,457 8,729 4,342 348 Realistic 661,983 183,486 33,090 26,198 10,072 4,720 450 Planned 743,575 206,069 37,169 28,523 11,684 5,236 535 Mode-wise Breakup Gen. 2% 5% 12% 27% 34% Trans. 95% 88% 73% 66% Dist. 98% 100% 100% 765kV 400kV 220kV 132kV 66 KV 33 KV 11 KV 0% 20% 40% Greenfield 60% R&M 80% 100% Circuit Breaker - Usage Pattern

Sub-Category FY06-07 Production (No's)* 49,895 3,450 Projected CAGR FY08-12 Conservative 14% 21% Realistic 21% 26% Planned 27% 32% Projected CAGR FY08-17 Conservative 7% 12% Realistic 9% 14% Planned 11% 16%
MV Breakers (11kV&33kV) HV & EHV CBs (66kV & above)
The high growth rate in the next 5 years for MV breakers can be attributed to the RGGVY and huge R&M requirements in the distribution system.
*The production figures are net of import and exports & represent production consumed in Indian power utilities *11kV & 33kV production figure does not include CBs consumed in industries other than power sector.
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Switchgear Isolators
Isolators 3-Ph Sets 11 KV 33 KV 66 KV 132kV 220kV 400kV 765kV Demand FY2008-2017 Conservative 1,168,341 323,764 58,415 72,003 24,805 10,268 928 Realistic 1,323,967 366,971 66,181 77,063 28,670 11,274 1,200 Planned 1,487,150 412,138 74,338 83,774 33,242 12,525 1,428 Mode-wise Breakup Gen. 2% 3% 8% 19% 34% Trans. 97% 92% 81% 66% Dist. 98% 100% 100% 765kV 400kV 220kV 132kV 66 KV 33 KV 11 KV 0% 20% 40%
Greenfield
Isolator - Usage Pattern
* Sales/ Production data for FY06-07 not available
60%
R&M
80%
100%
The demand for Isolators is directly linked with the demand for circuit breakers. The trend in circuit breaker demand will also reflect in the isolator demand.
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Distribution Level SCADA
SCADA is an important tool for load management. In number of state headquarters, SCADA has been introduced (Hyderabad in AP, NDPL supply area in Delhi, Vadodara in Gujarat, BEST & REL in Mumbai, Chennai in TN, Jaipur in Rajasthan, Trivandrum in Kerala). Hyderabad city is now fully controlled through SCADA system. SCADA also helps in fault localization, facility management and trouble call management. The cost of introduction of SCADA in Hyderabad is estimated Rs. 40 crores which has a population of 36.37 lakhs as per 2001 census. The 11th Plan targets that all the million plus cities (27) should be covered under SCADA. Using the fund requirement in Hyderabad, the working group on power has estimated the total fund requirement for SCADA in the million plus cities to be around Rs.1000 crores. Taking achievements similar to Sub-transmission MVAs, the anticipated investment is estimated as in the adjacent table.
Estimated Investment in SCADA (Distribution Level) In Rs. Cr.

SCADA 11th Plan 12th Plan Total Conservative 700 989 1690 Realistic 846 1043 1890 Plan 1000 1100 2100
However, it is worthwhile to note that most of the distribution utilities in India are not opting for supervisory control. Also certain utilities are going for customized/ indigenized solutions depending upon their percieved requirement. The actual investment might differ from the Hyderabad case.
Note: The complete details regarding requirement of SCADA systems by various utilities and also the past production/ sales by manufacturers is not available. The above analysis is incomplete due to insufficient availability of data. In the light of the same the demand needs to be reviewed again once such data is available.
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Gas Insulated Sub-stations
The task force constituted by Ministry of Power, Govt. of India under chairmanship of Member (Power Systems) ,CEA in 2005 has recommended that In order to reduce problems of land acquisition and related R&R, efforts should be made to reduce substation land requirement by evolving & adopting compact layouts, compact switchgear & GIS substations. During deliberations, it emerged that GIS substation price have come down considerably in the recent times. Therefore, in the urban areas, GIS substations should be considered as a viable option. The number of GIS installations has increased manifolds from just 20 25 in 2001-02. However, due to lack of past data and detailed project wise plans for the country as a whole it is difficult to ascertain the demand for GIS bays. The various interactions held with central & states level institutions has reinforced that the usage/ demand for Gas Insulated Substations has huge potential provided the costs for such products are reduced. It is expected that with the entry of BHEL and recent reductions in the cost of manufacturing of GIS equipments the demand shall witness high growth rates similar to the HV & EHV cables product category. Indicators of Demand for GIS Bays
Entity Hydro Power Plants Findings 220/ 400 KV GIS bay requirement for the 11th plan has been projected at 134 & for 12th Plan at 234. The total requirement in the next 10 years is 368 GIS bays. The requirement of GIS bays of 220/400 KV level from PGCIL projects as per available information is estimated between 7 8% (8 10 sub-stations) as per the number of Substations planned. Delhi: 4 out of 15 Sub-Stations planned are on GIS base in the 11th Plan period. Mumbai: 15 -20 GIS based sub-stations are expected in Mumbai & adjoining areas in the 11th Plan period. Rajasthan: 3 GIS based hybrid sub-stations are planned in the 11th Plan period in Jaipur. Uttar Pradesh: 4 at 400 KV & 8 Substations at 220 KV level have been planned on GIS in the 11th plan period West Bengal: WBSETCL has planned to introduce GIS S/S in urban areas in 11th Plan.
PGCIL Projects
Urban areas
Note: The complete details regarding requirement of GIS systems by various utilities and also the past production/ sales by manufacturers is not available. The above analysis is incomplete due to insufficient availability of data. In the light of the same the demand needs to be reviewed again once such data is available.
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Instrument Transformers Present Scenario
Current transformers and voltage transformers of various rating including 400 KV, for indoor and outdoor applications are being manufactured in India. The Instrument Transformer Industry has registered substantial growth in the last year. The estimated value of instrument transformer industry is about 700 crores; comprising 500 crores for CT and 200 crores for PT. The demand for current transformers (CT) and potential transformers (PT) in voltage range upto 33KV has registered remarkable growth. This has mainly been fuelled by the numerous projects under the APDRP scheme. Though orders book position is satisfactory, price margins for CT/PT have been found to be very low due to existence of a large number of players and also new entrants in this voltage range. The hike in prices of steel, oil, porcelain, and copper has made the situation difficult, especially for the orders with fixed prices. CT/PTs above 400 KV have also registered good demand whereas in voltage range from 132KV to 220KV are the growth has been comparatively lower. Industry experts have reported that the existing production capacity is not being fully utilized. As per the present statistics production for current transformers has increased by about 35% whereas voltage transformers has shown an increase of about 7%. The major buyers of CT/ PTs are mostly SEBs and Public Utilities. New buyers of CT/ PTs in the form of Project Houses who are executing Turnkey Power Projects on behalf of SEBs / Utilities. The practices of closed tendering and post-tender negotiation by SEBs, Govt. agencies has had its negative impact on the industry as a whole. Stringent technical parameters during the initial enquiry stage and further changes in the parameters at post tender stage has added complications to a number of transactions. Apart from this, certain manufacturers have also faced difficulties due to demands for hefty amounts for enlisting as a registered supplier. Looking at the international market, Indian manufacturers are competent to provide quality product. Indian products have been supplied to the markets in South American countries like Brazil, Vietnam etc., African countries like Kenya, Libya, Asian countries like Bangladesh, Sri Lanka. etc. In addition to these, substantial export orders for 66/132/220 KV CTs from Syria, Iran, Iraq have also been reported. Despite of heavy competition, Indian manufacturers have been able to establish themselves in the International markets. Certain overseas customers do not accept CPRI testing certificates, this results into additional financial burden to Indian manufacturers.
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Current Transformers
CT (Nos) 11 KV 33 KV 66 KV 132kV 220kV 400kV 765kV Demand FY2008-2017 Conservative 1,752,512 485,646 89,962 75,875 30,474 14,272 1,391 Realistic 1,985,950 550,457 101,876 81,447 34,252 15,781 1,800 Planned 2,230,725 618,207 114,547 88,941 39,290 17,551 2,141 Mode-wise Breakup Gen. 2% 0% 3% 9% 22% 13% 34% Trans. 91% 78% 87% 66% Dist. 98% 100% 97% 765kV 400kV 220kV 132kV 66 KV 33 KV 11 KV 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% R&M 70% 80% 90% 100%
Current Transformers - Usage Pattern
Greenfield

Sub-Category FY06-07 Production (Nos)* 154,903 8,194 Projected CAGR FY08-12 Conservative 13% 32% Realistic 20% 36% Planned 26% 42% Projected CAGR FY08-17 Conservative 7% 17% Realistic 9% 19% Planned 11% 20%
11 KV& 33kV CT 66kV & above
*The production figures are net of import and exports & represent production consumed in Indian power utilities *11kV & 33kV production figure does not include CTs consumed in industries other than power sector.
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Potential Transformers
PT (Nos) 11 KV 33 KV 66 KV 132kV 220kV 400kV 765kV Demand FY2008-2017 Conservative Realistic Planned 589,148 667,719 749,932 162,060 183,727 206,325 44,411 72,583 25,163 10,759 994 50,321 77,641 29,027 11,861 1,290 56,587 84,542 33,644 13,161 1,544 Mode-wise Breakup Gen. Trans. Dist. 3% 97% 100% 1% 4% 9% 13% 32% 96% 91% 87% 68% 99% 765k V
P o t e n tia l T r a n s fo r m e r s - U s a g e P a tt e r n
400k V
220k V
132k V
66 K V
33 K V
11 K V
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60% R & M
70%
80%
90%
100%

