Sefer ha-Mishkal

Text and Study

A Dissertation

Presented to
The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences

Brandeis University

Department of Near Eastern Judaic Studies

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Doctor of Philosophy

By

Jochanan H. A. i3nhoven

March 1964

To my teacher 3 and friends

who have shown me a road to wisdom and life under the wings of the Shekhinah.

"

n>K -|n>Ki ay lay (to,k :cm)

"

Preface and Acknowledgements

The subject of the present thesis is Moses de Leon's

Sefer ha-Mishkal .

A new and critical text of this book

had become a desideratum to replace the outdated and

faulty Basel-edition of 1608.

The text, here presented,

is based on a selected collection of manuscripts of the

S ef er

ha-Mi shkal .

The book deals with, the kabbalistic

view on the doctrine of the soul.

newed interest in the Zohar
.

In light of the re-

in Moses de Leon's Hebrew

writings, and in Kabbalism in general, this thesis may

serve as a contribution to the understanding of the

psychology in the Kabbalah.

My personal interest in Kabbalism has grown ever
since
I

attended Professor Scholem's lectures on Kabbalah

I

as a student at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

owe a great debt of gratitude to him for having me

introduced into a field of Jewish tradition which has

become for me a source of personal scholarly interest and

of spiritual wealth.

Shea

came to the United States in

960

found in

Professor Altmann of Brandeis University a person and

teacher who helped and stimulated me to develop my
interest in Jewish mysticism and philosophy.
He guided

me into the first experiments with Hebrew manuscripts

which resulted in a master's thesis on Moses de Leon's

vi
commentary of the Jewish morning-prayer, his Sef er Maskiot

Kesef

It was Dr. Altmann who advised me to work on a

critical text of the Sefer ha-Mishkal for my doctoral

dissertation.
I

want to thank him here for his advise

and help throughout my studies at Brandeis and as the

director of my doctoral thesis.

The completion of a thesis is a welcome occasion
to express my thanks to the many persons
I

am indebted.

To my parents for having me taught the value and primary

importance of spiritual things; to my uncle, Martin

i;jnhoven, whose love for Israel was of such great

influence on my life.
I am

To

the Dormition Abbey in Jerusalem

greatly indebted and thankful that the opportunity

was given to me to live and study in Israel and to complete my studies at the Hebrew University..
The teachers

and friends I have found at the Hebrew University are too

many to mention.

feel privileged in having shared their

At a very difficult

company and quest for knowledge.

juncture of my life it was Brandeis University that

provided me with the means to pursue my objective of

Jewish studies.
In particular I want to express my thanks

to Professor Glatzer,

chairman of the Department of Near

I

Eastern and Jewish Studies at Brandeis.

to him as a teacher,

am grateful

and as a person whose advise ^has

often helped me.

His confidence in. me, and the first

I. -received

opportunity in teaching which

through him,

will always appreciate.

I

want also to express my especial debt of gratitude

They have helped me

to my colleagues at Smith College.

greatly in this first difficult year of teaching and

completing my thesis, by their personal sympathy and

friendship.

Their encouragement and interest for my

work and their cordial fellowship haSSmade this year also

a year of .joy.
I I

am aware that this was a great source

of energy which

needed to complete my research and

dissertation.

Finally I want to .thank those who provided me with

scholarly advise during my work on the thesis, in

particular Dr. Raphael Loewe, visiting professor at

Brown University, Providence
It.

I.,

and the libraries in

Europe and the United States that provided me with the

necessary research material.

In particular I want to

mention the Goldfarb library of Brandeis and the Vatican

library-, in Rome.

May this fruit of my studies also be a seed for a

fruitful life for Jewish scholarship and a quest for true
wisdom.

Northampton, Passover, 1964

viii

Table of Contents

Page

Part One

Introduction
Method
The Material - The Manuscripts The Translations

1
2
6

14
15

The Basel-edition

Authorship
The Book
-

19

purpose and content

26

Part Two

Sefer ha-Mishkal

A critical and annotated text

31

Part Three

The Book of the Balance

An English summary

162

ffotes

235 246

Bibliography

PART
I

INTRODUCTION

The Method

The main-part and purpose of this thesis is to present

a new and critical text of the Sefer ha-Mishkal of Moses

de Leon.

The Basel edition of 1608 is outdated.

The text

is full of mistakes, printing errors, and copies of the

book are very rare..

The manuscript that served as a basis

for the Basel text presented the editor with many difficulties as will be explained in the following section of
this introduction..
As a basis for the new and critical text of the Sefer

ha-Mi shkal

here presented, _ a collection of eleven. manu-

scripts have been used and compared with the Basel edition.
The manuscript of the Ambrosian library in Milan, found

in codex 59.60, was chosen as a basis.

After a comparison
this text

of the manuscripts that were available to me,

proved to be the most reliable and to provide the best

reading for a critical edition.

ha-Mi shkal
,

The text of the Sefer

presented in this thesis, is therefore the

Milan version, corrected and annotated according to the

various readings of other manuscripts.
The text of the Sefer ha-Mishkal of the Milan codex

59.60 is not found continuous in the same codex, but in

two separated parts.

The second part starts with a new

pagination.

The pagination of the codex, as well as the

division according to 'the number of lines in the text has

been preserved in this critical edition with the exception

that the pagination here is continuous.

In order to avoid

duplication of numbering f .lr of the second portion is

changed into f.49r to provide unity in pagination through-

out the text.

When a majority of manuscripts showed a different and

better reading than the Milan version, the variant was

introduced into the text in square brackets and the Milan

reading is found in the footnotes.

Frequently the omissions

in the Milan version have been supplemented also from other'

manuscripts and are provided in square brackets.

The

variants from the Milan version can be found in the footnotes at the bottom of every page.
.

A list of sigla,

representing the various mss, that have been used, precedes

the text.
<

Differences in abbreviations of words, in intro-

ductory formula,, in formula for the Divine Name, or mere

variants in plene or defective script, have not been

collected as variants.
No attempt has been made to

correct grammatical errors, or to bring consistency into

the use of plene or defective writing throughout the text.
I

have tried to represent the original reading in the Milan

codex as faithful as possible, as correction of grammar

or method of writing would be merely subjective.

A second series of annotations at the bottom of every

page indicates the quotations from Scripture in the text,

or are references to sources:
Talmud, Midrashim or

kabbalistic literature.

These source annotations could be

expanded much further.

The references to the sources have

no pretension to be exhaustive.

The thesis consists of three parts.

The second part

.

which presents the critical text of the Sefer ha-Mishkal

is the main-body of the thesis.

In this introductory-

part a section is devoted to a survey of all the different

version of the Sefer ha-Mishkal that

was able to trace.

Those manuscripts that have been used for this text are

discussed as to their respective value.

A special para-

graph is devoted to the problem of authorship, in particular

to the problems connected with the appendix,

the so called

part of the Sodoth

Finally, a short section describes

,

content and purpose' of the Sefer ha-Mlshkal

and its

relation to other writings of Koses de Leon.

The third part of this thesis gives an abbreviated

content in English of the Sefer ha-Mishkal

Those who

want

to

consult the content- of the book, in English will

.

find the basical ideas of the Sefer ha-Mishkal

in the English version of the
"

rendered
,

Book of the Balance ".

The scriptural quotations in the Book of the Balance

follow the numbering of chapter and versions of the

English translation of the Jewish Publication Society.
Though the King James version was often preferred as

reading above the JPS version, the discrepancies in^the

numbering of verses between the King James version and the

Hebrew could only be avoided by using the numbering

according to the JPS version.
Sometimes the scriptural

quotes in English represent neither the reading in the

King James version ncthe JPS but

had to use a new

wording in English in order to bring out the verbal connection between so many kabbalistic ideas and the text of the
Bible.
The English abbreviated text of the Book of the

Balance presented numerous difficulties.

Frequently there

was no other option than to betray the wealth and richness

in symbolism of the Hebrew original through the poverty of
the translation.

Notes relating to the introductory part and to part

three of this thesis are found as the end.

They are

followed by a bibliography of the books that have been

utilized for this thesis.

The Material

The manuscripts of Milan

The renowned Bibliotheca Ambrosiana, erected in 1603-

09 by Fabio Manzone, is a library famous for its manuscripts.

A catalogue of the Hebrew codices in this library

1

appeared in

933 from the hand of

0.

Bernheimer.

1)

The

catalogue lists two manuscripts of the Sefer ha-Mishkal .

Codex 59.60 (0 15 inf. N. 157 sup.) contains as its first
item: >pn?an ISO
,

Liber trutinae

by R. Moses ben Shemtob

de Leon.

2)

Bernheimer indicates shortly the content of the

-

book which consists of five parts (f.2v

f.34r).

The

same f.34r continues with a collection of Sodoth, mysteries,

which are presented here as an integral part of the Sefer

ha -Mi shkal
.

A note by the copist indicates that one page

of the text is missing (f.40v) but the hiatus has been

supplied by a later hand on f.43r.

The text runs till

f.48v and continues in cod. M. 157 sup. f.lv.

The part

of the Sodoth ends on f.16v and a note of the copist on

on f.17r reads:

Here ends the Book of the Balance .

In this

"Praise to Him who rideth upon a swift cloud."

manuscript the text of the Sefer ha-Mishkal has 65 folios,

or 130 pages.
Each page has a rule 25 lines^of text.

Only on certain pages this number exceeds or less than 25.

The book is written in Spanish rabbinical script.

Bern-

heimer remarks that the text gives frequently a various

reading from the codex Lugdunensis of Scaliger
(

vide infra

The text of this manuscript has been used as the basis for
the new edition of the Sefer ha-Mishkal and is henceforth

indicated by the siglum

K).

Tbe library of the Brandeis

University in Waltham possesses a microfilm of this manuscript.

A second manuscript of the Sefer ha-Mishkal in the

Bibliotheca Ambrosiana is described by Bernheimer under

Miscellanea 110 (cod. Y

41

sup. part. Ill,

second item).
-

3)

This codex has also the five parts (f.10v

f.23v) and

the appendix of the Sodoth (f.23v - f.38v) which appear

in the title of the Sodoth with the name Gilcatilla.

Bernheimer follows the opinion of Steinschneider who

supposes that the Sodoth are from Moses de Leon and not
h.)

from Gilcatilla. from

(

'

This manuscript differs frequently

as Bernheimer notes.

A microfilm of the manu-

script was not available at the library of Brandeis

University at the time of composition of this

and has therefore not been consulted.

thesis

The ma;jor part of

this manuscript is not readable on account. of water damage.

The manuscript is referred to under the symbol

The manuscripts of the Vatican

,3K

Both the Hebrew manuscripts of the Sefer ha-Mishkal

in the Vatican library are incomplete.

Codex 528, contains The title

a large part of the book on folios 133r - 155v.

of the book lacks.

Of the five traditional parts of the

book this manuscript has only part one, two and five.

The

appendix of the Sodoth is in this manuscript curiouslycalled part six, though the author states clearly in the

beginning that he is going to divide the book in five

parts.
The appendix, or part six, is incomplete.
It deals

only with the mystery of the Fringes and Phylacteries, and

ends abruptly. cursive.

The script is Spanish rabbinical semiThe

The text is partly damaged by humidity.

catalogue of the oriental manuscripts in the Vatican by

Assemanus does not describe this codex."

A photocopy

was obtained from the Vatican library and used in the

preparation of the new edition of the Sefer ha-Mishkal

The library at Brand eis University possesses a microfilm

of this manuscript.

Quoted as

K"l. )

The second fragment of the Sefer ha-Mishkal

also

used in preparation of the final text, is contained in

6)

codex 283.
of the Sodoth
.

This fragment contains only the appendix

which appears in this manuscript under the

The

name of Gikatilla.
4,

mystery of the verse of

"I

Chron.

22,

which appears in the other manuscript as the con-

clusion of the appendix, is treated in codex 283 as the

first (f .40r)

The-last mystery in the traditional

series of Sodoth in the Sefer ha-Mishkal is found on

f .54r.

The text then goes on with mysteries under

authorship of Joseph Gikatilla which do appear in other

manuscripts.

About the confusion of authorship of the

The text is .written in beautiful,

Sodoth vide infra .

clear Spanish rabbinical script.

A photocopy, obtained

from the Vatican library, was used in preparing the

critical text of the Sefer ha-Mlshkal .

Brandeis library

possesses a microfilm of codex 283.

The siglum for this

manuscript is

31 ).

The Parma manuscripts The library of Parma has two manuscripts of the

Sefer ha-Mlshkal

described in the catalogue of the

library by Giovanni Bernardo de Rossi, after whom the library was called.
7)

The first manuscript is a compendium

.

of the Sefer ha-Mlshkal

of an anonymous author, which is

-contained in codex 402^ mentioned briefly in the catalogue,

v.I,

p. 26 as item no.

18 of- forementioned

codex.

A micro-

film at Brandeis University was consulted but proved of

little value for establishing a new text.

The second manuscript, likewise available in micro-

film at Brandeis has been described by de Rossi

two of codex 1230.

8)

as item

The text is complete, including the

-

Sodoth, which de Rossi considers an addition by an anony-

mous author.

The manuscript is in very clear and beautiful

Italian rabbinical writing.

The text has many ommisions

which have been supplied by a later hand in German

rabbinical cursive script.
quoted as
(

The manuscript is henceforth

l).

Polios are not numbered.

The manuscript of Florence The Bibliotheca Laurentiana in Florence, has among

its many manuscripts one copy of the Sefer ha-Mlshkal.

10

The codex Plut. 88.42 contains the complete test of the

book, including the So doth
.

The folios are not numbered,

Tffe- writing

but the Sefer ha-Mlahkal counts 135 pages.

is in Italian rabbinical characters.

The photocopy of the

manuscript proved to be very valuable for establishing

the text.

A microfilm of the codex is at the Brand eis

The manuscript is quoted as (^).

library.

The manuscripts of Munich The National and Royal Library of Munich is par-

ticularly rich in copies of the Sefer ha-Mishkal .

All the

manuscripts have been described by Moritz Steinschneider

in his catalogue of Hebrew manuscripts from the National
Q)

and Royal Library of Munich.

They are the following:

codex 22, containing the Sefer ha-Kishkal as item three

in the codex, and the So doth as item four.
-

Together they
The
10)

occupy the folios 104r

148v,

i.e. 89 pages of text.

Sodoth are ascribed to Joseph Gikatilla in the title.

The manuscript is written ca 1550, in German rabbinical
script.

A photocopy of the manuscript was consulted only

The manuscript is referred to as

for dubious places.

(20).

The manuscript of the Sefer ha-Mlshkal in codex

56 is described by Steinschneider as a faulty copy of

codex -341

vide infra

The manuscript is written in

German rabbinical script and from the second half of the

sixteenth century.

11

The title is given as Hef esh ha;

Hakhamah and contains the Sodoth

folios

57v

202r.

11

The copy has not "been consulted for this thesis.

Codex

^9 contains a fragment of the Sefer ha-Mlshkal , folios

255r - 260v, in German rabbinical cursive script.

consulted.
-

12)

Not

Codex 129 bears the Latin title:

Liber Miscal

Ponderis .

The codex contains only the Sefer ha-Mlshkal,

,

including the part of the So doth

altogether 32 folios.

The manuscript is written; in Spanish (perhaps NorthAfrican) rabbinical script and dated by Steinschneider
as being from
the.

13)

fifteenth century.

The manuscript has

been consulted for this thesis and is cited as (DB)

Codex 341 has a 'fragment of 4 pages of the Sefer ha-Mishkal
(item 16, folios 186v - 188v).

Items 19-20 of the same

.

codex are the Sefer ha-Kishkal and the Sodoth

In the
14)

title of the appendix appears again the name Gikatilla.

Together with the Sodoth the manuscript counts 72 pages

(folios 200v
-

236v)

and is written in semi-cursive

This .manuscript is quoted
.

Spanish rabbinical script.

henceforth as (KB) and proved to be of great value for

this thesis.

Of the four complete copies and two frag-

ments of the Sefer ha-Mishlcal from Munich, the copies

(KO),
(30)

and

(-IB)

are now in microfilms in the library

of Brandeis University.
The manuscripts of Paris
The Bibliotheque National e of Paris has two complete

copies of the Sefer ha-Mishlcal and three fragments.

The

fragments are:

codex 334.14, comprising 30 pages of text

12
from the fifth part of the Sefer ha-Mishkal

dealing with

the resurrection; codes 837.8, a fragment of 18 pages, and

codex 800, a fragment of 26 pages of very unclear, hardly

readable script.
Iw&' 'o6iBtpl6tiB.?edpie B^ Ck9 ) l <a9')
:
, , :

were of great value

Codex 726.3 contains the

establishing the critical text.

Sefer ha-Mishkal with the appendix of the Sodoth on folios

47r - 98r, altogether 102 pages of text, written in a

beautiful,

clear, Spanish rabbinical script.

Codex 840.3,

also in very clear Italian rabbinical script, has the

Sefer ha-Mishkal
i.e.

and.

the Sodoth on folios

20v - 170v,

100 pages of text.

The last folio 170v contains also

a fragment of Joseph Oikatilla, immediately following the

text of the Sefer ha-Mishkal

in many of the manuscripts.
of the appendix vide infra .

as happens to be the case

Concerning the authorship

All forementioned Paris.,

manuscripts are in microfilm at the Brandeis library.

The manuscripts in Oxford and Cambridge. England
The Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the

Bodleian Library by A. Neubauer

15)

lists a copy of the

The text comprises'

Sefer ha-Mishkal in codex 1630.2.

folios 89v - 131r, or 83 pages.
in Greek rabbinical characters.
to as codex Huntington 41,

The manuscript is written

The codex is also referred

or codex Uri 371.

A microfilm

of this manuscript was too late available to me to be

consulted regularly for this thesis.

The manuscript

13

however was of value In confirming the text, presented here

at

duM bus

places.

Quoted as (hd)

A second copy, incomplete however, is contained in

codex 2222, known also as codex Reggio 22.
This copy of

the Sefer ha-Mishkal lacks the appendix of the So doth and

ends with the fifth part,

the treatise on the resurrection.

6)

The fragment counts 40 pages in Italian rabbinical

characters.
as
C"13
)

Not consulted for this thesis.

Referred to

The Cambridge University Library has a fragment of

the Sefer ha-Mishkal in codex U.L.C Ms Dd. 4.2.3.

"

The

folios are numbered

41

- 50,

but contains also two folios

that are not numbered (after .46 and f.49).

There is a
The text

hiatus before the last numbered folio, f.50.

comprises part one, two (with hiatus) and three (incomplete) of the Sefer ha-Mishkal .

The manuscript is

written in clear Spanish rabbinical script.

Quoted as

(P).
The Scaliger codex of Leyden The University Of Leyden, Holland, has a complete

copy of the Sefer- -ha-Mishkal with the appendix of the

So doth in codex Seal.
13.

5-6.

The copy has been

described by Steinschnelder in his catalogue of the Hebrew

manuscripts of Leyden.
-

18)

The text comprises folios I6r

44r

54 pages in Spanish rabbinical characters.

The

copist of the book is Daniel ben Salomo, known from the

14

colophon on f.46.

The manuscript was copied in 1467-8.

The copist writes frequently personal observations about the content of the book in the margin.
19)

A photostat of
Quoted as

this manuscript has been used for this thesis.

Co).
The Jerusalem fragment
In the catalogue of Hebrew manuscripts of the Kabbalah

by

G.

Scholem, item

1 1

in codex 24 (=266 of the University

library) is described as a fragment of the Sefer ha-

Nefesh ha-Kalchamah

it is only 8 pages long.

It is
.

written in oriental rabbinical script and dates from the

seventeenth or beginning of the eighteenth century.
The

fragment ..contains certain So doth which appear only in the

text of the Basel edition
(

vide infra

These Sodoth do

not appear in the appendix of the Sefer ha-Mishkal in most

of the manuscripts that are consulted for this thesis and
do perhaps not belong to the ori ginal S ef er ha-Ml shkal
.

The Translations

s
'

A Latin translation of the Sefer ha-Mi shlcal is contained in codex

1.91

.of

the Vatican Library.

.

21)

The title

of the book is Anima Scientiae

The content is divided

in six parts and not as in most of the Hebrew manuscripts

in five parts with an appendix.

The manuscript occupies

folios 126v

- 208r.

In 1609 a C-erman Sod ha-Neschama appeared in Basel,

edited by the same Abba ben Salomo Bumsla who edited the

15

1608 Basel edition of the Sefer ha-Mlshkal

The Sod ha-'Neschama contains much

vide infra

from the Sefer

ha-Mishkal by Moses de Leon and R. Machir's Abkat Rokhel

in German.

.22)
'The

printed edition of Basel. 1608

An edition of the Sefer ha-Mishkal appeared in 1603

from the Hebrew printing press of Konrad ffaldkirch in
Basel.
The editor was R. Abba ben Salorno Bumsla.

The

book bears the title Ha-Nefesh ha-hakhamah and appears

with an introduction by the editor.

23)
'

In the introduction

the editor explains that the text is based on an old

manuscript which was partly deleted and blurred.

He is

aware of a disunity in -the content: and; of the fact that

the manuscript is not written by the same hand.

Ke disso-

ciates the appendix of the Sodoth from the Sefer ha-Kefesh

ha-hakhamah

but combines it with the Sodoth in the

-edition on account of similarity in content

.The editor,

states also that he tried to investigate the authorship

of the Sodoth but that he did not succeed and presents them therefore as of anonymous author except for the

fragmentary commentary on the Passover Haggadah which is

from Joseph Gikatilla
-.and

which- is inserted in the Sodoth

The manuscript showed a great disorder but the editor

confesses that he is only a "faithful transmitter from one

book to another"

though he chose the best from what he

found, i.e. was eclectic in his selection.

This accounts

16

perhaps for the parallel explanations in the commentary of

"the

So doth

which he might have found elsewhere in the

manuscript and inserted at their proper place among the

So doth as alternative interpretations.

The parallel

commentaries on certain Sodoth do not appear in any of the

manuscripts consulted for this thesis.

In addition to the

traditional series of Sodoth the Easel edition presents

a continuance of other Sodoth which appear only in the

Vatican manuscript (31) and the Jerusalem fragment

W)

24)
.

The Basel text is full of errors and omits a long passu

about the provenience of the soul of the Gentiles at the

end of part five,

evidently for fear of censorship.

Throughout the work, the word "Gentile" Cll)is .substituted for "unbeliever"
("1B1..3)....

The book has no pagination

but counts 126 pages of text, including the introduction

by the editor which is followed by an acrostic poem on the

Hebrew alphabet and by an index.

The index divides the

book in five parts, a treatise on the resurrection, and a

series of Sodoth
.

The treatise on the resurrection,

belonging to the fifth, part, appears in most manuscripts'

under a special heading and was often considered as an
independed treatise.
Jellinek supposed the manuscript

from which Abba ben Salomo Bumsla edited the 160S edition,
to be an autograph of Moses de Leon.

He does not present

sufficient reason for his view.

26)

Other partial editions of the text should be mentioned.

"

The Sefer ha-Mishkal (with exception of part two)

17
in Constantinople under the title of anonymous author.

appeared in

51 5
.

Sodoth Gedollm

A new edition of

this book in Venice (1607), attributes it to Abraham

Zaccuto" (1450-1.510)

and the new edition has

anew

title

added to the previous:

Katok la-Nefesh

27)
.

In the book

Abkat Rokhel

which plagiarized the second part of the

,

Sefer ha-Mishkal

we have another partial edition of Hoses

The warning

de Leon's book under the name of R. Machir.

which Moses de Leon writes in the introduction to the

Sef er ha-Mishkal "not to delete my name from this my

heritage" is not an idle one.

Conclusion

Summing up this survey we count 12 complete manuscripts of the Sefer ha-Mishkal

.

10 fragments among,

which

several large and important ones; one complete (though

faulty and unreliable) printed text; one compendium; one

Latin version; a partial German translation, and three

other works that contain large portions of the Sefer ha-

Mishkal under a different title and author.

'

In comparing the manuscripts, no close relationship

between any of them was discovered.

Each manuscript

seems to have its own peculiarities and mistakes.

An

attempt to establish a pedigree

of-

the manuscripts on basis

of similarities in mistakes failed.

However, it may be
(k*i)

said that some affinity shows up between

and CksJ
.the

and between (V),

0), and

3).

The affinity of

18

manuscripts does not

go far

enough to suppose them to be

directly dependent from one another.

(K), on basis of

Milch this critical text has been prepared, has an

affinity to
(

JS)

though also here both mss. have too

many idiosyncracies to be closely related.

19

Authorship
The problem of authorship of the Sefer ha-Mishkal

rises only in regards to the appendix of the So doth

There

is no doubt that Moses de Leon is the author of the first

five parts of the hook.

the author of the hook

Twice he introduces himself as

and he is. anxious to preserve

his prerogative as the author, for he implores the copist

not to omit his name from the work.

Parts of the book

have been plagiarized and appeared under a different name

(

vide supra

Two problems will have to be examined.

Is Moses de

Leon the author of the Sodoth ?

the Sefer ha-Kishkal ?

If so,

do they belong to

In the introduction to the Sefer ha-Mishkal

30)

Moses

de Leon announces that he will divide the book in five

parts and gives us a synopsis of the topics he will deal

with.

Nothing is mentioned about the Sodoth

Most of the

manuscripts continue after the :fifth part with the

kabbalistic interpretation of a series of commandments,
the so called Sodoth .

It is no wonder therefore that

several theories have been proposed to solve this con-

tradictionThe editor of the Basel edition of 1608 appended the

Sodoth to the Sefer ha-Mishkal because he found them

together in a same manuscript
and felt that they were
.

of similar content as the Sefer ha-Mishkal

He does not

20

believe that they .are of Moses de Leon, but considers

them to be of an anonymous author.
31)

In a similar way de

Rossi

considers them to be an anonymous addition to the

.

Sefer ha-Mishkal

The problem becomes even more intricated when one

finds the Sodoth ascribed to Joseph Gikatilla in some

manuscripts.

The Sodoth in (jq) are introduced:

.

"The

part on the Fringes and Phylacteries.

.all from the

,,32l

writings of R. Joseph Gikatilla of blessed memory."

Though this is a very clear attribution of the Sodoth to

Gikatilla, all the other manuscripts that have "Gikatilla"
in their title mention this name quite out of context.

The manuscripts

3~l),

3K)

and

(XO

have at the

beginning of this section of Sodoth a short synopsis of

the mysteries to be dealt
the two verses of
I

with, the last of them being

Chronicles 4, 22-23 starting with the

word

"

we-Yokim "

This key-word is then immediately follow-

ed by the name "Gikatilla", not mentioning him explicitly

as author.

In manuscript

>

this word was already

completely misunderstood and here we read the even more

cryptic
(

"

katilah "

Aissemanus in describing codex 283

21)

attributes the Sodoth to Crikatilla, apparently on

-

no other evidence than the word "Gikatilla" at the end of

the inventory of Sodoth in the title.
33)

Joseph Gikatilla

(1248-1305) and Moses de Leon (1-250-1305) were contemporaries

and kabbalists,

close in kin spiritually.

They exercize-d
34)

a mutual influence on each other's writings.

Both

21

wrote on the mysteries of the commandments and a confusion

of authorship is thus very obvious.

Steinschneider comments upon the name Gikatilla in

the title of the So do th as being an erroneous attribution of this part to Gikatilla.

Without explaining his further

reasons for

doin.e:

so,

he considers the So doth as being of

Moses de Leon.

He considers on the other hand the part

of the So do th as an independent work, wrongly combined

with the Sefer ha-Mishkal .

'

In his opinion the fusion

of the two is merely a result of carelessness.

.

Jellinek considers the Sodoth to be both of Moses de

.

Leon and a part of the Sefer ha-Mi shlcal

He considers

the double title Sefer ha-Nef esh ha-Hakhamah and Sefer

ha-Mishkal respectively' to refer to the first five parts

and to the Sodoth.

This view seems unacceptable, as

However, the point

already Steinschneider has shown."

seems well made that the kabbalistic psychology in the

five first parts is an introduction to the practical life

of Kabbalah in observing the commandments, the content of
the Sodoth.

They are not only "clumsily connected" in

the same codex (Steinschneider), but show an inner

connection and unity.

50) ;

Jellinek is of the opinion that

some confusion may have entered because Sodoth by Joseph

Gikatilla were later added to the original series of

Moses de Leon.

The Basel text could therefore be a

mixture of both authors and this would explain the

additional and alternative mysteries on the commandments

22

which appear in the Basel edition and in the manuscript

(

Hi).

Jellinek goes even further in suggesting that

of.

this addition of So doth might be the work

R.

Jacob,
.

the disciple to whom Moses de Leon dedicates the Sef er

ha-Mi shkal

the same disciple which he considers to be

.

the author of the book Abkat Rokhel

where a large part of

40)

the Sefer ha-Mi shkal has been plagiarized.

Before entering further into the question of Moses

de Leon's authorship of the Sodoth it may be well to

suggest an explanation for the "clumsiness and confusion"

by which the name Gikatilla has slipped into the title

of the Sodoth in some" manuscripts.

scripts present the mystery of
"

Most of the manu.

we-Yokim "

immediately
Often

followed by the Sod Batsheba

which is of Gikatilla.

it continues the text on the same page where the Sod we-

Yokim leaves off.

41

In inserting a little synopsis of the

Sodoth at the beginning of the appendix as is the case in

the mss.
(

3"!

3X

,3ft ),

the scribe could easily have

copied the heading of the mystery of Batsheba because it

bears in its inscription "Gikatilla" (cf . X

)..

This

error was repeated by later copists till it became unintelligible.

The reasons for Moses de Leon's authorship of the

Sodoth are many.

There is a perfect unity in style.

It-

does not take long to notice Moses de Leon's peculiar

style, his use of grammar and his own usage of words, which
2 is so different from that of Gikatilla.^"
'

All the

23

characteristics
in the So doth .

of.

Moses de Leon's style are represented

Secondly, in the So doth the author refers

to books which he has written or intends to write and

which are books by Moses de Leon.

Such is

e.g; .

his

Sefer ha-Rimon (to which he refers in p.

21-22) and his Perush Koheleth (on p. k/13

3/33, line
,

line 12).

Thirdly there are ero^gref erences from the Sodoth to the

first five parts of the book, such as
a/t ,line 5-15, or

a/na
k/i
,

line

2 to

a/on

line 9 to

line 4.

The

strongest argument for Moses de Leon's authorship against

Gikatilla's, seems to me the theory on the origin and

function of the evil.

Both kabbalists who have a very

similar doctrine in other respects, disagree strongly on

this particular point.

In Moses de Leon's view the

evil,

serves a very positive function, and is a necessary element

in the cosmic process.

It "stings and it heals", it

In combination with the- good it

tempts and it protects.

is very valuable, as the shell "valuable around the nut,

to protect it,

and as the body is for the soul.

Detached

from the nut, the shell is worthless and looses its

function.

This is the theory of evil which we find in the

Sodoth and which could therefore hardly be from the hand ~ 43) All these arguments plead strongly in of Gikatilla.
'

favor of Moses de Leon's authorship of the Sodoth .

Let us now consider the question whether the Sodoth

do belong to the Sefer ha-Mlshkal . to the fact that manuscript
(K~l)

One might first point

calls the Sodoth the

24
44).

sixth part of the Sefer ha-Mishkal .

The latin translation

divides the Sefer ha-Mishkal also in six chapters, the

sixth being, the part of the Sodoth .

and
(

The manuscripts
,

>)

30

which contain the Sodoth

both are a complete

unit in itself and appear both as a single codex entitled

Sefer ha-Mishkal .
As we observed already, manuscript
(
)

has a colophon at the end of the Sodoth , including the

Sodoth as an integral part of the Sefer ha-Mishkal

Of more importance is the argument that in their

content the five earlier parts form a unity with the

appendix.

Every single mastery of the commandments is

Soul -

related to the kabbalistic doctrine of the soul.

Sefiroth- Commandments are a sort of trilogy of which

the soul occupies the key-position.
The soul provides

the understanding of the Sefiroth and the Commandments and the soul

brings the perfect balance between theory

The-

and practice.

book can therefore appropriately be

The cross-references
45)

called the Book of the Balance.

which we mentioned above could be multiplied

and in

reading the Sodoth one gets the impression that Moses de

Leon is still continuing his same exposition because he

is referring frequently to the earlier parts of his

exposition.

It remains a question, however, why the

author speaks only of five parts in the beginning and does

not mention that the division "according to the mystery
of the faith and the Torah in the light of the holy

Menorah (3/3,13)", will be followed by "the gate concerning

25

the foundation of religious practice and the basis of the

faith

k/i>,11)."

As an "appendix" is a separate unity, attached and

belonging to a book, we feel justified in calling the

Sodoth the "appendix" to the Sefer ha-Mishkal
.

26

The book and its content

The Sefer ha-Mishkal .was written in the year 5050
(=1290) in Guadalajara a Castilian town in Spain.
46)

hoses

de Leon had already written his Shushan Eduth (1286), his

Sefer ha-Rimon

(1

28?)

and his Or Zarua ,

To the_ latter

two he refers in his Sefer ha-Mishkal .

In 1290 Moses de

Leon is in the midst of his literary activity of his

Hebrew writings, being the period from 1286-1293.
47)

Moses de. Leon's Hebrew writings followed the composition

of the Midrash ha-Ieeiam;
( 1

275-1 280)

&& the Zohar (1280 =

1286) and was intended to spread the doctrine of the

Zohar through his Hebrew writings.

Of all these Hebrew

writings only little has been published, namely the

Basel edition of the Sefer ha-Mishkal (1608) and the

Shekel ha-Kodesh of 1293 which was published in London

(1911) by A..

Greenup.

48)

The similarity in doctrine between the Zohar and the

Sefer ha-Mishkal has been analyzed by Jellinek,

Gershom Scholem
50 ^
5 and R.J.Z. Werblowsky
.

49)

and need not

be repeated here.