Sub-Category FY06-07 Production (Nos)* 39,541 5,061 Projected CAGR FY08-12 Conservative 23% 37% Realistic 30% 42% Planned 36% 47% Projected CAGR FY08-17 Conservative 11% 20% Realistic 14% 21% Planned 16% 23%
G r e e n fi e l d
11 KV & 33kV 66kV & above
*The production figures are net of import and exports & represent production consumed in Indian power utilities *11kV & 33kV production figure doe not include PTs consumed in industries other than power sector.
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Capacitor Industry Present Scenario
In India, there are about 10 large manufacturers in the HT power capacitor segment whereas in the LT power Capacitor sector the it is more than 50. The estimated turn over of the total power capacitor industry is Rs. 500 cr. The turnover of other type of capacitors is estimated around Rs. 250 Cr. Though the Indian Capacitor Industry is very small in comparison to the global market its acceptability and presence in certain foreign markets has strengthened in the recent past. A significant content of the supplies in India are being made to state electricity boards, DISCOMS and utilities. The policies and practices in the power sector utilities are undergoing changes in view of the demand of quality power from consumers and new regulatory requirements which are acting positively for the Capacitor industry, however the pace of these changes is still not very satisfactory. New opportunities continue to emerge in the transmission segment for the HT Capacitor industry due to the strong push given to HVDC projects and Series Compensation systems. As per IEEMA statistics, the production for the HT power capacitors has decreased by about 12% whereas production for LT capacitors has gone up by around 18% in 2006-07. The LT Capacitor market is estimated around 10,250 MVAR and is expected to grow further. Electricity Boards and utilities are encouraging the installation of such capacitors by the industrial & commercial consumers through a combination of stiff penalties and significant incentives in the electricity tariff structure. The order book position for majority manufacturers is good. With increased indigenous manufacturing capacity coupled with growth in imports, pricing is once again expected to come under pressure. With the existing huge installed base within the country and additional competition from the foreign suppliers the price realization for LT power capacitors has seen some downslide. Globally, the capacitor industry is undergoing fairly deep changes due to relocation of manufacturing facilities from high cost countries to the developing countries. This is creating new challenges for the Indian Capacitor Industry, which will now have to face a real time threat of ensuring global competitiveness in place of being competitive in the Indian context. Some of the major issues before the Industry include: Human Resource availability Globally competitive pricing Volatility in input costs Competition between capacitor technologies Volumetric delivery capability.
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Capacitors
Capacitors (MVAR) LT Capacitors Shunt Capacitors (>=11kV) Demand FY2008-2017 Conservative 110,037 194,756 Realistic 127,862 212,494 Planned 147,130 233,625 Mode-wise Breakup Gen. Trans. 100% Dist. 100% LT Capacitor Shunt Cap. (>=11kV)
Capacitors - Usage Pattern
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Greenfield
R&M

SubCategory* LT Capacitors Shunt Cap. (11kV & above) FY06-07 Production (MVAR)* 7,500 8,118 Projected CAGR FY08-12 Conservative 15% 26% Realistic 18% 27% Planned 22% 31% Projected CAGR FY08-17 Conservative 7% 15% Realistic 10% 17% Planned 12% 19%
* The production figures are net of import and exports & represent production consumed in Indian power utilities.
In the Indian context historically Capacitors have been on low priority of the utilities, but the implementation of the standards of performance by the regulators is expected to impact the future requirement. The high growth rate in demand for capacitors is going to be fueled by the demand from utilities due to the increased peak demand and replacement of the current installed capacity.
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Cable Industry Present Scenario
Power cables The Indian cable industry is manufacturing cables up to 220kV. Indian cable manufacturers from the organized sector have by and large tried to be in line with the latest technologies to keep pace with the rapidly changing market condition and maintain quality standards to meet the international requirements. There are few manufacturers who currently manufacture cables up to 220kV grade whereas a larger number of manufacturers are in medium voltage range up to 33kV, besides LV cables. With the substantial rise in demand for last few years some of the manufacturers are adding capacities. In year 2006-07, the production of LV PVC & XLPE cables was about 1,50,000 kms whereas for HV & EHV PVC & XLPE power cables (above 3.3 & KV), the production was about 16,500 Kms. The industry size for power cables is about Rs 7,500 Cr. Demand for power cable has shown the increase of about 33% over the previous year (2005-06). The growth in value terms is almost 86% mainly because of global price rise for copper and aluminium. Control Cables Control cables segment comprise of wires and cables used by control and instrumentation Industry, panel Manufacturers, automobile industry etc. Majority of these cables is manufactured by SSI sector. This sector produced about 1,50,000 kms of Cable the value of which would be about Rs 2,500 cr. Apart from meeting the domestic demand, Indian Cable manufacturers are also exporting the cables to Middle East, Far East, South African countries, and South American countries. At the same time, cables of higher voltage above 220kV are being imported. The total import of power & control cable has been Rs.200 Cr. during the year 2006-07. Out of this, the import of EHV and HV cables was about Rs.125 Cr. and was mainly from China, Thailand and Korea whereas the import of LV cables, which was imported mainly from Sri Lanka, Turkey, was about Rs.75 Cr. The export for LV, HV & EHV Cables as well as control cables during 2005-06 was about Rs.115 crores. Issues and Concerns Rising prices of copper and aluminium globally Cable manufacturers are spread across the country. Some state level incentives create uneven field for manufacturers out side the state.
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Power & Control Cables
Cables (KM) LT Control Cables LT Power Cables (1-Ph) LT Power Cables (3-Ph) 6.6/ 3.3 KV Power Cable 11kV 33kV 66&132kV and above Demand FY2008-2017 Conservative 1,046,905 1,424,867 371,301 241,243 107,305 20,820 2,716 Realistic 1,174,350 1,665,085 404,986 254,581 127,617 23,894 3,138 Planned 1,322,007 1,834,581 489,120 269,146 148,900 27,060 3,598 Mode-wise Breakup Gen. 16% 0.4% 22% 5% 10% 1% Trans. 11% 1.4% 43% Dist.
66&132kV and above
Cables - Usage Pattern
73%
33kV
98.2% 78% 95% 90% 99% 57%
11kV 6.6/ 3.3 KV Power Cable LT Power Cables (3-Ph) LT Power Cables (1-Ph) LT Control Cables 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Greenfield
R&M

SubCategory* HV & EHV Power Cables LT Power Cables FY06-07 Production (KM)* 17,400 110,000 Projected CAGR FY08-12 Conservative 31% 13% Realistic 38% 19% Planned 46% 36% Projected CAGR FY08-17 Conservative 13% 9% Realistic 15% 11% Planned 17% 13%
The high growth rate in demand for cables is going to be fueled by the demand from states for R&M of the current installed system and increased usage of cables in place of conductors due to lack of space, control in losses etc.
*All cables above 1.1kV have been considered as HV power cables. The above production data corresponds only to consumption of power cables in the power sector. Also the production is net of export import.
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Lightning Arrestors Present Scenario
There has been a little over 3 % growth during the year 200607. LT LAs up to 433 V have registered a growth of 109%, Class I/II up to 30 KV 25%, Class I/II 31 KV to 72 KV 35%, Class II/III 62% and Class III / IV 217 KV & above 7%. Exports have nearly tripled. All these positives are camouflaged by the 6% drop in distribution level LAs up to 30 KV which though small in rating and value, accounts for over 80% of the market by number. Capacity in the industry is still significantly more than demand impacting realisation. There has been shift in buying pattern in the recent past. Sales through EPC contractors account for 60 to 65% of the business with direct procurement by the utilities making up the rest. Enquiries from EPC contractors are piecemeal as against bulk orders from Utilities earlier. Consequently for the same business, number of tenders and hence follow up and order servicing cost have increased. In Distribution class unorganized sector has taken over a higher share. Also, certain EPC Contractors are setting up their own manufacturing facilities, particularly in the 11 KV range, so also are Transformer manufacturers. These trends are further eroding share of organized Surge Arrester industry. In Distribution class market access is deteriorating while in the HV segment it is improving. Raw material prices have been volatile while majority of the Utilities and other buyers insist on fixed prices. With the Insulator industry giving preference to solid core insulators for bus support and isolators, hollow insulators for arresters is at a premium. Utilities are increasingly switching over to Polymer housed Arresters.
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Lightning Arrestors
LA (Nos) 11 KV 33 KV 66 KV 132kV 220kV 400kV 765kV Demand FY2008-2017 Conservative 10,805,032 323,764 59,596 72,862 25,266 7,567 696 Realistic 11,763,215 366,971 67,534 78,004 29,044 8,322 900 Planned 12,760,182 412,138 75,985 84,862 33,585 9,207 1,071 Mode-wise Breakup Gen. 1% 4% 9% 17% 34% Trans . 96% 91% 83% 66% Dist. 100% 100% 99% 765kV 400kV 220kV 132kV 66 KV 33 KV 11 KV 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% R&M 70% 80% 90% 100%
LA - Usage Pattern
Greenfield

SubCategory 11kV 33kV & above FY06-07 Production (Nos)* 616,250 17,138 Projected CAGR FY08-12 Conservative 21% 37% Realistic 26% 43% Planned 30% 50% Projected CAGR FY08-17 Conservative 10% 19% Realistic 11% 21% Planned 13% 23%
* The above production does not include exports and LAs produced for industries other than power sector.
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Energy Meters Present Scenario
The Indian Energy Meters industry is in existence since 1950. Initially, few companies were licensed to manufacture energy meters with total capacity of about 6 lacs meters per annum. Today, there are around thirty companies manufacturing almost 15 million energy meters. Indian Electricity Act, 2003 provided much-needed legal support to implement reforms in the power sector. 100% metering of power supply connections insisted by many state regulatory commissions and also support by Ministry of power through various reform programmes has provided the impetus to meters demand during last few years. Thus the overall environment for metering industry as far as demand is concerned, has been very conducive. With the advent of static meters, energy meter industry in India changed dramatically in last 4-5 years. The Central Electricity Authority has recently issued a guidelines which have mandated the use of static meters. The Indian Energy meter market in next 2/3 years will definitely shift to Static Meters though Conventional Electromagnetic Meters do have some market shares even as on date. Out of the total market of around 15 Million energy meters, the share of Conventional Electromagnetic meters is about 15%.
Picture Source :http://securemeters.com
The demand for meters is expected to remain good for next 4-5 years. A large flow of enquiries with short delivery time has been observed from various electricity Boards. Although the prospects of the meter industry are improving, the basic underlying problems have not really changed and some of them are actually found to be on the rise. Varying tender specifications, decreasing prices, practically no consideration for quality in the procurement procedures, etc. continue to bother good quality manufacturers.
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Energy Meters
Meters (No.s) Single phase Whole Current Poly-Ph Tri-vector ABT Meters Demand FY2008-2017 Conservative 184,142,173 26,519,385 Realistic 207,767,386 28,721,790 Planned 225,438,278 35,958,266 Mode-wise Breakup Gen. Trans. Dist.
ABT Meters
Energy Meters - Usage Patern
100%
Tri-vector
100%
Whole Current Poly-ph
7,101,973 45,492
7,156,312 50,188
7,212,553 56,335
100%
100% -
1-Phase 0% 20% 40%

Greenfield R&M
60%
80%
100%

SubCategory* Single phase meters Poly-phase meters** FY06-07 Production (Nos)* 10,161,017 20,28,051 Projected CAGR FY08-12 Conservative 17% 11% Realistic 21% 13% Planned 36% 31% Projected CAGR FY08-17 Conservative 11% 9% Realistic 13% 10% Planned 14% 13%
** includes both whole-current and CT operated poly-phase/ tri-vector meters
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Expected Requirement in Core Sector Industries
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Power Intensive Industries
In addition to the Power Sector, T&D equipments have a significant demand from Industries & especially power intensive Industries. As per the scope of this study we have estimated requirement of T&D equipments in the power intensive industries which broadly includes the following 12 types of industries, namely: Aluminium, Automobiles, Cement, Chemicals, Mineral Oils & Petroleum, Fertilizers, Food Products, Heavy & Light Engg., Iron & Steel, Mining & Quarrying, Non-Ferrous, Paper, Sugar, Textiles. Only large units that have captive power generation capacity of 1 MW & above under the above mentioned Industry segments have been considered under this study. Assessed Demand for the Period 2008 - 17
Equipment Transformers Distribution Transformers Power Transformers Cables Control Cables LT Power Cables HV Power Cables Capacitors Kms Kms Kms MVAR 2,90,617 1,81,172 27,797 4,562 MVA MVA 31,927 24,070 Units Requirement Equipments (3 Phase Sets) Circuit Breakers Isolators Current Transformers Power Transformers Lightning Arrestors Medium Voltage 71,222 1,42,444 26,518 7,379 3,72,068 High Voltage 3,498 8,470 2,456 1,791 3,769
Demand for other equipments like Conductors, Insulators and TLT materials etc. which is negligible in comparison to their requirement in power sector has not been assessed. Also the demand shown above includes demand from the Greenfield/ Brownfield capacity expansion related requirement only. Replacement requirement has not been assessed for power intensive industries.
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Indian Railways
Over all 60% of the freight and 47% of passenger traffic on Indian Railways is hauled by electric traction as on 31st March, 2007. During the 9th Five year Plan Railway Electrification energized 2,484 route Kms surpassing the target of 2,300 route Kms fixed for the Plan. During 10th Five year Plan Railway Electrification energized 1809 route Kms surpassing the target of 1800 route Kms fixed for the plan. The target for the 11th plan period has been set at 3500 route kilometers. For the 12th plan period we have taken a 10% increase over the 11th plan target. The equipments required for railway electrification are primarily of 25 KV class. The requirement for the railways being small in comparison to the overall power sector demand for electrical equipments. The Indian Railways has been facing lack/ shortage of vendors/ suppliers for certain electrical equipments over the past few years. Assessed Demand for the Period 2008 - 17
Equipment Power transformers (MVA) 25kV CB (No.'s) Interrupters (800A, 8KA); (No.'s) Isolators (No.'s) CT (No.'s) PT (No.'s) LA (No.'s) Series Reactor (No.'s) Shunt Capacitor (No.'s) Dropout fuse (No.'s) Greenfield 5,145 613 2,573 5,513 858 1,838 3,308 123 123 858 R&M 4,987 594 2,494 5,343 831 1,781 3,206 119 119 831 Total 10,132 1,206 5,066 10,856 1,689 3,619 6,513 241 241 1,689
The per route Kilometre requirement for electrical equipments has been standardized by the Central Organization for Railway Electrification (CORE) which has pioneered the task of railway electrification in India. The total electrified railway lines in the country is 17,811 route kilometres as on 31st March, 2007. Additional demand for T&D equipments is expected to arise from upcoming metro rail & other urban rapid transportation systems in the coming years which has not been included in the demand assessed.
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Benchmarking of Indian Manufacturers
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Consumer Perception - Feedback Received During Field Survey of Utilities
In order to be able to compare the performance of Indian manufacturers vis--vis global manufacturers (who might have manufacturing facilities in India), we sought feedback from the appropriate officials/ authorities in the power sector & the power intensive industries. Responses from 38 entities were received on performance of Indian manufacturers on identified key parameters on a five point scale ranging from very poor to excellent. Performance of Indian Equipment Manufacturers vis--vis Global Manufacturers After analysis of the responses, with a confidence level of 95% it can be said that the performance of the Indian manufacturers is perceived to be in the ranges (height of each block) as shown in the adjacent diagram. The Indian manufactures are perceived to be more cost competitive in comparison to the global manufacturers. In adherence to delivery schedules and after sales service they are somewhat similar to the global manufactures. The Indian manufacturers however need to strengthen their product technology & quality in order to be at par with the global equipment manufacturers.
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Internal Processes - Feedback From Web Based Survey of Equipment Manufacturers
The web-based survey consisted of a section on benchmarking of Indian electrical equipment manufacturers with respect to the global manufacturers. Various manufacturers provided their inputs which has been analyzed as shown in the figure below. The objective of this section is to benchmark the Indian manufacturers on internal processes, systems & practices. Performance of Indian Equipment Manufacturers vis--vis Global Manufacturers After analysis of the responses, with a confidence level of 95% it can be said that the performance of the Indian manufacturers is perceived to be in the ranges (height of each block) as shown in the adjacent diagram.
CRM
Significantly Superior
Superior
Comparable
Automation in Production Training & Development
SCM Quality Management Overall R&D Expenditure
The Indian manufactures are perceived to be better positioned on the parameters of customer relationship and supply chain with respect to the global manufacturers. On Quality Management somewhat comparable to manufactures. they are the global
Inferior
Significantly Inferior
The Indian manufacturers however need to strengthen the degree of automation in production, R&D and Training expenditure in order to be at par with the global equipment manufacturers.
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Major Technology Trends
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MAJOR TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

The increase in demand for power brings with it multifarious challenges of setting up new systems and replacing/ upgrading the old systems, which are better placed in terms of cost, operational efficiency, size and environmental safety. The more we add capacity and the more we integrate our transmission and distribution systems, the more are the needs for the systems to improve grid control, system stability, power quality, equipment efficiency and reduced environmental hazards. This creates a huge gap and requirement to develop and establish new technologies. World over leading organizations are working on developing new technologies which are under various stages of development and testing. Developed nations like US have envisioned path breaking changes in the next few decades which will change the face of power transmission and distribution across the globe. The primary focus of research and development is in the areas of advanced materials with high current carrying and storage capacities, designing better data acquisition, modeling and control systems & advanced power electronics. R&D of new technologies has been put as a priority focus area in the 11th & 12th Plan. POWERGRID being the pioneer utility in Power Transmission in India has been the leader in implementing new/ advanced technologies. We envisage that in the next decade, the technology trends would be more towards improving efficiency, reliability, capacity and environment friendliness of the equipments and system. The next section summarizes the new emerging technologies in different equipment categories with their benefits and applicability. The aim is to analyze these developments on parameters of cost, efficiency, capacity and environment friendliness. Details on each topic is appended as Annexure to this report.
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Domain Technology Comparison with Existing Technology Present Technology: ACSR New Technology: Environment/ Safety 1: INVAR
Cost Operational Efficiency Size & Weight
Unfavourable Comparable Favourable
Outlook
Conductor
2:ACCR
3:ACCC
Environment/ Safety Cost Operational Efficiency Size & Weight Environment/ Safety Cost Operational Efficiency Size & Weight
Double the current flow with same sag and clearance as ACSR, it is based on HTS Technology. PGCIL is targeting usage of Invar based conductors in XIth Plan. Best suited for India Based on composite technology, Composite conductors are best suited for HV or UHV. ACCC conductors are being used in most cities of US. Due to higher initial cost, this technology is not prevalent in developing countries.
Power Cable
Present Technology: XLPE New Technology: Environment/ Safety 1: HTS (High Cost Temperature Operational Efficiency Super Size & Weight Conducting) Environment/ Safety 2:GIL (Gas Cost Insulated Operational Efficiency Lines)
Size & Weight
The Detroit Edison Co., U.S., in a pilot project had installed HTS technology based power cables producing the world's first 115-kV HTS cable system in 2001. Prevalent in developed countries for city infeed. GIL in comparison to OH lines for HVDC transmission is more economical transmission system. One such Project is at Geneva where ABB has installed 400m section with GIL and rest line is OH for a HVDC line. High cost may limit application in India.
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Domain Cable (continued) Technology 3.Polypropylene Cable Comparison with Existing Technology
Environment/ Safety Cost Operational Efficiency Size & Weight
Outlook Due to cost competitiveness may become popular in India for EHV cables.
Present Technology: Porcelain New Technology: 1: Composite Environment/ Safety Polymer Cost
Operational Efficiency Size & Weight
Insulator
More useful in highly polluted and coastal areas in India Pilot projects of using polymer based insulators in 800 kV UHVDC are in Progress in Ludvika Sweden. Technology has not completely replaced present trend due to high initial cost. Usage is expected to increase in India.
Present Technology: Oil Filled CT/CVT New Technology: Environment/ Safety 1: SF6 Gas Preferred for use at 765kV. Filled Used in India. Cost Better than conventional oil based Instrument Transformers. Instrument Transformer 2: DOIT
Operational Efficiency Size & Weight Environment/ Safety Cost Operational Efficiency Size & Weight
Have been developed and tested upto 400kV, testing is in progress for 800kV and above. CEA is targeting R&D on 132kV DOIT in India. High initial cost, but reduced failure rate might make it popular in India in the coming years.
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Domain
Technology
Comparison with Existing Technology
Outlook
Present Technology: Oil Filled Power Transformer New Technology: Environment/ Safety 1: Dryformer Costly than conventional transformer. Large scale usage not likely in the Indian cost sensitive market. Cost
Operational Efficiency Size & Weight
2:Powerformer Power Transformer
Rating from 11 MVA 45 KV up to 42 MVA 136 KV. High cost might prohibit usage in India. Lower cost indigenized version be a viable option.
3: Superconducti ng Power Transformers
High initial cost might limit usage in India.
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Domain Technology
Comparison with Outlook Existing Technology Present Technology: Oil Impregnated Power Capacitor New Technology: Environment/ Safety 1) Dry Type This technology is prevalent in developed countries and is gaining presence in developing countries like India. Cost
Operational Efficiency Size & Weight Environment/ Safety Cost Operational Efficiency Size & Weight
Power Capacitors 2) SF6 Filled
Better performance on all parameters other than cost might limit application to higher voltages. Usage expected to increase at high voltages.
Substation
Present Technology: Substation Technology New Technology: Environment/ Safety 1:GIS Powergrid owns few GIS based substations, also, in Sub-stations associated with Hydel Plants & in certain densely populated cities GIS Cost is in use. Usage in India is expected to increase manifolds. Operational Efficiency More cost competitive hybrid applications shall be more applicable in Size & Weight the Indian context. Environment/ Safety 3:Integrated Products are available for 170kV and above. Substation area can be Technology reduced significantly. Cost Cost reduction and local manufacturing can make such products Operational Efficiency popular in India.
Size & Weight
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Technology Domain Comparison with Existing Technology Outlook
Present Technology: HVAC New Technology: 1: HVAC (765 & 1200 KV)
765 KV HVAC already implemented in India, PGCIL is planning to implement 1200 KV HVAC. With UMPP & Increased Inter-regional capacity HVAC is bound to become far more popular.
Transmissio 1: HVDC n Systems
More economical for longer length. Most targeted technology for bulk power transfer. Usage in India is expected to increase manifolds.
2:HVDC Light
ONGC is in the process of studying feasibility of using HVDC Light from its off shore generations to cater onshore power needs. Usage expected to increase with increased focus on wind and other renewable energy sources of power generation.
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Technology Domain Comparison with Existing Technology Outlook
Present Technology: Static meters without Remote Reading New Technology: 1: AMR
Environment/ Safety Cost Operational Efficiency
The utilities in India are implementing AMR and related technologies for high value consumers. Further cost reduction may lead to wide scale application.
Metering 2:Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
Size & Weight Environment/ Safety Cost Operational Efficiency Size & Weight
Outage management and appliance controller as associated equipments help maintaining grid frequency. Prevalent in USA and other Developed countries due to high cost.
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Future Grid Vision 2030
The United States Department of Energy has formulated GRID 2030 which envisages a national vision for electricitys next 100 years in North America. We envisage the technology developments in US and other similarly placed countries shall provide the guiding light for its implementation and applicability in India and other developing countries. Following section summarizes the phase wise developments targeted in each sector in near future: Transmission Phase-I Prove feasibility of superconducting backbone Coordinated regional planning and operations Real time information transparency for all grid operators Multiple 10 mile lengths of superconducting cables deployed Majority of new transmission lines are composite conductors Smart, automated, grid operation prototype Distribution Distributed intelligence feasibility proven Remote outage detection in place Plug & play protocols for DG Architecture defined for intelligent automated systems Improved utilization and lower costs Demand-side management Demand-side management programs more widely used Smart appliance feasibility proven Greater use of customer side DG Regulatory framework Public-private RD&D partnership flourish Workable markets achieved for all sectors and regions Adequate public subsidies ensure universal service States resolve performancebased regulation, metering, and pricing issues
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Future Grid Vision 2030
Transmission Phase-II Long distance superconducting cables installed; power hubs in operational Average grid losses reduced by 50% DG technologies fully integrated in distributed operations All appliances have smart capabilities Stable, equitable regulatory framework in place Workably competitive markets wherever feasible Distribution Demand-side management Regulatory framework
Large and small Intelligent automated customers have access to architecture deployed power markets and realtime information and Real-time, two-way flow of controls information and power Low-cost, small-scale storage Superconducting cables and equipment deployed Fully automated demand response Low cost onsite storage deployed Fully interconnected customers and electric networks
Phase-III Superconducting backbone installed with fault limiters and transformers National Grid in operation 100% of power flows through smart grid with implementation of WAMS and WAP
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Limitations of the Study
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Limitations of the Study