The doctrine of man; of the soul; its

origin and fate; the angels in relation to man; the

eschatalogical theories eta, are identical in the Zohar
and in the Sefer ha-Mishkal .
The content of the book is the kabbalistic doctrine

of the soul as propaedeusis for under standing'the theosophy of the Sefiroth and as a preparation for the understanding

27

of the mitsvoth . which were an object that fascinated both

the philosophers and the kabbalists in the Middle Ages in

their respective writings on the Taame Mitsvoth .

-

The

Sefer ha-Mishkal reminds one sometimes of a Jewish Divlna

Comedia.
^^

It guides the reader through the compartments

of TTell~~and~ Paraai~se"andshoiTs-~the-faire of ailthe

different souls.

The central secret is always the mystery

of the sefirotic world. .Hell and Paradise on earth are

preparations, copies and emanations of the Sefiroth, and

thus aspects
of.

the Divinity.

The interrelation between,

,

the world below and the world above, the Sefiroth

is the

secret of kabbalistic wisdom.

This mystery cannot be

The Sefer

understood by philosophy, by human reason.

ha-Mi shkal has a very strong polemic undertone against

the philosophy and in particular against the influence of

aristotelianism in Judaism.

'

True understanding comes

only "by mouth of a sage who is wise in the mysteries

of THE wisdom
(

3 /K

6-8

"

The wisdom from the sages

"by mouth" is perhaps also a vindication of the oral

tradition against the Karaites.

'

Kabbalah was
in

delivered from master to disciple and not

teaching".

"public

This is perhaps the reason that Moses de

Leon "writes this book for the beloved friend, the

virtuous R. Jacob" (k/k,13)
(3/x,2-3).
,

"you Jacob which

love"

That Moses de Leon speaks over the head of

his disciple to a larger audience is clear from all his

28

warnings to

the'

"

bene ha-dor ".

He writes with the intention

"that the children of man will learn not to stumble any-

more" b/3, 18)

The book makes the impression of having, been, written

in a hurry,

ill the grammatical mistakes, such as care-

lessness- in -the-use--o-f~f eminine nouns with masculine

adjectives and vice versa

wrong plural endings, the use

of plene and defective script without any consistency,

cannot be blamed all on copists.

b<2.-.s:eA:S

In fact Moses de Leon

in the beginning not to seek beauty or poetry

He has written this book "in haste" and

in this work.

"avoiding to speak in verses fitting only for courtiers"

(K/a, 10).

He even apologizes if he might have slipped

inadvertently into poetry "because the things came

naturally to me!" (ib.

).

The major themes to which Moses de Leon comes back

again and again are the mystery of man as the microcosmos

and as the image of God;
"the

Tree of Life from which

the souls come and to which they return; and the Tree of

Knowledge of good and evil, the' two sides which together

form one unity.
Above and below, left and right, all
The

the extremes meet in man and are united in him.

extremes are sanctified in him by living from the mystery

of unity which is contained in the understanding of the

Sefiroth

The Sefiroth unite above and below, right and

left, by the power of the Name, the Holy One Blessed Be

He, as the source of dynamic unity.

29

Moses de Leon refers to his "masters".

the '"wise of blessed memory":
(

They are

the "sages of the Mishnah"

k/3',9), and "the masters of the names" (*/30,10; 3/K3 ,14)

which refers to the Kabbalists who derived their theories

from speculations on the letters of the Divine Names.
He

frequently speaks about the "wise of the times of old",

expressing the conviction that Kabbalah was of old and

hoary tradition.
In his work he refers to treatises of

the Talmud > to Midrashim, or sometimes to the Midrashot

ha-penimiyim
"

the "mystical lore".

Finally, to the
-

Sitre To rah "

(perhaps the Zohar?) and to his own

(Hebrew) writings.
The name of the book Sefer ha-Mlshkal
.

the Book of

the Balance

is a pun on the Hebrew root sh-k-1 as it

appears also in his book Shekel ha-Kodesh .

One could say

perhaps that the Shekel represented the "Intellectus"

in kabbalistic sense, i.e. the. Sefiroth, whereas the

Mishkal refers to the

"

Intelligens " i.e. the Keshamah,

The subtitle of the book

or the "highest sovl1."'

dd1

which was the title looses de Leon had designed first to

be the maintitle (cf . k/3,4-6)
,

is Sefer ha-N efesh ha.

Hakhamah

The Book of the Wise Soul

the.

This subtitle is

again a reference to
Neshamah.
read as
hokhmafe)
"

highest soul of man, the

The title was misunderstood sometimes and

The Book of the Soul of isdom.

56)

"

Nefesh ha-

30

For a further analysis

.of the.

content we refer here

to the BngLisn Summary of the. Sefer ha-Mishkal , which

constitutes the third part of this thesis.

PART
II

TEXT

*?

53

a n

iso
is.d

fia:im.93n

i3>3n>

310

D8?

]- nea

33

(59.60 naK'onaoK) (528 tkp'di)

(283
TKP'tsn)

2U^2

(726 cpaix>n n"js>on) (840 naix>n irnson)

(341

na'nam nai^an

>ff

rmson)

34
[k/k n]
>?<9n 190.1

1B.31B DV 13 HWa laX M > T '1190 T"IX*^ 01133 033n> 1S3 tllKCI 'n>an nsn pman [>3in] pna i'n>i nyiVvnasnn mx>93 n"a' xnsn mi3y> inpircm >mn 1*39 nx<&3i "i*>y.5 T3 >y op>m oyn cs'sy noa inn man isnV > noa opVna mns Ti> 13 nnn tznpn >pa na'39 i>an >3n3 nayV >ain io> nnn> 1X3 opix -'"Viyw iiT nasnn iy?3 033nVi o33yi oym oTai3 jit. ii3n ni3n id >y 13.10 1903 ]y >s> nsaxs ni33 x*3a 3xi camo v n >n3a 'a7nna'-'^!>3>-j!^3-si^fi p^nyanv-nT *i nna >>>3 lansn i3nV vman '3x '3 it >3i ]ya> s w w spy nog nyiVi nxi> myi 13 nw >x is xnpn 13 Vyi n* xnsn nyi.15 TI313 f'XI OIK 33 myi 1KW3 nT I'S '3 HUT o"nn npaa >3.i nn'ff x>x nym laix dV nasnn i333 .3'sro*i D'axna oi3in >3 93n 190 190n Off 'nXlpW 9"yK1 03XW3 93n '3"3y Vy isina xino 39a na3nn.20 nTn igon >3x n>nn3 n09ai n'timoa 'nxip n?an> inp>m >ps?an t 30 >yi on3i3na >y o'i3in [i'n] Tyo> o*p>n nsinsn nabnn noa i3ii i3i >o onaisn nenipn nnnn '3ii *93 nania a03 na>.25

'l'T 'H1K13

na

"i

5 '

no .>pwan 190 (a) \i no ."pan ia nnxx inx narcsn no ^a'l no .imp>nai fiy .xsn o>iyn no .l'tinvi l'oswnl oa'na no .<n*v3isn m93n .msa iay3 "px o'ligon ia no .n'X'xn no ,nnan n'nn no 3n33 na> .nx'Vni oi3 no .T3oyn cx>3 ,3io om n3<zm no
.nTn o>iy* 93n

nm no

.naeni

mn

tmxoi'an "i3ff

W93

;.:. c73xi D'pi'i pi09 um9 .'ay9 *a 3>n3 lera nox nuns ,(xi)|tixVi (k9).2 ,o'yo3 3i*i oixi*n nan piogi n3Ti3 '3x Cp)|TiK'> U).|tik> '" (o),(3a),(xa)|nx'> iya (39) .3 ,mxi3 in isnan naipn (3)|>"t tix> i 3io nw 13 nwa pina (a.)|3i poaMn).4 ,tnx>93 noa (o)|mx>93 *no3 (xa) |o3"3yn no3 (a;. 6 ,3in pna (x9),(xi) [wain pno (p)|ain iyn nr (p).9 .nayV >3wn iya> (a). 8 .i3n> n*xi 13 >y (3) law nx...ipnyam nTn (kb).12' .n3iaxi ni33 (p).11 .*> ...I3nn >x mix ni3n (xi).13 .*a nx. ..ipnyam (39>|n>ma (x9).14 .nnan >y3 (a)|nnan V>3 .15 .xnsn myi noa 'asnn 39a (xs).20 .nyin laix 9 S3 (o).17 .13 ny x> (sa) .nwans mix np>m (3),(3a),(xi)|>pwa 190 (xi).22 .xm 39a naann (a). 24 ,on3i3n >y o*3H3a o'isin (o)|nn TyaV (x).23 .nnnn i3i '93 (X9;.2$ .na> nsnsw ias

nm

:mnpa
i,x :>x3i .7 3,np :o'Vnn .8

35

T31 >3 X>X H13TX >3 0'P>niB DH D'?>nm.1 apy nnyi i3a-y >yi tssk Vy *mi '3-n '3 T'anVi nyi> *i> Tnsnx lew d'o39 ni3n3i d3Tt on m'a'sgnmasnn ony-r>i nawn> >i3 dik >3 rxw opiayi.5 nasnn 1103 asm 7133 v*x*?bb rn>i? inyia nanoai na-naV nmao 'n>iT 033> i> 7xi Tai n3i3'nn >x i>y> oVi>3i n>nns nsop niTra> namaa 731 n>n >x n3i3nn nni mvi oT373 nwyn is "i> tb nnyi. 10 ny-rn nans 9> iVxn Dn3tn tk '3 insna

n'nnioi nm?>no no3 n>nn wssn 3*3y nasnn Vprca 1103 o>i3 nmnnai nnpl?ai
nai

3 '3981 D*>03 H3KT H3K 17ya H>3> D>1p.15 n>nn3 -pnx na39 ~|Van >3'n3 033n> xsn otx nyi>i it?93 ny*r> 19113 s'n ira 93n osb?o

D33> >3in inn mai nogwai n3"3y 1X nX"113 JiaillD n'nifiD 3 3"B'39 D'33y3 tlK '93 '3T3 pi OS >y >" T 'DISK 1*3*3 nXT3.20 **' ni'H3 73 >yi 13 HKT3 n3XW B793H K3D levanri T3 owa n3'3yi rcgsn n>ya yri oTxn ino> 10T1 nsiVan '33y *ri03 13> i3iyn naxs myo^i ia?s3 D9ffa3 73i3> inr'i iaxy k nyr> 7 31 npiitsi e'9vaa'.25
.

nmx

'

ni3'HK (p),(a),(39),(K9)|ni3'nK k>3 (3).(o),(>),(3a),(xa).1 D3n (x-i).6 .>'3um>i ny-r> (s) ,(p),(o),(a),(xa),(K9).3 .ai3i (x9),(xi).8 .nasnn nmoa (p) (d),(>),(x9),(xi) |7i33i .12 .79 iKa i93 nxnaffi -|> narcn nnyi (3). 10 ,i>y on>i>3i .14 .n*mp>na nos nson 3"3y (x-i).13 .73 >sn (p),(3s)iCxs) 'n>3> o*3>mw (p)|nya >3> (aa).15 .nasnn nmon >pa (V) (39),(k9),(kt).17 ."l>an nxn3 (xn)|x3n cnxn (3). 16 .nya* nx nytVi (a).(>) ,(xa),(x9).(xi) i93 nx ny?> .09K?an .o33n> >3T (3),(p),(:)hnn nrai (3)|p>nn mai (a). 18 .19 93 (>),(xs),(<*i)|D"a39n o3"3y3 (>),(xi) on i?93n '3 (p)|n'm*riD3 o"a*39n o3"3y3 (o)|xni3n nams |73 oa nn>yai 1093 nx yii' (a). 22 .nxni3 naana x'n 93n (3),(d),(3s),(ks)(xt)23 .W9n* 7'3* (o)(c793n m>ya (p),(>) ,iaxy nno> nnt'i (p)|n3i>an 3"3y nmo3 i3iyT
s

nmo

nmx nmo

x' 9 ns :*>07a .2 as, t> ;n>,n3 :maw .14

una

13,3 jnan T3ia3

n>,x,ip ;3-x,ap :o>nn .20 n,T :nsn xnp'i j k/ ni3T3 x,ap :o*Vnn i,o sny .24-25

36

[x/3 IT] nnxx *inx 93n i>n nsxi mx \iao* T>f ni.1 o33yn >3 'a n"y3 ens3 nx 'S3 n>nna ny*r> 'iwsvfflipn cn>oa aamas m>y> *T3 i3i*y"i os>i .H3i3n p'S' otxi naan xsa otx "ISO Vpivo DSi?i9 13 n'H' m>3> 7j?$Qn.5 no^3n mmoi naann 93 tsd Kim nacyn nxr nxnaa msnsw s"yxi Dyim D*33y3 nn3 my> x>i nx>an dii *3aa pmnV nxy*n [n>yin] 0H3 t'k "iff* o*nxnn n33 on3i nl37i*a in> XCIXI "|13 H3133 H3T133 f'3y '9 >3T T> [xnx] DK1.10 mmix3 033n> mn yn> nViT my7 r >3x n3*303 r.nrrtHjpn-* am a i-i-i sa -jrssn n ss -s> >n a i *'oi 3> 3nyo o"rx> 'axs ii> nsya >xwx *ai in>nn ma* si nnsn tide? ' *x3i tib7> naya ic?x3 *3 mnt?x *3ip3 'nn *ix n>>>3 -primx b?s3.15 nx S3 3n3 >3n an'>a na> pix yix>T00B7a nn Txa n>-ra, *n>x ,n3> D3FI "190 nxxiai [nann] m>ya i3yi n2DTin o?&an man nman> ne?x n'naiam na3yi nxsiai mnosi nai>y nn>ya 3 >y ixra x>i ie?p3i ix>.20 mn nwx D3ianpn oasnn mViT maioai rnaio n>3p i>3p *i<z?k omxi 3T>y n>ya3 -ina mo T3i 3o nrn b>iy> nxTn vain >sxn "lian "pm noasns n>ym nai Toys n^ann ina> *wx nnno nso iKm3m.25

mana

'

mi

mm

mmo

mmn

nmm

(o)lonn o3'3yn (xi).2 .man ib nnxx nnx -|>n ws3n (o).1 |iaijn DwnVi (>)|i3iyT oiw> (o),(3d).3 .nVxn D3"3yn m>y> (a)|enpn m>oa3 mV>y> (a>,(o), (y;,(aa) ,(39),(x9),(xi) jnasnn wssn xim (X9),(xi).6 .Vpcra oswa (3). 5 .ui?n nijyaa ,(xa),(39)|ni3'nx> (p).9 .nasnn nmoi (>),(3a),(as),(xs) (x).10 .ny>m (x)|n>ym nns nx (xn)|o'Tonn 'ros (o).(aa) ,na'n33 73yn its nyT* nn*x (p)|tt'> xnx xi (o)jnn'K (3). 16 .dtx>i (xs)|n>xwx (3). 13 .nVspn i"\i (a),(o),(>).12 n>ya i'3yi (p)|nann (x).18 .TraV pix ,(3a).20 .nann i>3p iwx (>).22 ,nai>y n>ya (xT)jiwp3'i ixV (xn)jix>3 (p) (o)(nimn m>3p (a)|n*imn n>ya l3y mo (xt).23 .3'oa (o),(xa) |inm (>).25 .^las nossns (o).24 .ssn mn nna> nan> n>yn iwx nsy3 (a)|Tsy3 n>3ti* (3) ,(p),(3a) \1av2 n>3'

nmo

mmn

,ny>im

37

[3/3 11}
T3i na*rx nn nx enn nail nyVm i303i.1 "pan to nnxan nssn inx ne?3iyi nar lie T3 *"nx mans oipa n*xi -|>n nsxi xn a/i 731 Tni3i3m i33yi imp>nai i"tv ia 731 n^nam nnta&n xn nai arc nisn D3H.5

oxi

no

mwssn mn> vmur Toswal osn'a tio >iyn no 731 inwjn 'S3 ow ni3i-r3 mxoinn o>iy >"t o*3ia7pn casnn imxipiz/ inai xsn epan mix dxi i3*3yi cnan ci"nn tio 731 X3n 3iH?r x'nn S3n dxi nsya nysn' e?ao.10 n'sityi xsn o>iyn nmsa msm n3iwxn33 i>x
(gx n?n pan Vx -3iffn oki n?m>yai nins> oipa ht x>n n>nri3 -1^x3 0 -na> naac? i3n>x> xin ttt xVn iiaiV Dson o>3on on's o'Tstn >yi imT3 oy xin pna x>n 133 pntf>.15 3x] 'nn nx 'nm?i 33m cny3 tiidt iffx n>xn [;ix> Tya 310 oa nxn3/ D'wom o3>x 'n n33 nTn nson 'tnani oix 33 i^3 x> ]ya> [mxan >ktki] ny3 o>iy nnaKa 3 'nxxai nrm nwp3i nVxn D'n373 nsinai m'inn >3 ixxa3 inim n n 3 *isn mxsa.20 rioa o>3 o3"3yn >3 *3i ni'n ysnx mai on onmoi o'-mon >3i D3i33i o33ia minn naon np>n 73 Vyi n3s nsy >k -ixn> n'Jisx&a mi3an 39 >ia minni mn nno p>n3 nm .mmon.25 ]i2ftnn pVrm T3y3 xm

lat aa

"

T3 na;a

.2 .nanxn nn (3),(o) |nyVm mo3i (3)|ny>m nnosi (3a).1 (o)3 e *i3i 6,3 S 2,5,4,1 :xin n?n Tn 3033 D'oswan no (ks) nmsan xin nai Tiy msn 93n 0x1 (a). 5 .nsenai naipa nx nixoinn (xs).7 .D3na 1103 (p.). 6 .nmsan xn dxi (3) nVnan onan nnn (a).9 .ocreun '13 (o),(a),(xa),(3s) ,(k9> msins (kt).11 .nsya ny3 (p),(o) ,(a)j(Ka),(Ko),(xT).10 .1*3*3*1 n3in s oino>i (a). 13-14 .>k 3iwm nm>yai (o).12 ,n>x .o'>3wn ons (x9),(xn).14 .oT3in i>x >y opne?an o>3on ipw isnsT (p).16 .13 pn> (p),(xs),(xt).15 *3x] (x)|nsn (p),(39)lnTn nson 'nsnsi (xn).17 .ion [*i3i ison *n33i3i .mx> (>)|nai3i (>)|n3ii3i (a),(o).(a) 9 '(aa) 9 (K&; Inrn .21 ,'n imx'sa (o).20 .rnnn Vxti (>)|mxn Vxtxi (x;.18 minn noo (3>,(>),(39),(x9).22 ,o'3"3yn >3 pi (>) .23-24 .n39 T3X >X (3)|n319S3 (X9).23 .0*3103 (p)|0'3133 nno p>ns nsn (3)|p>n3 ntn nson (0) mn

'mn

o,na :n'yw .1 a,n :nans .16 a,n :n3"ra3 .24

38

[x/a

[n'nmnai nnp>ai] n'tinios mno3i nai>y xn

n>ya
naz3

T'3 *3 n>nsi3

'mmynns? iaa
n>3K?n san

#s?3n.1

nxnpsi >3 >y n>ma nrcxa S3 n> ixnp omoi>9n 3 osaxi n"a [vns3]5 '3 naxn Tn ipnnm x> d*3s >a >y ny3ffn nawan xn m>3e?n wds n>yaar ona > m t *T3*i *ns >y >yisn ^awn mxa nswas xni? Van mx >x oya oya on D'an? onyi nazm s> o3s >a am [noai] naxn nni >y >3X naxn ttt.10 n"y3 i3n >a '93 ansa mi tin 03 33 > 33 >3Pi ona xmpri yiT iya> En"3] D33yn mx'33 033n> nana nnx namaai onon mamas m>y> mx>93 oinss i3XT i3n>K *"i naann TIK3 11X> n3T31 1mnmX3 n3>31 l'3no 13TI.15 a33y nwV> p>na E>33n no o'^nn [op>ma] oxn3w s"yxi omtnss onnna ?33 inx i>3yV inx no am ddisb pi>n3 n>ya ># mns n>x n&>>e na3i nn 3n n>B?n 7a ona >>33 Dixm.20 D'sion^'sm p'i'pn oia? *>a inx no >an 3 nsaxi 1333 >3 omaeo omx ixnpr mania 'aa s3n i3y ip>n manan was nnanxn S3 n33yi nnoa nnx >3K fna nnxa i3y >3 ip>m m>30n S3 noa x>.25 D**nn yy -pi p>n3

nnnn 3m noa

m] in

'maxn Vacn mac? nxw

mno

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nnp>ai] (k).2 .mmynn nwxa (a),(>)| max ncxa wssn (a).1 >3 >y (xn).4 ,nn^ na?3 (p)|2x na&o (x).3 .non [nmnnai (3)f(p)(o)(^)7 .wnsx (x;,5 .cn'axn o*>a7 maw nx nmoai (x;.10 .>ynsn Vswa nav&n >3 mx (xn).8 .c7S3n n>ya |o>nx3n onn (xn).16 .13 xmpn (p)lnon [n M 3] (x).12 .*3m .19 .inx no xim (p).18 .opVina (x).17 .op>n nv>v> -(a) >a? m'n'm on n>x (a) 9 (o)ln.>ya >s-dim on (a)lna?3i (>) nw>wn (3)|on3 >>33 (p)|ona >>33 inxm (xs;,(xn).20 .n>ya e>? no3 (o),(xn)|nw>c nos 93n no ip>n (3).22 .iaa3 xnn nnnoa >3x (a). 24-25 .nno so (p)|nnx (o),(>).23 .mania Cxn),25 .nnnn no -pis Vsx (3)|o'nn yv im P>ns nnnn no |mno 'Dm no3 >3X (3),(p),(o),(V),(3a),(Ka),(3)),(x9) .o'nn yv inn p>n3 (sa)

mm

a/nx-x/nx :o

>,a> :anx ; a, 3 :nyo" .15 a/ns-x/nx :*a n.nT .18-19 ;

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:nB?xn3

.25

39

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40
[X/T TT] n'T3 'in mVw nany -|nn K-H31.1 one; [n"i&y m'3t'] npy oniff ?yi mxn iiaa inn*- o'3i>y o'T3"73 >3'n3 D'0333i on D'>iy D'nain n'a'jsn naann o3iD3 th own D'3in -nasn xosa n>ya>i na3s i>an >yvrn K03 >y' iniiana >y laiy xosn on303i.5 'Tx inxs oitoni innm mxn tn'nnsi in3>aa >3 innnK3i m>ya3 inx Kin tt3> *n asm '3 xxan drxi on *ix S3 annnxs yau?3 >ipm "new dib; nwy ni'X' nx'ns mo '3 osaxi omin mna n3'3y3 o'pVma am -mx mqs Dmna onwVw.lO 7'3y >y n>iy nvx' '3 nvx' moa lop Kin nx*i3 aa-B>33 x'ni-a>-3- n n!>>n ten n"g?y nx'i3n wasn 1133 o'rnaia on on:nni n'avai Kin B?D3 nTa n>ya> nT D>iy dT3T on na3 ws3n moa n>ya> n>iy nnn '3 nn moa lop. 15 ia3 o>i3 nx n>>i3i o>3 >y n>iy DVi3 o>>i3ff nasnn noi o'3'3yn mx33 0333 '33m mn v n'a'3sn npin 7*rya xxt *in3i T3nVi nyi> i> w *i3i lan nx cnpvn> K-ipan mos irox m'a'33nma3rin '3m '3.20 x'n iffx n3T>yn nasnn noa nni i*m>y o'a3 n'nisa nu'wn n'9in >3 '3'oa na> nmoa n33V nsan'o opiayn '3'ya3 o'prnn n> npcii n'T3i on>7 nm:a nam n'TX '3a >y o'^'3an >3 n3'3i D'>'nsm namnn.25

mm

mmsn

(3),(o),(>),(kb),(ki).2 .nvx' n"'w (x).1 .7 .D'3133 t.ti o'3in (p),(o)|a'33in (>).4 .ip* ^ "J n>yn xin '3 (3s)|di x>d inVyas -rni'a inx ftn (3a).(xs; ,Cx-i; mx Tina? ma? (3). 8 .Trn>ya3 -rnyai vn' (p),(o) ,(xa) j-mi'a (p),(o).9 .Vipni pn ri3 D'V>33 (o).12 ,o'p>ina (o).10 -.n*wyi .wssn moa n>va> (xs).14 .o'mniai ns o'V>33 o'ns-m (x-0.13 ,(xa)|o333 nsn nnyi (xs)]'no333 nsn nnyi (xn)|'no333i (p).17 (3a),(xa),(xs),(x-i).19 .0333 '33n venyi (3).()|WW t ,U),O),(as),(xT).20 .nyi>i >'3m> (a)|>'3<zmm (3),(o),(>) ,(3i),(39),(x9),(xn)|m'>y D'as (xa).21 .mpan mos (3),(p) (a)lD'pTn (>),(xn).23 .o'un3 (p),(a).22 .nasnn nns Dm (p) '3a >y (p).24 .n33> (p),(xa),(3s),(xs)|n'-i333 n'l'JM (0) n3'3i (p).25 .n'nsi o'n>T nniai nam nnx '3a. >y.(a)|-KnK

( Id-tiki

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mx 1st

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41
nnoa y>on |>ian3] naion -pna y^ nwsa .D3aoni..1 dtki naan Ksa oik ib?k *s>l naiian mn insn *no a ny*t> t> nsian ps T3iVn 1 nn nxa ibk mKan ni>j?90xn 13> *iwk D'nn yy lain anas Kim. oa>sna iai ri n.iiw naw niKa an ia>nai nKna a*a >a 1>Kn Kim H37 D'wann n3B? is nsiaa nia Tioa -iyn 3ai iioa>K 'Visa ia?y o3wa >aaio Kin i?k iipy o'3w om [oT?s] oiiis er o3ioa>x >i3a.10 naaai [ia>] Kin i>*xn *jia i>oa oBnp on >Kn*i Kim "nan ipy King mKa nTwrn Pin >aa naan [niK>s] ni3na a>i>i a>i>a noa an3 ok ma> 'arc noiw.mix ana >yi D'nn yy 73yn v.iiaa 3K *aK3 lion nr.15 Kxaa its 3ao im n M 3j?n > ii9 inar t^3 mown, hirms ilioa nnK Va niKx orcai i3Ty Ta- "Pna ni3in3 p>yn t*33" n>y "no fi*a"T no sa nnKi o^iy> pois i3K -mam nt noa umnni >Kim >y nnaiy ma^am i3030 'ms: mis Kin ta-ni.20 tfssn fio >y TiiynnVi nyn> i> w inaian nasam nnnv nitfaina sjniws na K*n (tfSln mVaion mson >aai ois i^mao 3*3y >aa "pan na Vaa n?n o>iyn mrcanns iai? >aa "pan dk Kn 93n it >yi *nan oip mti *nan -pox'. 25
|>/7

tO-

mo

'3030 iins (Ka)|ion [*ian3] (k).1 nys i^k (3),(o)|nm>S3 nK (p).4 .y>on 3oao nin3 (o)|y>on 3a >a (o). 7 .T'aiana iai (3). 6 .mvn nn (3a)|7Bm nn |3>i>3 -roia (ks)).13 .ion [ia>] (k).11 .epaiaa (k).10 .n^Kns (p),(o),(>)(3).17 .mmis lamai Ci?).16 .ion [niK>a] (k) n>ya tioi iim (o)ji33n no nVya (a),(Ks).18 .la 1103 .mac/am wsa m33 mis Cp).20 ."pasn ny*r* 1x3a Co). 21 (3)|mann ^in'ga na Co). 22 .gsan tio Kin na -niynn>i nova Cs).25 ,iai*p >aa C?)f(an)i(39),(Ks).24 .niaon >ai Co).23 .nt >yi Co),(Ks>)l Bl'un itd*

nama una (3a)jo*y>on

T,a :nnwn
3m maK
;

nr

1,2a

mans

i,3 :ywin .1 ; a,a :>wa .2-3 o,7 :ywm .5 :a>em ; t-i,io ;nan nWKT3 .7 op,aa :ina .11 :TTian ,i>n i>,3 ia,a :nB7KT3 .14 o,"T :ywin .15 a :Tips Kainan .17
;

To,oa :nai

mm*

42
[K/n tt] Din 3 'toks "pan nivmna Din naa maia.l D3Ej-iots3> 5337 nK "JK 1ff333 TOT ff93n Kin na Kin min |im dt? ns Kin nt no oViy> o>*pan no3 n>iT] <i/93n oi>p3 'a "paa opnn> ff33n ok nnn r^ssn naa o**pna oixn nnn naoai awisn min T3ya man nao xin >tx ffsan px nnn ysanai xnn.5 nnn 3 paa o"pnn> n>ia ff33n i*x 'a npaa xin nffx n*axn >an vsy Kin nnain Tiaa -psffV Ka naanm >awn iyaai axns i>nan> n"a Kiian mi3y> >an o*>p> liaa -iV w ff* oiKnff s"yK 'a ny-r>.iq nffy o*n>x dVxd naxs on>x mnynn nffx oai^ o-rxn nx o>33 Va >y ?3 ynt niK tt&s- rm Ensn*xna3 tk >a >y n>n0K~~rr3T>y noa >yi top a>iy Knps **s>i iasy *3sa n>"> Kin a inaK^iffK *Kn 'it n>xa k> on>K o>xa nmns DTKn 'a iki. iki, 15 Kn n o>xa Kin la o33 >a >y niKax D>xa k>i >-Tff o>xa k>i_ in i3'K a i3*K d mi'nai o*nVx o>xa [*n>iTj "pa in*a misi iia >i>3 off imnai onVx n>Hln>iT.J iffx x? n>Vn nV>n msian 7ffX3 "pa xm >xi *na Km 93i>atn *a >xi *biki i> isiyn man nai >x H'ain 'a niffKi yiaff> n>ia Knff naa i?iKn nK laffV 'ta ?3K nai. 20 >apan na noa Kin Vi>a >"i >i>a Kinff n? off naKff na a Kin o*n>x 'ixnn *sa ysff ia ini3 isoa ?nai imix >aai i'3'sy >aa "lniffa xin ffaa na>nn >a oaaxi na -rna o*3niffa marc [*3ff] n?X iniffa off npy *3ffn own ni'na n3 >3ior ns Kffi3 a'nsart offn Kim n3i33n nyipnn inn ffiffi Van. 25
.

cnn

no nam noa^

som

(o).1 >33 man (p)li'niffnna )ian oip np (as)|i'mffann Vaa iian :- *n>iT] (k).4 iian (o)|o"pa Kin nan^i'mffinn nnn nss nViT ffS3n hk (Ks)pon L t^t affi'n ff33n T3y3 naoai nnn nsa n>iT >nian dtp Tk *a D"pnn> (p)jnnn .i3ja .naoai Dff-nn ff33n (d).6 .ff33n ia nnn ysanai (p).5 D"pnnVi iian D"pnn> pan (p)|nan una (o).9 .nnn K>a 13 (p).16 .0*33 >a >y 'a (P).15 .o>xa 'a (o).IO rT" ^.^" >i>a (o)|iia ^Via m: (o).19 .n>'>ni on (o).17 .-rin'a (ki).20 .TTKn dk n3ff> .V3Kan ns (3)|naxff na (p)|i3-iaKff na (o)^(Ka).21 .22 .ia mi3i (p)!i3aa >ni (a)|i3aa >maa n3 inty >33i U) n-a >3io (p).24 .maff >nff (k).23 .Tmsi .m3 (P).25 .ni'ins
;

na o>iy> (ks).3 .niffanna oin naa

mma

Tan m3T3

.rmmm

mm

n-1,0 :nffKT3.2
i,s sn*a?KT3 .10 ('top D>iy) a :mp3 Kainsn ; 3X-kx,k> :in3 3ii nisx .13 a' :K3'py .t >ff n'3 "I^k.t j D3-T3 nop o>iy maK n,o :nyff .18 18 ~'!2 i ii ffipn >pwa H30 ; k/ SC1313 ; na,a :nyff :nyff' .25 na,33
'

43
[a/n.n]' n3son nx.1 xin Tixn *noa "p'Vyn ocm imnai nn'3s onp.n anp mos n33n navnan -no >y -no. iaya is Vyi rmn'on>y nna-iwK d>-otb> >ni Vy. n>yaa fi'Vyn own no Kin 13 iman Kin '3 xin iwx dims oixn ma naaa Vn my> na.> oipa ffK-jn oipa Kim naanm nyin mi wxn >xx onxn is mniw nwjc [i3ia] xini nVyn napnm ny-rn owvwnn ma Dy iwm Tiaaxs pa? nasnn T3y xm id xin [l'xa] t xVl I3in3 ninm n3i.?n.-ny ircx Van nwn x*m wxn xin iwx n*a>3sn m'inn >3 iiruia owa Tn3i3tia >yi l3sxi tnaian Vy T3)i31 m n >a> ipyi cms **" 3 mips ___tlio naan map 3 n3i>yn D'Txan b*D3yn ibwb'sp naaa iv& ,-mpan tiob *3 dsbxi minon rmaan *3S >ia >x pnai *asV n*vnp vnp Basn >3nn mx osn' cwTn.15 nr mx'sa ni'in moa ni'inn >3 nixxi* a*3Bn-Vann i3n n n*i Tai3 nr nsp T'ay hhb3 ix3 innnx OVftN mx*33 i3"n [na>] -mnsi n"a oyia am mT d*3s >a ?y Tm^a xin n nT ow o>x3 xin >sn nx anaan >a'3sn npyn.20 *?K [ys3n] ow xin aw '3 mix3 man naan xim inaa y3am la* xin n *?K san ^la? nysan] misn r.aan Fman nnaoi nnsa yyisnan 3 *ni> dtp t*x dk?3 Kxan->an 13 >yi ht nT mx d'33 >3 Vy awn t3y naxn dxi D'n7K *nV3 ma> nyna >y mia.25 nun -|ina nmsnws '3] mixn D>X xin >-in isina [mixn i*xc?3i yyianai y3a xin

mxm

nam

mixn^^i

n>ya>a (|m >y naiaa .n>ya (k).4 .mxn yiqa (a)i(>);1 nVyaa (P.)Iim .7 .nT 17333 (o).5 .Tni3n '3 n (a)|nai33 (x)| n'Vyn wx-in (xs),(xi) i ma >y iwxn (o).8 .7313 xim (o).13 ,>3n n'ssn >3n xn (p).10 .xin 7** (x).9 .nyrm ,dwv (3),(p),(xs).16 ,>3nn iio lowsn* (>)-*I5 -J * 3 (m) .20-21 .Jiiin dv (x).20 .xin n '3 (3). 19 .na3 (x).18 3 01 .|ian (o).21 r 57 [ i3i nysanl (x).22 !^ /3 (p),(d),(xt;.23 .non '3l (x)hiyna (xs)*25 .a ti" xsan
13