The accuracy of the calculated CAGR required in supply over the next 5/ 10 year timeframe depends on the authenticity of the Industry data (IEEMA + Non-IEEMA) provided by IEEMA. It also depends on the share of the power sector that has been assumed in the overall sales against each product category. The CAGR required in supply only corresponds to the equipments demand w.r.t. the power sector and not the entire market for the product as a whole. The demand estimation has been done using norms, which gives an indication of the actual equipment requirement as per the capacity addition/ R&M planned. The actual equipment will depend of the detailed project reports (DPR) based on specific requirements, thus the requirement might vary from what is indicated in this report. In the absence of any better information, we have assumed the capacity addition in the 12th plan period i.e. 2012-17 on the basis of the 11th plan for the Power Transmission & Distribution segments. Since the plans made by the Government of India are mostly 5 year plans especially for Power Transmission & Distribution segments, the growth rates arrived at in this study are also corresponding to 5 year periods i.e. the 11th & the 12th Plan periods. The values against different scenarios indicate the requirement of equipments under the envisaged scenarios and not necessarily sales of equipments during the plan period. The assessment of equipment requirement has been done using the country level plan for all the segments i.e. Power Generation, Transmission & Distribution in the absence of detailed plans for each state/ utility. The information collected from various entities was found inappropriate for assessment of country level demand of T&D equipments, however whatever data that was collected from these entities were aggregated to vet the appropriateness of the country level plan. The complete details regarding requirement of SCADA & GIS systems by various utilities and also the past production/ sales by manufacturers is not available. The above analysis is incomplete due to insufficient availability of data. In the light of the same the demand needs to be reviewed again once such data is available.
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List of Personnel Interviewed in Field Survey
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List of Personnel Interviewed in Field Survey

A.K. Sharma, GM (STRATEGIC Planning), NTPC T. Sukumaran, Senior Scientist, MNRE Valli Natrajan, Joint Chief (Transmission & Distribution), REC Dharmendra Nagpal, Deputy Chief (Engineering), REC B.R. Saraf, General Manager (Planning), NHPC Ratish Kumar, Chief Engineer (Design & Engineering), NHPC S. S. Sharma, Sr. Vice President, PTC India Ltd A. Jaggannath Rao, Manager Corporate Planning, PGCIL R. M. Malhotra, Dy. G.M. (ICM), Delhi Transco Limited Satish Kumar, Zonal Manager, NDPL S.K. Bansal, Executive Engineer (Planning), HVPNL D.C. Arya, CAO, HPGCL G.L. Gomber, S.E. (PD&C), UHBVNL Kamlesh P. Jangid, Chief Finance Manager, GUVNL N.H. Shukla, GETCO G.R. Darji, S.E. (T), MGVCL P.R. Chaudhary, OSD, UGVCL Pradeep Shirke, Technical Officer, GEDA Yatin Dholakia, AGM (Projects), Torrent Power Ltd P.N. Singhal, Addl. Chief Engineer (PPM & Comml.), RRVUNL Y.S. Raizada, Director (Technical), RRVPNL Nikhil Chaudhary, Executive Engineer, P&P, RRVPNL V.A. Kale, Assistant Engineer - P&P, RRVPNL R.S. Kela, SE (Plan), Jaipur Discom Rajeev Verma, Assistant Engineer (Plan), Ajmer Discom Mr. Khamesara, SE (Material Management), Ajmer Discom Swapan Kumar Saha, CM (Corporate Finance), ASEB V.S. Patil, SE (Commercial), MSPGCL Mr. Zalte, CE (Infra), MSEDCL Tirthankar S. Basu, Executive Engineer (CPA), MSEDCL V.M. Latey, CE Transmission O&M, MSETCL S.G. Kelkar, CE Transmission Projects, MSETCL Madhu Sudan Sikdar, AE (Distribution), WBSEDCL S. Goswami, SE (Planning), WBSETCL Mr. Mandeep (Planning - Transmission), PSEB S.K. Jain, Dy. Director (Planning Distribution), PSEB Ashok Kumar Mehrotra, CE UP Transmission Surendra Kumar, CE (RESSPO), UPPCL And various officials from utilities in Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Chattisgarh, Kerala and Key IPPs and Private Sector Players
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Annexure
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ANNEXURE
Annexure 1: Methodology & Assumptions Annexure 2: Demand for Equipments in Power Intensive Industries Annexure 3: Demand for Electrical Equipments in Railways Annexure 4: Field Survey Data: Benchmarking Annexure 5: Web Based Survey Data: Benchmarking Annexure 6: Major Technological Trends Annexure 7: Utilities Field Survey Report (Annexed Separately)
Methodology & Rationale

Scenarios Power Generation
Thermal:
The thermal plan has been converted to units of various size as per the details
R&M:
For
available in the Working paper on 11th plan and information provided by CEA.
For Calculating the equipment requirement for the capacity addition in thermal power plants we have used the unit wise norms as used by CEA in the document named Requirement of Equipment & Material for Development of Power Sector. While Scaling down with respect to various scenarios we have used unit wise
details for each size of unit to arrive at the equipment requirement. Hydel Power Plants:
For Hydel power plants the overall equipments as given for the planned scenario
R&M the life of T&D equipments has been considered as 25 years, the same norm as used for upcoming plants has been used for estimating quantum of installed equipments.
12th Plan:
The achievements under each
has been reduced in the ratio of achievement of capacity in MW as applicable to different scenarios.
Switchyard equipments requirement has been considered similar to Thermal
power plant related switchyards, but the upper voltage limit has been kept at 220KV. Nuclear, Wind etc:
For Nuclear power plants equipment requirement has been taken similar to
scenario in the 12th Plan have been taken similar to the 11th Plan achievement.
For
Thermal power plants.

For Wind & SHP equipment requirement has been taken similar to Hydel power
each of the scenarios developed we have added the non-achievement in the 11th plan to the 12th plan.
plants, the average capacity of these plants has been assumed as 50 MW.
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Annexure - 1

Scenarios - Transmission
Rationale:
Transmission projects have a relation with generation
Scenarios - Distribution
R&M:
For R&M the life of T&D equipments has been considered
addition and system strengthening. So, the financial break-up of the transmission plan has been used to bifurcate the plan into 58% for Generation linked works & 42% for other works like inter-regional/ regional capacity, system strengthening etc. The generation linked and strengthening linked portions are then dealt separately to derive equipment demand. R&M:
For R&M the life of T&D equipments has been considered
as 20 years, the same norm as used for upcoming plans has been used for estimating quantum of installed equipments.
12th Plan:
The achievements under each scenario in the 12th Plan
have been taken similar to the 11th Plan achievement.

For each of the scenarios developed we have added the
non-achievement in the 11th plan to the 12th plan.
as 25 years, the same norm as used for upcoming plants has been used for estimating quantum of installed equipments. 12th Plan:
The 12th Plan has been developed by increasing the 11th
66 KV Plan:
Since 66 KV level plan is missing which is in use in many
Transmission plan in the same ratio as that of the 12th Plan for generation. For each of the scenarios we have added the non-achievement in the 11th plan to the 12th plan.
states for sub-transmission, the same has been included in proportion to the 33 KV present capacity.
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Annexure - 1

TLT
Voltage 800 kV 500 kV 800kV 400 kV 220 kV 132 kV 66 kV 33kV 11kV Type Single Circuit -Quad HVDC (Quad) HVDC (Quad) Double Circuit-Twin Double Circuit Double Circuit Double Circuit Single Circuit Single Circuit Tons / KM 77.5 49 49 42.5 17.5 11 6.5 3 Ckts./ Tower 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 Conductors/ Phase 4 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 TOWERS / KM 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.5 4 -
The planned circuit KM at each voltage level as taken from state and centre level plans forms the basis for estimation of conductor and TLT estimation. Total estimation has been done using the standard parameters as given at each voltage level.
Conductor
Voltage LT 11 KV 33 KV 66 KV 132 KV 220 KV 400 KV HVDC 765 KV Type Drake Drake Coyote Panther zebra moose moose moose bersimis Kgs/ Km 150 150 521 974 1622 1998 1998 1998 1998
Disc Insulators
For estimation of conductor in tons, standard weights for each type of conductor as provided by IEEMA have been used. For disc insulators, no distinction has been made in kN levels or different voltage levels.
Voltage 800 kV 400 kV 220 kV 132 kV 66 kV 33kV 11kV Discs/ String 20 15 15 11 6 3 1 Strings/ Phase/ Tower 6 6 3 3 2 2 2
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Annexure - 1

Power Cables
Voltage Wise 33 KV (Ckms) Conductor Cable 11 KV Ckms) Conductor Cable LT (Ckms) Conductor Cable Total Conductor Cable Overall 20632 17925 2707 72253 68188 4066 349136 325753 23383 537061 504615 32447 Overall %
LT Power Cables: Based on our understanding and information collected from field visits, the following major assumptions have been used:
We have assumed that each new connection being released on LT
13.1%
will be provided with a power cable only.

It has been assumed that 50% of the meter replacement cases will
5.6%
also account for cable replacements/ installations.

The average length of power cable for a new connection has been
6.7%
taken as 10 meters for a new connection case & 6 meters for a meter replacement case.
Prudent norms have been adopted for Generation, Transmission &
6.0%
distribution sub-station power cable requirement.
We have used the information collected from various field visits made during this study to project the future requirement of Power Cables. To be on the modest side we have used the overall cable % i.e. 6% for 11 & 33 KV cables on the total circuit kilometers being added under each scenario. For every voltage above 33 KV we have multiplied the cable: overall circuit kilometer percentage by a factor of 0.5 progressively owing to higher cost at higher voltages.
Control Cables: Assumptions/ Norms:

For Generations norms as used by CEA have
been adopted.
For Transmission : 765/400kV SS 200 kms,
400/220kV SS 100 kms, others 50 kms per sub-station.

For Distribution: 10 kms per sub-station.
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Annexure - 1

Switchgear Circuit Breaker
Generation 132kV and above 11kV, 33kV & 66kV Transmission Distribution CBs for 132kV and above not considered in distribution 765kV & 400kV 3 CB per 2 bays (one & half breaker Scheme) 220kV 1 CB/ bay (2 main and Transfer Scheme) 132kV 1 CB/ bay (Main and Transfer Scheme) Standard CEA 11kV, 33kV and 66kV not norms for number considered in transmission of equipment per Generation unit of Thermal, Hydel and other stations
Based on following data from various states: Average rating of 33/11kV Transformer: 5MVA No. of 33/11kV Transformers calculated based on Planned MVA and average rating given above No. of 66kV Transformer and CB: 15% of 33kV of Transformer & CB No. of 11kV feeders per 66 or 33kV Transformer: 6 Norms for calculation: 33kV CB: 5 CB per 2 Transformers of 33kV 66kV CB: 5 CB per 2 Transformers of 66kV 11kV CB: 3 times 33kV & 66kV combined
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Annexure - 1

Instrument Transformers CVT/ PT
Generation 132kV and above Transmission Distribution PTs for 132kV and above not considered in distribution 765kV & 400kV 1 set per line bay & 1 set per Bus-bar (one & half breaker Scheme) 220kV 1 set/ bay (2 main and Transfer) 132kV 1 set/ bay (Main and Transfer) 11kV, 33kV & 66kV Standard CEA norms for number of equipment per Generation unit of Thermal, Hydel and other stations. 11kV, 33kV and 66kV not considered in Norm for Calculation: 1Set per 2 No. CB for transmission each voltage level (11kV, 33kV) 66 KV One 3 Phase set per CB 33 & 11 KV One PT per CB
Lightning Arrestors
Generation 132kV and above 11kV, 33kV & 66kV Transmission Distribution LAs for 132kV and above not considered in distribution 765kV & 400kV 1 set per Bay (one & half breaker Scheme) 220kV 1 set per bay (2 main and Transfer Scheme)
132kV 1 set per bay (Main and Transfer Scheme) Standard CEA norms for number of 11kV, 33kV and Number of CB taken as input equipment per Generation unit of 66kV not considered Norm for calculation: 66 KV LA: 1 Set per CB Thermal, Hydel and other stations. in Transmission 33 KV LA: 2 No. per CB Norm for Calculation: 1Set per 2 No. 11kV LA: 5 times 66kV & 33kV equipment + 1 Set CB for each voltage level -11kV, 33kV per Non REC distribution transformer
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Annexure - 1

Switchgear Isolators
Generation 132kV and above 11kV, 33kV & 66kV Transmission Distribution Isolators for 132kV and above not considered in distribution 765kV & 400kV 4 Isolator sets per bay (one & half breaker Scheme) 220kV 3 Isolator sets/ bay (2 main and Transfer Scheme) 132kV 3 Isolator sets/ bay (Main and Transfer Scheme) Standard CEA norms for number of equipment per 11kV, 33kV and Generation unit of Thermal, Hydel and other 66kV not stations. considered in Transmission Norm for Calculation: 2 Sets per CB for each voltage level (11kV, 33kv)
Calculated number of Circuit Breakers considered as input Norm for calculation: 2 Sets per CB for each voltage level (11kV, 33kv, 66kV)
Instrument Transformers Current Transformers

Generation 132kV and above 11kV, 33kV & 66kV Transmission Distribution CTs for 132kV and above not considered in Distribution 765kV & 400kV 2 CT sets per bay (one & half breaker Scheme) 220kV 1 CT set/ bay (2 main and Transfer Scheme) 132kV 1CT set/ bay (Main and Transfer Scheme) Standard CEA norms for number of equipment per Generation unit of Thermal, Hydel and other stations. Norm for Calculation: 1Set per Feeder/ CB for each voltage level (11kV, 33kv) 11kV, 33kV and 66kV not considered in Transmission
One 3 Phase set per CB
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Annexure - 1

Power Capacitors
HT Power Capacitors:
The installed capacitor & the capacitor requirement in the
LT Power Capacitors:
Since most of the states have introduced KVAH billing
Northern Region in relation to the maximum demand (MW) in the northern region has been used to calculate the overall capacitor requirement in the country for FY 08 by scaling it up using the maximum demand (MW) in the country. The breakup under Greenfield & R&M has been kept similar as in the NREB plan.
Assuming a load growth of 10% per annum the requirement
for industrial consumers, it has been assumed that Discoms will only put capacitors in the ratio of the load of Load other than Industries (35%) to the total connected load in the system.
To be on the conservative side it has been assumed
that LT MVAR capacity similar to 35% of last years production is still operational in the Discoms systems.
For additional requirement 1/3 of MVA capacity addition
for future years has been arrived at the planned requirement. The planned requirement has been scaled down using the overall achievement of the plan to arrive at the shunt capacitor requirement under each scenario.
at distribution transformer level has been considered. R&M requirement on annual basis has been considered as 10% of installed capacity considering a modest lifetime of 10 years for LT Capacitors.
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Annexure - 1

Energy Meters
Description Domestic Commercial Industrial (LV & MV) Industrial (HV) Public Lighting Traction Agriculture Public Water Works Miscellaneous DT Feeder Single Phase 90% 80% Whole Current Poly Phase 10% 10.0% CT Operated Trivector Meter 10.0% 100% 100% 50% 100% 50% 10% 100% 100% Description Consumer Growth Single Phase & 3 Phase lifetime Trivector Meters Lifetime 100% DTC Metering 100% Feeder Metering RGGVY Existing Un-metered Agricultural Metering ABT Meters ABT Meters:
No. of Existing ABT meters has been arrived at using
Conservative Realistic 10 Year CAGR 20 Years 10 Years 10 Years 5 Years 12.5 20 years Years
Plan
50% 100% 50% 10%
80%
5 Years
With respect to usage/ application of meters we have assumed the usage w.r.t. consumer categories/ other applications based on information available from different states/ collected during field visits conducted during this study. For Energy audit requirement of meters also the total requirement has been considered as 140% number of 11 KV feeders which based on information collected from sample states during this study.
10 30 years 20 years Years Linked to Gen. Cap addition
the number of installed ABT meters with respect to the installed generation capacity by different entities during our field visits made during this study.
Overall ABT meter base & future requirement has been calculated using meters/ MW installed capacity.
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Treatment of Production Data
In order to assess the expected growth rate of T&D equipment requirement in the power sector, the present contribution data. of non-power from industries/ respective consumers has been separated from the overall production Opinions Divisional Chairmen & IEEMA counterpart were taken for ascertaining the values shown in the table. For product categories & product sub-categories which have not been mentioned in the adjacent table, IEEMA. the data regarding power sector consumption was directly made available by Product Category Transformers Distribution Power Current Transformers (11 KV & 33 KV only) Potential Transformers (11 KV & 33 KV only) Lightning Arrestors (33 KV & above) CBs (11 KV & 33 KV only) LT Power Cables LT Power Capacitors HT Power Capacitors Share 15% 0% 15% 15% 10% 15% 27% 40% 18%
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Demand for Electrical Equipments in Power Intensive Industries

Power Intensive Industries
Industries considered for Estimation: Aluminium, Automobiles, Cement, Chemicals, Mineral Oil & Petroleum, Fertilizers, Food Products, Heavy & Light Engineering, Iron & Steel, Mining & Quarrying, Non-Ferrous, Paper, Sugar, Textiles Inputs Installed Captive Generation capacity, Actual Energy Consumption & Actual Energy Generation Projected individual industry CAGR & Capacity Utilization Average Load factor (90%) and Average Power Factor (90%) Actual Load Requirement (MVA) Installed Power & Distribution Transformer Capacity (MVA) Sample installed 11kV Cable, LT Capacitors requirement Methodology: Current Installed MVA Capacity of transformers = Energy Consumption/ Power factor/ load factor/ Capacity Utilization Projected capacity addition (MVA of Equipments) = Current Installed MVA Capacity x projected growth rate of industry Additional Load Requirement = Projected Capacity Addition x capacity utilization x PLF x LF Distribution Transformer requirement = Additional Load Requirement/ Current Actual Load x Current Dist. Transformer Power Transformer requirement = Additional Load Requirement/ Current Actual Load x Current Power Transformer CB, Isolator, CT, PT, LA : in the ratio of Transformer requirement in the industries to that in the Sub-Transmission System Remarks Actual for 1998-2005 Collected from various sources Input from various sources Collected from a sample of 25 Industries Collected from a sample of 25 Industries Collected from a sample of 25 Industries
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Demand for Electrical Equipments in Railways

Indian Railways Estimated Demand FY 08 - 17
The Central Organization for Railway Electrification (CORE) has standardized equipment requirement for every 60 route kilometers of railway line to be electrified. Using the standard requirement for the 11th Plan target for railway line electrification & taking the 12th Plan as 10% in excess of the 11th Plan the requirement of electrical equipment for Greenfield works in Railways has been arrived at. For determining the replacement (R&M) requirement of equipments the life of equipments has been taken as 25 years i.e. 4% annual replacement has been taken.
Equipment Power transformers (MVA) 25kV CB (No.'s) Interrupters (800A, 8KA); (No.'s) Isolators (No.'s) CT (No.'s) PT (No.'s) LA (No.'s)
Greenfield 5145 613 2573 5513 858 1838 3308
R&M 4987 594 2494 5343 831 1781 3206
Total 10132 1206 5066 10856 1689 3619 6513
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Field Survey Data: Benchmarking