^"

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44

isaa np>no3 *a >y 1's nna x>.1 noa ^ti 73y xm 'o3sn i*n >y *a D3axi n Kin *a -iij?n>i pipt^i Ty> e? 9 i mmri *nno ix iun ox oix pm man >y 'axn ox a ny>mi nan x>a ivn nnno nana xsn.5 *ox3 dip a>3 nT n>y* >xi *Vn *>n on>x o>at3 xmw '3M>n iB3i n *'na nmnn inoa 'axi nan xin nu/am nyn nx 333ion d'tii maaysi xin a3an '3 oixn xin a 3o*n 7*3y via>a an -warn i-iym np'yn xim nT d73 xnpsn.lO 'a3sn 3 mxn >y xin nViyn naom <zna>an rr?^^TmrigT^>rr-fnti gpitm otx xTj^a-nH-rrH -ja no [x>] nnx i3 >y nax i3y >y naxi a3sn sin muni -wan xin inn *a 'Kii nix xin. 15 in >a lo^an* nT -pi >yi onVx o'xnasn -rata ia ana mi na^an i^x on3a> nxaio ixa iwasn ? *a nxaio tsa T'a mno nx nowsn* o?ai mnon nin nsa T,e?aa nn i Dura n>iyn xin ana a'aam o>iyn nra cxnaan iwa iik? na?3 in >yi ffi3>a xin *nam Dn>x*20 ht aaai [b3 nViyn xin 'a*aam] -ircaa xin "iran 'a TTn a3sn xin Dixn iVyi on>x na naoa pan nT> yaan xim naxa noa oaa >a >y a ia>sa oixn nx on>x xnoi -inan roos nawan [naa] iwaa on>x am mawan mniis oe?o >a >y "nya xxi'n.25

nam

x'n

nmsn

mun

nam

,(xa).4 ,*a o>ixi *iai n (o).2 .iaaa npVnoawa ia va (o;.1 a>3 (D),(as),(x9).6-7 .nses xsin (?).5 .mixn ox (o),(>; .xin 'a T'y ena>a (o).9 .o>iya nan dtx a> *y (a)|a>iy3 nan (x).13 .wiaVan (,(3b),(icb),(kb).12 .oik >"i n? octo (i?).10 (xa).(xs).20 .10W9H' onai (o).18 .nn inawan (o).16 .non Lk>J (xa) (as),(xs).22 .ion [''isi *a'aam] (x).21 ,i3>an xin (aa) .24 .nxna'i (a).23 ."lian nT> yaa (a),(p),(o),(a),(>),(aa) .Das >a >y T*ry Cp).25 oon [nas] ()
~

x,a

smax

nacz

45
[a/i =n]

*p>n >3 D*pn tmpn Vawn n3t?an 3aa ia3 nt Vyi] 7>*xn nt naon i3 Kin man xxas tts nan nt a >y [xm ia T3t vnaa '3K maxv nai n*ya n>an x>ff prn oip nao xm iaaa ivaa-n.5 Tat man mna a Tarn oViy> n'Vawn ic?33 mnan niavan >a napss Tarn iiwai nap3i db vxai ia"p3 *pan nx ma"pnan iMrhK a iam iaipa "pan >a >apan na3n na nmoa tip. >3n.10 pga nxtpan ji ait an iTtg tnxai naina mys3 mawan tio nr nn'ixa i>i3i pt xaV nnxi nnx >a tin a*wn tx ty o>y3i a33 Dta*Kn i>K3 n>iys me?y>i ensVan nT3 3>nn* D'>am o>a> t'tat Kin taixn 3 ana nn^ys nixing i>x [I'txn] leftists >iys>i mffya> >a x2nnV iaix> Tat2i.15 man nTa B73*nn> nnViys mxtn> natx na?3n la <?aa naait x*n naenn ia >yi ] ntn o>iyn n>iys ia >iy3>i Txi nun n"3pn na ' nx '2733 '3t3 pi033 V'Ttx i'3y3 xn *)x antp n"apn na n*xt3 n3xi nun navan-ia nxt3 M nx n3T navan =ik oViyn nx it n apn na nviip ixsn V"t oaan 'axrc laa [i>i3 "pan oVxa a nnin> nt >a *i3i pan >a nato; navan nx n<?y on>x xtai nyt> >3in nt *ptai >y itaxw nan ia>23 otxn nx on>x.20 pay tio nnno nscs "pan nT ."pna 033n>i] o>iyn nTVnxm ssn mt >3wn>i nyt> t> w [d33 >a >y naaita xma naait xn nai>yn nawsn tio a nawsn ta aa i3'3a xn a axn ia T3n xti3 naait d>s cn>x o>x x*m xti3 naait T3a xn nai'Vyn D>X3 iian T'x a. Vaa *?f3jan nitn tatn 9 a n' xnan 25

3 03BX1 t33 *t3 HT 13yi >3aia tIB

Xim

mna

nrs

una

Kam

mun

(p),(o) t (3i).5 .ion ['iai nr >yi] (x).4 .nn3 pVn >3 (o).3 liwa* (o).7 .T3i3nm (p),(o),(a),(>) ,(xs).6 .o>iy> mVya .12 .tio >a (xb).11 .Tian >apan nae?an ns ti03 (xs).9 .t3Tn (3)|nnxi nnx tai>3 tin y*an (>)jtm yan (a),(3s),(xs) (x).17 .ton [nta:n] (x).15 .Taixn iaa. (kb)14 .tin nyans Dn>x (3)|ittn nrai otxn nx nwy (p).19 .non ['iai 73 >yi] [*iai D3an>i] (x)|o>iy3 nxrn (x9),(xt).21 .ittn nTai xm (o)|3nitn t3tn (p),(33),(xs).25 .nxtisV i"33 (o). 24 .ton .Vt3ian witpn t3tn
3" a

x,ap :o>nn tta

46

[k/t

=nan px iian mniKD.1 Km na3n Kn o*3s >3 >y] maan Kin ai ia>x nta n M 3j?n Km "pan ninoi nm>ya waa pn>x p>3e an Tniaoi i3'3y >3 oViyn nT3 nnnnsc? 39ai p>iyn ain> oViyn nta [mix >D3ra *n Kin i3*3n *|iam insa o>iyn oViya icw o^min >a Tian mixa an nrn xaan ij'kb? iai i> Txi pirn d'hVk o>3t3 [xn ntripn] nacan *s>i [o"tk3].5 iao nnK -\rno2 mi >3i i>3 o>iyn >3 mai Kin la3 *pam nKiis inx m>y> rueras naipan tip Kin p-rxn msVi p*39ian o'min ysoi ia?a nnx1 nn> p>3C3 xn [n3T>yn mixn >33 noai n>ya imx'xa] nm nn*ax n> -prcan> '73 on>x nT3 [imx'xa nnax naa xnw nenipn nat?3n iri3 maViyn nT3 Viys> T3 i3>an nT3 na3sm pViyn.10 nn'aK nswan 3 93> xiras *s>i mViys a>iyn ma>iyn >33 noai n>ya nnym nnix'xa mn aVam pixn >i3 nwnpn nawsn it naa n33i inystfm noa> nin p>iy>] oipa > i3io nswan iB7an> n>ya> [p>iyn >3 >y *9v |3 b*5s >3 >yi o>iyn 73 >y inysem H31.15 > 131D nyswn -pan>i noaV tkh> btk nawa nsy3 n>3n -iu?x "pan pki nrn a>iy3 aipa maa nawan otpsnni nam ana 3i,i naixn px p>iyn nT3 m'3 on3 inw iaT >s ]at inx> a>iyn n>ym >3i on3&? *n>3 p*pnn> >13 p>iyn.20 *pan nVyim mnax -ik?k 'S3 xxas it naoa 13101 i3io >3i na33 >n>iT i3'K aViys iai*p 'a' >3 i3 nn>3 mini psx m>iT i3ki Kin nnspa mixa iai'i? a >3 *pan] tiVnm uiok "tox mnsn nx >a o'p> nawsn [n>yim na33 n>iT 13'k p>iy3 nmn3 niKnn> 'ta'Kin "lian nta nP33n3.25

m]

nam

mn

*ai

ia>3*

man

xam

mm

(k).2 n"3pn ns' (p)|m*n7 p>iyn nTa n"3n i>03 ^nan (ks).3 ..o>iyn nTa ifnpn (K)|o>iy3 (k).5 .oViyn nr .9 . *i3i Kn nawam span p'tstV i3a 'nnx mi> (k).8 .Kin Kin yinsa wisVa Kin Tiam (39)|n?3 nmsna nm nn'ax (k) (k).14 .in>iy3 (o)|i'm>iy9 (3),(>).11 .nm o>iyn nia*r .16 .o39 >3 >y inyswn (p)'|iyBoni (>).15 .TPn ['iaxiofeiy*^ (nrn p>iy> (a),(>).(K9).17 .1310 nyown nswan iK7an> (xs; (3)| lam mix V3 (p),(>).19 .owsnm (a). 18 .nsya n>3' (p) 'nViT (p).22 ,o'pna o>iyn (kt).20 .tot mix iar nnK> (xn)|nas73n Tian] (s)|nmnn nxrc >3 (>).24 .i3ixa tipi ,ian [*i3i

nam

mam

mm

T3,3 :>wa .15 n,T :3ix .18

47

[3/T *P] a>iyn ma nm>iysi.1 sa n'fra> na'ix x'ni? '3sa] an3n> 'ia yawi na roin iai [i3nax -ia;x T3 yswi na toici o>iyn ht> nrmai "pan nnaphni [>9Q?n] oViyn m> mxn a'nanV nnrns mi' mn nnVyaa ncnn> noai n>ya Tipna noai n>ya noa n>i>a n3'x oxi T'nxn > 3n n>i>3.5 ht> *nn Q-nj? nys3 x'n na3n xxa3 na> n3'x na>3 oViyn nT2 xnrc3i [n3T>yn] nVyan o>iyn o>iyn nro [Kxniffzn] Tinnnn D>iyn nra n>>33i n>ya ><g o>iya riia>iyn Va ma'>3 na'> x'n xWna nma'^wa x'n naeran 'txi noa >/ o>iyai.-TO" nn'n nyni 'a o>iyn ht> nnc mip n>nna nn'n irnx >aa na>3 o>iyn ht> npmai nnu 0777 naffsn n>yin ja Vyn nmo>M x'n n>i>ai dikh law >ai T3ff >3.o>in nr> nrnna nma'Vcn n-nnai msa naaa n&va.n tt> >>iai i3ip> kth.15 aio >aa naOa? narcan '?xi q?21b o'B?ya naaai sa ncn&*>vi o!?iyn nr> ri-nV nnVyin x'n in 'sa nnn T>y nn3 nc?x V'awa Va> nTa *n ixin
'

K-sn

'3(0n p'Pnn

.-max

[ncwx inx] narcsn -no t'3?320 nnxxa n3'3y nan -j>n nsxi xn 'aV nyr> "pan fa hpx ena>n ht> n3m inan to npwonm o>iyn nTa '>ya ['3'ya] nrcp' naa 'a 1 ? yiti o^iyn nta ne?a> >"Tn 'ax na "poiV'sn naia o'poiyn '3'yan yaon T3y >y nmnn 10 nKi o'x'aai maipa naaa. 25
1

'3sa o>iyn htV (a)|-jon [*i3i '3sa] (x)|n>iyn ht> (xs).1 (x).3 .Tom o>iyn nr> nrmai lanax ne?x 'sa o>a> na-r3 (o)hpnm (aa)hpnm (p),(a),(xa),(a9),(x9) |-ion [Vswn] ,(xs)|n3T>y (k).? .T'ttxh i>k >aa (o).5 .n>ya Tipna npnm n>ya noo (Ka)|n3T>y n>ya tidq (as)|n3T>yn n>yan (aa) ,iaiD >aa (o).16 ,nmT3i (kt).12 .xanwai (k).8 .n3T>yn .22 .nnx 'nnx (xa),(as) Innxsa nwx (k).20 .ht> 'ir (o).18 '3'ya (aa)|'3'3ya (k).23 .laina novenni (o) ,(V),(aa) ,(ks) ,(K9)|D'9ionV'sn nata (xi).24 .yaon '3'ya (K-OJyaon >ya Drnai >a D'9ion>'sn (kt) D'9ioi>'sn (p),(Q),(aa),(xa),(a9) -rata .(3 x/n tt) 'ian n'a'ca tx '3 >y aix '3a
:.
.

mn

48

[x/n n] nnxx nnx 93n.1 ismin '33a o'3X e?'i mana 7X3 Dn'737 >3] '3 > DB101>'3n '7373 Tan cp'Tna DH l'x [o7x 33 nin '3 'aixi ans 7wx nswnan 737a im' I'a'e/a i3mm '737 Vs '3 D'sanm waa nax in xm inn [inu] nra mix x'sia nai ,aa imn imxa Kin. D3> *X 13G? X>1 D"nn [l^is] DX'Xia 1>X3 TITH 7'xi xin 310 oerx>n 7ax> n3i3n x>i nn x>i '33 1773 inaunai my7 3 maix nmx D'n axa, a Viyn '33 >3# ~03'737a 137 inaa Ta Y"w> ?y D'au? maaa.iC T3ny*r >am ix'ni 03m3wnoo 'niaamai x'm i3aa yin xmw 737 awn> istnavnai I3ny7 7xa na>n iswti n"a xnan navna inavna xn minn xVm oix 3a msn 7xai n naV 13 i3'x OKI [na>wr icurn] n apn >ff.15 [nxtn] minn Tn3S73 Tiann isD3 o oa nn yix *iv ynxi n'aw Tain> mVipm iVia Ty a? "im 013*1 nx7 om iod7x K>n 7si#n Vipi s'7's>m >3 nx 13> 7'a' mpa >33 o737an wx7 >1j?1 733;T3yii 0p731 01>ip X>3 7H>3 minfl '737.20 [ynKi Dao? cninnn x>3i tsib? inavna 'avn> Vai'w 'X7i 07X ts"'3 nV'Vn x>x n>3p3 Vap> ia imcVriva tiiin *.b>i *n >v inyn inawna xnw minn pits '737 D'yiT nViyn '33 >3 s"yxi n"3pn own 13 -ins xV nx733n >3 >v 137 nav.25 *n'i 'n'

mmm mx

mn

myn

(P),(>).3 .Tn [*131 >3] (x)|0'Q101>'Sn '737 >33 (xs).2 (a),(xs)|7on [mix] (x).4 .'73a 7ni' o'a'va .5 .naxn Vx iaff' (3)|o"nn ins (x).6 .omx x'anaw ai (xs) .D3> i3'ni3^nai I3ny7 ix'n 4 (3). 11-12 .ynxn >ya D'a (o).10 .minn i ? inscn (x)|7on [ i3i inyii] (x).15 .a'wn> n'Vi3' b]x (o),(x9)|D'atf ix ny7 (x7)|oawi ynx T'annV (p).16 >31 DP731 (X).20 .1903 D'a7 IKWa

o',7o :n'yw .7
n',0'

:maw

o,n3 :ny .10-11 7,n :d'091E7 .16 i,v>? :o'Vnn .17 ; n,3 :maw .18 to.o' :ma .20

49
[a/n en] na>w inyi nn*n x>i TP*t imoi nyi ion n'nw.1 *pxim inaanb maani ibo-ik nanaanno ryr> *n k>w na n>3?3 i>ap>i inyra i3aa i3*r Die? *'sk a?wnV >ia* Ktn Dipan-nyi xnw 3sa in>3 >33i inan3i.5 oin D'3nxnn lanaiiaK 33 imxi n"3 n^npn nmin'-naia o37n Dsnoi>9n T3i3 n37 ik nmnn *T3"t d'kit ik Tnn mix >y T3T> nsya onyr TaiKS D3enn > w t ''man [nsya k>3 nnJ k> }ya> n3*rn mis >y awn>i.10 Va DKi inaana ]iyi 5rrg^g^~K^i 9 ?, yx D3BKa 03K 033> D3'3 7"ltt> nSVB 1'3'aW D?nnK D'nsTo ik > w t *m3T T3fa nsin miKa nsax Toina [oax ikt k>w] ia n>iT nax on n>a nmnn >a a nyr> i3> wi oyn 3ya.l5 nwyai iiso div. na.Kxan k>i n"a mpan run K*n i>y.i>n o>iyn >as? Tat i3*K8? mina 73yi ian imK3 >>a3 oni9nn ow -no Kinw 'n't *n law noi Kin nwyam -nson rmni nwyan irnxsi mson own no nxT3 nwyan -nson imx3 own] i>y 'i 33,20 m'Vaam maanm naaiam tn>y&n.*noi [cmsan 3a >a awn> n>ai* k>w na [lama oxn3i i>y oi33] D'Tan >aa i>ski] isao Tan *sk "raixn >yai yson >sn> i>ay na>i [oViysw tins nix tana **sx T3i> utnin n3ia anpVi m*i>i nyswV >ax> mno nn ' *39> o*aan'V a D'aT pny Tmx n>i onac onai [noaa>i] p*ny noaaVi.25
:

mmn

.naaa (ks).4 .nmnn nai ens (kb).3 .o>biooik (3). T3a n'n xVw '3aa (o)|nn>xn inscmai nyi xnw 33a (a) ( o-), (>),( kb) JlTrn mix >yi (a),(xs).8 .nvr K*nv. *39Bi oam .nT >a >yi (xs).11 .nsya >3 > nn (k).10 .d'kit iwxa oasy mxnn> (K)|a>*nax on (a) e 14 .nam imxw (ks),(kt).13 maw tioi (a). 18 .ia i>n (p),(o).1? .oyn 3S3 (o),(3.).15 nKT3i n>y nnns (k).21 O non [*iai dwi ] (k).20 ,*n 'ama 3'npnV (p),23 .Ton [*i3i i>9Ki] (*0.22 ,mina (K)|pny fai' (3)ji8i Tan K*ai p'ny (o).25 .i3min .-ion [nD3a>i ]
.5
'

n,3.a

k,td :>wa .12 :nyw .24-25

50

nsm

[k/b -p] >y nix'33 i3n na> iiTnsi.l -mx naoan T3y nav i>n nsxi xn a> i3aa n>>inm *pan ja nnxat ox in nn3n ~wx "pan ny-n xn oxi mroi oViyn fo nnxxa nna dk ix i3aa mair x'n ri3i73 noai waiyi T'T n> w oxi n33y nai nrn.5 -iipn>i nsn> ; iVx o*i37 my xin na ix >a fna nai ne?9 ny-r> a laorps -wxa naosn nsiana T3yn >y *mnV 'i naon *rioa ip'ym onion ma*Tp> "iTin iayn

m"3y

max

-------

naigxnn.lO

*ni *n own a nyi> i> w a a ianx> x>i ion s> [ixxam] o!?iyn xna xin x> '3 [o3innnni o3i>>yn xxon *n i>7 "pixV x>].15 onay non xxan>i ion ''s> n>iT ' niTy* ixa ion o>iy mox nsyan nn id Vyi oxxam oxna ion sV ia>iy x3taa mi'n: *s>i n3a nyiVi -iipnV xxaan inin^x tio i3yi ismin tio a-n >y [oipaa] nonpn naa/an no isa 7nai iaay non.20 mpaa nci>i axn >3rn inai naxns anpn nsi'Vyn nnpsn no nya a fani yn o'nn mmn Va tx oBnpn t?ip no> nysoa xn xin ysm insian Vy ciikst xin >y tit ooai oxna Voi3 >na inai T''n no xin. 25

naV

(o),(xs).1 la ny-n' (o),(xs).3 .*'n naV (p).2 .naoan ' oxi (a). 5.. nan (xa),(as),(K9).6 .nans naai san t n> inn (a). 9 .*ioxa (xo).8 ,nx >y (o),(xs).7 .in Dnan ,10-13 e ima7p> (x).14 .prnyan "y npma n'STaie*-! .19 .nainnnm n3v>yn x'xan x> iiu> ox (x).15 #mxxam (a). 21 .mpaa (x).20 .ianiin >a-n -no >y (a),(o),(V),(xs) vvip tioV (a). 23 .n3T>y xipsn no (a).22 ,naon3 onpn .ooai oxna p>n Voi3 (a). 25 .Q'wnpn

no

aa,n ;b'osi .15-16 a, as :o>nn .17-18 7>,to :'x oa>a .21 a/T :xai .25

51

n33 >3aia xm i3T3Tn -ix i>*xn ysnx no3 xim 7i3>x 'Visa 7>>xn nrai o>iyn s t>'k aix 'ot *t x>3n [V?f3 didk inn [mmis] niaw3n,5 n"3p* i> w y3TK3 >3aia Kim o3ff Di>n 131 a*iyn. o-rpsia oTa3i bipb-w' o>33i tiosVx >iaa iu?y a-^-na-n->T>>xn cpa i>P3 ogn p arm >x upi -yswn~D>Tyn nsran n3isx rm>.nywn n'mia nn> in i3ioa>xm owai a"> Dm nson n'siyia nn> nyn naiTT nn>.10 4 13yn wnsa 3X *na tVkti mix >yi niavsn nimis n"an >w i*v9a ns in niawnu? ia>a xxa3 -pis [*3aa] i3a> ns nany *is yy ne/xn3 nwyaa aw inn '3 D'3s >a >yi n"apn > ns inw mawa]. in i>xi anwa D'pix Ve? tsibim [in i>xi mmis mawan T>'xn nT onaa lay mama in iwx mama ff>wn mo .a naxn xVi.15 in ianax nyi> w [k3 -rnx oipaa] >3n ?.a nawai mi 93 naxn [oipaa] in T3> mai.'Vsn mawan mo 'a mx'aa 0333 33n ito'v una naxn [t>k] unw. yraai >>xm o33y >a niavs-n no a yi nra >3? moa ni3i>yn.20 >ae? Tina >3? xsa3 nax D"?an na inn maa iaTa x> -icx nn3n nao naa naxn dxi >wm o>iyn nT> an> [*]ian] mna >a oipa ht xa D'yomi nian mesa la ox iaa>3 T3 ox n>ya> maxan n>yan it nsoa nx ixa n>*>n n>>n->a> "rnx mpai T'i xdx *a.25
-i&>y

nnan mo inna 's >y.1 im >nan inan t nnna mipan nos ma"pi nnaiy m>yan iaa>a3 ix iy nn'>yn mo>
on "wk ni3i>yn

1>3

mnn

mnn
i

mnynm

(p).1 D'laiy D>ia on (p) ,(B),(aa),(ao) ,(xd) ,(xt).2 .-[n (xa)|o>'pai (xt).3 .mipan mx3 (xb),(x-i) |moa o'-raiy o>ia ,T>*xn xm nai (o),(xb).4 .>aaia xm *"\nm (o}|i33n:nn -|x (D)hon [3aa] (x). 12 .ion [>"t1 (x)|non [nimis] (x).5 dxi (3). 15 .ion [*iai maca] (x).14 .ns.nn xjcasne? laVa (x).18 .naxn Tipaa (x).17 .X3 7nx nipaa (x).16 .naxn '33m (a)(iiTa3 naxa (3)fl>*xn nw ytaa (3),(P)|"ion [T^'x] >ac (a)hB3 *nax (p),(xs).20 .in o3"3yn >a 1x3a mna (xn)|yan> mna (x).22 .Vstt nna.Vsff (o)hwa3 mn'ax man mna (a), (>),(xa), (3s)|o>iyn nT> y'3n> (xs)|yon> ]ian (p)|D"ianni30 (o).23 .y*an> nan:mna->a (p),(o)|mrn Tie? T>ia (a). 25 .D'nsian mwss nao (a)|n"ian mc?33 n3D
.nnx

mpai

a'Vj

mx

:nnan nso

3/td

3 nniT
:y7in

d,t
x ,x

.5-11 .11-12
.13

:ncx-i3

52

pinn 13 3nyaa

mnnm
cii3T>y

mTa

pirns a

>'Kim 7333n

i>xn D33y >y

cman

n.T3 iaxn> ix '3.1 ia n>pam xaon ia iznpn Diy233 ans> 13> bt nT3

m>ya

o'yaa? an wrpn

[m>ya]

3 i> y*rn

ins 'i>n n3iaxn mp >3 iwx ni3i33 ni30i.5 >3 wkt crrp nxnp3n na3sn nVyana msrcas iVisi [x3i] xst iya mnon -miT nsaws [nam] m>yan o>y3n -|rn iixn Tioa nwaan mvpn nnD3i an3a> gnpn m>ya >3 mawaa oai onni3Q3i nana wi naip3 naiaxn 'iwp ?3 o'i?n onsi.io ynn ix [mpa nswan -rsa Kim y*in n303 mnx] nxaion sipc73 [ypw] nxaoan nxaion mpa xim P>n >d ioan oe?ai minx mn>x xnpa nmo tioi Dasy xao> mxsm D'nsism miam nxaion mso ts imxa nn o*3'aa.15 >yi xin owa oian T33 na xaeai xao Kin nnn 13 iwx mys *ia.n 73 itpx Tiys in3 xaoa I3.>yvii3aa inxaio nx2t nxxs ima3 xaoai xao xin 131ns inxaio [i3"n?? na>] mTnai xaoa i3xi isaa inxaio man fa nnsn inx navan no i'3y >y imx33.20 nn 13103 n33w iffx man msiTi nym* ox Vt nax man ia nnxx nnx t?33n '3 [t>] xn 3X3 i>y nw'3 ix naxs i*y n>3xnai dxi isaa nnsn >y i>y >sxn Vsxn i>y ics3i tkb?3 tiiinv tiiin ia nKx T33 sam >xin naxn.25

mos

mm

man

'3 (xs),(xi)|enpn n>ya (x).4 .nmnon ia xao xin pirn (a). (x).7 .>3 axn Vnstf X3 m? xnpan (p).6 .mai>y m>ya Yd jlTH TlXn 710a (3),(>)|-in031 (XS).8 .X33 K21 (x)|n33-B73 Ha3H nsiaxm naxn nrcp >3 (p).10 .niaeraa oen (3). 9 .mixn Tima (p) is* nswan nso xim ynn nxa mnx nsos (x).11 .ns^na B7i (xt) .13 .2ipe?3 D'xipc (x)|nxaion sip?3 Ypw xaoan 11(3) ^lai. ynn nxaion (3)|on3a> nxaion (xs)),(Kn).14 ,nn>K nKnpa (xi) 7n imxa ns T*=waa (3).15 .d'Tsism (3). 16 .oT9i3n (o),(x-i).21 .niK'aa iaxw T*3y > TiTnsi (x).19 .Tsi3n 13 (3s)|iiaV msir .nac?3n 3 (xs)|o?s3n '3 13 (x).22 .i>y
;-.

nm

man

>3xn i*>y (xa),(xT).23

3,ap :a>nn .1 3/T3 :'k nniT .14 3/ip :xxa X33 ; x/xo :ma3 .16 33, t :3ix .23 K/np :7TTnao j 3/n :ma,i3 33, i :3ix .24
;

53

C3/ IT], HIT 3X3 T>y TK273 IK -3X HXn 13 ysn TK 9>33.1 dxi 7y> nxnsn im yson ia yin xin# T3i n33 nax m'yn minn in 13 13>xct naxn nan 3E>3 onaix tx iibkv n?a T*3yn niaipa na oan 13X3 xin "pan oxi na >tzr i*nai x>x.5 V1T 13'K 3 DnnX 0T3"T IK TT3T 73 '&!> 1> DS3X *m nya imx3 nax 131 e?na x>i ]3a x>i X71 IPTim *131 7 T3P '33 ?>tx nrn'TM Si x?n
'
'

Vim

i3ina nxx' wbztw a"yKi oo?nai oyn' cnantb 3 nax *no T3ys t3 't 'ax "j?k an. 10 nnp dk 3'pm naixa Dni orx Dnaniijnat? xin 'x-ri y-Tim *i3i ncrtw xV> n>3 oxi n3w x> n3> o3>in na> n3yn nsoa3 naxi o'nu d33 >3 >yi i3>y Dom onan iwp3a? "T3 nnspn CV03 nT37 nax ix*n ii'^.y 't?np a>na aa3n.15 nxsr nrzwzrw s"yx 'nian d3S >3 >y x>k nax D3xw 131331 n>3p d x*ti rc*;nai xin jit isina jit xin i3.m nT I'iys [iyi] miaa. nyni n3i33n n>3pn S3 7T>y ma o'nipn D33a> mpa msiTi nyn ssn o>3s >3 >y 3 03axi.20 yson >y3i i>y nixm i'Vy n>3xna xm nTn o>iy3 axn nnn 3 iwsx 'xw na nsin ht Kin -jKn nms i3i nasn "ma nT xsi [n*3xna] no nT X3 Vsxnai aamwai ipn7 nT >y mx *)in is >3 noiws mis xn on >yis yi> oaa d3kb7 on3 nxws mw9oni.25

d'ht cnn

n>m

nmn

(V).2 .0317 13K3 (>),(3S)|*V33 J3X3 ( O) , (xs) , (xi) .1 nas3 naxs (3),(>).3 wB*33y> ;i (s).? ,n> ns3K *xa (o)|na >x 131? ennx onsin T'3 (k"0 t nwpn iwx ny (3s)|nax Tioa (xt).10 .T*3a i3xi ,(xa)|Tn3 ''- x> n>c7> dxi (p).12 .npm nwx (3)|no7pn new nai (o),(3a) ^XTi 3 y-nn> (o) ,(xn) |oynw xii3 y-nn> -\i ib?t9 (>)|m*ayna fiy naxi (3), (39). 13 .o'y-n .15 .n3yn3 i>3P nnai n>3p (a). 17 .nxxi* ^93n^ (>).16 .max ixn (3) ,(o).19 .nyiT nnna (x).18 .i>3p n3i33 n>3p (3>|nT 7*3y3 >y naxi (xs)jiian *y (o),(V),(xn).21 .o>'3B?aV (a) X3 (3a)|'X7i ns'nT-K3 (x).23 .nax' (o),(>).(xs).22 .Tian ix (3),(>).24 .axn *pa .it X3 (3),(>),(xa) |>3Kna mi nT .D'yim oawa (3),(b),(>) ,(ks>).25 ."rnK Tin
Jl> ns3x na (3d),(ks),(ki).6

ny

nam

33,

:3TK

.1

3/a :ni3T3 .3-^3/n rmsna .7 x/to :n3yn .14

54

[x/X' TT] 1903 im 'nana naa ht nai intpyai.l nsD xinw pain n na?zra nwx sa -pixn Va ia n8nsn nnx-an ayo 7133m maipa naaa a33yn >y ninVrx 7a >yi m *nanV nao> 7xi lanaxc? na >aa > t *isn nsn naxm a'aaxsi o'a'pi nan on >"t *i3n 'nan >ai nsnn nanx.5 *nc?xi on'nwx on'nan 'a on'nai> D3axan nnxx inK wssn Dn3TiyV mai cnxana> dh m'ttT xn ia nnx> i>y nVaxna x*n enana nan>i nyn>i >ix> w 7x33 nsoaa nnyan 'na naattrttf nVnna 'mynn naa *a n3"3yi n'3n i->2v na.10 ns xncr nnnosn n3T>yn n>ya nips imxa *mynnw naa waa naam 7y3 x^ii n"apn > i*ya x*n na?3n oxr ia>2t3 Dnxn nx Dn*x xna'i [max] moa naxyy in *yn ix'n T3a rmas x'ni a*n>x o>xa x>x s/aa i> nan xrn min imx'xa nin nany>.15 o>iya x*n nao/an a naann >yaa nxp 7x33 max n"apne?ai "pan n.i>a^a na>a>nai "pan noxaa run nsnn n3x naiVaVa mno>i n3aa nai>a^> non> nsn a 03axi n"ya o?ns3C7 na3 nsrra Vvvk-ktit wx3 x>x 27X3 no333 nmna ii>it mx n3i>a>i xarmn mayn.20 nas n3 7op naxa 7eny xnnsaVoa tia ia> ff'i miKD 3sa wxa nViT yma i3x naa imxi nxxasn naay Taa nn xn xnnsaVo nmxa X3 naan nasnai ffxn nso naa x nmnVim n'aiaTn ni3n3 waa x'nw naenm X3 x>x psnn 7'* ninn iay.n.25

en

min

,(xs).6 ,enn> 7*xi (p) > (>) f (39),(xs)|inax^ na >as (39;,Cxs) 09>&ivn (a)|yain n#x (a)jsn*n3nV o*Ptiivn (p),(o),(>)j(39) .11 ,7?3y na nmynn> w (a)|nnwyn sa (o),(xn; .9 .nn'nana (p)lxna'i mo3 (x).13 .*ts on mawan (3),(>) s (xs)|nnTaa ( (p)|n3n xnne? a n*>in mxxa nxy> (xn).15 .xns'i naix mo3 >ia33 xxasi n3in3 nn' aa (p)l.inim ims'xai innax Dsy> (3),(p),(D),(,(3a),(xa),(3s),(XD).18 ,x>x iaxy> nyn ncny .21 ,.n>iT i3x (o).20 .X3 'n>iT (o),(xn).19 .n3yn> nann ;:.:-:: na>3i (a)|D7iyw D'naix xnn3a>oa (3),(xa).(3s),(xn) .25 .nsay laa n'n3 x'nar (a). 23 -Top yner naxa (o)|xnn3a>oa .0X3 >n>iT (o),(a),(x9)

hiaan naxm (a),(p) ? (>),(x9).(xn).4- .iayo *n3na ax (a).1

55

[a/x' n] naai nas nnx >y x oipaai rcxri m>m.1 T'KB? Tiyn max ns' o'39 >a >yi wxa ['n>it] nai>3>a nmno *no3 ns3 t- a'wn iffx 'S3 i3n Twaiyi oana i'3yn n>nm isnxsa? naV nitnai n w a 'aV nooan 1103 'inni >"Tn nnin naa [n3'3y nai ] -|>n nsxi x'n.5 >y dh'tsos 7T>y nwa. la nnxx nnx navan 'a x'n ox epan o'aiB o'was nyi>a-ini3i naT na>in x'n -n-T-a aViya >ai o"nn mxa mat>i ow nynnV n"apn > i'3i li> D'Tia o>i3i nxm nsian nn> o>iyn '3a op'TJina n3B?an 'aan] 'laia 'n'xn >ax n>y >na i3y naxi >as?n iciaa dio>i a>iyn '33 [ioiaa.1Q nr maan on o>a mo>in >a '3 xin 'X-n naxn xim -nxn mara it xin nVya >w c>iyntf 9"yxi ira Vax aa mxa cayB naa *im' Ti>yn nai nnx xaan on oVa i>xa i>x nunani m>yan 7x33 WC7.15 T3ya > M Tn *ox sa 7x33 e?' d'Vuiv 07'G7 awa inn' nV man Tya n'i33n d'^dit 07' liy 7a noa> o?' onaans nVya> d'>biv w "|a noa> n M apn >o? i'3iy 7a xim n>ya> 7iya 82i' ansa nwxa impc7n>.20 7fy oa a?' nr 1'ya n M ya nax inn o^yn 'p>n oipaa noa> larm isnx imai 7n maipa naaa i>b D'nnsm B7 inx nns naxi nxuT Ti'ac? naxi n>saan mya> iiao *py fa> i> n>saan myaa 110333 nan ma x'n dx mana issan >"t iem 7x331 Tiffxin cnx> nyaai.25 D'3'3yi

Cempn

maa

mama

mam

moa

mam

(^.C^OI-ion rSs'i nan] (x)5 s tX3 BX '3 (p)|e?X3 K>X (x) s 2 nawan a'asn (x).9 .>3> (o)|i'a iaa (a). 7 .'3 ni T3y >y .11 ,>3C7n noias on>y iaa> dtx '33 (a). 10 ,'ioia3 D'p'Tnns (o),(>),(a).13 .v>i&r\ ni3T3 (p),(o).12 .nra nr xaan C^5 ,(>).16 .nax 7'3ys (xs).15 ."oioa >ax (p)|o'ays nasi nas .25 ,o>iyn p>n (>).21 . nr T'^^a (a).20 .Tin' (a), (a)
.nann

nuni

(p)

(n^nnna) n3 sc?in nniT .5 :naan ; a,aap :o>nn .16 x/n :n'ayci ; a/a x/Tap :db? ; x/xs :d ? a/T3 :*x ^^^T .22-23 Tap,i :o ; X3,x rxainsn 3 :nry>x 'a*n pns ; 3/121 ,k :nn nmr .25

56

owa *axi 03 vixn>i ana i3i> i3> tk ix.1 di nm oViya xinw T* inixs 00333 nawsn /psya nxs 'ni3n*i maiyna kh 'aixi n>y sixpn tot mix >a arc iiynnV ]iVyn [mnx] nyi> lany-r i*won>.iK 3 naij?n 133 3.5 n>3p D*3sn imr i>3p ix viipii "p!?y Vx nyi> n>iT >ini no39 on'im >ai k sa b?x 3oa nyn d>i yn nT3 n>ana nrpn 33n xn '3 naxi -|>an n3x isina hkxi'bd >sn n?3 msen van an >3non> >T30>r *i>yn iniT iin> ia osanV.IO xnsn 13 >yi ona n>ana nnn x> n3i>yn xan oViyn Tya xine? yixsv iiy T3. ma navaa o>nan o'inwn i>a 7x331 n>ya [o>iyn] 7*ya xaim 03C13>1 7X33 0T3Tn> 1 XI 7X 1WX D'TClOSn D33yi [nns] x>i nan Daan ivx o'inpm n3ci33.15 xn i3y ni X3 navan 7ay >y oan D'^ni on n>ana ri*nnw iy navai nyni [nxm] dw maiy Ti*>yn a>iyn naa.ii anv o'a*39n o'3'jym onxn [omxs] TViip 7 ini:;iii&i- sni* ansVas n73>na x*n ixn naxi 'iVs >w ipi>n d>c73 x> i*iy T3311 *pi>n an3>a imx>.20 Dn'inos i>a 1B7X 7x3 * b!nia oino xn 3 oaaxi ]i>y mva D'>awa> Qyn* o'S'ayi Tami oan irnx >3 ow naiyna xn nawan 3 7am nx>a oiai ' na nm>y ovn iy n>y itasn

nam

57

[3/3' "IT] npa>i '" oyiaa mrn> n>ya> n>iy.1 l6m Dim i>3n3 na ni> TTna? OTip n> n'n x>w no Ti3ar n'nn ovi oViyn x> iy tx o"nn inata minx >kt nsTm man wsan n>ya pn cn>x nnxn mi oays>i sa o'aysV 'iax3 T3y3 nrcp'.5 '3 *niaKo no >y ptj?t [3'xi ] na?3 o'ays>n piTpT iniKa *nwn x> airc n>nna 'npTpm >'xm n>yn x> voam V'xrn naxn oxY innn -nsraa 'n>iT inia' nini mn> cana oipa> Ta x'n x>x D3n *ax<* naa n> r foian] na ytk> noa> mii.10 'ai o'Tin >y 3 n>ya> x'n n>in DTxn '33 nn httt nrnax nnxi nVya> n>iy 'ax xm o'3s >a Ytk> rioa> x'n [nmn nanan] mil nana ytnV noa> nso i3'ni3Ki layav d3s >a >y a ensn tx la ok k>3 Ta n>ya> n>iy naxs x'n p'Txn nawa 'a ta>.15 coyia om n>y '33 'n'XT oann 'axi >>a aisy [on] >"y x>t t Km T3a >*yT }xa 'xn 'axi i'3yn d"oi >xtc7' ytx >w nnaw 7'3y >y nan Tiyi na xVa ->:: nsinaiTTHT m>K i> ?w*w aV> naiT >x*w YTxa tth oi'n 'a? via, '3 *axw i3y3 m>K iV T'* sa> naiT.Yix>.20 D'inx on>x nay t> iax> hVnaa nantina 'aixi inx nun una *" n>rraa -snaa' tnnv >y oipaV n>iy x'n >xiw y"" oikti nava ntcxTisa o'>niff n'>y tx 3m>y> Tnx mio T'xi ncimaa

mm

cnn

nv

nwy in>iT ari>x (xa).4 .xsnv onp (p).2 .nine? ovi (p).1 13'xi (3)|pTpTa 3xi (x).6 .na3n n>ya (a)lvBan- cn>yaa ana* (xs).9 .man nyva (xa).8 .'narrpm >'xin (>).? .pTpTa .12 ,-iaix sim d'tth (V).11 .n> w wsan na (x).10 .o'ana aiw ^.>a (xi).15 .dth 'nan (x). 13 .x'n mmw *oix (>),(xs) d"di xai (p).17 ..V*y aan (xs)|Ton [oie?] (x).16 .anay .20 .Tiyi naa 'xm T3 x>a >"y xVt t *n (a). 17-18 .T3yn O'TITX DTX 33 DXT n"yT *X1 H1>X 1> T'X (p) 'aa nan (a) (p).21 .'3iena '3 n"yaa tit 'axw 7'3ya (a) '3icna ]3 on 93 (3). 23 .enas n'n >y (3) ? (p),(^),(o),(xt).22 .nnsnona .mo n> Txi (p),(o),(xt) T'xi T'a nnniDB (3). 24 .oTxn
|

>pwan TS03 k/t

*]T3

oa

T'y

t,T3 :o'>nn .1 :n'y' .3-4 3/as :'x nmT .7

a, to
xa,.a

:n>np
Off

.11

T9,i3

Mna

.13 3/tx :i*TTn3o ; a/na :nao .16 3/'P :ni3in3 .19 '3TT msx ; B',i3 :'x >xiaw .20-21

58 [/! Tr] n>iT.1 Ytx> nxnna nam -ra n>iy xr *e)>i m>y> nVi3 nav3..n T*a id >yi nnx mens no mens nx3te? [ny] o'ViiVa, na33 nVaVana *3 fa ixm *i3i o>iy line? -iTy>x *n >y naxi inx >xne? TTKa [napn>] D'X'aa thb/ o*na >e? nxin> Dnae?3 xs'e; i>x> V*snn na it'>k 'n 'ax xiip 3X Vsx [ist*] inma3 ist x> Dn'n3 ynxV n33 i> nn *i3i snx nx ixaDm ixsm nn^y >.w na3 naxs d o33y na33i o3'9 Tim m>y> nsavnzw naix nnxi] Ta m>iy op7x.10. nea> nr >3 >yi [ynxV nao*n 3 lay ' i3n>i ny*r> i> w inVxen >ixe?> 33m naann tsix >y mvv-nni33i 113133 omo >sm D*33y -natpa o*nax i3*e?a > nxsn x> mVxem *33 *3 TnK laia nViyc i> rma >3xi n>isw xVx ia n^iye? nm.15 'KT13 ooyia om n>y '3a 'n.n oisnn -'axw'nai men x>3 o0333n omx on D'oyia '3 xin 3n a T'Kff *ni *n oem 3 nvr lasi onVy nye/3 nuraa p*"rs '*sx T?a la Va i3.b> D3an> Vi3e? ji>yn iiM D33n> oya oya ia3ty >xi iy i33T.20 nn xV 1'iro 3E)a i33i nera nxi33 nVnns *3 n>iT mxan x*-i>p90xn inir i>y n>a.a x>i i> n>i3 inx^i Vxma n">7\vi iv m*xa n3xe? *ps*< >3 oyi n3on ima c/x r3>3 tVx *' ix!?a kti *3w
n M apn

mmK.5

hna

|n>ia n3K
.5

naeom inx mens. (o)|n>i3' n3'x (xs),(xi).2

13 o>iy i*ne? (a). 4 .nxx'er >y (x).3 .nay> (xs) (x).7 .nanna (p) ,(V),(xt).6 .nap> i'30 (3)|ni3pV (x) xtic mxi (a.). 9 .^ax xnip >3x i3t imas (3)|i3T inma3 |ia n>iy (xs),(xn).10 .Tnae?3 *xn a (o),(xsj),(xt) ]nae?3 (x) n3'3y (p). 10-11 ,ht >3 >yi mVy> mssyna 03'xi n>ya> n>iy anae?3 oni3Te? nssyna n3xi yiK> noa> Insen'a nni33i nsi33 (s).12 .Vixe?> roem '3 (>).11 .ht Vd >y (a),(xs),(xT).14 .natips (a),(>),(a).13 .naci'a (>),(3s) .Dci">y nye?a (o),(xi).18 .n>iy naersne/ (xs).15 .nVxwe? m>xe?n nnx!?i (o0^(x9),(xt).23 .tix> 03an> (3). 20 .Vstb? (3),(>).19

.ixn

nm

va

va

,n>y 13

7"n,09 dx>3 :a>em>

x
131
;

:n3T xnpos .4
:ri3T

ri'e/xns

3/tx :iTTii30

3/na :n30 .16 3/oa :oio3' .22 3,3. smoe; .24

59

[a/a' tt] in on>xn >x oana kt 3 T3s nwa ino'i nr.1 ni'xa na'iw *p30K -p na i> n>337 o M yx 3 nVnna nn x>e? >y rama 0333 -ry-ii nxT 73 s"yx >pj i'3'va mn> inyra 03a' >xi n>y is inx> isina 03an> o3iTn on ai a a ynxa 7iy ia> 7*3y.5 >a oyi 01 pan Kin x"ii3 nai lama w> iy-n nx*r D>iyaw [moipan] ikws jit 7xi nin nni3a [ht] oipa a DTi2n >a a oaaxi in^yaa Kin >73ia mat?3n iny 73.3 on o>a n>ya >s? iiy 73.3 on 7?k o'33ym D'>nn o'KTis on D'3"3ynvD'iTxn 7111x1 noa >.10 n>iT lama >3non> av 7x ix maao> B?"cy naa na3n 73 >yi o>iyn ma xaan 0 xaam o3"3yi d'its n*nw 'a '3 onn Dxii3n o3"3yn >iao> >ain [lia^V [nyw s> mxn] i> D3ni3 ox Tttns na >3 Via' x> cjya oya i> 73ni3 [x>x Van Taxi] inyi pon'*15 nn nnx>i -|wnn 7a 73 >yi mixy n^sxa xx 7*0333 7x mxn nmr -no '3 osaxi 7i>yn [nniT>] x> 7y d'P'-tx Vw ina3> Tisan aion n>ya >w 7i>yn 7axn> i3> o?'i [*>> nsna> ny] -]n>iT cn^x nnxT a naxa nytVi imxT -inx no xm n>ya >/ 7iy 73. 20 o'P'ix >w moE?3i Tan 13 ysn n"3pnw xm un n>ya >tf 7^y 73 inn mTa 73iT3i 73n3i um m*inat iain> 0333n ?iya xsi'n nnsn it mxa o>it i3'x xin xsn o>iyn nioa a33n -imn nix 13 vwnyx
-\>

>ma

hnn]

hna

Ta

cnn

(>),(xs)|i> nxT3 s"yx n>nri3 '3 (3). 2 .xin nn (xs).1 (a)lxVff '3sa (p),(o),(>),(as).(xs)|io333 iyn (a). 3 .t>x (a),(>;,(x3).5 .inyia n>y >x (a). 4 ,>a-nn x> j"-ryff nai >y w tyn (xt)|>tt3 iyn (3),(o)|>iTa xmai Tyni (<s).6 .ynx3 Vw 7iy 733 (>).9 .nmsa oipa 3 o>iy3 oipan (x).7 .73103
nxns
;;

,(x9),(xt).11 .n>ya> oipa "?m i3iy 73,3 (p),(o) |n>ya> oipa .13 ,0'33yi D'lTX Off (XS).12 .>30B7n> 0B7 1WX tl1K793/ (o) oipa (x).14 .in3 >an nnw (x)Joxni3n o'wyan Vi30> (3) (x9).16 .0X1 inyi nnon (x).15 .va >iT3 mx 13 vr>v iay> .22 .Ton [*i3i rimv'i (x).19 .7i*>yn tix> (x),17 .>3*na nnw t:^ 73 ii'Ta oan-3 (a)|n>ya >w 7"T T a. tti (d),(>),(39),(ks) nniTi (a),(>),(aa3,(xa),(a9).24 .rains 0333 (>).23 -7"ry oViyn iniT nsa a3sn nni? (p)jx3n D>iyn -imr nioa o339n .xan o>iyn nniT tioo (o),(xs)|xan
i

,i

:maer

.1

T,na :nwxTa .6 3,70 :nyff .18-19

60

cn^x

09>3ipan D'aan> omoi

nnx7 k> t*y 'axa

niTTlOO D3'0 Hi3D3 nnp' D33Km D>wn 7103 n mnswai ow [msns] mae?3m.5 n'.nna n?38? iijd amns an ornyemi ni33n >y >"Tn 'ax non ht >yi 093133 dh T>y 7wx ni3i>y laxse? DTn ny3? >y maiy K*ntz? noa >e? d'^it on nwx D'nn nyac? am n> [3930] 097,7 o*>tzm9 xwx [>Ki(?' ciitot nyj] 'ox on>yi mini naip.10 7xa o*7nn >x '39 tkh> al>3 nx V>i3 Kin' insn mix -a osaxi TTy xa' nya >y iaiy oViync/ >"Tn *x 7ion nT >yi n3s nay 5>x may >y -'i> nrni nyaiz? n'Tiay naatn *3b? onay o>iy 7io* p'lati '3 law p'lm [iaiy] 7nx dip* *ai *" ina nVy* a inx T3yi inx 7io >am.15 ienp oipaa n>ya >w Tiy ta iht ' nna n>y *a >"t mT? ncsa >ff I7y 7* "in? isnp oipaa Dip* *ai Tiiaa n>iy Tx D'39 >a >y a nTa [naT.}nTa narw *a nT 7a33 ona 0333 > inns noxT3ya 09710a d'P'tx *n>iT nT n* mix 03 X3X p7x 'ny^,20 la ixa* D'p72 *V nywn ianp Dipas nap 'axsi .< 7n3 n*>y 'axs >"rn 'axi D*nT?x ian 7nn xin nm 3ion inn a vnx 73 ['] tna n*>y minx ma3n nwx iisa^n nysai >3c?n nn n3tz?> Xin * 707X3 Dff 731 X7p3 7ian 7n 131J13 o'ann o*7nn yaw >Visn 7nn xim a. 25

Tny^i iT3ai

[k/t *n] i>yi n>ya V 09impn iznp.1 Tisa 7io im ttv ia 7'3* "inVir iai>K 7101 via '3'3ai Tn yn

wm

*33ai in *3*3a (p).3 .110 xin nT Y7X3? nT itv 7a (ks).2 .6 .DU7 msns (p)|nnn3 mawsm (x).5 .ny7 *33ai (>)|y7a n3 7iay T>y 7?x (3)|o*3i*>y (o),(x7).7 .nnys nyser (>) o*y3] (K)|nnm mini naip (3). 10 ,n> 3*3oa (x).9 .0*3133 D7*xa D*3p n^er 7K7X mmcan miias o>3 (3), 11-12 .Ton [*i3i (d).17 .maiy (p)|7ay3 (x).14 .n*3s 73y >y (a). 12 .nsy >y -C' 4 '! (X).22 ,0n3 03331 (0).19 .i73T (x).18 . 1C77P 7n3 Dip* 7ai K7P3 (p).24 ,n3i3>n nysa (3),(>)|m3C7> (3),(p).23 .7on ,o7nn ny37 i3n (a),(>).25 .o^ n*n* 7wx3 ov
a, 70 :n*y&7* .1 a,33P :o'>nn .6 ' :7Ty*>X *377 'P79 .? x,K3p tD'Vnn .10 T>,n3 :m.aw .11-12 3/39 :na.'an ; x,o :'>K7o .13 3/39 :na9an ; ns,* :*>B?a .14 a, 73 :o*>nn .15 3-09 >n 9p :D9>nn .19-20 x' iioTa :09>nn wna .21 T9,no :09>nn .22-23

61

[a/T
ID 3

la nxxm navanv -inxa ytkdo? 'i? ia a xin a msxa ynxa iny ia nt3 na*p n> a?* xm nap ia o>iyn p>n >aa inaia oipa mnv.5 l*ry la nnn Ttnaa oain o*inn ia m>ap s>3 iaaa ys73vn>ya V [maaianna] ow nynn> n>i*ra nap n> r fa >yi Dkwani n>ya >? omx ni>aia >a-inn>i >'3B7n>i nyi> nmaVa navn Dips >x n>yn oya oya a nVama xnw inxai nmn>.10 mnsa V maan tts o i-rynn>i d> -jwasn xan oVny nas mp'Man nrmsatn in na*39 i>an >ana oaaan o'yai Tana nan 133>3 n'man *aix Van x>n naxn naxn nn>i Vxert* DC? nnmn> p7xn naao xn n>ya> n>iy x*n naffanw nmi2r.15 n>3'n3 npaVi '" oynaa nmnV o"nn lix-i on >xiw 'Ton ixtzn maxn 3 iaym naxai nnmnVn n>yaV *aa m>y> 13 ox D"nn mnxa ynxaw ify ia >y 'aix >"Tm i> ia yiznn' *n '3 13'xt nnx >3*m o'xnpn wxns yim [>sn.a] ov -niaxnv pisn 'na >a inx >3n3i nae/n 'inn >3i >xiw 'von >3.20 my nnxsvotfxm nan oi>paxn nT3 omo iVapw imx To nnxs m3>a Daay nasi o>iyn [>ye?] naxn oxi max yenn *n Vst x> *3 oiVcn on nT 'axa n>ya > i*ry ia 73 Vy d 0333 ntz?x3 "pan iain3 ow 03sn> m> 13 oy on Dp72 V inaao >3ff 'anx nnx ox. 25

xn

13 >yn
nffip

-rnx

pix m [>y] tna >a oxwam D'oin.1 oipas [na*p] ax3 n>yo> noaa n>y 13

n-]

xm

i'ian

mm

mm

cnn

mnx
msa

vyi

mnx

c^ni

unn

(x)|noa>a (xs),(xi).2 .-ion [>y] (x)|'"y -mx >d (p).1 oipoa na^an (a). 3 .noaa nxan nawan n>y (a)|non [na'p] ,7 .inVapi mV3 sa (3). 6 .nnsa onpa (xs).5 .nxxT twtp (3),(p),(>),(x9),(xn).8 .myianns Tiynn> (p)|mai3nn3 (x) (3). 9 .noo > o'm*x (a)|ni>ni (a)|na (3a)|ny7> n>ma (xn).H .t'tbdb (o),(a),(xs),(xn).10 .n'Vy oipa> man nps> (a). 15 .o'P'ifxn na3 (>),(3d) ,(xs) maipan Dnnsx (a),(i?),(D),(a),(aa),(xa).(>),(3s) 9 (xs).16 ,>3'n3

(3),(p),(o),(a),(3a),(xa),(V),(as),(xs).19 .apym pnat' Vxn' Cxa)|m7y tnxm (xs).20 ,>ann (x)|3pyi pnx nm3X .03in3 nan oi>p3X (p),(3a) |oa7 f^T an?>y i^ap iniK >ai .24 .>3>a? naxn (x).22 ,o?n nc?np >y ousi noot? >3i (a). 21 (3s),(x9)|.mnai na3 ow (3),(D),(>),(3a),(xa),(as),(x9)

la ox

ym'
l

9T3T n^ya

x/xa :*x

inn

i,T3 :n>nn .15 (3,x oip>') as-33 :iiy la pns .18 (>~na iaip ma) oa-na :m> 13 a/Top :'a -mm j x/nsp :ow

62
[x/io n] onas n"3pn.1 onn nnx3 noa> imx ina a to nity> on o'ixn 3 ht iiy ia >3?n3 mpipn nnnx jtiawJ mn>i o*3V naa oi'na fa i*a l*a nuns Lnn] nDa> invn> x>i n>ya> o"nn inxa o>iyn '33 [an] *aixw na x>i any iv 'myrinw na aT tk.5 x><& na >na nai nun* ht [mpn>] xan a [-jV] yin oyoB? a n>it naya naxn inn >y i> 3*em> "i>ai TaT nr ina Vy nsyan yrV in >axi pain oyo nan' iV yia> naiTn new inosi x>s3 >ni D'3'3yn >a >y vnivni ipyn yi'i [n>na] nan iaxya.10 i3"n7 na> nrnai. 13 >a aina> T'ixn 1'n ircx n>xn liv Tan nT tio> 033'> nairn naan ]ay'>y [nix'aa] iaa xim ynxs w Tiy la a 'ai> wi nea > pya mp Tax '3a >aan sna mapna m>a*na 131 Cain mn'-n oaoai ni3>'xn on nm o>iyn.15 yy ia-wi ni aio nyrn yyi ian "pna D'inO 'T33.1 D'XT13 0'"1T2M D"0'39 D'131 [n>ya '>w Tiy fa. 7ioi] n>ya Ve? Tiaan o>iyn T'ya YTxn *acn' a 'aixi iT>n Tan iina o'nn yy o'xm pima nr aio nnn yyi. 20 annn on> ow dxtii ym fays onaans omma o'3iaipn it 'aan 'a naxi nasnnan yanxn ixii nm oipan >y i?t 3i<P'n 'p>n *?pur xVa>x in3 onxy inpVi ova D'xxi'n nnna '73 T3-3 "iwx yya oa nnp>i aw> n3>> i>ai'

mni

cnn

cxn

cnn

ja '>a'na

mpipn noa> omx m>y> i'n (xs).2 .nnns (xs).1 (x).5 ,nxT3 x>n (x).4 .cpipn (p),(>;|m>y> i'n n? ny ,(xs).7 .>xb?> xan (*)|mpwn> (x)|iDn [-]>] (x).6 .ion [an]

>ax (a;. 8 .ttt >y a'u?n> (a; m>a> O0|nanaa -mVy> o"ixn (3),(o),(>).11 ,>na (x).10 .o'aisyn '3'a >33i (a). 14 .mx'33 (x).12 .ia Vy (>)|n3n33 (x).18 .D'xmai o*x3 o'ttxi (3)lo'nnoi D'T3ai (3),(V).17 .Ton [*iai omxna] (x).21 .non [ 131 tioi]
.oyan yi'i (a)|n<z?yan yi'i
a, a i^npm* .8 j'3iyac7 oip> .14-16 man T9oa o'oipV .21
qT

ins

3
;

n*B7Xi3

x,t :mann
3p

cnpn >pw nso

63
[3/TD It] i>'3K>i o>iy> inff.1 ins ITT i3>m nay o-inK> oa >xk >a xna omipa db7> iyanw iy nT?ya> ms nasn maK tki is-itf3i annn on> jniK om> Tan >k camp on d3s >3 >y '3 o'siaipn Dsin Tan D'3->j?na in urnin 3n Dai naxn "P"r.5 Vacx nsnp nnn inasm oTai>i oyai8n o'lnsn Da3nn--^-K3f3"inKi naxn i bo^iki on> iki ny-rn -raiK ["PT3 nasn inp>i] "in:m iny iinsni d n'anai isnnina i3yi 7 s 0K-|131 0>K>93 D'^ni 0'131 H3 ff yiKSW HT .10 ntn o>iyn naans moan noa >i>3 Kin 3 >y rin3 o'laiy mK "no >yi Kan o>iyn naansi >3i noa> nti n>ya> n? n>nn3 i3TaK na '93 i3Tan nas ti Knps niacin o>iy ana tnK nns nK 71331 >37a >3> i3y3 ia-niynm.15 .nnn T>y 'tf'^OTl p^nn pi i3ya Kin niacin wsyi D3na3 na3.ii no Kin on noa > osna inai noa Vw nyi> i> [n>ya V osna Kin nai] n>ya V osna Y"ik> noa> osna '3 liy "[i-wv '-niynnp iasi n>ya > osna naan3.20 osna &? 13 ias n>ya >w no naans Y">k^ noo> ow >yi oian 73 Ka Knpsn oipan Kin x"\xn noa> o>3a> ii33n -non 'S3 osna Kips nr Kim in *K2ia> 11331 >na -no Kin ntn i3yni np>n x

'HT

|yn iiVn> n>nna o'-mKl? (3),(>).1 (3)|in3ip3i o7> imp iy*inv (*).2 ,-p>n> ,(xd).4 ,D'3ianpn o3i'n it3K ?ki (a) |oniK on> (3),(p) ,(3>),(kd).5 .i'n o'3np o'3ia-rp on oniK (p),(>),(3a),(3s) 1K3 (3),(a),(xa),(39).(K9).7 ,i3min 'asn oyi (3),(>) 13 (>).10 .n> I'ki (K3)p3-T3 nasn ip>m (k).8 .cmnxn nnx Kaan noaV nn (3),(p).13 .'naa 13 (p).11 .on3-r (3),(>)|non [*i3i Kin nai] (k).19 .nas 'kti (3).14 .in> noa> Y">K3
i>nnm ony
'(p), (0)

.3 .oipaV

3np

*\i

(o>y3n

una)

cnpn >pw T90 .1-5 3/ip :'k inn .17-18 3>,t :nan .22

64

[x/to n] oyn Vw me?B3> nsaia man nnian oxn a ny*r.1 nnn in >y naoaa xn own it a oaaxV oo oi?'3yn> miK n>ya ^w mon wxn rowan ova [*n] >"t 'nynnip hti pnx ins nxnpan >xao ma xn? '3 oana >o mnsa 'axi m>>a -rnsa nsx piosa.5 > nana naoan -nzraa man imxa naxe? inn n>ya _ ovarnawaas? imff> ya-Daaxr 'awa xnaa oatia >"rn narcan nawaa no oya >an mn> noa >rc oana.> xn [ix7a] mi' prnr aas [pi] ox xino nax iox inp> n>ia' ia b? irmai ipim irnpi >yi mvK.10 nVya 'a anipia mpi ane? s"yx cnarcan nn rnaoan mxxno mpana inv n>nan oxn it xn nmx >yn xinn oipan axiw iaaai noa o'yan un >y t"xi -nana nyia xa ' oi nan 'axa myo nan nT >y 'ao piosn.vKia xin iaym >nn'.15 nyoi nxan nan ' >*n> Dyon oxt Vy >y >"Tn naxi nana nyia xinc/ Di'n imxa >am noa >w oan'a. nay oaax a Dana.a oyn wxn >e? MTP'n oxn nawana laipa myian xm rnox nxura inn >a>3D pi #x xino i^aa n>ya.20 ejnoVi >iax> arxn nnlxa n>na* ff fa ^i iaay 'sa nnn xin pi na a oaaxi mxs maoano mpan iaik a n>nna 'mvnn Dipan nmx "nya xxnn nnan naa laina

man

men

mna

moi

xnan (x)jxnan mx innn (>)|'n xman mx (p) ,(a),(xs).3 .*inxV 'a naxi (a). 7 .a n> nane? aana. Vo (a). 5 .xnarp
Dana> naoan naoaa noa nVya >w oana. (xs).8 in x piay "pay Vaina (aa).24 .iVn (>).15 .naaai (a). 13 .mossn .na naa (>)|naa omaa o'p'tx w iayn nTa >na.

(x).9 .noa

V?