Details of Responses Received from Field Survey w.r.t. Benchmarking
Quality of Equipment Adherence to delivery Schedule 2.82 2.56 2 3 3.06 2.92 After Sales Service
Industry Power Intensive Industries Discoms Gencos Transcos Power Industry
Responses
Cost
Technology
Overall
22 9 1 6 16 38
3.64 3.44 3 3.5 3.44 3.55
2.73 2.56 3 2.5 2.56 2.66
2.82 2.56 2 2.83 2.63 2.74
2.91 3 3 3.5 3.19 3.03
3.09 3.04 2.67 3.14 3.05 3.08
1 Significantly Inferior 2 Inferior, 3 Comparable, 4 Superior, 5 Significantly Superior
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Web Based Survey Data: Benchmarking

Details of Responses Received from Web Based Survey w.r.t. Benchmarking
Automation in Production 2.33 2 3 3 2.25 2 2 2.42 R&D Expenditure 2 1.5 3 3.25 2 1 1.5 2.18 Training & Development 2.33 1.5 4 2.5 3.25 1 2 2.47 Delivery Schedules 3 3.5 4 3.25 3.25 3 3 3.24 Customer Relations 3 4.5 5 3.5 3.5 3 3 3.53
Category Cables Capacitors Instrument Transformers Meters Switchgears TLT Transformers Total
Responses 3 2 1 4 4 1 2 17
Quality 3 3 4 3 2.75 3 3 3
Overall 2.59 2.57 3.73 3.07 2.80 2.13 2.38 2.76
1 Significantly Inferior 2 Inferior, 3 Comparable, 4 Superior, 5 Significantly Superior
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Major technology trends

Conductor technology
Parameter Environment /Safety ACCC More friendly (Lesser no. of Towers) Less weight Best ( min. sag, min power loss) ACCR <ACCC >ACSR Less weight Decent ACSR Less friendly (More no. of Towers) More weight Not good
Trends Majority of overhead line conductors are non homogeneous (made up of more than one material) having a high-strength core material surrounded by a high-conductivity material. The most common conductor type is the aluminium conductor steel reinforced (ACSR). HTS (High Temperature Superconductor) materials such as ACCR & ACCC are used having property of resisting the annealing effects of high temperatures and capable of carrying two to three times more power than conventional conductors while using existing towers. Key features of new technology Chemically compatible materials Heat-resistant, hardened aluminium outer strands Core stability, even above the rated operating temperature Lighter in weight Not affected by long-term creep of the aluminium Can be operated continuously at high temperatures 180C without damage, and at 200C for short-term durations.
Size/Weight Operational Efficiency
High Overall Cost
<ACCC >ACSR
Low initial cost
Comparison table of New & Conventional technology
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Cable sag with rising temp. in different conductor
INVAR an alloy of iron and nickel has an
expansion coefficient about one-third of steel.

Gap-type
ZT-aluminium conductor steel reinforced (GZTACSR) uses heat-resistant aluminium over a steel core. A small annular gap exists between a high-strength steel core and the first layer of trapezoidal-shaped aluminium strands. conductors even at very high temperature.
Cable sag is least in ACCC & GAP type
The key innovation in ACCR is the core, which is made of a stable inorganic aluminium matrix composite material.
source-CTC corporation
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Gap-type conductor requires about 25% more time to
install than an ACSR. Invar has considerably less mechanical strength than steel making it unsuitable for Ice-loading area. ACCC/TW the compact trapezoidal conductors, has approximately 28% more aluminium cross-sectional area than ACSR or ACSS conductors. The greater aluminium content, combined with the capability to work at high operating temperatures, can double the current carrying capacity of an existing transmission line. In practice
source-CTC corporation
Power loss is minimum in ACCC/TW and ACCR is second best alternative at different Amapcity
ACCR/ACCC conductors are being used in most cities of US. However due to higher initial cost, this technology is not prevalent in developing countries. Invar reinforced conductors are good for Asia.
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Cables technology
Trends
Parameter Environment /Safety HTS Better ( reduction in CO2 Emission) Less weight (BSCCO2223 (Bismuth-StrontiumCalcium-CopperOxide), liquid nitrogen for insulation) Better (Hundred times current capacity) High initial cost Overall Cost XLPE More environment issues More weight (Copper, XLPE)
Size/Weight
Copper cables with XLPE insulation have been in presence since beginning of electrical cables but it is desirable to transfer maximum current with least losses. Trends started with new HTS (High temperature superconducting) technology which off late has stepped into its superior generation called as HTS 2G. Key features of new technology HTS materials are highly complementary to energy efficient technologies as a substitute for copper.
Power densities of over 100x that of copper.
High losses
Operational Efficiency
Low initial cost
Reduction in CO2 emissions Increased levels of power with increased reliability
and reduced material usage.

In practice The Detroit Edison Co., U.S., in a pilot project had installed HTS technology based power cables producing the world's first 115kV HTS cable system in 2001. In August 2006, American Electric Power (AEP) has installed a 200-m (656-ft) HTS cable at its Bixby Substation.
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Cables technology
Parameter Environment /Safety GIL More safer ( no fire risk), reduced CO2 emission Less weight More weight Operational Efficiency Overall Cost Better ( low losses) High Low Less Conventional OH Less friendly to environment
Size/Weight
Trends Gas Insulated Transmission Line (GIL) is a means of bulk electric power transmission at extra high voltage, e.g. 400kV, with rated currents up to 4000A. GIL consists of tubular aluminium conductors encased in a metallic tube that is filled with a mixture of SF6 and Nitrogen gases for electrical insulation. Where GIL is installed in combination with Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS), compact solutions can be delivered in order to supply large amounts of electric power to meet the high demand of large cities and industry. Key features of new technology
High transmission capacity
Low transmission losses High reliability For same capacity, resistance in the GIL is 70%
In practice GIL in comparison to OH lines for HVDC transmission is more economical transmission system. In cases where complete GIL is not possible a combination of GIL and OH HVDC can be used. One such Project is at Geneva where ABB has installed 400m section with GIL and rest line is OH.
less then that in conventional overhead line.

Very low external magnetic fields
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Cable insulation technology
Parameter polypropylene EPR XLPE Environment /Safety Polymers have similar environment issues , Paper composite Polymers have similar environment issues extruded insulation Smaller than XLPE Operational Efficiency Lower coefficient of friction, High temp. sustainability, physically tougher, best compatibility with HTS technology Moderate cost , High cost of cable when used in HTS cables More heat resistance, less thermal expansion Polymers have similar environment issues extruded insulation Bigger cable diameter High dielectric strength
Size/Weight
Small C/S area , small cable diameter
Trends Polypropylene cable insulation has a higher AC breakdown strength than EPR (ethylene propylene rubber) and XLPE (crosslinked polyethylene), both of which are widely used for DC cable insulation. The DC resistivity of Polypropylene cable is larger than that of XLPE and oil-impregnated paper insulations. The electrical stress coefficient of resistivity of Polypropylene cable insulation increases with temperature, which may have important engineering implications. Key features of new technology - SF6 In order to optimize the insulation design of a cold dielectric high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable, the composite insulation system has been investigated according to the arrangement of laminated polypropylene paper (LPP) in liquid nitrogen. LPP is a prominent insulating material with a high dielectric strength and low dielectric loss, which has been used as HTS cable insulating materials, the dielectric properties on composite insulation system according to the arrangement of LPP immersed in LN2 have economic and dielectric performances satisfaction.
Overall Cost
Moderate cost
Lower in cost
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Insulator technology
Parameter Composite polymers More Safer (No explosion risk) Compact, less weight No leakage currents caused by hydrophobic currents. Reduction in failure rate, Low flashover rate High Initial Capital Cost, Low operating cost ( Less installation cost, Less explosion mitigation cost, Less safety cost, Less maintenance cost) Porcelain
Environment /Safety Size/Weight
Less safer Larger in size High flashover rate
Trends Electrical insulation, depending upon the location of electrical network, often faces harsh environments that include desert, marine and industrial pollution, along with high ambient temperatures resulting in flashover. Porcelain insulator which is at present most prevalent in the industry have high flashover rate, this can be overcome by using new composite polymers offering low flashovers and cutting maintenance cost of insulators. Key features of new technology
Pollution Resistant Seismic Resistant.
Overall Cost
Low initial cost, High life time cost
Explosion Resistant. Tensile strength higher then steel despite 75% less
weight
Hydrophobic qualities
In Practice Composite SiR (Silicon Rubber) in a field test of 230 kV line in Saudi Arabia has been proved as more reliable insulator then conventional porcelain. Pilot projects of using polymer based insulators in 800 kV UHVDC have shown positive results. One such pilot project is at Ludvika Sweden. Polymeric insulators are also in use in India in coastal and highly polluted areas.
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Instrument transformer technology
Parameter DOIT Environment /Safety More friendly (No SF6 gas, oil or paper for insulation, Dry nitrogen,) More Safer (No explosion risk, Dielectric cables) Decent (SF6 is easier to handle then oil) Size/Weight Compact, Easy mounting, Less transportation cost Bigger in size Combined CT&PT are compact solution Better then conventional Low High safety & maintenance cost Not good SF6 Filled Oil Filled conventional CT/PT/CVT Less safe
Trends Conventional oil-filled CTs and PTs have higher failure rate in service by exploding and burning. Such events might result in extensive damage to adjacent equipment and endanger the safety of substation and switchyard personnel. Overcoming these shortcomings SF6 gas filled instrument transformer has been accepted almost everywhere. Major advantage of gas filled instrument transformer has and will remain in their high voltage rating. Key features of new technology - SF6
Higher reliability with simple internal structure Easy inspection and maintenance work because of
No Ferro resonance, Reduction in failure rate, More Accurate, No magnetic saturation Low(More Capital cost, Less installation cost, Less explosion mitigation cost, Less safety cost , less maintenance cost)
Overall Cost
SF6 gas insulation