(>).*12

.maoan na (a),(xa).11 .nxoa im' pTm *a39

mw

a/op :maa ; n,a :o'TB/n nw .5 n :xainan ; t,t :nan nxna .7 a :nTyVx an pis ; x/T3 :D'nos o',a :'ax>a .14 aa,> :do ; o',aa :nan .14-15 aa s > so j o,aa :n'av .16 Tap :D3na naoa .17-21

65

[3/TO

|t]

imxa ysi na >3pa Kin aa oipan miK.1 >13K> n>i3' 13 isma ys3n yawn iniK nam] mon nap >k Kin n>3K k vn>K a ni3K I'jys cnnx k nt Vy Tan [aa n>3K k ntn oipan'i3V;K;n>3iK k ' *3 mpan aa nn >3ik id 'Tien Kn nsa k >dik o3K>an nasi DiK ">33 nna >n: Kin.
Kn

iKa im n3ixn nnso one? 'a oia iki33 [nKT3 nya] V on o>an ik n33 iKn33 o3K>an niy *aK3 oKnp3 D3K>an [oniKi] >3tK D3ipna dhi om> k imi?a i3K>a pnat ins mon Kn nsa ^3pa Kin nin mpan. 10 nya nin Dipan >xk onanpsi istbk nK3 ma3 3 ima3i Dmx nonVa Kn m- *aiK DK'jnai oniK nnn is inKVi K3 chiysn m *aiKi omaa >y n>nna3 >yi on *33 f3i Kn nniK3 on> D'3>in ormp3ii5 o3 D i'3ni innoK nsn onp3> o*rn 'aK3 nT DTK nna >na nn >i3K> n>i3 13 Knn Kn n3 >13K> na 13 ' [noaV] Knn Kn n3an ]3 >3 >y 3 D3BK1 n3 ,na -pen ntn o>iy3 73in nn nasi maipa na33 >"n miynn ntn mpan. 20 ma 7103 is nK (Italian taiki 13 D'nns o3sn> [iTa it ni3ia maipai] *no on myn' 0333 yn '3 ociKon 3i'n 'S3 mynn o mix io'33a y*i i n>ya>] n3i*>yn mTa .maipan iniK >a> 731 [nsaa] noa> [nainnnn

mnn

mnn

onnm

mvi

mns

>3iK 13 (3). 4-5 .n>3iK k -pn>K '3 naK3 nio'n (k).2 .8 ,n>ya (k).7 .cnx '33 ana Kin (>).5 ,>na K*n n3 aa ,(p).17 .'3 T3i3nm (3),(p),(o),(>),(kd).16 .oniKns (k) f (ks).22 .i> ok (o).(ks).21 .n>ya> (k).18 .d-tk '33 nn (3) n3T>yn mia (k).24 .nTa nT o3ia mpai (x)|nn'n -no .131 73i noa>
a,o :o
;

-T3,T

:dT3*t

.2

k/3 :Kai -Tap :D3na nsoa ; a nis>s 3n pns .3 i :iTy>K '3tt ptd ; n,a :o ; a,K :n3i n'B/na .5 k/3 :o ; 3/k :tn nniT K/ia :'k -rniT k/t-3/3, :naan ; ny :nsn nKT3 ; n,ip :o>nn .9 as, a :naK .16 i,K' TiaTa :q'>nn Tia ; K/ta :T3n'y ; 3/ jncsio .20 3/3p :*3 nniT ; 22 :tt>k >a-n ptb
;

66

[k/t> |l] d t?3ynV naiwnn manpan.1 D'Konn m^93i >a x> a pni xinn xn nan fno/yn 'T3 [lananm] mp>na 1*3 o3a nasa 'a mis? mwxn rcxn la '9>i i3>ty rcxn ia n3*x nara >? rcxn 'a nam >y np'n van *3 Tan maann> na'nx nnn x>.5 la mve? nnn n>ya>a wxn imxi naan x> s/xn oxi naTan aa >y nVanx nnm a*an D3H'a V ffx >y nann [>x] n*ya>a mn? nxrn xn naai] n>ya >7 oan'a naana oaa;n ia Tina? [isnax i^x 'sa mil u?x >iax> naa x'nff *-no'n naai. 10 >k? ffxn 7'3v >y >"t i3mn o'Vitji o3*3y mxn nxe?a txp na naran naoaa xn*xia rcxn nmx -pna a Q3axi oan [maipaai] kot >"t 'axe? naa o*am o'Vna o3"3y dki3 th l'n n**i3 >apna lanpnw nyz?a nmxa Tan lanpn Vanx dw yiai nnx mai xn.15 nmx iina 1'sn l'n >apna lanpn ix3i py-iT i*n *txi lanpn >aix dip yian a>a man maia i3y> nT >ai >aipa osanp T'k wxa n3x naTan >yr umn nmx Tioa n>ya >w rax Tioa mois ?x xm i3>w.20 nxnaa ixa xms x >xnc7* ixn nmn inaa nxT DiT>y n>s3 tsxn nmx [nxna] lai wxn nxT *3c? aa n*x-in Tina ini y-nn> max xVi -ny nxnx x> nxrn n>nan wxn nmxo; >"tn *axi miff mwxn >a txw.25

mrm

rsn

ynn

mm

(x).8 .Tan (x)|T>na mp>n3 (a). 3 .nawnn maipan (xs).l laxia m?xn tx (a). 11 .ion ['iai naai] (x).9 ."ion [>xj una D'xn (a>.14 .minx maipaai (a)|mpaai (x). 12 ..naoaa .nmx c?x xn (a),(a),(>).20 .ni33-ipn >aix (p) ,(aa) ,(kb).15 .aa nxvn una (a). 23 .mxn (x).22 .mm'a
:x-ipv .5 :xain3n ; x/Tap :xnna xaa ; a/xa :xai*' .10-18 x/aVa/a> :'a im? ; T,a :nan xnp'i
i

,i

o,a

TC3,n'

b'-to,d' :ma .21 :d'T3T .23-24

67

[a/T> p] ina ><z?.1 namac? rcxn nnn ni3n'> 'i:.n3 mi?3ln D'p'is *as? DB73 Ol'n 03>3 0T1 ODTlVx '"3 D'patn 0DX1 {>x ] id npVvri ns-iiun run [n>aixi wx] n>3ix x w*B7 n>3ix n3'xi wx nxnas nxm3 n^3'3c?3 apVM [n>p].5 vvr:Kn,snaw wxn xm inert i >iax> n3 na txw oi>a [wks iyi3 nion nam kti] *ax3i moa ne?a>
>?

o"n o"nn imra

jnae73>

mm

mom

B?KnC7

3a >y nnnu xa it iao7 n> w nnx >3i n>ya e?x> in>07 mxna.10 H33V ffXI mine? 07X1 n&'11K 7X ini iTa naxy 393 na n> ? i>xa [nnx] >ai npiT wxi pxw nyr> T> e? *9>i iTa 1373 iti ITa 'latffa it >ty cyxn >y msn> T'k is >yi mi marxn Va oaaxi naKw laa nn Vi3X> ns na' ww D3na.15 [mxonn amxV o>axn ffxni ixx xna] i>a niosan >a >D3 OB7 11131731 ilOa >B7 D3Haa 11103331 13 mix m793n in '3 *aix nx-ii inyn m>iy op-rxn mt&ssn ti>it 7?x mpan 'psoxn iTa aw niaiTai n>nna f>nx do? nn.20 ianax iwx nyin S3 niiiT T3'xi mxan xinn oipan Vx m>y> 'matn oyo7-in mc?s3i 7>oi3i tniK 7aaya mxoin ino7 3sai >B>oai omx nni] o>iyn Vo saio xinu? [nann] Va>a msn-m noai nVya o>iyn >3 [aiaos amx oX3ai ]nyc7i 'T3 v?3iy 7n> nxVa iy.25

vn nmi>n mwx
U7K

3 9a>3X133*X nxera mica n>p nnn

ysnx n.33>

mams

>KTa

(x)lnon [*i3i xO (x).4 .na D'pain (>).2 .U7xn x>n (o).1 .n3ic?ai n>p (o).8 .ion [*i3i kti] (x).7 .n>3 (x).5 .xnc73 (a),(>),(xs).10 (xs)|i>xa i>x (x).12 ,n>yaV in e?x .wxn nmx >y (a). 14 .na^na wt 7mx> a>3xn c?xa (x).16 (a). 19 .13 i3x mwsan (xs);18 .-ra d (xs).17 .mxomn (>),(as)| 'pooxn nniTa (xs).20 .io7X oipan >x o*n>x ^x Ta 'asa Cs).23 .*psoxn on>xn it nniTa (a)|'psoxn i'T inna [T>c3>Dai isnm (x)jnan (aa),(x).24 .maaya (3)|mxon in >3 na'aos (>)|n>iyn >3 a*aoa (xs)|D>iyn >3 naoa (aa),(as)

mna

.msnnai (>)|.n>iyn
:nTy>x 'ani *pia
;

nx,T>

:T,na

r?aTT niax

68

[x/n* tt] [*n3f] piosn n?s n*xn.1 -|ina n3y>p pi inn lsxn yVwn> y>pn siaoa y>pn *13 X1 ms3 n in in nivini inan Kin nT mra pirns naxn tho mpim naam anyaa cixt no D3ax i3-niynn ix Kin naxm.5 msKwa oni'na [y>pn "p una n3y>p>] I'I'ik d3 oipa> mpaa y o'srrTnr-tnrn'aa nsn >x nyna man Lnyi] T * x 1 3 > noa n>nna isnax nwx >yi inmnn? ia3 o^iya mi oiw> men i*xi y"in3 i wk oana liya -p>3> 13 ww p'-rx nn tiwa o>an>.10 np3 n>ym wxs ia>nn i>w mini xeana ix n>ya > 03rta irnxs n>ya> nxmsi minen ixnn sd T3i>ai lino im*n> n>acs3 ymw--s3' Ti3yn o>wn p'ix nn wi rcxn iTa mayn yn naiyw 'aa.15 nm*n> nmVyai noa Vw iiy 1*3 033111 3 S3> nx>m i'K '3 D3asi o'nn inss mnesai nxnui] Y"i*3 H T* nr> nKi33 erxa tiVit DTip [Xn T13>3 Dipa iniK3 mines ow X3nc 13 d> ossnttf 07ip ' inxn '3D nx niK<i> nm>ya izmp20 n>ya> 03na > xn iia>3 mnesai nxm3 33, D3a *3B7 C7' 13 >yi '" 3D> 033CW Dlip n>yai noa D3na 3 131 n>yai noa o37y > D3nai noa > iiy la iipnVnesa >? osna ipma >3m nVya > "ny ia lipn> n>ya.25
i3.ik u?93

nxi

"i

mnx

'i3i n3y>p>] (x).6 .-wx -|-nn (xe>).5 .ion [''tiai] (x).1 (a*. 10 .ion [nyi] (x).7 .oipaa o'Viyi d>3xw3 (a),(xD) pon (3)jl3> lino i> (xs).H .n>3i>a xn7 p'ix nn w oa >t* ny T3.3 no333i (a). 16 .p'ljen (o).14 .iaVnn nsnx xesna (xs).17 .nesa wxn nmxV n>ya> msyn -pi is ia3 iisyn inotn nxrnsi 13 ias niayn o"na (a)|Tn2ea mnat nni'n^ nni'n> nnoi nxmsi xn imxa n>ya> mayn -pi .21 .niK32: ' (a). 20 .ion [*iai nxmsi] (x).18 ,o"nn ,o37y '33, 3 (aa).22 .naVa mnanai nsnm (3),(3s)

mnx

msa mnx

D3,n3 *x >xia<z? .1-2 oa,T : *x >xia7 .6 a/To :'a nmt .18

:

aa

sma

.20

69
.

[a/n> *n]

>yi

o>an> >id'Q7 o>iya oik is'b 133>3 n>y 5k 73 >yi oa n*n k>' nn* 133. 'a '103 ht d'39 >d >yi n>o >iKff va i93 o>a' T'nxn >33 9i3i yiaia >3j?V npn Kin" Q'P'12>.5 yn 3iy Kin TynVi i3iaK ib?k '93 7TT'3i o'P'ix> yianai iipn tk '3 osaKi fnyizn '93 ai nnVs n'ygn> amy T'xi] m>3 >3.imTirr yma n"3pn has '3 7'3n> n> DDVnmn.naK no 1'jys ht> ksit Kin m> onV ' n'p'i3t n'9333 ksiisi npis a 'a7.10 T3yn '3 d3d >3 Vyi nsaa D'i33 o'yen hkist n3 Kina7 noa V7 D3na no nyi 'X2tia> Ti33 Kin Ti33n T3yn i3ni i3iaK T3y3 <z?aa Kaan nsin 9"yKi 1133 no Kin n>ya >v osna no 3 no '3 *aiK mi v.sit T3y3 nip>ma. mvi.15 TniKa isnaK new nym 'S3 n>ya Vo? osn'a Ilia mpim im ni3i33 ]3'k iwk myin ' nKn ynn a'^n> n>3i ]3'kip nnnx Ti3'T ins 3in3n aKtf i'3yn '3 *oiki -wn Ti3 nnnat "jmn> m>iyn mawsn 'maip "ja p'93i.20 ins Kinty WK > -ins miK3 mo3332? D"nn inx3 113'1 "\7\3W >"T naK T33 '3 T133.nl T'KI 113'1 i3k 3 nn nwy3 nia dki m'nn ny'Ta x>k i3'K nswan >y Kin 7i33n inm nin nmx '93 osn'a 1"n naB7 n3an ia3 Kin i3iax iwk 'lien xn 25

nivs'in

npnVi X*i>i n'aniVi 'iKin '93 itis>.1

ma

no

mm

mn

(Ka).19 .T>i3' ]3k (>) Dyi (o),(>).23 ,n>ya> mViyn (3)|m>iyn ma?93n (a). 20 ,ia3 .nniK s> (ks;.24 ,in n^y3 ni'nn ny'Ta

|l33> >y (xa)|inyi3 n>y (ks).2 .mawan'npn> (o),(>).i (K).8 .Tny^T '13 (3,).7 .D'P'T^n >33 (3). 5 .>13'S7 (3) (3)lnT> Ksna Kin (o),(a) t (>),(33^,(x9).9 .ion [*i3i 7'xi] ,(>;.11 .hkt (k9)|kt 03> nsna naK (3)|K9ia T3 Kin nr> (>),(39),(k9).13 .no *3 nyi (o).12 .n3aa 0'3ii3 o'yan (3) ,(ks).18 .i3y3 npi>na (3). 15 ."J'ayn T3i3nm (3),(o),(a)

H3'i (Ks)|>"Tn naKff (3)|m?n

o>,3> :o'i3i

K,ny :n3i n'Ki3

oa,os :D'>nn .3-^3, a :'3KVa .9-10 ; ,t :>K'3i .19 k/t-3/3.' ma'an .21-23 3/td :*a nniT

70

[x/o* tt] apiv xin3 nViT nnaia i3x "p'm nrmon i*na.1 >3iriB73 '3 038X1 Tffy HX pnat 3iTX1 17101 TTBB7 icixori y*Tcn n>ya >w oana ma yin ht no nyi> cponer iiaipn twnn no nnsi 7iwx-in dtx >? D3na 7iD 'd D'js >a >yi i93 nat 3 inn mu?x>i dik>.5 wxn nswan -non] i3Tax 7X3 j3yn no Kin nVya >? mn3 > [isnax iron. S3 'no'n cnaa. Dyn omaa op7at Tin oiV ni3i73 D1'3 D'nn93B7 0'790 ntfVtf 73,33 DPI [d'313'31] o'ansa o'maa. op'7at V? diok t*3*3 [nsam] awi Tann3i in>x> 7onn3i T*3n33 oniisa cyan on> Tn>x>,10 dt iv\ n3n wxia on> inaa n H 3pn o'3i33 nnaV unrn 133 i>>n mro w> 7ioa run i'3yn o'nssn >3 no 3 D3axi onno3 nmoi o'3"3y na33 >"t H >tp n3 0'3s ^3 >y '3 n 3 oipan '33> nsnsa cm n3 D'nn lira na omn^ xm nxn i3yn D'n.oi op'73t.15 nrn oViyn > o"nn >y 3 ht i3y >y itms 7331 moEon "na o3io onw o*nn >y n>iT i3xi xin '3 oipa >33i o'n Dxnp3 on '3 o>iyn imx3 ncram o>iyn nT3 "pan n >v *ax3 x> nmru TiyTii tosn *y ti>it "pan nri'a >y n3'x ]3 ias.20 [imxa maiton] D'no: op'7ai 3 osax nn'an xn iti niacin n one? o'nn imx> -in>x> Tannsi 73n33 oys3i [n3T>yn nVya noa o'mrun onn] on oan mat oipa xwsnon xosn mpa iv noa> nm?i o >y o'nn mat xnp3 imx 7io >yi onn.25
>sf
:

en

cnn

cnm

cnn

'3iaipn (>),(3a),(3s),(xs).4 .oik nxon i3y (xs).3 C7XT (x).9 .o'3i3a (x).6 .Ton [*ioi noa] (x).6 .nnsc? nmo3 o'3'3y (xs).13 .nsa/n win oia (o),(a),(>).H on> 'ixT (o),(xd).15 .'3s> nsm (>) ( (ag),(xa).14 .oin33 o>iyn (xa),19 .13ts (xs).16 ,onn mx3 om'n> (o)jomn> (x).20 .oViyn imxa mawa >v onn >y 'o>it oi>3 13'x '3 ,n3T>yn n>ya> no onnn Dn (x).23 .omxa Tiynai
.cnn

nm

no,n3 :nXT3 .2
DC7

.5

3/td :n3n

b?xt

.7-9

71
[a/e>> tt] oni'na 13103 n>ya > onn a7733w.1 ^nx-Kips ''sVi a Dnn33i xinn oipan 7y nania> ['psoxn 7i o.a ] l'Tm 7niTm ysam on o*nni cnh ysvni [inn inn 7i>yn nipana axva'n] ni'xan 7y nma^ namaa n>yn mxn nia*ya o*'nn on. D"nn yy onn yv xnpai o'nn yy mix >on >oi3ff op7xm D"nn ins ovpa iy dkst owai n>ya >w 7ix> IDT* ornn 7mx> to o'annii o*3n33 Dyen onn 7ixa 7ix> id? x>i >xin nna> t> 7ann3i [o3n33] o'Tiaa TDsnni iiynan hi rim caa isn> iot'b? o'*nn -nxa.lO xa inawona 3] n>ya >w oina inn o*'nn omxa cyan la >yi [noa >w cana* Tosnm 7iy7an man xin 03na> -in>x> /panrm 73n33 nmsa 7mr 7ix 73 Vyi [7.73n] 7ixna nyia'rn 70snm tio n>yon 710 oya nVyaa ni'n 3iom ysrcn n>yan 7nna oysvan o.ai'pn o'nn] am nai>y n>ya.15 xn nn'oni 'ax na sa o">n [bx7pan oni nsi'^yn [on'mi3Ti onni3iy] rixno >y nama on o3i3a 'ax 7^x3 one; o7ison oi ly nawn .wxn'a bn> 7 naa.'n"apn 7y DB?ari 73,33 on naiumn >a nsiwnn 'a no oa' my V'm 'ax? na > [mwpnV] i> a?i n3a oaiaama t"yn 7X3i orison dt> naem X7 7>3W.20 Da myn on nx 72 d nyaa? ox '3 xxan x> Ti3an iayn kVx > m t onaxa 'S3 ia'x nx73n *S3 x7i na3s onna7 >ai caisan o'3ayn 0.7*7373 ito7 ysnn T37 i33n pit 7*ay3 nax nai nx73n 7a nsiarnn 'a' 7io on D.a.:3yn Tcnxa 71x7m. 25

nmaa dmit

mm

Ho

.D"nn 0*7703 (xs).1 (a),(as)),(xs).5 .Tin imKV]i>yn Tixana nsxiarn (x) (*).6 ,7i>yn ira o3T3 o*nn (>)|7i>yn im oyi3 onn (>),(xa)|nn*a> 7*a (>),(o) |o'n33 (x).9 .o>*n 7ns X7p3 '3j (x;.11 ,iaaa isn> (3.), (as) |nsaa 7sn> (xs).10 .>'xm7 .16 .-ion [ i3i onn](K).1-5 .Txsn (a).(x).13 .non ['isi (xs;,(x).19 .o'ffan 73.33 wan on (>;.18 .onm3i (x) (o),(xs).23 .> m t 0701X3 D3*x nx73n 'S3 (a). 22 .n.ipwnV .1T07 VT7
"'

.4 ,'psoxa (x)|7i'>yn oipaa (3a). 3

>,aV :3ix .8 V,a> :aix .9-10 x/n :n3n 7X7 .19-20

72
[k/d.tt]

nvr K3iia> o3Y33 D'o* dhi ny3 on n3inn 0'.1 nyt^ >3in nainn 'o 'ax naa >anon nX3i on n3in a' no *3 nmai n^ya no Kin n3inn 7iovdx>s3 o33y oViyn >"t imxnp nm oipam on mxmn nxnp3n.5 mo td3 nx3 xsn moiy xn n3inm n"3 > n33 nya3 n'nnsx >y tixan dk nya on nainn a osaxi nnaa nam>0 11 9371 OT> H3OT OKI f>3 >"T BX D0n Dm .10 >"t 'ax no >3?ii nan am n am ny3 am om Dipo nnsp nya "73.33 on nys a >sn o*3 y3 m33i *ax3 nt no >yi nuivn [mtan] tnni? [to] no on on n nnatsn y3n on Dn'Vy nsi'Vyn xm o>3 nx mayan man n>a.15 an noa > nmx *n>ai omsan dv xnpsn insm 5>>33 o'nssn dti nsn xn t*xi on my on nax nf no >yi nt T'3i n-T 73 on anm om >xm 'axn oxi o-ns3n dt> n3n xn t3] oa" Dn>yi;>iy on ann 3 xn y*T my on ixn an nama >3 nann imx 3 oa' my on >"t max nana Vi>a Di' >3i n en an a n>i>3 ona nanai nisi [mx] oipas >3m my Dn nann Fomxi ax nai .20 -t03 33 o3i3'3n oniKi naK >sm >" t n3in a* Dxip3i nns3> i33ia on n>xn o*a'3 o"n> o'annsi 73ii33i on> >ma n"3pn iiTn ok o3i33 n>xn oT3in >3i *mynn nx T3y3 naa 33m nT3 i3tan nas 'n nyr xma> m'n> K3 oixn '3 oyin m93 fjy >y *i>.25

nmow

'

3n33 Visa y9ia nr osa (x).3 .d'jiti 0*3133 (o),(xs).1 x3Ma> 0'3i33 d'k>93 (3,),(>)|nyi xjnaV ox>93 (o).4 ,nn dt (a). 10 '.nxaii oxn (x3).7 ,>"tt i> ixnp (xs).5 .ny-r dt V on D'a* nya (a). 11 .nainn oi Kin on omssn ny3 om nyan omx on oniDsn di^ nsn kt t3 omsan kt Ta] (k).19 .ion [] (k),14 ,nna (k).13 .n om (>)|om3iy> ^ma (o),(3s).22 .ion C"rnK] (x)|-ion ['nai .T3naK nK (ks).23 .onm3iy
1,33 :o'nai .7 K/n :nsn kt .9 n>,i :*k oa>a .13 K/n :n3n ki .19

73

[3/3

"It]

Tay >y iaaoi >kiw >a 'axw navnaso.10 >y mnn> i3> # o*p*T* a>a [layi] na T'^y xn minn 'a nrn ok a a>iy m nax o>ae? minn an>y myn ixn naxn D'p72 mi i> t*xi aViya B3w] d'.iim aycn naai [a'maa a'yitni spiy wpi b'33 >Ty aa? i*xc7 a>iya ix'n -iaea an> tk ncx > tops x>x a'pix a>3 nax.15 lipna xnpa ynx ion' D/iy> D'p'ix o>a an -rem layi *ai> a*cnsan D'p'ix a>a layi *axw naa [mi'] 1133 dips e? >ax T a'ayn >aa Viaia nnaa [ay an] ay a'xnpsn amx a >kic7' naaa xips ay am n>x ay nax3 am Vxin] ap*i3 aVa layi 'man 'ax n*Vyi n>iVan.20 annaiai [bp*tx B>ia an aina3 a>a lay *3x7 naa naxm 7133m yix i<zn' a>iy> 13 >yi a *a yi mx*aa iB?ay B333 ynxa ini'na ynx imxe? ia>a ai^nn >xi ] p*-ra: xnpsn mix *n>iT a"nn ni'na >p3 nan xin [p'ix xnpsn ixm3 awa p'-ra KTpn> rt. nana moa ii33n [aixn] [an] n>ya> it mimaa ni3i33 an nnan nVya.25

i3yi n>nna pis n'nu a"yx lasv Kaoat yn.1 nantpn nn nxaion i>y ianff n3 iasy xao> xa Vt btbx inn T^y lianas mcaiem I3aa np>noa ism 'so n>ya>a mix ixaoa noa>a iaxy xaoa p>nn T'3a> 'm nxaia vaaa 13.5 'y'Din K3n. o>in no. l"3?3 a>iyn a*3iaipn a'aann ixnpw inai >k-ib? >3 Kan layi 'aa? Kan a>iy> j?>n an> naa *r3yn fan ytx ian B>iy> a'p'T* a>3

ma

mm

mm

mw

p'3 (a),(>),(xs).2 .iaxy xao>i yn (a),(>),(xa).1 anx (xs).4 ,np>no3 (d),(i).(>),(k9)*3 .nwnpn nnn (a) -pwaa ia (>),(aa),(xa),(aa),(xa).5 .ts3 xaoa (a),(>)|xaaa naa T3yn T3ianm (xa).9 .T"3ya xin (>).6 .nnn i>y .16 .nan [*iai S3'] (x).14 .nan [lay] (x).11 .naviaiaiB? .o'p'is a>3 an ay a>3 layi (xa)|aT9an (a),(>),(aa),(xa) |>-ra3i nnas (a)|nan [ayn an] (x).18 ,ien [nm] (x).17 na3a> nnaia lay am (a).19 .aayn nxwa (a)*(o) v (K9) ,(xs).21 ,B'nna3 a'p'ix (a)Han [*i3i >*xm] (x).20 ,>xn^ vit\ imxaa (a),(3i),(aa),(as),(xa).22 .a>iy> ia a>i (a) (x).23 .11U3 *n33 im*n> (a)jp>na ini'na (a),(x9)|i> .25 ,-ry ixma (x)jnan [aixn] (x).24 .nan [*iai aiwnn >xi ] ,m>ya >a (a)
\-\w\aw

x/o>

74

[K/X3 If] d>w Kin Tonn voni pi3 n>ya3 iTa.1 H> nsa [33n] Tuoyi p.*Tsa nm trnon ma>3 Kin p-rx no *s -\> yin naf Tansi mxp -pia n>ya] it n>ya d oai trnan irpo n>T3io nyi*r' [nynvnmai nn' mo R'n xnps I'xi 13 nxnpan 'niaixnn nnxna yaoai its* dikh ci>it no. DTKni oanaa dtk> ciiniin mrcpi myi inw naa lias mien imsa nxw'i ysaan [aniK d] nna iaiB sim. mixnn> i> >ixn 13'kw n3KC7 nx oy oipa >] mT3 >>n> x> oipan ok ni3 T3T *T> K31 [l> iTIKT Knp3 tk nsaa anssi oipan *3bV iox3i nxyai.lO nxr^i ni3y nai -r> X3w *iot 73ya p'-rs [nsT] 13 >y iruzmps mix nai nT3n >>nV >3 >y 3 priatn iot >y *aix p"tx xnpn> i>>n> x><p ni3n nai >n>iT pix onxn xnps x> o39 Kin it n>ya3 xmw otk >3i i> ikt i3xrc oipas. ynx n> 'txt Kinu7 inTi p7X xnp3 TniT 11X3 10793 T1X>1 D'*nn 11X3 T1X>1 D"nn.15 layi *in3n *ax ht naxn no >yi ni'xan *psoxn op"TX o'xnpsn on -\*?w o*in33 on o?.*rx o>3 D3?ian omx nT ism onn>K nn3 naier lo33ai oipa > inxna o'pim om on>i omn cmn^ai ixy 13*xct oipas enpn nT3.20 [l>an Dmn vn*nn 3 on> 'ix] n"3 oipan d03 33 on x>x m?33 mnn xin m"T> o o3mi nn txs> nn'an nsoi xm em3 >v [I'csys iVva] D^iyn >3 >y noapaff nas nT no >yi n>ya > mpn nT3 >i>n T,*3y

mm

hwn

nnn

.nyiT n>nji n>ya (x).4 .ansa nsn (xs) Ton [33n] (x).2 .8 .nnxtin (3),(xs).7 .o-TKn mnnn (3) mx> mnon (a).
.oipan 39> T3yi Cxs).10 .Ton ['131 in'ns] (x).9 .ni.xtp (x) (3). 15 .-i*nw (xs).14 .xip (x)|n3T mix (3),O0,(xs).12 (a),(>)(Ks).17 .nx'iVpDOxn nniTn mxa mx? o"nn ,(39),(xs).20 .waa ni3 naiw'Ca).1fi .o'Tnsian omx opi3 (x).23 .non [*i3i 'ix](x).21 ."rpn nsx (3) ,(0) ,(a) ,(>) |n>a > nnpn (o).24 .wn3 > T'3y3 i>i3 (3)|*3y3 nsn ,n>ya^a ip n'T3 (3),(xa)

:nxi3 .11 x3,o :nyw .14-15 V,a> :3ix .15 K3,o {n'yu' .17 T3.n3 :o>nn .22
cj>

75

mix

[a/xa n] -pin a iiwxnn dis nan nxnaa V? o*aan.1 -mx nmn> tx d3s Vd >y '3 n*n inVnya naiWn n>yaa inao n M 3 mpa > [t'sa] Tan> na ia insi i-mx oxan noa 'xnas >aa nn> t*k T>y [in>x] oyi3 inin m>>3 m>ya naan.5 i^y nay Konn no >ax nxnan sa nTa i3ya innx iaai Tia"'P r nan naoa "px-in dix [>yi] n>ny xnp3 i-mx iaa xin Tayn mix o^iyn >y mp3i o>iyn >y oVian na imx nao >87 mx na o ti p o^iaT n >a >y xxas i-mn>.10 D'3 w^w [iy] on? DyD3n ni3>xn >a nnp o'tpa nan imx ni'na n>ny *3>x oxnp3 nx>m oai taT mix iv Dn>y na mix -ja3i D'>i>n [na] xm inx na [nycnn] nmx iv -|a3 liawin mx it nao >yi nnp > na xim ">.15 [nn'aj onn n>ny nxipsn naon nmxa iwia .nn nnx nna xnpan pns mix atyi o>iyn >a> "n xnpa pts aa nna tio *sVi n>nyn p>n on> ' >kio' >a >"t itdi -non nT >yi t*3> n"apn >k? in'na nan >a nmnV xan o>iy>.20 naaa > m ti lamn fit T3y >yi >x-i<z/' aa i3*x x'xian >a naxi nnan a"n *n "n> rnaipa 'as nxn i3xi tid>s3 0333 i3x nVoa> y-iT yn ysn >x x> >a *3 yn xnpsv o>iy> n3a

vr

.i'S3 (a)|i'3s lo'xnaan in* >a >y (o) ,(>),(xs).4 .TS3 N (a) P'^s (x).3 'xnaan [i'n>x] .ion [in>x] (x).5 .moan na (a)Hx >a >y (a) (a),(>).7 ;>).7 .._. .-,-- - --x -,..[iy] '(). [iy! (). 11 .inx nan nnp (a). 10 ,>ai (x).8 .'3iznpn .> "ry ottp niy*B3n (>)|n>c7 7y C3;nn -pz7a3i (i).13 (x)|n03 (x).14 .xinn nan nB3i (a)|oai TaT mix nn'Vy .-ion [na] mix apy (a). 17 .nmx onai (x)|ia3 n*n (a). 16 (a),(o).21 .nr T3y tio >y tio 'am ma> (a),(V).22 .n'Tan
'

W-3
.

a/n>

4
:

x nniT

3.3,0* rxnp'i .11-12 a/nV n>-i*Tn3D .15-16 x/x :T*^n30 .19

x/a.9

:nT3

.22

n,n :D>nn .24

76

n"3pn nxsp pani nnan nxr nnntsa > m t nan>a i>'-mn> p>ay >w iyn? >y "m> in'Taa tt nVcw nnan mx 73y >y xim o>iy> K033 n n>ww >"t oa:m max id >yi Vxiw* >w.5 no 73ya i>n l?3m n 03 >y -i* 3 *aK3 id >yi -mnsi ysnm 7isnn mwans n73n mx nwx on nasi xsn o^ynno: *nx*33 i3'nw na> np'yn awn> i^s* x>w ony*r nawn >3> mswna iswn xi nw 3 sa xsn n> i yn Kapij aa_*aAa i iaxi .10 13> 3io inn nrn o>iyn 7a mxx 'inx D7X> 731a Tns xin naxm 7i33n ip^yn >sx ]Txn nx o>na, o33y maipa na33 >"Tn ax inx x>i nn7 x>i n>3X x> 13 7x xsn oViyn tio >y in*rmoyi o>scn' D'p'is x>x nnnni nxsp. 15 OmX T313 0X1 n33B7n 11X 1Ta T3H31 7nWXT3 mxx nnx D7x> xin xsn nViyn -now 73winn D'3i3'3>i Dp'i3>i 7yun!? xs "|3 7 d ox] o>iyn nTa nsw nai [o>iyn nTa oiKn cikx nnx X3 otx >3>i n>Vn x>x o>iy mix >y xin o>iyn -no 3 it nyi3 >3wn o-rxn m?na n>>n 3.o?n> 1dt a 7'xn x>33i >na ti>y no xin xsn. 20 mxann xsn o>iym am xin no >3 m>ya >3 Tan dX3 owa m>yan vswn >3i xnps -iwx xim nmnon nsnyan tina i>xn> posn nrn. ysvn X3 *ran 73 Vyi i*aa 13T3 x> nwx >n3 -no >yi ia'a i3T3 x>i xsn o>iy> xjn nn 0333.25

D'>m

o*33yi

nnnTx

nasi yi

[k/3d n] ini' x> nnx.1

nnn

unm

-mm

>m

en

,(xa),(39),(xa).3 ,7313pm (3),(a),(3a),(V),(3s),(xs),2 .9 .n*n3n no 7>3y >y (3), (*),(>). 4 .iy-iTs nan>a (3),(>) (Kfi).11'3d>iKiii (a). 10 .ipyn -p-r a>wn> (3),(a),(>) ox] (x).18 .o^p'ixn (>).15 .7Txn nx i3w> (o)|-pw> i3 ,nxrn ny*T3 imna (3). 19 >* nr xin nsw (>)|non [*i3i 73 ,22 .mxsin i3aa (3),(o).(>).21 ,x>s3i xtisi >na (3). 20 ,x>3 (o),(>),(39) f (x9)|Dys; >3i 0'ixata o"n (33), (xs) X3 (o)|posn x>3 xs ian (33). 24 .Txn> x>x (>),(xa).23 .nt Tio >yi (3). 25 .yswm pics* x>i

o,n3
la

77

[a/33 it] Kan [o>iyn].1 n^yo> vpn a?' n naan -ioa3 V'Tn itok Kiia'n mpn iy3 Kin ypin Kim mnn wkto *'iw rr>yo>a on'wKn >y io3 ypn nnn 'cran >y V3i aaiy >ai aio Va Ka nroi Kiian mpn 7ya oK3 05701 o'Tisan D'*nn.5 posn k>V Toan on> pn "i?k D'yscya 1300 iznpn mn on mnni Tiynai m&vrcn "jniKi iaino nxsi'n 'psoKn -iniTo o3iT3i [iinat] imxa nmrn ihiko x>k ni3n3 03*k nnK tit 'ok oyi3 mix >ki Kan o>iyn oyo *o* >3 .-.'- n.?.33 'na pax nmx '.:?. two .n>KW,10. ?__?n n'i '0x3 nr >yi i>ana np3>i .' oyi33 niTn> [*iai i3^y i3'n>K '"] Dyi3 mo nosi K3n oViyn moo Kin Vsm t7' Di3ai on "lpini mVyo oxiy >y i> 1y ik inmni K3n o>iyn inn i> nano> ny nn>x nmn x> wx [o>iyn] Kim 13K -icpk mompn imx >aa i3np.15 Dnpno ona in?np noai ni'nn mo on owm ny3-ix> i*m oViyni ni3i33 oann n^yo>o ne?x ni3T>yn noT3 [mki >K] Kin 'd nxn x> ia voni p'-rx K3n impn3 inoa m.03 o>y3i nxam w >3K ns/K onp msnoi m>ya D'xnpn T'3 [p>n] on>.20 PT3.T nX103 31071 K12JT ni0673nr O071 DXX03 TT103 x>i isn* owl pTm >na Kin loiin nVyo Tins n33n ito 73n3i K3n oViyn -iniT3 i3>' isy nov maiooi maio 'psoxm nmrn 3 nmnsn ian> yyn ions. 25 ni3 >xn mini [o*3y>] xn

mum cnn

cnn

nnnw
nvn

mo

ms

mm

mxm

on>

[mix] (k).8 .niKxi'n mx'iVpsoxn (a),(>).7

."raon kVi po9n it oyi3 (a)|n>nnn it oyi3 Kim xsn o>iyn (kej).9 .ion (x).11 .nVnnn it oyi3 (3)|n>nnn it oyi3 (o)|n> nsin .ion [o>iyn] (k).14 ,imVyo oxiy (3). 13 .Ton [*i3i '"]

TN

(a),(3o),(Ko),(39),(KsJ.5 .ion [o>iyn] (k),1

|ny3TK> n*ni (3s)|ny3TK> n^m (3).(>),(3o),(ko),(k9).16 n>yo>o (Ko)|ni3in3 onnn n>yoo (39)#17 .inwiip 11331 (t>) (3)|ni3in3 onnn n>yo> iwx (o)lni3iaa nooVo twk (3o)|onnn '3 (3b)|cii3>k (Ks)|m3 >k (k).18 .msins ni'nn n>yoVo ninv>*K (a)|noT3 on>K (3o)|noi3 n3i3*3 (Ko)lniKa >k (o).19 .nana m'3a (a)|nona m>3>K (o)|non3 .nno3i .(3),(o) jionn n>yo nna (>),(ks).22 .mo p>n (k).20 .tnno Knn (3). 24 .f3>i isy (3). 23 .noun n>yo nna .o*33y^ (k).25

mo3

K/a'

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'3? X31 >13X> 130> na33 731 3yn >y n*asm x>i my i> warn i>y nan 13033 pxia Kim 1*>X Diffaa 10T3 xVaff IV 0*0*9 id inK>.5 >3xV nyip >a my i>k no-ii yaw imam o>3? >y nan lnnoa x>a io'-iai o*nVm TK.i3ya ?ti n> >13 xV 3 xmi imn T'ys nynpn fK *axi ok? mn "?nx npo 3yV nsrm nynp >03 xin naw nai iway [n>ym] na nyia 3y icV-wto ----^- - -i|i--- i>:,-j,y -> > KW n y-,pn t> nn3 >3X> n>ia.-10 n 3> 8 mi 1 3s imxnw nya inner i> 3io x>n 3y> nama rp*n x> xin o>iyn nT3 o-rxn ht -pays ip>n iV nn> >13X> ix-113 mi3y3 nac/a i3xi 1303 x>aVi nnn> ay"i >ay ne;x i3ia >y n'awa xin iotds 1&T31 lVayi iya' o-tnx> n3a xin nsm i> >i3' xV 3 si'i.15 ip>n i33n 13 Vy x> -wx x>i ipso nxVas i> nx'i xin 3io x>n enpn> na i3n o'3y> ia i3n *aix xin *txi [lx >3X] n"3 oipan '39> [n3^] i> >axV aym miK'133 nn "jT3 ini3iy 3 "TD931 tsct xiht o>iyn [>3n3 na>m J nsip i?* i*Vy ' n>ana n>ir l'cnoss >y opipn.20 xiVi man ix-113 nsxVas Vinoai d3K7 naos lomy >x awn naiwnn >ys inT nnx nye?3 ia>iy nsip 'i >y3w oipa3 maipa na33 >"Tn 'axw T3ya *n ixms Tiay> t*>13' 13'x omaa o'p'ix '*sx o'laiy nawn omxTpn XT3 aw Den in3 Dm a nnain mawm.25

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80

[x/n3 tt] 1103 xn naivnni.1 Tnx T3y >3iii Kan o>iyn ht fay [*iai] o3an D'p'ixm anon a >3c?a >3> nw ici>it D>n>K nnxn x>iy X3> 7ny> 0'P'i2E> naan 3X>a *sx x3>Tny> Dpixn aaiy >"t 'axi i> nana> [n'p'Txn] niuaa 3 naxn inn itnx D'affa barx mwn.5 k>s ikb naa ma^iy >3ff -noa m>i>ai ma^7 nm' in dh> ina x>w no mxasi niiro mVi>3 "jnw d> *rnx T'X d3S V3 >y 3 naixn >y3 'bixb non I9n in?i imx3 Qpix n>ya aan>i "TiayV >i3'n? is>o '" >y aaynn [tk] pioss >"tt nr >y ip-ipti D>iyn.10 inn laixn i> nony?' tsk >y xonnan |33 t*3^ *"" rayas on D3xVan laxn dxi nnxn x> 7y ynx3 otxm n>ya> oni a-rxn >y mni n>na in>ya ix nniynn T33 3 y-r oViy imx3 Dn>y nVna. '3? HDD x*n >y nawan raos >i>a Dtxn mn >y.15 n33 T3y >x n-nxa nT3y 3a nVi>3 nm*n3i ma>iy nm'nai o>i>3 03x on ntfx maViyn noa nVya> nViyi n?3>i * oyi33 mTn> nBOiffa xn n>yan *no3 ooDic?a T3k Dax>a >y mn n>ya xm i>3'H3 nnn xn navani ni33 Dipa n'x i>Kiun rmn>.20 naxn dxi i>3n3 np3>i * oyi33 niTn> ny*ni imx3 opi2> w> xinn aaiym xnn n>yan 73 ox D^sian "]in> cnavan [m'Tns n>yin] na n>iyn nsoa dtio' npy mnna i3aa ix nays o>3nan nixna 3iom aaiyn mix i3Tyi oxaa izn nnno

nv

mnx

(xs).9 .inx onV txw (3),(xs).6 .ion [op"rxn] (x).5 [tx] C*0.10 .nwi ix>a (>),(o),(3a),(xa),(3s)| eni ix>a ,(a;,(xa)|n>yn3 onar (>).12 .V'3tffa> 't (>),(xs).11 .-ion noa> (xa)|in>ya -|x ynxs noa (xs).13 .m'n n>ya on (0) lin3 (3),(a).18 ,i> ym (a),(>) ,(33) ,(xs).14 .ynx> (3d).20 .x'nn n>yan n'nn ny>m (x).23 ..'* nyi33 npys nnnn3 (0)1*13^3 >3xnan (>).24 .niavan' nnina miD'

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81

[a/na p] Va3 nn.n3B; noa i x>m xnn n>ya> Tia.an,1 o'smy nassn nyaw imo 13 o*n nrn b>ny3 nyaai x>n naw&na th wk^ nVnna> 1-iTn'i i>30 -i?x pnttfa ias pinw pay rtsiii in avail inom iiyna ht Dy.5 *wk n>yani aiom aaiyn nt >3 d *nyi 3 nmx D-ava naK'rnem sx>a *sx naxn on>ya nn03nw] >nan insn yenn >y *oxa x>m on a n>na l>n 'ana ox max i-aya o>nyn ltnxa iKiia 1> nnai [-nawn maa?a nx oxn mon *3X>a 3 i> in nVxn o'Tanyn t*3 o3>na ' T> cnn> DiT3a im't?> 'i> xn nnoanni '3 'oik nnxi on3'3 "i>na 1^i3 03x on *'sxe? ona n>ya> op'i2n.10 nxn '> nntcam awn> Vxivn n>x 7X3 ny nnxn xV iy nax -noa T31C3 na nVxn o33yn *noa nT >y naiwn nsi3i waia on opinai va3yn inai 3'ram >xin xin 3xi osix pimaV on '3 o'six 1> yiti nVxn o*a3yn >y 3*n> > w naix,15 inxs on inxa i3nax "ib?x D3 Ins xnn n^yan no> oac?a mrcn 3xVa n>ya n>ymn xn na max nai n>nna lamynn nyrV TDya iVsnsw msian iin> mawan nnnna n"y3 nxna -wxs onan mnn> vn xin n M 3pn '3,20 ias onsya nyan'i iaip' on on waa msun omxv nasivn K?aa maoan omx d oaaxi n"a ensau? 793n xsn ixn max *ie?xi msian imx* imanpV mt> 3s> nm^nV xin m-a>v -im '3 *>n *>n ma'>B? navna cainnnsi o'3T>y3 xxaa xii3n.25

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n3i>yn na^an rin'n y-in nx i>ff xV j?ixm nanny Tan na x>i * ny^3 iay nii'n i"n 'a' >3i Tan X3'i.5 imx3 3 3om> laipaa -arjy>3i n>iyn 7 a anopan na' iaT -inx> Di'sya my^'i msnn o*p n"3pn txi xinn "nan 7a maynai inaniT cnVpniv nn>i xaniTi ti>3> x>3 nw man an -iwsyn o>iyn ia nsyna y-in nxw ovs 'P3i im it "nan ..10 rawii-a-a-a nayrrn'n-^atiafw -K>ng? i nam t 13 ofip naaa nnaniT maynaw na^an 'txi 'pan it 7T3W>" inn npai ma xm nsrcn Dipa >x nm>y npiaa nn nViym oniTa -jyiaa ^lan xxaan iian nT3 Ti3yV ams'^u nnn tx anopan yin "iira.15 n maViyn in ritoo >yi naiaan ny*rn] maOoa n a dk?> [nioVw3 noai n>ya xxaa n"am anpn >p3

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83

x>3i Tt>3> x>a 'pai IT ixnan voa.1 [n'n] mino 13 nn'n nawm in>ya nana '3E)ai m'Oawn -niaanm. rnai>yn m>yan im? a'^a x>i 07n3n nxi t* iv >y nai diw aaya n'n in?y.a,5 xinc t:ht ia iti Min?3?yin'i 33 ia iamT n:m V'ontf -ry lay anopam wnan KaniTn nmx naKnvai' Tinx rnnii >a>i V'ona 3 D3axi man ti303 o>iyn '3a 733 'wnan >y asnn nao ?y a^nya inamT umsn v?x naia ?y**3 'x n'm.10 mi?3 Ty __ -o'lisan DT3 n>nan -vy^n ?y arx V3 ?yi ynx >x isniaiy >a n* v>y -t*ywi xm ?3 nx >"t no D3ax '3 on [tnaiyj oirmy 'D >y emsn -irm. narm nsxsa ncx in lamsn nxaio ns nnnan n?3X.it> tptx ?"Tn *axi "px 'n>ys x? maxi 'T3in>w3 xa?y n"3pm nr parn 'ana na?y '33 'xm imx3 n> 1 yn ia nsyn una xaniTn nmx nsy T D'nam liwnn dtx T3y> nrn'i n>3? otw x>3 naip' n>3> oict '>3 d?3 onvn? mpa Vw i'>a tx' n'nc? nVnnnn nmo nnn 13 n?nnnn T3y3.20 nsios n'nn 13 xamn ti?3? mw.>a nn'n ?3i [inx T3y3 *pom n?nnnn nt'n?J mxi ln'a D3'a nxna imaip? nammn minn n'n' -rnx *" nn ins '>3 na'?w -nn'a Van

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i'inx (?).8 .man T.x>a o?ff nViya xamm nmx ns xsnizm osaxi o>iyn >3a nn'an nospa o?iyn V33i (xs).(x-i)|>*on na xm DViyn Vaa inamT (.9 .>ona 3 djki man nsos oipa nsoa , D > y (o),(>),(3s),(x3).14 .an ny (x).13 .aann (a)|nt3n nxaios inxmo ,(xs).17 .Tmx (xs).15 .nan nxanos .naip D'nam (3). 18 .nsyn Tina (as)|naya (a) ?Co;,U;,C>; .antspan T>y X3'w iiwxnn mx m'S' T3y3 U),Cxe;.18-19 ,(xa),(as).19 .23 .Ton [*i3i mn>].-21 .3 m>3> (0) ,(aa) '>3 D'a'Vw (0) .ins
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84

[k/T3 rr] n>xwn x iaan.1 n>xerc? n>yaa inw mau?3n 1103 n>ntia oaffa D3Kr;n?iwn'*3tcfea i>sk m*n nmai inan ynn o>n p"rxn i3y >a vi nmx 1> nn3vi> *ok307 *n inoan nnoannv >nan.5 >nan inan win* ok mn *3K>a om o3>na .v> oik 33 IK |37 >3 1 to nnosn i> nnn xV nnnoin 1103 istx n^ax axi naxn nyi> i> ma piyi >ni T'3y minn nno noa >"t iisk nia'^n nVyoa om o"iiaa Dp'ix w a "psyn.lO V'apri n>ya -nnika np > on 'bxi q>iyn imxa __'__ V'x-wwai oViyn fit > nail faa [onix] os? n"apn onaa lay mainan opi2t >ff Tciava ny^a o7aiy Dpia:m "naan xos nnn m>na on> nny xnpi Txa 'ik n ,? apm n"a oipon 39> on'>y o'3'aai.15 Kin maxn xiip a >a nn>w xn Kin xpns na?y Kin o>iyn 3a >y Tanna a nV xn mwn 'axVa fa os33 on> rwiv n"apm mnOon o-un naxaa >xiwV 03 on> T'wiyi o>iyn >aa "poen on> Tiyi o>iyn >y oays> ixa oi'n Tnyi& mVx -pays. 20 np*v nnoann in maipa naaa Vx-i> 03 >nan Tnan piann? ia] vin nT i3ya oa>ffn x*n iti iTa nnoana n"an iV in'oano im*n> [ni>ya >y n>ni n>ya ciKTa >ena p'lx naxs n>waoa on>x nxi3 >na o>iyn imxa ia >a o>iyn nTa >ana p-rxn on>x n"apn >"Tn 'ax<? ,iaya ima>a> anp Kin. 25
T>2v >y
n*3tz?n

axVa iV'skb? (a). 3 .nawi n>x&n (o),(3a),(xa),(x"i).i l*a o'3>na (o).6 .'3 "i> yrn (a),(o),(aa).4 .mem n>aa *33m (o),(a),(>),(3a),(39).8 .I'm n>xn D'loun (x).12 ,>na piay T*3y nanoi nnn 1103 (3). 9 .13TX .20-21 .D*3in3n (3). 13 .o>iyn imxa (m)lnmn> nniK 73] (k).22 ,>w> dD3 my> oViyn (3) ,(o),(V) ^Cks) n>waaa (Ks)|D>iyn >wia p'Txn (a). 23 .non [*iai pirin*

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M apna V'sna 'avmxa >na.1 >ana pT3t ''nsT p'txn n n a'P'-rsm ni'Ta ITU J! 3pn(? >i3'33 D'nVx oxt d3t onv n>va nnixs 13 Va nmx t>03d 0*933 on> ntzny n"3pn cp'ixn >"rn 'ax it Vyi naano ony mi3 'iVo isio >ryi o>iyn moo tobh.5 o*o>na Kin hti inn Vy lanV r3 th^d mwn 3X>a l>na oipa> oipaa iVmn a-rx3 o*o>na [o-raiyn] 1'3 TOKOD 03 7'KTiy OH *'SVl *TnX Dipa3 0"i?nO 13*XW oann n>ya> o'-iTin 13 "inxi onyon3i ox-iio on man ax>a 3 n? >y nann >xi.10 mwy> 73y3 oeipa> o>iy on 13 inx> o>iyn m> 03 omnV ia*ow inx>i msaVi omsx* 1X3 o3xVan Von '3 f'3y >y annV T*x Ta >?i oaipaV o'lTin M t >y iny'T >y 03 neny xm n apm nax 'n Tiaan in >y >am o3x>an *-r* >y ix o*p*-TJtn.15 -mna'i nnn iVy nns iwx >'3a >3> nT Tai3 nVna inVya o'p'-rx y# -\aaw2 *3 mx33 i3*n naV nnw p>iyn nT3 js inx> ma?a omn3 nam 7v,.n?tnv' ATn o>iy> mn'>o mtyyVi p3i IT lino >yi -rosnm jiynan n'Vsroi nions oi'n.20 inae?3 ma7p> 3ii oViyn o>na?a vrnm 11303 nnetttp] tt^kih imxao i3yi 3iaipn n"3pn to' lay nsim o>iyn la p>no rcnsn u >yi opis > Tnaws rooa imaip> ai7> lpnm [>3i imaip> 3i o>iyn it n30 xn oipan 3s> tnVyo nax o'siwxnn opnxn TX271 spy pns' oni3K iinxi nrca lias n>ni liwxnn i3ipn> o>iyn iMnn> istox' o>3 D>p72tn.25

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(3). 8 ,o>iyn (x).7 .nVosa -(a). 3 .P'Txn >i3>33 n"3pn (3).1 .10 .oaipa3 n>ya (>)|oaipa3 n>ya> (a). 9 .onaxs na "owiy nxn ix>a T3yai (a),(o),(a) ,(3>).12 ,noa> dhit (3) (o).13 .ni3a Ip3i it ins (a),(K9).19 .oaipa >x inona (a),(>).20 .pai it ina (3), 00 (3), (a). 21 vnxn >ya to' ay nanni iiwxnn (x).22 .imaip> iitni .oViyn nT3 niTn^ (o) f (y),(Ks).25 .23 'i=t rt >"

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86

[x/na n] in ma>iyn >3 txi mxn xon'tff onp nn ia3.1 noai n>ya onnnxs >iwa> *n> mni ma>3 n'n xinn dt: Y"i*<n >a >y "!>> *-nm "rnx "Tioa .-mx iai tnx 'iff'nnn p^nn Tny7 D'non n'nn 73y3.5 omx 3e?n>i] o'nan ni'nnV n"3pn naom Tiaa D"n >3> xin vnat nri [n>nna ia?X3 7axn> Dnon mnn> n"apn Tnye? pso mw >a naxa on> TXK? on nVxi nVnro nacrsai 113,3 oa?m>i laixm 'i3i Tonp'ssnvD'j'on xan n>iy> p>n nx3> im 7>a minn ]s D'tion n"nn i'K.10 ii*r> a paiui nnc? nsx Tn'i i>3t? iv 3 D'p'ixn '>n ni93 nnn c/ >xi >a> *xn n"3pn 7ny xin nax p'3opi d>tti 7axn> 3'n>i DTsya my3>i oa"pn> onan mnn> minn 7a xin ht T3*ti n>nn33 03np >x onn.15 np/rxi *3B7'nTnn' la D'annan 7ai ox33n 7ai minn 'T3"r >3 nx mwy> maws b i3> n'nn nm did i:mn> D'nn >3 i3> 3io> nxrn n'nn> nnosn 7x33 nn mn di3 i3mn> opios na*inw s"yKi rninn 7a D'nan.20 Tna Tn *3&? o'x33n 7a mina o-inx *idi nay 933110 133-11 ixpn 7iaip n>33 in [>"t naxi] > Dna on >x"iw' Y">N3ff] onon i>x i*na i>x iaip' n>33 man nx^a *r >y x>i n H an i33m ixpn ynx> nxinaw [onan Ola) >pm'a n*n Tiyi 7ii3n 3w i>x Tsy 33i D3nx m>ym oaciinap nx nms 3X nan 'n3"r.25

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nnn

'

*n' (3). 2 .xontz? nip (3).1 (xa).5 . >?t .tm xxam nyi mi' nso3 mix n3ns p>nn .it >3 x"D3a 73 yia' *i onan n'nn 710 i'ni nns 033m '137 >d (3). 17 .ion [*i3i 3'wn>i] (x).6 .Tnyw iaix (3s).21 .nrn oi'na (3s).19 .ntn ni'ns (33). 18 .nixan 4 .mrna D3' [ i3i ynx3] (x). 23 .ion [>"Tnaxi] (x).22 ,33X nsn (a). 25 ,i>x Tnain V"t naxi (as). 24 .non

*i3i

Dnan iy ni33

n"nn

a/

87

[s/na

tt]

liaiv* onsv. Vki iiyia* onn |oin *2W o'ainan la D'pios naim nsix 3s wrnni nxna* nnn'n>n isp nsy dbtx 3a o'aii >x3TX-[i>k liaa] a'-inx '3K minn ia 7ii maipan >3a n'sriVnni.5 nxna n'nxi nax B7 la >y xstx 3xi onxoVi ano m'nn* t'ny n"3pnw naxs iaxn> 13 1033303 aa 0191111 fnixa iaip'1 OTSya n M apm n>nna i nt? omx an onu? i*axn> raip' nsa' Vxprn> >na m> n'xn n>nnaa "pa, i'3a DniK.10 na >y na-r x&tp nng? >K P.T n Kin aoia naxn oxv no ninai [maxy] nx>a nnn nypan *ifw riaa'w naa oina n>an3 'a >ax t?" npn> >13 n'n ona w x>i nsjy i3n imas Tmaxyi nsya o'3 nsyn ia inx T3a np' n"apn -m "pyi aniw nxn3.15 dikh nx D*n>x ' nx"i '3 iivmn dis i'J3 T'3ya inx x>x na nx xin i3x in naixn ia nsy T'33 inn na ircx tivki >t? inaaiia n"apn xna nain ia> >y n>y >x nsyn to Qpn snn nnx imxi xin waa mix x>x *n* nsaw xin nnx mx 3 n?n.20 s"yxi "pwxnn iicna nsaai opn xin aa nVa i3x Dixa nx3 inx nxy imas maxyn n'lwap iinnnn oxy Kim spina i3'xi a>iy> V'rn i> 7"iipi 3 T>y 'aixi apT [vosai txa prn] xin n>ya > [nai mio na] 137 >y nnm> 'T3 y>o yxi9'.25
'

ori"m D33 [mn] 'nnai 'aixi *ay Dannapa.1

nnn

T3i Vx3-T3 naa (a),(>)hon [i>x naa] (x).4 ,nn (x).1 .10333 n/x waa (o)|i0333 iwx sa aa (a),(>).8 .oipa >aa ,(>).13 .naixy (k).12 ,>xpTn> 'naa (a). 10 .naip* (a). ana nxns (a),(>).15 .is)ya n>an3 (a),(>)|>aT (a),(xs) (a),(>),(xi)[*no'na nsa'i (xn).21 ,n>y Vxi (xn).19 .vnv ,n>ana C3),(>) f .(o)|inK osy a (o).22 .ncna nsa^i Dip' ixa xin (>)|v*Dga xin a (x).24 .apns i3'xi (a).,23 >C7 137 ami? nai >y (x).25 .wosa Txa psn xin (o)|'os)3 .n>ya

t,t>-:d

3,t> :>xpm' .1 oa, ip :n'Vnn .2 >,ip :o*Vnn .3

a, a :>kr3i .4 o>,3V :Dn3"T .6 k,tV :>KpTn .12 :dc7 ;T,3 :n't?KT3 .16 T',3 x,n :n3T xnp'i ; 13 :du; ; > :nan nWKT3 .24 x/od :d ; x/T>p :*x nniT ; n,3> :n>np Tra :n3T xnp'i ; i3,T t?3 :a>wn ; 3/n3 :*a nnit ax f a> :ina '3tt msx

88

dtx >y n'n nya i'Vy wprii nspn cnoa> iavo'Van >a nawan oxyn ht >yi a o?n newa x> nxin ia"33* iTTnn>i "pan isa tnaaV n"3pn i'n? [na D'ya] -inxV 'a *axi >"t innn nam. ia>iy n'3> d-tkh tdssb; o'-na3 yTa x>7 >'a '3m ems ny3 dtk >b; nn-nff naat? i> ym nin T"3yn ma run* ' iapsr >"Tn ax nVya >? 131 T'xn TP'i in> >y tdi3o ?n T3y ni> 'n*n Dp'-f nsi > >t "i^ die? Vy xVa na ma: 'ax nai in'73iy >c? inffxV my> yff'>x.10 ys?'>x n> >n n>ya > iai r i" 7 n'33 iV ' na 'V 'f jn 'a n'aa >a inn9w> tx naxm op'n TnVff >y 'ciyi nn'inv nnyt man n> nax law -pox ox i> wi mmnV n>ya > i3T mff'tf na >y hd >'xm 15 tx ox. ncny T*n noa>a T33 nT 7'3ya n"apn T33 isn >y xVx ti>it 13'x M mxn n>nn3 oni in*i'n>

naxi n"ya

nxsao? laa d?'t into >y

faiaa iK-ja >yi.1

ansa

nxitff

T^

"

xim T>y T33n nm'n>

n>>ipa nnx n'ns] n3n7 ca>iy a>nyVi o>iy> nxisn n> tx nxT3.20 ny3 nxyn imxa iffxsi mp3 Tan xin Taiy D>iy>n] mnx n'H3> nasnai n"apn -inn 13'x nxra nna [r>n '3U7T Dy ny oix n'n' x>i n33' x>i mp' x? in-ixa *pan iaa p'an nas' osy imxa, o'as >a >yi >v -nxa >o Tiin> n"apn Tnytf >"t max ix'n apn axyn nmx> ya*i nsyn inns noa> osa'l n?ya.25
[x'nrc

nT mxa txwo n 3pm mxn Txwai mwn nsy nvnn> D'-naa snia nwva'aniwn imxa ixma n'in rmax nnax >y
oazyn

(a))Hnx

,(>),(33).19 .n>nt>33 wmtff (3).16 ,m*n>^nV (a)-|mww !22 !i'n>p>pa (.21 .non [San n1a] (x)|n>p>ipa (3) r oViyVil (x)|>m aan* (xs) T a ox (a). 23 -non [ i-ai .bsyn n> y'l'i (o).25 .l^n r33
Tovn^'gnpin 101 pV, .6 3,t :*3 D3Va .10-11 d .12 3 f oa :o'>nn .19 i> :nTy>x '3m 'pns> .24 n :n3T in>x '3T xan
"V

Vy (a). 2 .n"y3 ns3 nwna (a).(o),(>).1 03 .9 .nosav; n3? -mx> (V)lTon [na oy3] (x).5 r^p (3),(o;.(xs; in'isy V mara Vv <3),(o)|di7 >y *nViT rixw (3). 14 . *13T tJ'X'aan '33 *3a nnx nxn 'nsi

mx

89

[a/oa tt] nsyn -pro it noya nyai acnnai.1 o^axn Va lama [inna'i] Txa*-! tk=>* obbiii maxyi Diii nsyn nnna nisi an DVa>anai n>ya>a *nxn "war Kne? 3sa omnn iVap o'wi >x-ifc ynx iy Vna>aa Da'Binap nx nnis 3an *3c; mincn nwnp Y"i*.5 nanaix >x oanx *nxam ay oannapa panic m>yrn D*nanv nnin> nnm oaa nn nn3i ia inxi >xiff ynxa n>iT Tno3 T'>ap l'x Y"ik* nxihaw x> xnn n^yan noa x*n nas?3n ivayv naVa >p3i it >an mn> *ra nviip Dip on 'n>i t nn.10 DDipna i>a>an* x> >kw Y*ixa o.*nan 'npi vn'i ona oaam ami Tin aaipaa x>x x'oaa T3 yiann? *n Dnan n* 9 nn no n M apn Tnv\a 'aix aw i>x ina vn' 'aa? inan 37 n>nna m*nn>.15 DiTmaiTi apyi pnx omaxi Twxin dtx inan ytx [-inoai] n M an -inn na -inxi anay mxa naina onysai D'ian nitcaioi m>a3a Ynxn mssaa nnxV *37 ian>a>a nn'Vta nysan Diap3n srrpn yvr omx o*p txi nsaa aytzn ny3'i.20 a n'ntz/an ixVan t> >y orina n>ap x>w naina nxaiD nn tx nViyVn o'nn \~iK3 i3io> tx Din isnapn Tiap **na it nao >yi >x-iw y~n3 mi inB7 inanx xoon x>i >i>n o>n>x n>>p a xinn nnn am 0333 xVn Y"xa mi nxaio tx.25

noya

ib/xs

>xw

(V)|noya iwx (aa)lnoyati -nxwa nsyn (a9).(xs),(x-i).1 hpna'i (x)|icwsni (xn).2 ,ny3 -nxrca (a)[noy3 tixko .9 .nms '3X nsn (a)jnma a3x nsn (o).5 .nina inna'i (o) .D'HQn D"nn no (a;,(aa),(39).13 .n3V>yn n>yan (3).(>) nso >y (a),(>).21 vD?nian mxano (a). 18 .noai 00.17 .lna-rx nx (a)j-|na*7x nx xaon x>i xinn di'3 (>).24 .-jx> x>i (o),(i).25 .DCff nosas

3/na-x/na :'a

nmT

3/oo-x/do :'x nmT :T*y ('iin >ai).1 t,ix :na*r nxna .4 a,n'i :xain3n a',T> :VxpTn .5
;

t,tV
(o,aa :nffXT3) tot n,a :>an

:>xpTn' ,7 nsoa T'y .15 npax tsoi

t3,ia

nsnn

90

xVi mpan mans >xnw ynxsa? nnan] ias>i nnx mn.1 [>na?r] ynx> nan naff [nnan i>x naip n>33 nnx man a [i>x] ima in x>x an'. tk> 'ax T'iyav n Vxn&> ynxscr Dnan >xn nannat? onan i>x iiaip 'ti>33 nvnn ana *3u? Vxiff' ynxa x>k n>nn T>apa tw'b> n'nn x>i nap ona xVx dna.03K onv nnsn '3'' i>x nsy >3ai? naa.ni ix'pn.5 dv&'821> Tt nnxVi nnx oipaa T.aivv aa nsy 3w Kin >aa T2t>pn x>x n*nn x>i na'p xV nna *px ia*s>i fnan a'w in* T3np xn >yi iri3a ypai /je?' max iaB>i [li'ian na x>i] ..D-*-i-a -nat>k csTViSn ^sn dxdi ynxv ixpn >sn naaa nxaion oiVsn [ynx3].10 x>i [iaip x>] nm? nxa> omx ixaew 'asa D>ny> nn 'lrian- >?sn cxsn xan aina n"apn > nanx >a> ia'npi >xnw ynx *na'in nVnnai iaip >a q'ksi aip >xn ynxa napsn la's^i oViya onan nx m t i3imn D'>ni o'33y nasi n?nan n'nn> n>nna.15 >y > ynxa naps a o'nan n*nn> n>nn xm oipe/ n*n' na nya o#> wb3 xarncy ia>ai na iB7S3> [naT'c?] oanm D'Vnm D3'3yn >aa yim nVymn nn Dff> napsm ynxa mn isia>i lanVm ynx> nanns onan nxe?V onan n*nn> anp n>in:in.20 lar naa D'aann T3 npiVnaa onann -["iin >"tn nT Dnnsia D'isino dh Di3im n"nnl? n"nn ia nn' ixn ixi nyi xxia> ane/i iaa> o3i33 oVai dxi "p-ian 3u?9 [is*?'] na nnxi on'nsn >y an> [o3x] on na 39a naxn.25 nizrx 'sa aViy '3a >a nxwV oanp3

[x/>

-It]

pimay
m

>sw

an tx ynx> nannae? cnaa na'sVi (x).1 (3)iy'P'i tw* -(a).8 .nay 3ai (o).6 .non i>x] (x).2 (x).10 ,D"ma na (a). 9 -non [*Tai x>t] (x) lin> 7 3'np .16 .D'xsn ynx (a). 12 .non [iaip x>] (x).11 .ynx> nx-iriaw nx 'sa >xne?' ynxa nspn> nsr a (3),(>),(xa),(xs),(xn)
'i3i
"pyatz?

*n x>

(x)|D3T>yn >30 yim (xa).18

omx

,ina73 (xd).1? .i3nmynn n3'x (3),(>)|non [d3x] (x).25 .dp ypn> o*npa .nnyan nns onw

:o>y3n sennas xatasw

:d
;

x/03 nn >ff mnxns 02 T'y mx*3n imx> nam onan nnn mxr
x/Top
:a\tr ; 3/a'P - x/ap :*x nniT a/xap :n 3/xs? :o ;x/x>p (o>y3n wnna) x/osp :'x nniT .2 n,ia :ny .12 ,9 16 ,5 ,3 2 n,i3 :n'?u' .12 o',ia :n'y .13 x/x'p :maina .16 ns :ox3n wnna .21
;

x/T>p

:dbt

o',ia

:oe?

91
[3/> If] Tiewin dtk nnw myan -pn3 ina ia7pn.1 [Y*iK3 o*nan a*np spyi pn2t amain] n>nn qw naps miyttl 12i?B7 >"T3 X>X nx>a yinm mapa on3a mxna nnatt? >y nsaiD 133T ra >yi ^xne?' ynxa a* nap an D'voni d'P'ix >y xVx oViy> ixan x> nx-in mx> n"pn nyrc i3ya.5 nam >x-<z7 Yixatf aria nn n"apn 13 x>a a>ny nay 33T7 133m i3tpn nax*i mya3 ysisn' >ip na >"t on*. 3 an nx>a y">n *?* K.a* di>? an >y i33vi inaam 4 YT> nsnnaw a*nan s>x iTyVx *n *axi nna^a x>a o>ny |nan '3e?' [ixp la] inxi n>'nn iaipn in.10 a>iyn >a mx-i> naini 'ns x> *x na Y'axi aaiK ana nnaa n>a isnaa >xi' 'ywiD an iar nmxa iaip' Vxnc?' 'ysnDa a?yvin iniKi o!nya T>sn nsa x>7 xnspnp iiaa in'sn x>i nai^ci xVa man -nnnn i>p>pi [iraw] iaa'y xipa n*ana ov>an ocnxi on>y isa o>iya zm.15 Vap> Vxia? yi^ 1x22*1 i>a>an*3 omaa nanm Vx*iV DTy3r yixna? noxi T*" nay x>i vn' x5 nn ina3 Vxin YTK3 napsi Y"iK3 maw s"yxi nsaa naiwnn 3sa Taiyp nai i> 7xct naiwn x>a man iVa x>i man nai'vna nmntf ana nanm.20 nn ana inui omx n'na n"an n3iy i*ap aw> naiarna. dixt Vx iai>87 iy o>iy iixtt>i ni.shnV i2p Tsy naix 3a Dam 'inan Tax on*>yi na>w >ax o>iy tixtiVi msin> n>xi a^iy >*n> n>x D'snsn la Yin on nai^n >ya npma >xne? >a.25

uv

Tm

|annapa i>ytf an'3'a (>).3 .maxm (k)|dct!? naps (>).2 ,(>).6 ,i3nj ia >yi (xs).4 .onapa lap (a)|nnawa (a)
ia](x).10 .*axn D>iya nna^i (a). 9 ,onan n'n* (a),(p) (x)|i3ay '3aa (a). 14 .nann naxi (a). 11 .-ion [ix'p' Inaicnn oipaa laiy 0).19 .niaa amx (>).18 ,nxa .engine ini (o).22 .naiwnn '39> (a)
a/13
:'x

nmT

x,x nxs

:-iTy>x 'ani .pns .2 :aVum ; a/i> :mana .19

;

a,3'

:>x3T .23-24

92

[x/X> *p] tit >a3 n3s 'Tyi.1 i>dx "piy Ttfpa? onn'a ne?3 Tin Visan nn 'k?3kb yin t't> nas'i imp' a>iy.n >3i xsn o>iyV p>n on> ' nanan in ono 'b?ixi na>sn n>yaVa Dn>y on'oxn o'nan n"nn> Tn'i i'n3 nay'i X*i*ny o'lan >ai onapa D'nan >ai innxi na.5 op3' xin ins Dom i'i3 may>i oip> >a Vy o'aVry nap3 ona xpim >xnwy ic/yw on> tx >xni?' ynxa inaw ociSK >3X ynx> nxinaff D'nan o'nsnn >ai 'tnaw laa imp' >a o*xsn *3w naipn 'annas o'TTisai o'amoi o'ama nVxn.10 ^ ? n-3 n en x-in 3 n -nmc-o-i t^&a d3 '3 y n -i y n *wV-t-n >y inmynn vnpn nax>a o'anyn D'aann ia i>xn o*3Tayn ''ffn =|Vxn nra nn.rif >3tf xa>y 'in [a] s>x kpb .naiw o'3"3yn >y i3imm '* naa? iVa o>iyn >3i *"> noa xin n'y?3Pfn 3 in ini.15 3'nn ini'tnaw] Vt onaxa o3nnn dtx '33 rc'i '"> D>iya [nan txi] nnx T'xi bpx txi ann' o>iyn >aw inn] xinn oTa ina> '" aa3i naxa *n' xin 'n>ir nax3 T>yi *"> na dt xins? y'3S7n *iVxn w' [n>'> x>i dt x> Vina ma; xin i3yn nr 'a nyn> x> D'X'as.m i'aa> x'33 n'n xV nx>.m db/i n'an ma Ty x>x ix33nn.20 naxa noaw xin oi'n mix >y *nViT nan oikt xas *]>x ihti n>'> k^-dv x> '"> it xin nnx- dt n*m n>'> xm m x> naxs T>yi '"> na dt xin n'yacm n>'m dt dti dt >aa 'axs n'^xns nrcya >33 any ni [a'nan]

mm

mnn

'-

mm

,(o),(>),-(Ka-).9 .oViy naps

,t|>K3

(xs).7 .T'Tny D'nan *ai (a).