Easy installation without oil-purifying process Better compatibility with gas insulated switchgear
(GIS)
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Instrument transformer technology
Trends
DOCT Operating principle
The Digital Optical Instrument transformers (DOIT) combine traditional measuring techniques with digital optical signal transmission, allowing a purely non-conducting connection between the transducer part in the switchyard and the interface part in the control room. The DOCT, Digital Optical Current Transformer consists of a transducer in the primary circuit connected by an optical fibre to the interface unit in the control room. In the transducer, the current value is measured with a magnetic current transformer, a shunt or a Rogowski coil. After sampling and conversion into digital form by the DOIT electronics, the current value is transmitted as an optical signal in the fibre to the interface in the control room. Power to supply the DOIT electronics is simultaneously transmitted as laser light from the interface to the transducer, using the same or a separate optical fibre. Key features of new technology-DOIT

source-ABB
In practice NYPA (New York power authority) is gaining firsthand experience with optical instrument devices during both normal and system fault conditions for both the 345- and 765-kV systems before they can be considered as alternatives to conventional instrument transformers at other locations on their system possibly at voltages as high as 765 kV.
Dry nitrogen as insulation No explosion risk No Ferro-resonance No magnetic saturation
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Power transformer technology
Parameter Environment /Safety Dryformer More friendly ( No oil or paper for insulation) More Safer (Low explosion risk) Compact (Easy mounting) Reduction in failure rate, less losses Less (More Capital cost, Less explosion mitigation cost, Less safety cost, Less maintenance cost) Oil filled Risk of contamination of soil or ground water
Size/Weight Operational Efficiency
More weight More losses
Trends Recent trends in Power Transformers focus on reduction in transformer no load and full load losses in consideration with environment and life time cost. Two new products have been recently launched: Powerformer, a new generator that can be directly connected to the transmission network and an oil free power transformer, Dryformer. The Dryformer is an innovative high-voltage transformer design that eliminates the need for oil by using high-voltage crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) instead of oil/paper in the construction of the transformer windings. The new concept is the result of the marriage of high voltage cable technology and transformer technology. Key features of new technology
Absence of oil Low risk of explosion Can be installed anywhere - close to lakes and
Overall Cost
High maintenance & explosion mitigation cost
In Practice Two units having rating 42 MVA, 64/25 KV of Dryformer has been installed at BC Hydro Canada by ABB in 2003.
rivers, in underground caverns or densely populated areas
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Parameter Powerformerr Environment /Safety More friendly (No need of oil due to elimination of transformer) Compact (reduction in size & components) Elimination of transformation losses in GT Low (overall LCC reduction by 30%) Safety issues with oil used in transformer Conventional GT
Size/Weight
More weight Losses in GT
Trends The Powerformer combine the functions of a conventional generator and a step-up transformer. Thus it is a high voltage generator which can be connected directly to the power network without the need of a step-up transformer. The novelty of the new generator concept is the use of proven power cable as stator winding. Although Powerformer is not a transformer, it does away with the necessity for a generator transformer. The conventional generator design is based on rectangular armature slots and conductor bars and the maximum output voltage is limited to the order of 25-30 kV but is usually fixed at around 13.8 kV. In contrast, the Powerformer operates at a relatively high voltage and low current. The new generator has armature windings with a cylindrical cross-section based on proven solid dielectric power cables, like in the Dryformer. Key features of new technology
Solid dielectric power cables no need of step up transformer High voltage low current Reduction in size and number of parts.
High
Overall Cost
In practice The first generator (11 MVA, 45 kV, 600 rpm) to feature this concept was installed in June 1998 at the Porjus hydropower plant in the Swedish national grid. Another generator rated at 136 kV, 42 MVA, 3000 rpm for a thermal power station was commissioned in Autumn 2000 also in Sweden
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Parameter Environment /Safety Superconducting power transformer More friendly (No need of oil, liquid nitrogen is used for insulation as well as coolant) Compact(for same capacity amount of HTS materials used is very low then conventional copper) Elimination of Both load & no load loss Conventional Safety issues with oil used in transformer More weight ( copper has more weight then BSCCO) More Losses
Trends Conventional power transformers have copper coil and iron core. With change in voltage heat dissipation takes place in the form of I2R losses. Along with this load loss there is also no load loss in the core of power transformers. Superconducting power transformers uses HTS materials such as BSCCO (Bismuth-Strontium-Calcium-Copper-Oxide) for coils and some transformer design come with features with no core at all. HTS materials have a unique property that they transmit power with absolutely no resistance at some particular temperature. This way superconducting transformers have almost no losses. Key features of new technology

Size/Weight
Operational Efficiency Overall Cost
High initial cost (cost of High coolant is added), for capacity above 10 MVA considerable low LCC can be achieved. Comparison table of New & Conventional technology
In practice American superconducting corp. (AMC), ABB etc are working over HTS transformers. ABB has already installed one HTS distribution transformer in Geneva. Pilot projects of HTS power transformers are in progress. The high initial cost associated with superconducting transformers can be trade off more easily in case of power transformers in long term.
No resistance in coils No use of copper or iron Liquid nitrogen or polyimide film can be used as insulation Heat formation in core is avoided Absolute low losses HTS materials have low weight & high power transmit capacity
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Metering technology
System Element/Feature Data collection Static Meter (Without Remote reading) Manual, monthly Static Meter (Automatic Meter Reading AMR) Remote via communication network, daily or more often Time-based (usage each hour or more often) Total consumption billing Pricing options Customer options Additional devices enabled None In-home displays Advanced Metering Infrastructure Remote via communication network, daily or more often Time-based (usage each hour or more often) Pricing options Customer options Utility operations Emergency demand response In-home displays Smart Thermostats Appliance controllers
Data recording
Total consumption
Trends Static meters are replacing electromechanical meters because of number of benefits they possess over electromechanical meters. AMR and Pre-paid metering are helping utilities cutting on losses but if we go beyond AMR for further new trends AMI (Advanced metering Infrastructure) is the most promising alternative with extraordinary features such as outage management and use of appliance controllers. Key features of new technology

Primary application
Total consumption billing
Two way or four quadrant metering DSM (Demand side management) Customer Load Research Turn off appliances Automatic Detection of outage
In Practice Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) enabled Smart meters are in use at major cities of NorthAmerica including California, Pennsylvania, Idaho, Toronto etc. AMR is in installation stage in India with any primary and 110 V secondary voltage.
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Capacitor technology
Parameter Environment /Safety Dry type capacitor Gains on Safety; no risk of leakage , more friendly to environment; low noise level Compact(less weight) More weight Operational Efficiency Higher availability due to reduced maintenance Low availability Conventional impregnated Leakage risk
Trends Dry type Power capacitors consist of serial- connected capacitor blocks that are stacked on one another in a tubeshaped, silicone-filled casing. The absence of liquid entirely eliminates leakage risks. The outer casing consists of silicone rubber with optimal properties when it comes to climatic and environmental stresses. By use of metallized film, insulated by means of polymers instead of impregnated materials, the capacitors get a dry design, making them environmentally very friendly. In manufacturing, they require neither impregnating fluids nor the use of paint solvents. They have high energy density, which together with their cylindrical shape enables very compact build-up of the DC capacitor bank. Key features of new technology
Liquid free Self healing dielectrics No requirement of fuses
Size/Weight
High initial cost Overall Cost
Low
In Practice Dry type capacitors are emerging as a promising technology trends cutting on losses and kind to environment. This technology is already prevalent in developed countries and gaining presence in developing countries too.
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SF6 insulated standard capacitors
Parameter Sf6 insulated Conventional capacitors Conventional capacitor oil has environmental issues Presence of liquid increases weight Lower efficiency( more losses) low capital cost though maintenance cost is high
Trends For achievement of the high internal breakdown strength from a standard capacitor the insulating gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) under operating pressure of 4 bar is used as insulation. Also used, wound insulating tubes of glass fibre reinforced polyester resin provide the high mechanical strength of the pressure vessels, which is moveable on rollers. Key features of new technology

Environment /Safety
More friendly to environment; No hazardous oil
Size/Weight
Less weight High (high mechanical strength ) High capital cost, low maintenance cost
Overall Cost
High stability of capacitance Neglect able dielectric loss factor Free of partial discharges Two separate measuring capacitances for parallel Measurements, for instance of voltage and capacitance
Design The electrodes are insulated from each other with SF6 gas. The insulating cylinder also serves as a pressure vessel. It is made of high-grade, fibre-reinforced synthetic resin. The standard capacitors are furnished with a mobile base fitted with easy moving swivel casters. The measuring connections, gas-filling valve and pressure gauge are mounted on the mobile base. The measuring connection is provided with surge arresters. The top electrode allows making corona free connections to other high voltage components.
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Substation technology
Parameter Environment /Safety GIS Gains on Safety; Reduced CO2 emission, elimination of oil usage, however associated environmental issues with SF6 Compact( Easy mounting, Less transportation cost) Higher availability due to reduced maintenance Higher initial Overall Cost investment Comparison table of New & Conventional technology Moderate maintenance Low initial cost Hybrid >GIS <AIS AIS Less friendly
Size/Weight
Smaller than AIS
Bigger In size
Moderate
Lower availability and higher
Trends Initial cost of Gas insulated switchgear as compared to Air insulated switchgear is more however high operational efficiency makes it better choice for HV. The advantages of GIS technology over AIS technology are mainly that it offers greater compactness, and insensitivity to pollution, in particular at the busbars. In addition, in order to clean the insulators of a GIS substation, it is generally necessary merely to isolate each bay in turn, whereas in order to clean the insulators of the busbars of an AIS substation, it is necessary to isolate all of the busbars. Key features of new technology A hybrid substation consists in progressively replacing GIStechnology equipment with AIS-technology equipment of equivalent function, starting from the equipment situated in the vicinity of an overhead feeder and going towards the busbars. The optimum configuration that satisfies the above-mentioned objectives consists firstly in equipping the substation with metal-clad (GIS) busbars and disconnectors, and secondly in using conventional AIS technology for the remainder of the equipment.
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Parameter Environment /Safety Size/Weight Integrated More friendly( low noise level) Compact (less space req.) Less losses ( reduced damage risk to high voltage, improved electrical quality) Low (Integrated technology features less LCC) conventional High noise level More space req. More losses
High
Trends The recent trends in switchgear technology are towards integrated solutions and thus try to achieve reduction in capital, space and operating cost to achieve efficient life cycle cost solutions. Trends have been in integrating the different equipments into one. Combine functions do come with one threat that if one component fail it will effect the complete chain but a good design do promise life cycle cost cutting, space & environment considerations. Key features of new technology Compact switchgear modules Reduced space requirements Integrated disconnecting function Reduced maintenance requirements Increased availability Motor operating mechanism Motor Drive Just one moving part Integrated constant monitoring No need for preventive maintenance Low noise level
Overall Cost
Key features of new technology