,

(3S>,(xS))|D'n37n 1JTB7 (3)

|Ton

o)

(>) .11

T3ya (a),(D),(>).18 .non [n3T txi] r (3). 19 , non [ i3i inn] (x)|inax ,(xs).20 .xVoai (>)|*"> yiT (o).22 .n'an ma' >y x>x (3)|ix33ti3 (a) .non [3'nan] (x).24 .'yawn (o).23 .iVxn inn

no xin nr >ai& (a),(xs).13 .omx [na^] (x)Id-ix '333 *i (>).16

,13TaXK7 133 (3) nisi o'13-rn i.1w

>iuno
x/tp

.non ['3] (x).14 (x),17 .an.n (kb)

3/3,'p -

:o'n3T ; n> :nry>x 'am 'pns .2 x/a> :man3 ; ny,n :xain3n .3

T,ia

:n'y7'

.9
.1.5

3,iC3 :o'n3n x/ts :T'n"Tn30 ; x/x> snawn xn a/ap,x :rn3 '3nn msx t,t :n'n3T ; a', nop :o'>nn t,t :nnaT a,x :n'xna

.16
.18 .22 .23

93

[3/kVtt]
*ax3 nr >yi np3 x>i any x> 'axs x> nawai npa ni.1 n>'> x>i dt id ik mn imx *"> y^T ins dt n*m nnnosn ia oya. i>a,3 ri3*na naann 'ino hot K'n naff [nxnpsn] na-nan nmx 'a i>>n ^xa d [y3wn] *]>xn irnx3 oai3ynn rnwsa cnp>n.5 it o*>wn n'y3rn oti "pasw >a i>a 'e?n xV -iwx [o'aiaynn] m^sa cnp>> n>ym cmp na irnff ysarn 7a a m>an TaTa nop> n3'x m>an iai3ff n'33> oin no3Tsa xn m>an Tar y3^3 nsaB? n>ys>is msnns n3xi yso7 nopiV.10 *x-iu? ipsa' 7--n>a >k? a>an"Ta 033* x>c? n"3n Ty3 X3X X>1 Blip 13TP3 11QK3 naa >C7 DVb?1T3 nan a in* tkt X3 72 mawan >a n>3'3i maaon >a iVdb/. iv xa t^ tx p>n pnsa >"t naK [inxi] inx >a p'n >x T.aivn onan n'*nna epaaw.l^ TK^m
.

mo^n

nman

"m

xin
nffon

Taim o7>i3> nn> ma3 >a xnn

a'-in *rm >"t iiokb naa nxnps 'y*3w *i>x nana nxT a

inn ix3

nman

nman
it

>y

mwsa x>a xin ny3m n3 o's>x [tiara]' no n'lxa dkst D*3p 73.33 >xn' iay> nnV o'aiaynn ms3 oip>> '"> naip.20
[n^ra nT

naa> n37 D'sVx nman x>3 o>iyn txcp'sp n'.n 'Txi nn> mtPD3 oip>m n>ya >g? niana xnn y-in na' -nyiy n>a o>iya nn^in mn> crrn D>iy
ny'3n
n.Vxn xin 3in ysnntj? is nn>in

im

(x).7 .>3 i>a (o).6 .nyaam (x).5 .ntnaa (x).4 (o).9 ,n> nnw (>).8 .nop> nam nx (xa) |oii3ynnn |n>ya manna m*x (as)JnVya *ii3n3 (xs).10 . m>an Tar >3ff ,(>).15 .n>ya >e? (xa),(xa).12 ,n>ya amna' tnarina (a) (o).(>),(xa),(xa).16 .ion [inxi ] (x)|ina73 naaiwn (o) (x;.20 .ion [mw] (x).19 .nwwn naw (o).18 .maws x>3 .non [ciffo? nT]
n3'a^

n,n3

:dk?

a,x :nG7XT3 .1 t,t :nT3T .2 x/n :n3yn .11-12 i,a3 :*3 ii3n ; x/ao :niaa* .13 3/nx : '3 nmT
.14 .16
.19 .20

x/n smi n*ri3y x/tx :]Tin3 x/x> :nawn xn ; 3/ap ,x :]n3 'an max n,T> :d ; 3>,na :.ni'av' a,icu :dT37

94

[x/3> ll] 33o i<z?sx x oViva nr*i>in ny ht m.ip naxn ax.1 *3 rnnan n?nn> nn y-in nac >103 '3 'k d'T37 3<p osnwaa taxn a> nx 'tin'onr *aixi nxsV man y>3 a Vyi n'^an xa a-np i>3 i33? "pan imxs maff3 ix '3 0y3n] ]>x xa iwx Vy n>iy3 cm>in i'x 13.5 cnp D'nnX D>3H T373 13> HX'B?' >X1 JIIDWI 'flinil [d>3] miD'i 3-in* D>iym& *ai> minx myia ]>xn inx>i naae? nxn na*rxnv ['y'3] iVx imx3 s> nxnj? -ry n>nnaa oix *33 n"3pn nn* [yawn3 . niri>'n>>n' n>>n nsnnxn mnan n"nn onyt.10 p*>3an Tnyn aion >a Dn.na"T>. *axw nxrn nyia in 'em =nx3 >x-iw> "ryan 73*nn an? n'c?an X3i xin oniai>-ta nx nnan [in-i-] snpan ma n33i n'yac? mia'i >xtn yans ni>vm nnatzm nnn op oya 13*3103 n>ym naV T&.15 naai nrn m>aa nnxni n>pan a^ nnoan >y na it m3iK?a m-pixa' naai nnae lann'i >'xin Dx33n 1X33 mxi33ii "imx >3i aio yana xVx xira* xV aitarii Ta [n>nnaa] ima'i m>a T3y >y itiyi >xi -p>x aic?n 4 y [>a3> omxa >.ki' i>atp] >33.20 i>y?a fa inxVi n3 oya n>TT anp ay 'arxii ] D'oni'an amx ba.i>-y x> x>w D'om'on amx i*y qy n>i in' >3i iyTa Tny orrpan n?3i >*xinnax [i>y nx<zm> ia> 3io op-' nn >v n>nnaa. ain> 'xo TX3 nx nxm n3W3>x naax n3na nx noB7s wni n^xa [ins xmernTn Vnn] m>an 13 >3i *i3i 'Van mpixai nns naa D>aio >xier>i mxi*i i3'3'y.25

'ht

mnn

,4 (x).8 ,'n Va (x).7 .ny*3 (k).5 .*>33 13:3K? ^?? i(o).' 3 (V).10 .a>*nn33 C3)|n'y3 (x).9 .noaa? nxwn (a).|nya nam (o),(a) ,(V).(3s),(x3).16 .nn'i (x).13 .n>>m on maiwnn omx (a). 17 .maiva -oiyii law (3)|m3i27a myn (x).20 .nnyi >yi (s).19 ."ion [nVnnaa] (x).18 .nxas (x)|iTxa oya (o)|nyxa oya (xs).21 .Ton ['i3i n>aB7] (3). 22 .xVi n>nna3 3nn ipa (o). 21-22 .ton [ 131 'wxm] (k).24 .nan ix^nV o'>3io (a),(o),(>) t (kB).25 .nrn ,cn>nan nnxm niynn
"

mxn

13, iV

:>xprn'

n,ns :n->w> x',i :n?su' ns,' :nyffl' a.n :oTC7n tp

;

.3 .8 .21

.23

95

"[3/a> n] m.?p mni.1 mncjsnn imx >y iKvn> did x>n van a nn> aiom >xim 13^ nn'nym it '3 xnn nym ia n>>n n>Vn x>x rnVan -jiro o>iyn >D3i nmnn >33 naomsan n>iiin nnoann M iwy.aa'*- na *rm i33 oy n 3n nna m*n>.5 nnow. isnroanw nirifiann imx >3i nansi na"nn *tx itmna rnVan TittnTviaa lyi o>iy> [inai] xism o9>x i>x naiom n'navn -pxnn is moB?3n i>3 xV T'ly nrn iaT3 i*vav >3X nx* 030 >y ["113.3 napna n3'x nxm nnm] "ii3.av.10 niTiaiy p.ina yin Ti3 [n>iy>] mxa nn tim s ^ * 3 <* mTa ofip ma73n i>3'? n'*nn> oaipa >x nntrnn tnavan imx n*an X3 ma imxi >xim isiaxa ia3 oip dh> nrnn onan nn>in mc?y> nm,n i3 ixa "i3 maeran *>3 tx 3nn xin 133 3 mx o ix 'ina? omyn ht>.15 nns o"pnn> oi>p > rnann m.nn oip>V ii:n> n>y *'ns nr >yi o*iyn mV nx^m owa Tnn> nenn x'33n nxi33 nnn imx3 opnn 'Txi D33ip3 inx nxa 13 xoinm ma' n3 nxa 13 nyan.'3 'axe; fl'^Biv nyc?a mapTi o3pT iae? my] >Vip n37.20 mnoann i>x >3 ['iai nsin naai psoi gram >3 naxn inn n3a'pnn arattnnn S3 xin ixi i3yn >3 ian "|> 'maic? miX3 nnyi nns3 D'naix n?x "fy onyra mswna xVi nT9 x> ow i*x nsnnxn onan mnn inx> '3 nm 'aixc? pica ixxai mu?n 3X>as in x>x n3-i.25

myimn

m>nn

n>m

mm

nn

(a).1 (s). 3 .iS5?'> 3ion x>n (>).2 .mVnan nnxni 3 (a),(>),(xs>) Imyin xism (x).S .D>iy3 (a).7 .hxt ,i>33 x> i'7yz? Tana i"iy iK73y (o).9 .lian (>}|133t (x).10 (3). 14 .ion [o>iy>] (x).11 ,->on [*i3i ,18 .x>x ann (a)|>xi snn (>)|n>iyn nT3 (o).15 .mnnn (>).21 .ion [*i3i i3c; my] (x).20 .x33n mxi33 (3) .nn x>x (3). 52 .i>.nTiw ia3i naxn iht

mn

nnm]

x>,ip :o>nn .5
x/n

;mr nmsy .9-10

a,i

:n?xn3 .11 13, i> :>xpTn' .17-18 3, no :n*ytf .19 T,n :nT3T .20

96

[x/aV*p]
iix'a nx3n.1 ori i> nax' ump D'^uii'i ntnsni '33 ni'ns pnosn nts fia^n t a.yn '3 n>>ni dtx xonV dtk *33> nn9on yin ns' naoa oi'n D'pmnoi axons D'a^Vnm *n x-nsn '3 9^ *3*r3 cnpn y-iT> nu *wx3 oipa >ff i.-nun 170.5 D'pim nan -iffx "ry a!?np on"m Dnanpnm Dauy xaa> nxaion Vx o'Dipnni nampn 1 o *n 7'xi Ksna nopan tkb? xmn iaT3 >3X osmsi D'omp .i'n dVd omx nns'w Tax* Blip D'^on': muni its3 ikbihi *".10 3 03>B3 ip3"T1 n^TTpn >X 131pn' '3 1> on ik wn? n"3pn no 03'n>x *"3 cpam onxi '-n mx iaun mx '" n'n' mxt D'emp d>13 ]3 Da nsp' mVisnn 71331 np> join> >'3a >3> ni3 >'xim.15 maix >y tznD> 13V ?' nr ixai nxaion ixa on30 -itax o>iyn oViyn in n"3pn i3T3yi opVn nxaion nn mix xV T3 dx ynxn 7a tsjk nxaion nn nxi *3 maix oxi D^iyn >33 a>iynniaix T'lxa i*n' n'wan i^a T3 n-nn nVffaa it *x T'ista in x> D>iyn.20 kds; '3>a] 13'k?' nn3 o"xi v<ann 3>a *n3 xVm (!) 113EW1 [l3'ip' T3WX X301 -|i-T3y x> -iwx hsVaam ian 3 D'sVa >3 i>
(

nx'3M3"m

*i3i
ny-rV

on'tnuffi T3x D'3Va I'm i*i3x oViyn ta ny33 n'n' x> nxaion nnu '"in T3 dx

nmp'30

nnx -pian 7"i2ta D>iyn

maix

7x iy33 dxi.25

,n>'>m on D'Vn'3 D"nV 3ici3n >3 i> nax' (3).1 -vi-ViK&am Tina -imsn (a). 10 .D>iyn '33 m'na (o),(a)
,(5). 2

(xs).14 .DDK "|K (3). 12 .Dn> ipi3?l (3),(V).11 .D*>C?1T3 (o),(V).17 .maix 7'3y >y (0), (*),(>). 15 .np> n>waa na (o),0),(3s).20 ,T3V nxaion nn oxi nxaion Txixa (xs).25 .ion ['131 X3 '3>a] (x).21 .i>a> n'nn

tot

ny-r>

ttx

T,3 :d

i,i :nyw .1 ia,x' :xip'i .6 ; a,i :n'y' .10 t,i id'Tdt .12 d,t :n'T3T .13 3, a' :n*i3T .18 ',ay :D'>nn .21 x',3y :o'>nn .22 3',o :n'ye?' .22-23 13, oa :n'y<z?' .23

97

[a/x*^]
D'nain Ti33n >yi naxa ny-rV -jV ' i*na >y Tl3?n J.1 Tk n>iyn mai.x o3s >3 >y '3 o*a"p on jim Ta T>oana n"apn n'oan en ban a "i> ynxn ay >3 nnsa i> mV> n'an -|>a> Da>am Tn* n>iyn niaui oa'aiiai oanax T33 '33i *3.5 in ox max nx Vyi lam nrnxa "ja"p [navna] nxaio nn i'x 7am imx3 pa"? nxaion mi '3 "|> nn o>iyn ia a>iyn la y>i3'i nViyn ia n"apn mix isn [imx3 D'pat] in x5n naon nmxa lain' ann o*Tam.10 n7iay> n'nnaia ini >'xin 'a naxa T 9 xn* ai oViya T y nsiax p"p* x> xim nan i>a xin an3 tx o>iyn to T M y n*na' x> xin i>x T3ya mnnanV n'3 mtnm V'xin na"pa 1>X3 T>y n>yn T3a T"y nnan xV3 -]>an naV.15 oa>a 'inx na> i>'i '3 T"y >raiy xin i>xa *man miy i'n y-in >y 73 *aixi yin na> yi 'aixi [nai] nv xin *" n'a iaa oi>i om i'3 n'n 'a Dan Ta >a >>3 T"ya maa 7x naxa yn* 'man i>y n>yn i'3 t: nn'a x> >y xT?x imas n'an i>a 73 >3 miy 7n na ny xin i>X3.20 imn nnm it nnn [d'siss] i'n' o>iyn '33 >3 nn -pay n"apn nnxa x>x ova nna x> xin o>isn to nxaion nT33 D3anV o'lan >a *ian ii3y txi tpn 7'73 nay imx na> *n' ix-i"i iya' cmx3ni T"y 'aj.3 nn'xia [oipan].25
ri

nm

ray
,f

nm*

'>ma 'ay (x).4 .ion [73yn] (x).1 (x)|nxaion nn (3.),(aa).(as).(xs).7 .o'a>an ,(as))j-iyana mxa nna7 r*n (x).10 .yixn 7 (>),(xs).9 .mayna (o) (x).18 .nnan x^ -ry (o),(xs).15 .xin dx (>).13 ."rxn lo'msa (x).21 .y-TT nn xin 'a nT nan (a)Jnon [na"r] >a (a),(xs).23 ."pss nn o>iyn >a (o),(>),(aD),(xs) (a),(-),(aa)f(Ka),(a)-,(KD).24 .o>iyn >a (o),(>) maixn .oipaa (x).25 .amx ci>it
>3i (o),(>)|yTxn
|

98

[k/t> Tt] 033n> x> nm yn ists ny my> is'ot x>i.1 nnn inn nan i>a> n3> txi 7pn n'naa [oay] d313 in -wx3 no? n33 i3xa -iwx3 imni 0'iay irm onVny iva-o'Via nn maix -ixtpa rniaiK nxffi.n'3>an ana >3 nn>.5 '0333 1i1 VTX 09X >31 D'ma'ia' anay vn'i axnxa i3'i anpn n?T33 maix nT -pi a I3s>i >mw >3>i n*oan iVa> n'3S >d >y >Dan nKoiBH nnr iVoan' x> D>iyn ,>awa>' n oyna Tana wnsia i3yn iT? '"im.lO Tmaxn dtp [m] no> p7n Kin ny^ nT on 03 7*>sm ns's ?Vn >y lain Tanm ni3nx *>3 cayia tbt >y an3i3m Di3i3 tikk k>i ii'Vy ysn xixaV V"aa> D>3warn onans tibtx x>x.15 -imT3 no .lyi o>iy> D'aanaa cann 'pTxai yp-m onpn y-ir> 'n* nvm mx rvi'xn ]'jy n'X'Xn Trial Dayri >a Ta o*'&n3 i"T3y i3nnn> -ra n'an >a i3> aio> ana i3ioyi nmxa no ia> n"apn imp mxan >3i xan oViyn noa i3ni3T>.20 >xw> Dn'misux amK >'n3n> 4 3 or* oVmn^ *"ra >y inwyi"-nmxa' no >"t max -iaa ri'ar'xn x>ax *yn' 'an* *ian mx >ax nTa -pTxn> 13> tx ia n>anm Toinm o'D33 *iz ia va>nn> anpn ynr> -naT> 'ia xm n'X'xn T3y no a yn i3y> >an.25

mm*

(o)Jnon [o'ayl (x).3 .nnna (o),(>),(3a),(xa).2 (xa)j'" >'3a> n (xn).10 ,D'>ia3 Tn (xn).4 .cay lna ,>aa> (as)|o3x xnpn y*ax arnan pm .>'aa> no3T>9m ri'x'x 'E/'(tfn p?nn (xn).11 .T'oa xaam 110' p7n "TO HT (a-i)|on3.iam n*2'x p>n >y'n3iaxn DTP c;xt i3yi 3iD dti na t*3y noi onsiam oiioa rV'sm r opm a>na 1C73 oi3* nx>n o'x>3 n>a 3^iV nsio n3c?n (3s)|7ioa T^sm n'X*^ p^n (xs)JTan >y onsnarn n^'tapa 110' p>n iy^7 HT h>am n'S'2 p>n >y -nailaWl DTP nt (>)|niiBxn dtp mno pVn ny^ nT (aa)|(a-r)=(xa) 11D' 11?n lytff onos i>sm ri's'i: p>n >y naiaxn' DTp naio n3u?n XT i"3si aio' 'di i 'cov T"3y noi snsisni onsiarn n>'op cpi'i 3>na iwn ma ns*Vn ox>3 n>a a>i> p^n ID B7 iy HT (o)|Dn03 l?V'9m P'X'X p>n (a)|Tan >y (>),(o).2o .nianx x>3 (o).i3 inniaKn ciTpi mn ,max3 7 (3). 21 .nin o>iy no3
'bo-13
:.,..:

mnc

a,3 :Vx*3-t .15-16 xa~T/,ic3 :n3*ra3 .17

X3,n :>wa .21

99

[a/7!? tt 1 xinan nm'>yn rnnaa [imxj.1 noi is xi>n I'Dinm wipn >3'n niTit.a' >y Taos yn [710 >y 7om] 3"V on 7"oinni .osicn nVann Koan.vn n3T>yn nasnn nnna mysuan nii'nsn osma n>i>3 nasnn x&onan X0331 x3nn.5 oa>iy nEiT d>3 ysw nenn 3i onmoa nyso/ai dV nann n>3nn -pn3 oiun xin xosn tioi n>3n >"t dtbx.s [laipa] ty n>ya> iy n>iy i>e? ti-asn sosV nan ypm yp7> nan on o> nan ?&i..y'.. doi >y 7 nan. 1.0 no >yi lowsn* bi?ai n>snn [7103] ivn 93303 D'tnxan noaV o'sayn on 7K3 msn3 3">3 Dnn3 gipan 72 >sn n>yaV opipn n3na 7103 oh 7axa3i Tan Kin n>3nn 73 7103 s"yx '3 osaxi o?n>n minn 'nnos twanan xosn >y.15 7133 piay nnx 737 w 717 xo3> xo3 xin nVsnn 710 3 ny7 'X3tia> [n>iyi 77i] n>3an 7?,7,nma [tio] xm nnVsn nsax3 nnn 7X3 imowa: 7aiy n'>3n 710 Vyi D's' D'anan >3 [nax] V"t o'asn nr 7'3y >yi inx. 20. 3 Vy nVsnn 7a yin oi>n> 7aiy inaiam xm in7 >y o'73iym *ynn *n' dot aik m>3> l>an na'xa] 07xn inm> nymn nyiann 710 [mxn xon* x>t? 7i3T>i mix mxnn inn ni3n> nasia nyixnn nn ix> oxi [ix7i3>] *" ma:a >3 nx] on73Ti imx on'xmnax 710.25 nm nt [nax 7*2^2

xos >y -awn

*ynn

'n

inn

nny

msa

D"m

mo

(a),(>),(*),(K7).2 .xo3n >y (3),(xs)Hon [mix] (x).1 (xs)|xo3n i3i (3). 4 .73y >y 3 M > (x).3 .isina 7"i>n nyso?3 (3). 6 .onsa n>i>3 (a)|xo3m (a). 5 .xosn 3i .11 .maipa (x).8 .n>3nn 7"3y3 O).? .onmoai D3ina ,(>),(x3),(37),(x7).12 .o'Tmxn (xs)jn>3nn oin3 nsn-n (x) ('). 18 ,ni3'n3 3 M >3'omn (a)|ni3n3 omn oipan (3) (3),(>).20 .n>iyi n77T (3s)|77i n>iy (x)|7on [710] (a),(xs).22 .mVnV (V). 21. ion [nax] (x)|nT Tan p'jy mxn nnrnl? (x).23 .inim Vy (3),(>)jm3i3n >y o'73iy3 (3),(a),(>),(xE)),(x7)|ix7i33 (x).24 ,7'oxnVi 73n> ,nm nr 73y3 onian (x).25 .mp>n>
o,x :*x

x/ds :7>in

3/aa :mn3a

100
[x/nV tt]

x^ana x'in [n*>] n>33Vixa m mix nsn iiwan >a.1 ?'m -nz?x inxona naT3 n'n imx o-rxn tnxia isit3> aon xt nm xon s"yxi D':m *ax& naa n'na? n3n rcxn T'3^ *' n*3"i- ccn-i's nax

ins

o'D^snai manan noa o-iffpnai noa yn' -pay a nr T3a ontz? irmin 'ain va3 yn? toi >am a'xnpn in' ay rt3a 'Ty 3 Vy mxn im'an >iyn xin ri'S'sn run xjna> m>y> xoa xnm n>n >aya iff> 'ia n>nna nKir.15
ne?an

na iiasn i3ni yaon"*i3n osn nx mxinV.5 Dn'XTI HT T3V3 T31 T1 HX11 OTXil PTHD HOKB? DTxm nvisnn [*in] nx> oxn on'owi oman imx imiioa T'>sn nnan. b^ 1 ? n a twin a ^oynn? noa non on o'-itffpn Tioi T33yn ia>na on onn yy V? nsa? mxa n.10

nor

n>n x*n nsupni nnp ;;on T>snn 'a o'a'n >a noswa nai TanV Taix lax ia >yn xoa >y aan "no nmx ian> n>nna -pis xoam aann >ia* xoa. 20 oa ia nnxV aann xa> nna *noa myoVi xoa Vy awi nsias n-nayn mn> na-na ia 7oaa3 o>iy>i nayVi o> a*a mwi x>i enpa T>yan n>na> nsop D>iy>i D3an> xa> 'ixn fx a mx&n >y nampn T3'na.25

x'n

i'>snmmxa x-n oa>y> msan >y

ri'S'xn

ai*>y T>snn

maa

moa

Tima

,O),(0|o''inK d'bub (a). 4 .ion [n*V] (x)|nan ixa (a).1 y'sia --n*nw cmsn a?xn (x)|mxinV i*3y >y o'nnx D'cns (a) .ion Tnrr] (x).7 .n>inxn cnoisn >aa iom (x) in anaa pn (x-0.15 -.a ht Tioa onw (a), (>),(*.). 12 .ia nna (a). 10 .aann -no.(3) f (K9).19 .on r>snm (>).16 ,i>n ^Vaya

x/na

101
[a/n> n] xn nai'Vyn n>yan tio^.1 m3pT d'T3 nnpn >iya isasy ipn> [ia>i o'3s >a >y 'a n>>n n>*>n 7i>ymy> 0333 >iyn just n^nna nuon TT>yn ny "noa 03an> [otx>] 'ixn 7*xi n>a niDi Viyn xax id inx>i [n>nna] pis 'ny > inns. ny *no xm n* mix oa nwTTf 7 a [n^nna] 03an> nnpn "noa *dxi 7i>yn " laTTWna T'Vsn arTayr*" "naa nViira* nsop npyn noKi man >y 7"nn xnp3 ' 0 a ynxn y >a ixm >"'T oaan T>y itp>x 'n x'3m laa ixvi.10 T>sn i>x 'as >a t? >B7 7V*>sn >>aa icsan xVn xna T3x >V y3an xi V laa n>yaa n>sn "no 'd D'Tnxai xn >a xn nVapa ? > nn3 '39on napsi 13T nana nana 5 n>sn.15 isx xt >a nnpa nsop x'n unrnV o-np na 7*0333 x>i ipa T>yo oainn omx> nT toi n>na> nsap nonpai

>mn

>mn

Pima

nsnnxn nman no a mmoa nsnnx xn laa nsnnxa nn> Tans us xn nsnnxn 7a >y a >ps nyia n>'>n n>*Vn.20 isnsxi >xm i>an >a'na 03an> n3ixn i3> laa n>nna n>nan 7a x*3 iKan i3xai 7*0333
[ni3T>yn

mma>]

n>yan 7a nxs> 7*>'9na yi^>n3a 7*iy isx inxi nVnna xn > on n3i*>yn > naiwina msa x*n nats'n ia*s>i n3nnxa.25

[n>nna] (x).5 .ion [o-rx>] (x).4 .ion [i3>] (x).2 (>).11 .x'3m -p>y (>).10 .ion [n>nna] (x).6 on 7 > 7*>*sn 9 S > (>).12 .T3 7*Vsn (a)ji3i.aTn rail nnx n>yaa (a)|ysa xn > 'a xn > 7>'Dn >*>aa naoa naoa (an)jnaT naoa nana (a), (xn). 14- ,xt V nr> ,18 .nm*n* nmx 7aipai na 7*0333 (a), (a) ,(x-i).16 .nar .n>*>m on (>).20 .mania* (xs).19 .n3i*>y nm'a> (x)
.ion
x>i

o,n9p :o>nn .5 ,n3 :ona7 .9-10

x/i

:mana

.10

x/na :maT3 .16 a,i :o>p nsa

102

n>sn xm nai>y x>nw mzmpa 0333 is nnx>ii1 mata xnu? nac3E 7io >y naan nni'nV 7 >kt 7>an >nan sann'iip >an innx 13 7nxV 7>ya o>iy>i >3n >y nan>y nemp one; c/xn >ff 1'Vsnn no .i'T7ia x>i .wrpa.5 T>a'nn p'misi n3i>y n>ya 7103 am nns 't an naxs imiynn 7x iaa *ni *n* oe?n no >y hti i>y' xipi ' ao? a] ynx 8jr >.s .ikii
wxTas? j>bii i>xi [iaa wrp naivKi nans ni'via *7 on Diia 'vnoa 7io naT>n narnpn 7io Vy ran xm [Tiaan >a] >.10 nx >a nian nai'Vyn nawnan n>ya

in onwnpa maiasn m>yan naaa'ncmpn >ai tnp nxnpsn on3a> I'kxt onion "irn 7ixn naoa m>yan Va oxn m>ert>namyaon >ai o>a noa Kim. 15 HT133. n3i>yn nVyan -no xne? naina mrnxsi
xn

Vxnw [333 >a maa]

n"a con > it mxa nnmn ip nxnpan ns*a 7io >y Tan ix*a a nni n'3 nens nensm owann nsw xrt >ai o'enpn wip 7io.20 77p >aia n>i>an o7xa nxx' fay xn nxrn D'72ta nx'2t 71dk? nax3 T'axn> i3> o 'a [n'3a nu/] >y maiyn nnn >ain 7ioa ix3Ji o'nsa nxst' nnn mioai xian 'o 7ioa

xn **d>i nainn

mp3 naino

Tixai n2atn oyo:- i'77ia (a). 5 .10333 (a).1 .(3) noiaa p7 xsa3 n'X'sn Vy nT 7ixa...*i3i oi>n [7133 >3 >] (x).10 . 70n [*131 Off 3] (x).8 ,17aX 7103 Dntzmps (x).12 .Ton ,xn txi ? rani? a (a),(>)jx'n in (x).1? ,7ixn nsoa (3i).l4 .rnxxi' iaaa niviipn (xn).13 |>X77' 33 7iaa Va 's>i naion mips (a)l>x7^ 33 >3 7103 .21 .n3 o*wan (3). 20 .naino n7ip3 (a),(>),(37),(33),(xs) (x9),(x7).24 ,n3'3 cw >y (x).23 .>3i'n 7ioa o7sa (>) .o7sa nx2' nnn
a""7.n.

mxa

00.7

nnwi

a,i

:o>p naoa

x/n3 :ni373 .5 >,na jo737 .8 x/7 - x/a : *x 7i71T .9 x,a :mac7 .9-10 x',a :maK7 .19 T>,3' :niaty .24
;

103
[a/n> If]

no -p'sVi D'isa ynxa '" mxas >3.1 Tan ansa nun' i'3y n>>!3 nxm ncnsn ntiavK'ni [iana'Tn *wk] nnn run on no>
ya *a rons ini'an o >w xn rnxa >y ['7"33 x n nanx.i.5 ion nans xnn isaa i>y iffx lmi'sK awm n>n nxsn T>>naa no inT dd> naon iyaa?n yia ox n'm HD3 V>33 >am n^pn fin ma nans x'n] yacmx nni ['a] ixi mx nyan ni'onsn [i>x o'nen ixi mx >>id nn'n pios noi.10 7x3 iy] ini'sn oa? >w ini'an nw 1103 ctxi >r T>'E>n >w ni'Kna yaixn no ini'an ov [noi ni'ens 'i im >'xm na-xn oxi in inv k>i ni'nix ffV > on na '3sa m'mx i a Tn 'yn 0'>'3ffa> jit xin nT nai '3 ~lV> yin Ti'Vyn nnoan o>iyn 1103 on wxns "['Van >>13 [1*0] mxi in' tio3 D'anna Tni'ini.15 xim naan no xn [nannxn] xn mxi isth o>iy no n3i*Vyn oniin >33 nVrVani-napsin nViyn >7 n>sn -pna n^>33 x'm iVa n>>!3 xin ii.mn x> nax inx n33 i>3i pxisw T'>EJn3 '9>i a?xi3 i>3n30 na >sa nnx mx i>'sx iaaa.20 [onn3i] 3M31 n>ya> Q3T>yn oi3in >3a n>i>3. x'n I? >w n>DH3 Taiai XK731 on >nan -|>an nyscaa 'in >>33 o ima>573 omnn >3i xn mx **s>i waa ini'an oc; [no] on T>ann no 3 -j> x>i xnspnp

.mn' ian

no

">

mn'