Minimizes risk for high switching transients Reduced risk for damage to high voltage equipment Reduced risk for faults on low voltage side and in control
system Improved electrical quality
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LTB Compact
Switching module up to 170 kV LTB COMPACT The primary circuits are connected with maintenance free contacts. The disconnecting function is obtained by moving the trolley from service position to disconnected position by means of a motor operated moving device, fully interlocked with the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker trolley can also be removed from the bay temporarily or replaced with another.
Source - ABB
DSCBDSDOCT-
Disconnector Circuit breaker Disconnector Digital optical current transformer
DS
CB
DS
DOCT
Annexure - 6
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LTB Combined
Switching module up to 170 kV LTB Combined The LTB combined is based on the LTB standard circuit breaker. The disconnecting function is integrated in the breaking chamber. That means that the circuit breaker fulfills all requirements for a circuit breaker as well as all requirements for a disconnector. A safe interlocking system, composite insulators and a motor driven grounding switch provide personal safety. Key features of new technology
Excellent capacitive switching performance High dielectric strength from optimized contact
Breaker Breaker Disconnector Disconnector Earth switch Earth switch Current Current
transformer transformer Polymer Polymer
Source - ABB
system design Low noise level during open / close operations hence suitable for installation in residential areas High seismic withstand capability due to optimized support structure design
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Switching module up to 550 kV DS Disconnector ES Earth switch CB Circuit breaker DOCT Digital optical current transformer HPL compact The base for the design is the standard single pole operating HPL circuit breaker with a motor charged spring operating mechanism. On the HPL the primary circuits are connected with maintenance free contacts. The disconnecting function is obtained by moving the trolley from service position to disconnected position by means of a motor operated moving device, fully interlocked with the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker trolley can also be removed from the bay temporarily or replaced with another
Source- ABB
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Combined current voltage sensor
Switching module up to 550 kV PASS (plug & switch system) In air-insulated substations with space restrictions and/or heavy climatic conditions, PASS offers a system solution for minimized erection and delivery time either for retrofit, extensions or green-field projects.
CB
Combined disconnector / earthing switch: 2 disconnector
B B 1
B B 2D
S D S E S C B
CT VT

Source- ABB
SF6 reduced by 80% Maintenance cost reduced by
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38% Space reduced by 70% Total life cycle cost less than 60%
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Transmission technology
Parameter Environment /Safety HVDC Light More friendly to environment (Oil free cables ) Light weight cables Underground cable ( no induced circulating current) Low (no land constraints, share RoW, less cables then AC ) AC System Less friendly
Trends HVDC Light is a transmission technology based on voltage source converters and insulated gate bipolar transistors that extend the economical power range of HVDC transmission down to just a few megawatts. Besides being a cost competitive alternative to conventional AC transmission and local generation, it also opens up new possibilities for improving the quality of supply in AC power networks.
Size/Weight
More weight Low
Overall Cost
More cables cost high

Application Feed main grid from small scale generation Renewables such as wind, hydro Feed low cost energy from main grid Integrate potential local generation with new system as back-up supply Utilize existing rights-of-way

Underground polymer cables Easy permits Connection to passive loads Independent control of active and reactive power flow Short delivery times No special dc transformers
ONGC is planning to install HVDC light to transmit power generated offshore to coastal areas.
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HVDC 800 KV
Parameter Environment /Safety HVDC 800 Inherent environment advantage- narrow tracks, RoW problem minimum, renewable generation encouraged Less number of lines AC RoW problems
Trends The use of HVDC at 800 kV has been found efficient, environmentally friendly and economically attractive for large point to point power transmissions of the order of 6400 MW and more, with distances of more than 1000 km. Worldwide there is an increasing interest in the application of HVDC at 800 kV. Key features of new technology
Lower investment and lower losses for
Size/Weight
More number of lines
High (Low magnetic fields, less losses)
Low (High magnetic fields, more losses)
Overall Cost
Low ( less no of lines, less installation cost)
High installation & other cost
bulk power transmission Asynchronous interconnections No contribution to Short circuit power Improved transmission in parallel AC circuits Instant and precise power flow control 3 times more power in a ROW than AC Low Losses Low magnetic field
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HVDC 800 KV
With the introduction of 800 kV DC it will be possible to transmit power as far as 3 000 kilometers (over 1 850 miles) with reasonable transmission losses. China is currently planning to build one 800 kV DC line per year over the next ten years, with a capacity of between 5 000 and 6 400 MW per line. India plans to expand hydro power in the northeastern part of the country. As in China, the demand for power is far away from the resources, so also in India the power will have to be transmitted as far as 2000 km (up to 1 200 miles). India is currently planning to build one 800 kV DC line every two years over the next ten years, with a capacity of 6 000 MW per line. Equipments test at 800 KV has been done by STRI in collaboration of ABB at Sweden. Composite polymers, composite conductors, dry type capacitors etc have been tested successfully.
Source siemens
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HVDC 800 KV
Cost differences between 765 kV AC, 500 kV DC and 800 kV DC.
Transmission of 6000 MW over 2000 km through 800 KV DC have less losses and other cost then that for other alternatives such as 765 KV AC & 500 KV DC. Although station cost for 800 KV DC comes to be slight higher then that for other alternatives. The reason for increase in station cost is use of high operational efficient equipments such as conductors, polymers, etc which carries high initial cost but carry more power then conventional equipments.
Source- Siemens
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HVDC 800 KV
Number of lines& RoW differences between 765 kV AC, 500 kV DC and 800 kV DC.
Source- Siemens
Number of lines used and RoW is considerably less in case of 800 kv DC.
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Annexure - 6

HVDC 800 KV
Cost difference between HVAC & HVDC
Cost to transmit a unit of power through HVDC is economical then through HVAC. The test shown is done for a distance of 900 km and transmission capacity of 2000 MW. However HVDC promises to be an economical alternative in almost all cases.
Source- Siemens
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Annexure - 6

Distribution Transformer - Amorphous core transformer with liquid nitrogen
Parameter Amorphous core Conventional Silicon steel DT Environment /Safety More friendly to environment; low noise level, No hazardous oil Conventional transformer oil has environmental issues Same Lower efficiency( more losses) Quite low capital cost though maintenance cost is high
Trends Test on single phase 50 HZ l1/0.23kV pole mount distribution transformers with amorphous core and liquid nitrogen filled in transformer tanks shows reduction in losses then using silicon steel with conventional transformer oil. A number of effects have been observed with respect to temperature and the losses associated with the transformers. Liquid nitrogen temperature essentially has no effect on core losses. This is an important result which may indicate that the reduced core material resistivity is balanced by the reduced depth of current penetration. This means that full immersion liquid nitrogen techniques can be considered in power transformer design. Key features of new technology

Size/Weight
Same High (low capacitance, high resonance frequency, low winding losses) High capital cost, low maintenance cost
Overall Cost
Significant reductions in transformer losses can be made if silicon steel is replaced by amorphous steel. The saving in standing losses may pay off the extra 20% capital cost of the transformer. If it is desirable to not use oil as insulation, then the liquid nitrogen offers an alternative. At present, due to cryogenic heat exchanger requirements, this may not be cost competitive.
Low capacitance with the use of liquid nitrogen Low dissipation factor- better insulation High resonance frequency Low winding losses
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Annexure - 6

Switchgear technology
Switching module up to 38 kV NOVA switchgear* NOVA is an integrated design that utilizes cycloaliphatic epoxy solid insulation, state-of-theart axial magnetic field vacuum interrupters, and a low energy magnetic actuator mechanism. These components complement each other and are vital in making NOVA a unique oil-, SF6-, and maintenance-free tool for applications on distribution systems up to 38 kV. Key features of new technology After full evaluation of lifecycle expenses, NOVA prevails as the most cost-effective recloser alternative. In a deregulated environment, where utilities are being forced to become more efficient and cost-effective energy providers, NOVA contributes by eliminating maintenance and installation costs, as well as the environmental concerns and costs related to oil- or SF6 insulated reclosers.
*A Cooper power product
Solid Insulation SF6 Gas Free, Oil Free Cycloaliphatic Epoxy insulation Axial Magnetic Design Mechanism Design
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Annexure - 6

Sources of Information for technology trends
Document
Insulator technology Conductor technology Cables technology Cable insulating technology Instrument transformer technology Power transformer technology Substation technology Capacitor technology Switchgear technology Transmission technology HVDC 800 KV technology Metering technology Amorphous transformer Sf6 insulated capacitors
Source
www.stri.se, www.powergridindia.com www.3m.com/accr, www.ctc.com, www.generalcable.com www.generalcable.com www.amsuper.com, www.siemens.com www.tdworld.com , www.power-technology.com www.abb.com/doit , www.tdworld.com www.stri.se, www.tdworld.com www.abb.com/library , www.tdworld.com www.tdworld.com, www.cooperpower.com www.tdworld.com, www.cooperpower.com/library www.stri.se, www.powergridindia.com www.stri.se , www.abb.com/library www.tdworld.com, www.dcsi.com www.tdworld.com www.highvolt.de
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Annexure - 6
We are PricewaterhouseCoopers We use our network, experience, industry knowledge and business understanding to build trust & create value for clients we call this Connected Thinking
2007 PricewaterhouseCoopers. All rights reserved. PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to the network of member firms of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited, each of which is a separate and independent legal entity. *connectedthinking is a trademark of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (US).
PwC

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IEEMA Electrical equipments - Demand assessment* September 2007

IEEMA Industry Leaders

State Level Entities

Global T&D System Development Trend

Large Interconnected System

India Ghana Nigeria Burma

Developing Countries Note: Axes on logarithmic scales

Emerging Countries GDP at PPP per Capita

Factors influencing demand

Government Policy: National Electricity Policy, 2005 outlines the

lifetime cost, size & weight, safety etc.

T&D Equipments Market Segmentation

power sector the various utilities under

Nature of Requirement: Each Industry/ Consumer of

classification based on voltage class, rating and technology etc.

Present Market Size Indian Equipment Manufacturers

Previous plans & achievements

Achievements in Previous Plans

Previous Plan Achievements

economic, PIB, environment clearances and delay in preparation of DPRs etc.

Non-availability of required manpower.

Achievements in Previous Plans

10th Plan Achievement

3,000 3,500 32,660 41,106

2,000 3,000 32,562 40,134

67% 86% 100% 98%

Installed Capacity (March 2007)

forest clearances, rehabilitation & resettlement issues

Achievements in Previous Plans

MVA MVA MVAR

45,853 65,505 15,565

Ckm Ckm Ckm

83,124 9,76,169 20,21,008

Future Plans up to 2017

National Plans - 2017

and peaking shortages to be overcome and adequate spinning reserve to be available.

an efficient manner and at reasonable rates.

good by year 2012.

National Plans - 2017

Government. Non-Conventional 14,000 14,000

awarding projects through the competitive bidding route.

BHEL is increasing annual plant & equipment capacity from

present level of 6,000 MW to 10,000 MW by December 2007 and to 15,000 MW by 2012.

Shanghai Electric etc. is set to improve generation capacity addition achievements.

L&T, Mitsubishi etc. will impact the segment positively.

State Plans - 2017

Plan of Major IPPs*

for 2000 MW and the balance are in initial stages.

to get commissioned in 12th Plan.

National Plans - 2017

* 12th Plan capacity addition increased based on Generation Plan

State Plans - 2017

National Plans - 2017

Ckm Ckm Ckm

1,50,000 6,75,000 6,75,000

1,00,000 7,00,000 2,200,000

MVA MVA MVAR

1,30,000 1,62,000 15,565

* Same plan with 5% escalation taken for 12th Plan

The focus areas in Distribution in the 11th Plan are:

State Plans - 2017

over the 11th Plan period.