(3T>.6 .Ton [T'3y] (x).5 .i3i3Tin -wx (3n)|i3i3Tff (x).3 Im'tzns 1>X3 xin ya (x)|ion [a] (x).9 .innsx ionni (?) '" xin yaa (xi) 7103 (>).14 .ion [*i3i 1X3 iy] (x).10 (3),(>),(xs) ,(xn),15 .nnosn Q>iMi'> lnano3 Tm'ini n33 (3)-(>),(x9).18 .ninx (x).16 .Wis mix in' (x) .23 .ion [nnrm] (x).21 .i>3i xn > (.19 .n>sn nos xin I'V'snn (3)f-ion [no] (x).24 .'in 33 d>b?3 ow -(V)
.
;

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104
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*'9>i
oe; -[nan nn ix3> ni o>iya **>sn nnaa.1 "ii"rV isia.3 >xiff 'y^iso [xin] nana nam ipnan dtx 'ircx -|>an ociin T>y nx> iaxy oipa >; intzmps np3i n3v> Kaan no imn> T3in >y T3vn [nai] taia i> nni n>ya> wxi >y.5 msnK DTK? >a nasnn enc73 arwi maxn fayn

mm
...*-3

TiixV D3'xcb d*ttb7 mi ns H3TH omso xxan nc?K D'3*3yi D'nso nsin oin x>n laxm n>ym> x>i n7X onison frnxa o*3io o*am o>iy3 w oOni oix '33 ixnpcoi] mina.15 nsoni [iison mix DTyoi dx3 nmnna nwyam nny k> ktik? nsaxa nax oViy "n nai o>iy w xin nsoai piosn ni nxrn ntmsn is nnnx omso n3in3 ix nx nTa> -|>n 13>i 13> ><? inyT 33aw 3pyn asnnn >m 3i33.m 13x2: nsoV D>iy n nai imx nana? spyi mxans [lay] im*n3.20 ni3xn >3 insa Da>w3 o>n Ton mix >y l>n? [n"y i3'3x spy] nn xV [xassi] syns inx> imxns '3 Tnx >sx mxans nai muss isaa npVff iy >13X> on> i> nnV i*>y >am -p3V nsn nn i3x imxT3 3 nr isxnps ' D>iy n "n nai 103*13 isaa np>i nanys X3. xim inx>.25 [n3'y3] nmsa >pm nmn a xim nans oViy

3> >pa n>i n> 73>n ntz7na ni33> mVxs ons >xsi timsh T3yn n"3 xin snsa? i3yn inai m>pan >y nx >i3'B7 a tx nempn nnnn no '3 "!> yin nm.10 3.1 nn'maiVym on-inoi Dn*m>ya nuw nsoV

3py i> npi

T'^j;

>y n>xew na [rp'l cznTD]

mm3

"m

mm

paw

msm

'iff

nsym

.ion [xin] (x).2 .T>3n.n3a (3) ,(xs) |xnsa (a),(>) ,(3n).1 otn-na iasy (3) ,(3s),(3t) h>an omna isia Tpnan (xn).3 (3). 6 ,i3in >y (3)[tio >y T3y (3)|ion [.nai] (x).5 .l>on na>na nnx T'3^ V'nna rxa (a) noisa .niaiK oiw xT?3...naxn .noxn T3TC1 >y (^),(>)h*n *3H33 xsbs k> nrn p>nn ;T'V'9n nn>ya (a),(V).11 .>3i'to (>).10 .ion [rp'1 flTS] (x).7 .omxa D'3it3i d'dii D'>na a>iy3 w (a),(xs).14 .mnoi 0'inx (A). 18 .11303 ix (*).17 .ion [*i3i ixip3i] (x).15 .ion [n"y i3'3x 3pyi] (x).21 .ion hay] (x).20 ..-niro (x).26 .Tni3i3 (xs).25 '.i> on (>).23 .nass (x).22 .ion [n3'y3j

k/t* :n3n xi .1-2 t>,> :ntfxi3 .7-9 d*,x> :nwxi3 .18 i>-03,n3 :n*K?xi3 .22-23 a-x,T3 :nwxi3 .24-25 t,to :nxi3 .26

105

natni
jxV>

D'piayi D'ni33 0>3 X>X DTK 33 JllSCTO 'S3 D3'XT 0'>3m YP wa>s nnn ysam f3 ensn j'xi '" 03in3i cniy'i >33 ln>K '" 33X 131 [lOy 13] T9'>X>.5 omson imxi nasnn 7ix mswna naan nVyazn n"3pn >w law iTonan "uyai'" "SB~tjV3 Vya imvn moa cnxn to' ibiovd'33 ? io -no3i rmsVn nysai nensn in nwyam -iison imx3 xsa' 'Tx T3b

[mma o3"3yi o'-iido on nasi] n3aa.1 one? fiya isxi na'ann m-ina n>x3 D'om o^ni o>i3 o'3"3yn iVx D>iy "n

[a/TVnl

T3i'y-v inawi nmxan inn ikti nnun T3'y nsnpsm rnnoa iwx xwsnan >na *in nnx a nax'i T39 itx'1.10 xnpsn rn3n "iwx tdos rren*s nwx '93 nwyan oi3 dw yiT i*3y >y [ons[ iaw'13 'nxnpi dits '3TT *t tids mix 'ciisnis 7i0 w-n ral ow9 ons> 10333 nysnx waa law "pays' omson Ties nKn o3"3yn >3 'nsn3 nwi o*n9 i3y

'iron D'wyam.15 n3 *in3n >3 3 nmn> DViy "n xin 13'xw minn V33 nst Txi nax DT3in omx3 poynan dtx> nnn> '73 law mo >>33 nnxi x> 7y iwx Tiaan 3iom X3n D>iyn "n Ti?n3i [iV nsnaV nwy inVir o'n>x] aa >33 o>wn Tonn isy>ir mx'33 i3"nw naV ima'>w >y m'yn nmnnw msxn to *in3i ma^.20 3pyi *3w mix o'tzny Ditt 33 n3in mswnai on [Twawaw] xin an T3'y x>a i3aa pmnn> T3"3y3 tyia on3-rn *'9>i wwm 13'xi D'->y3n 'T 13 n>'>n n>'>n iyia 'ci>it on 13'x dix '33 niswnas omwna '93 min i3i D'3ina msu'nn tiinno 13>.25 mwni nsitan in3i3 nmn xV msxn ia -insia Tonm

mim

mim

wx

cxm

.'S3 o'T3-rn Txi (a), (>).(xs) .3.">on [*i3i nasi] (x).1 71031 (>).7 ."ion [iwy 73] (x)|na3nn tto >33 (a),(xs).5 (xs).10 .D'ni'yn moa (>;|o'>>33 *n' lac? (xs)|a'33 maw (x).12 .nyan -pn3 oty (>),(x9).11 .'39> >Tran in 4 .non [ons] [ i3i D'n>x] (x).18 .'n' law 1103 33 (>).17 (x).22 .on xinw T>y (xs).20 .non (X9)|i'wawaac7 .nV'Vni on (>)|on i3'xw (>).24 .T'^anwa

106

[x/n> tt] '33 paenmz? nuin omx>.1 n*nay> Ton msiai dix i>w TKW na nnp>i naixa TianV x>i n^a V-tcwd n*n x>i n" 3 xm an nay* x>x oi>a [ny] Kin n>>>m xVx >iy np^ai >iy3 Vsn sin o>iyn ht> "paa n'nn) dxt nsiaxn dtp np> *nv *n' 1x1133 o> lainoa n'nu?.5 di>vi on nn x> nvvan mix Kin iai >*Kin<z? naxn -- iTTaf>.~rrti""> am n nax Traon i en x t n n new an k> k o'^yan oniKai naiaKn oipi *ni *n? kit an mi ay >nana '3'K D'a^'aync s"yKi np' Koa *y oannsi dkt Tffya np>tf mraan T3y *a '[i> .snrl "I* Ta tn>a> l?ia.10 Tanpn noa i3a> 'line? naio nwn nVns nnn inaain sit naa xa iwyi n"a x-nan mi3y x'nrc aa VrcsV -pixm aa naann noa yiT n*n apyi tbaa xn ix-in nTiaan y&n imxa t*T3 nnp>i nr ->wan no TaaV n?'nn>i ixti3> T3y> n>axn nmx T320.15 moan Ton nin nanm 7*1:273 i^apn'c; niasnpn ITT 's> nansa ixa Van onan oyiaa D'3'yn >ya xxa> >ain x> 'a nai'yTi isia. >ay3 snn Vxi riaxn Damn >ni nan i3'y .V>a ox *nViT on>x ysn i>ap [tjt] ixsa nsaff o'avinn nmx x>i.20 o'-inon *paya >na oan x>x naann t is*t dt.w ixxai D'aann omx ana innn x>i iyr x> -io?x D3T>yn D'Twn. [.3wj omxi rnanan T'^v T^i nT Tira on3ya a/xn T3y >a xin T,xaa a iV yin iax> 3'npnrc TDn Tayi Tai^n Vip "payi in*. [iaO oViyn >a? n30>n.25

una

nsv

(>),(as),(xs),(aT).4 .Ton [nwy] (x).3 .7mx> 3iom (a).i

(*),(>), (as), (x9),(a-i). 9 .noia nn xmaa a Van xmizr 13T naa (>),(an).12 .Ton h> y-rn] (x).10 ,iT>yn3l nandx a (a). 18 .moan nona (>).16 ,yi7 T3T naa (xs)|nnx naa ixsa (x).20 .ox *n>iT *n>x ysn *n>iT (x).19 .>am nan di (>).21 ,i>ap T3T vxsa> (>)|noa n3au? (x3)|i>ap Vna spy anpn^ (3-1). 24 .non [aw] (x;.23 .lays .1173 D>iyn (X).25 .T3XT?

nv

o.Ta :n*.vxTJ .23

107

[a/nV*n]

'-nssn Di' i'3yi xanV 7s n:s> "l>inn ntapon.1 j3sn *"> oa.Tp3ri D'Tyun *3n Tnuaipmisyi na>inn n'riaoa i'3s rnasx *iax 3 >T*KT'y> nnann nxniff iy i3iy3 y*>ai -na'30 iia'apn isna iy T3sV >3 l>im iay'K'3 na*xx 'ski i3cni3y> iV 'rw 'taTV.5 imx>- oin ims: as? n-y >xn> ia3 3io y,>a oi*n mix ^- 3 -^r"Tvy in-nirTnr-3-n3r*T-3>3>->Knw i3'Vnff [axyn] i-ym >x-wi myw oi'a "rnxi -mx >3 mso mwy> Kxon'Vani nni30 yo3 3pyi inn iy o'-iissn D'3"3yn i>'nTnw 9"yxi n3'cu n3*n mxs ciik ncnssJO nnV 03 3n ty o>m -non T=>"r> ^ y nay> >3in x> n>xn ->33 onn o>wn i33x 3py '3 nyr> i> k?'i onsn xaina tony nm o>iyn '3 nxn irmns i3"3y o'inm o>3 o'^yan >3i ni'inn >3i n>ya >ff nxne? n3 n>ya> n3i*>y xaan amn> ntn o>iy3.15 np'yn >a t van i3"3yi i'3X pnx'i amsx f3y ]i3 n3T>y Kami ynxs yn' np*y on '3 naxm iipy Vk? mytzm lay i3X mnxi inx iy> nx-iw omx3 c?aa ix*ii3 misys >iwm np'ym naxn 7' nwy iaxy> x> 3pyi nay nw *ix D'ffyan] [amxs ffaa isms cni3?> nx 3 'i p-Tsm naxn inn >y nsiaxs ip>n >D3 o*a?yan.20 msxn iti l>3p nnaxn nasnn np'y 3 nyr> t> n*naxn n33m nnvni n3i33n nVspn Dn'-i'ni mi3y3 in>3 >33 >in3 i3s>>i a>i3a nm* 3pyi nn oViyn '3"3? noi o'^yan omx3 n"3 ixni3 xaa.n noa ia'p> [nwy npx] nt&yas i>n >3n.25 T'3y *noi n*3i>y

cm'

iaT> (a). 5 ,>TXTy> T>mn (>).3 .i'ni33np misys (xs).2 .7 .733 3iD -|>a (>).6 ,i> c?*w nas iaT> (>)h> ww nas iv (>).9 .i3m> xinn oi>3 Ty 3ff'i (x)|-ion [Daryn] (x) .16 .onn o>wn ionn spy (V),(3s),(xD),(3n).12 .ann di [*i3i D'^yanl (x)l>7n3i (xs),<3n).19 .np'vn >y yv (xs) i3'ni3X ni>3p (>)|T'S'"n' i*ni ni3xn 1>3p (xs).21 .non .ion [ny ictx] (x)|t"3t (>),(xs).25 .Tti' thi
;

n-T,TD :xnpi .2 X3,3V :ci'wxn3 .3

io,a!?

:nffxn3

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To,aV :nwxi3 .7 T-io,n :nan3 .8 t,3> :nKT3 .9

108

[x/oV p]

oMrwm pnx ism dhidk 7sn nwx nnxari.1 xV iK miK'a Tsn ox nmna i3> nai i>x o3*3ya yi7 T3ya [ona i>"rntffm nsn D'3s >d >y] x>x nan D>ny nan nwx nwya inna xaan] oxma> -nay>i omxa [ixma miaya >-rnm apy* ia ox-na nanx> m>xy x>a omwy> mnnaai oyan
T3"3yi
inx I'jya iriaHyn 3a'y"ipn>i,5 ia>a apy i*3y n"a ana nr T3ya >xiw* ocny Tn] onp oyan omxa r^yn' 0*737 >y la'Kv.vDiK. i>'9X nxnsn sa nmn n3ian x>a>xe? oyan amx ama> >7n7 x>n -ma x> inyia d>b' ny7m rmasrr nnayn no imxTa *n xin Vax onn D3"3y 7io> [one? Dyan omxa na>n n>i73, n3iax> 13> D3C131 DtiiK ' na opiay D'nnoj ma? ana moT> xan oViyn *n>i naa n?n3i mxaa i3nw.10 np'i [piOQn] i'3? apy i> [jiam ti>i n> nsa> >pa] n? i'3ya nu/yan a ijots nwxa xim nax 121m >"t i3mn one? o'3'3yn omx -|e/onV7a many thb? TTaim nui'ami i3y xin 7iom 073.33 n>y-a>. T^an> nmn nsian a o*aViy maai 73aa itpystz? nt&yan imxai naian nmxa noa> ysnni iiann.15 ip>m nsiaxn 7io iaxy> i^ np> ixaa apy i> np'i naaV Vpa pa*rn> i> *iK7n oipaa p37n> D-nai D'nVxV ok? n'ncir 7x wxin ma noa 7io* n> 7103 naxiwn na nnac; xim? "ja>m n>n 7ioa Dam 73V Tit* xipan xim ia*n.20 n>i ]a> no xin a ima Tioa in>yaa ia naa i>2ja n?x innxn on nx>a> Dmaa d'Vi>s om iVin xin new [oipa] >aa 7>an in iw> -raiy i3fiy omaxi 3.a> a 37xV *" dix3 'ax 7io pnac Tax 7ns xin [ti>i] laipao tt x>i iana.25
n>'kaiop>ri yi"o*>i

moi

>m

onmn

mam

na'ns nnn 13> na 'a (>).2 .nnxaa T>->iy (>)i(3t).1 (x)|i3ya i>7nn x>x (x).3 .nnxa nsn (V).(a9) |aina> .xman nay> (xs)|mwy> nnaai (x9).4 .Ton [ iai xbjut] ,(x9).(a7).9 .ion ['iai i'n n^x] (x).7 .nT i'3y Vyi (>).6 .Ton [ iai >pa] (x)|non [piosn] (x).10 ,na> inna (>),(as)) >33 (>),(aT)|ona >aa (x).23 .i>niii (xs),(an).17 tt x>i TaT3 dw (>).25 .onxV '" oyi3 (xs).24 .maipa .'i3i xin n>i laipaa tt (x)j'iai ti>i laipaa

min

n,ia :o&

aa. n

109

ditk

nmia.1 s pu inn nVw 71113 nonx K*n73^ aiian >>33i miK3 m>i>D nnan m'n3 nVm Dn3<& V>d Kin tioti iTa it m>i>3 tiunam 3pyi ni>*na pVnV nrai nTa cnsyn *3<ff3 miKn

[3/o> n]

nxpn in ni3a Kin '3 [nm o*i3yn] 3ff> Kin. nc^yaa] 9 K7 9 >n Toxarr tto Kim nxpn >k yi3a Kin >y [na?Ki3 D'ayD *3 310 3 iaK31 Dni3T Dn>K 3313 D'H33 oiiki 73> i3iia '3 iiany Kips Kim oc/n '3s> [onV] [o'>Kmw] msxn 7a insia apy'i D'nxn ?3<zn >>13 .i33ian no Kin 73 >yi n3n3 nsiaKm naKn no. 10 inKi n>w onw n3ioKn no d s"yKi 7a*n 1103 oV3 in'w ni33> m>ats ons >2si nasaai man ma [n3i33n] man Kin 3 nsa> nniK nn 73>n "nama nai3>n .13 i'n3n> miVa. man. 15 x'n 73 >yi o'pna oViyn 7'K nn>3 '3 o>iyn cik Tan n>i3 noai nVya o'xissn >3 o*pai o>iyn nanans nnn iwks msisna Vy o^'ipa o>iyn 7*33 mn> ni3Kn imia n'.nz? i3'3X spy *9>i mK n3aK3 noi. nsiaKn niaftzn 73i3> >inrcn n33ian na'>7 nn's maViyn in'> nTrroVisra Q'i3in.2Q nnaxn nsaKn Di*p3 in>n3i ip>n m*n>i 'K2ia> ia?i on3i3na Vy 7133 oyia Tai3 i3in -]*? '3 l> nn DID DTI JTO 7'3y 110 . nyi nasnn mx>93 onsa -703 3n3 Di3i ooyia o'TiDi3 o3"3yn pin >y nay> >3in.25

nm>

nam

nm

(k).5 ,i3>nii pVn> (ks).4 .mian m>i*3 om'nV (3s).2 (k).7 .ion [n'Ki3 n^yas] (k).6 .Kin '3 *ai> pnx> Di3yn .Di>ne? (a)lo*-ivnv (k).9 .ion [nn>] (k).8 ,o'n>K 0313 .nniK Knnw (>).14 .n3i33 nn*n (>)jion [n3i33n] (k).13 (>).20 ,n3i>yn n33ian (33). 19 .>a o"p>i o>iyn (>).16 ,oi'p3 iVnai ip>n (a),(>),(3s).21 ,D'a>iyn n3iaK in>> .o'3"3yn i3in >y (3). 25 .insisna >y (ks),(3i).22

3',k :o

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T>,>
:n'7KT3

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110

la? ran> Vain oyia tmai d'sii d'31o D^in.1 npyn -no >y "nay> >3in dk oyio raT3 "n'ya *3xi Vijw'*n Kin 13> Tn3 nan roam 1102 naxn T3ya mry tsos nax *rio T'3y3 nVn'a minn 73.33 3o -in >yi '3 minn. lanp na nxi 'aixi 1133 ru nnn nVipKra ia>a [on>] riynn n>is minn Vs

O/B

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mv

nVipzrc? -raVa inT nxi y-ixT\ ix-ii i3> rifTsys Ta.y 13 >yi >xiw ytx >3 73,33 inn ntin

[>3i

minnO *3i mows o*33n Dnai -ii3T3 m33-w *3 nsp3> ma^i tstV -ii3T iiBsn ii3T3 [o33] o>3 ni3tan.15 v i oip > nawn o i 1 ox nat narcn 1 1 o n t "p 3 y 3 osaxi nsp3> maen narV na? naen oi ok maw *axw na nyn> >3in nam tttss >3 inx -no >3n 3 nai ma nna 03> xn ip d n3?n ok omaen [mipsn] oya nm x'n mipsn no xin '3 >y.20 o'3"3yn iDsn owai n3T>yn mipsn xnw [n'3eman] nsnnxn mips xn naaman iio iv omioa T103 mays n'oiVax i3 x*m onpn nn3 -no lina i*33n [n>nnn] x>ncr n'yxax rmpan mipsn iina n>iT insisna >y 33io Viay fx 3 T?i3.yn.25
;.

.no ii>3i o3"3y na-ina oKnsa tf nsem ni3TX3 n3ia '3x i*3yn T3in >y TTayn> >T3 *3xi on3-r.10 k>3 ti7> Txip3i o3T 03 ny#3 [nms:j 7i7>3 nmn3 oysi T3T iic?>3 oys xxan natzrn f'3y [>>3] ni3'TX nuan >3i minn >3 no T'3y3 nsp3 n>3

_-

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,(39),(xs),(3n).2 .>na i*3y (xs)h3T iina n3T (3),(3i).1 in >yi (a). 5 .minn >3 13.33 (>).4 .rmya '33m (3),(V) ,n'Vi3 3o in Vyi (aD)|naff nxi '1031 onay i3i> n>3.3 3o .9 .T"Kn nx ixn i3> T3y3 (>J.7 ."ion [n>] (x).6 Vy (3).10 .nsnn n3 T'^Tsa (a) li>3 (x).11 ,T3yn i3in (x).14 .non [3] (x).12 ,n> Tixpai (>) ,(3t) omo ,n3p3n oya (x).20 .non [d33] (x).15 .ion |>3i minn] omn33 (39)|n3innxn nai*>yn (>).22 .ni37nan (x).21 n>n3n (x).24 .maiy n'oi>3ix (3).(>),(3s) .23 .tv Dnmosi lin3 nViT (3),(>),(3s),(3t3.25 .1103 T33n (a),(xs) .niipsn

now

To,n3 :n3T ma .3-^ T-a',D :nan3 .5-6 x,3 :ywin' .7 3/a> :n3 .14-17 x> :nniT 3ipn ;

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.19

Ill
[a/a' "HO nainai >ia.yn >>m xn "wk nyjaxn.1 xn 5p'ym [insisna >y >3n n33] maiyn mipaniio K'n is na n5aiyn mpsn D'say iee7sn o^ai T33n nVnnn xm ysaxs nx1 nK.np'3 rmpan x'm an55x >33 noa> I5ax3 errp * > nnnn nx5p3n o>iy >7 in>n.5 -5-ro >y .i[-54 on-iJ.3j;3-3 nonn ia5n n>n os'inony n'uxi 5ipy> T33H D5ip3 n> 0333 ' [nai a] n>>na *ax3 ht osaxi nai' ma n3"3y >3av n3ipn >3a 535.0110 pios>3 *K3.[yaw] o'ays *a 513.3 on- ninan? *a *3 ['y3 DT3 ni3U7i 'y3o?n dtd] on>x >3i10 y3n dt nx D'n>x i53'i 3 i> y5m ]3yn >"t o'asn nox 5331 tnpari [nsw in] en nav 'an i>x.12

nmx

5nx "p non B0j?03 n5yn nysin 1x3] [-/xa >oi3an "ps xjraa non p>nn

mman

[-/*a p] X5pan 5io xim >i5in nsen oin n3en xn307 *>ya5 n3.9 5io> 'y3 xin 5nxv 5nx >3i omsan dt 510 xsn oViy.10 n5ip3n [510] xn xci3 >yo5 nsu? y38? X5p3i i3naK 5G7K ^3&nan jio 5nan Dya nn nsoins matzrcn nsssno/n nnVwaasi [mxxi'i] 75ya xxi'n 5io T3y >yi enpn ay ew5 >y nin D>iy3 mmisi ni55ii n5iyo >y n>i5a, nnnixi nsm [ aTB7n>.]"*w nT oya xsn >3> xnn n>>n li'Vy nanas nia&/>i >'a> >X5C7 n>X3 pVn i> w*w mix 5p y5T.15 m?i na'Vrc nax nsiax Taxn> or* o3s >3 >y '3 n>>n im'xa wip ynr> a>iy> n55T mn naarai nn nsoine? nyi5v nmxsi on>y nni3 nnn nnix 7xc? nsiaxn c?3xa c/'x ixi nvtt'nvpn n5i3yn iai imai isacya Krrpn oy> n3' nnn n>aa 'n' in3 x> n*'>n nT3 oin vipnav ny/3i n3 53iy.20 X03 1358X 5K/X i55ip3i5 510 Xim 153> *' H>1T 0*>B71 587 OlffV Vy n5aiy x'm n>y "jsin 5133m [n>yan] 5101 n>B7aan ai5op oic7 x>3 m>/3 ma>iyn >3i nnsxa e?5p ynr '[nnnava] nni3a3i opc/ns m>B73 on D3na,3tt7 a">vvn i>sxi 75 oiw' Va
[5ion i3y3](x).6 ,o93yn (3),(>).3 .non [*i3i nia0(K).l

ny3B7 o'3 (x).10 .n'y'3 (x).9 .5on [nai' ma](x).7 .Ton (x).11 ,D5i93n dt 550 (a) .10 .ion [n3C7 in](x;.12 .i53i ,5on ['? 3iB7n>](x).14 .5on [mxxi'i ](x),12 ,5on [510] .16 (x),23 .n>waan (x;.22 .n>B?aa tx (>).20 .n>>n nmxa (a) .057i m>;a 3ie/ (a).|apvn mVe/a D307' (>).24 .nn>e?aa
'

xo :5niT 3ipn

a/na -

112
i

[(-jttan) -Vxa *n] yis tki tow 7xi n>Ena nVyan no a.25 >ana x>n *i x>i vt Vyi noaVi n^>ya> nams xn iTn n>yam n"3n n>iT 7133m naxn itt hv. Di>a/ nsio n>yan- it nxij?3 73 i3>nn' nawna 133 x>i i?t x> ipx Dyion ornx 3 >x-i iay naic? nTn n>>3 Taixm

[a/a

ni3

oopon neran]
[a/a n] oyio oan ny>.13 73ni3i nsiaxn
.

in
310
xVrt

ia npn oy> oyoai

cm'

>xnar naiaKa Tiyiai inon i>'3t/' x>M3'3' k> nc/K oyn nx

cyoan o3Tn>.15
alow
'axi

D3K [nwxa]

T>a ikst

x>i

xt a inmae; >ysna o^aKTn -pro x*i iiK'.nan.hmi "pm Txxn ]aT >a

jxxn laT >3 7x2 ny*-i>

Titf'-in'c? on> >u?a >"t oa3n

Taiaa an>y >>snn> -pnx i3'xi.20 *a? Va ia itn*av'>y D'lfrV *ai> 8xn oaxT> man "jn3 yisrcn 7x22 on >xiffi l?S2?n oViyn maix >y D'3iaa>i >y snn> ttx on33 n"a Dipa > irpyna na no3 33r 71*3 on> pTn> i>dt x>w invau n"3pm onV^aa 7a [o*Tay'n&] o>i3 dth enpi.25

xn nxrn nVyam ii3> ' (3) Inoai n>ya nuns (>).26 3io x>n (V).14 .oyio dh ny> (3). 13 .noai n>ya nuns x> nc7K3 (>)-|iyr x> (3)j-i?x3 (x).16 ,o3Tn> >x-iV *i3i 7a D'T3iya d>13 (x).25 .maixn >3 Vy (3). 22 ,iy-r

Vin

DT3

3/na - x/na :'x nniT .25 n3w> n3ny >k? n>an 27 nnsai n-irnz7 \>v n>sn .29

115
[x/xa rr] X03 >y np 3.1 nnn tna>in >a >txi i Vy n733 Dn>y nssm m>?n nsioi is33 nnn ixxni mi'B 13 x>a>x invai? >y 9nn> -pis txi i>na D"ivhv mini nD>iff n>yan ix '3T i3Vy ma']w kt i3'x xm 13e>Vi n"a xm xVi an^waa > dh.5 S un nax piosa V"t na3n inatcv na T3y3 noma bi>w naio d3s >d >y *3 tk.dk -laanpa n'T nnn Dm snpn yrit [V*rw] nsaa ['m] i3'>y m>w naio snisn nalV w 73 >yi ana73 di? >3 11331 naxa i3>y nwns. xntz? nsion nax> T3.10 nsiaxn mp inn d3s >3 >y 'xm x>x V>3 npso nyt> 13V U7 nrn "pyn *s>3 I 3 ,io:n d^i* 3 nnix nax> D3'na3 [nyenn] isnj yiarcn a' >3 '3 n>an axVai inytzn T3. > m t i3iyTinc? na 93 wx m>paa Dmxn?noa >yi aao amai w>wa [piosa] > m t D*aan 'ax ntn 1'jyn tio;15 nnaai i3*m >y lain 'x 'inai Vxiw maaa n> Vyi [mV'Va insa inn D3.ma > ninsa nax] m>Va xim onaix isx nT nany n>sna xim o>iya *ixa Tine? '3sa 1T3 D3n'a V n3T Tin Ownoini oin *rpi n3ff 03330? Tim T3>3 mpan n>ya no x>x [iio>?] T'xi iaipaa.20 xim 'aix i'x [i3s>i] nm:a on> wi o*pann 7a p>noa tx ntai >a> nnisa insi insn xa nas '3 in>ya ytin [D'p'ixm] ma>iyn >3? iaip3 isixa, V*t naxi rn^Bi open nmsaa on Dsrnni xim naixn >3i!7.25 x> Tin mia naeo

Haw

m::

"

mm

mm

mm

mm

.ion

[*i3i] (x).9 .ant?' (x).8 ,kt xin i3*a>i (>),(as>.5 [oyenn] (x).13 .nfn i3yn 'S3 (xa).12 ,>>3 p'so (>).11 (a). 19 ."on [*i3i nax] (x).17 .in [pioss] (x).15 .ton ,(x3),(aT).22 .non [i3s>i] (x).21 .iai> (x).20 .0333un [o'p'ism] (x)|in>ya y*rn (a,),(xs).23 .nnisa ini3i (a),(V) .T'inc? xma (xj).25 .opn (xs).24 .non

x/m

x/ny j'k.iiiit t,t :ma& .6-7 na >C7 n'3Ty >rc n>sn .9 a/op :niaa' .14 T,a sd'tpii m .15-16 n,a. :d .16 n,x :nan n'^xna ; a/no n'Trnso .19-20 x/ap,33 :'nan xnpos ; js Hiy
:*3 ow
;

imo

114

TpVnoa ni3iVy m>aa o>iy3 a*39 m3 dt3T>i m>c7aa 73c; >3 X3 3 '33>a nso? 3iy o>iyn 7a *aix i3s>i 3*onT? x>i inn ? o3iaa ni3ixn mao in ma73 n3C7 3iy3 -pisan ' nx 13T3.15
1

X3 i3x ittkhi p>no3.1 tsts iVxs >i333 nna imai n? nai nwiytf o>iyn nn >a> noa yiia imn> dtk> i>iiok 13'9>i ma>iyn s naxi e?aa nsiaxn iio inT 3 oi>3 naiaxn.5 *t nnna oanaa o3iaa nm^v yi3G?n a >3 DTia si nan 'a ix xnps *3 irnwa xnps 'x nail nmz7* x>i 13 w? oim xim *aix isx isk 3wn> nsnrn nnB?a xnp3n mis 1133 nan 7133 man >3 ?* x>i xnpsn -ra33.10 m'yn> d'ixt i3x ix nswn no333 7'pVnoaw 71*31

maViyn >3> nmsa imsi

>y no>nz? n3iax -no

7xk?

vmai

ni3c?a3i
DiKt? 3sai
4

nmi nnn'

na3
V3 >y

nmxs

nawsn
nawsn

nmx

b?xt >y n>ya>a i3i3n> nart> 13> * narca na noyna na tioa 7>nna i3xe? 73y3 wan

ax

ntffx

anipn oy

mien mnn na3i n >3 na3 'aixi na7>.20 3s& >x-wa D'p'-rxn Dm n xnp3 a

nmx

i>y nnsrt ixin n xnp3 p'-rxner -noa i372T> na^V T>nna 13X 73 Vyi nax 7'3y3 n xm7 a >y nnm na3n y*r'in 73 m33i [max tio >y] >"t na3n.25 nn 3 9a n x 73

nmx

(>),(xs).11

.xnpsn (>).7 ."no x*n it >3 (>),(xs).5 .Ton [nax -no >y] (x).25 .nsc? 0333373
3/T3 :'x in it .6 x/nap :o ; 3/n :*x in it .7 >in di'd n'sny > n>sn .8 x/to ;nx3 .16 dii D3C73 n"ino? > n>sn .20 3,13 : '3 >xiae? .25

31 d

115

13K is '3 9231 nnn Tan i'>y aiK oln ma no>T? mn3 mn nsw n >3 naw3 ht >d oyi Kin Vam oin man n>V33 n>>n ma nn'073 n>*>n n>ya Vy m.n xn ni*n nVyai row rnK >3nu? s n yx ni3i>>y [m>ya3 oin] m>m mn3wm.5 oin >2tx nT?'>n i3yi inx qt Van oini n>*>n '3 in'3 onwsi nair 13 oy nsmV no333nn>3n v3y3 'aix V't *ni3n in I3s>i inx T3?i mK no Kin >sn n>3n inaau; 'as n>3 ['xia] oin anpi nswn no333s on'tcKi 3'so >on [n33j nn'n otsi nsm> 03sn>.10 13121' *" '39> niKsci ni'ssi 'sx mays cieiya ni'n> 1'nVK *??> nriK amp ay '3 *bk 7'3y3 s?np ay >kib/' ca'n >sa m3ia Kin nm oi'n '" ins isi nysan noa V>ne?ai m'na >snw '3sa mVsn 'a oi'n nos on i3's>i inK n>B/Vff3 n>nan.15 nanipm nn'n xmw nsiaxn Tin' 1103 [min'na] nn'n Kin '" ppp nenipn inK no '" i3'n>K 13k jit fsys inK Tin'3 >sn in'nn> m>9n 'a Teny >sn o'in'na 13K n'W>3 is's>i inK 1103 inK inx 'ia >kie?'s lays 'ai inK iai inK nnK iai>.20 iiD3 oin'nn'S' mVsn 'a 1133 inK a'ays tff> nns mn"na oi'n cnpn'KO n>'>n mai inx >nin n3K? inK Vsn ni'ns on^i ips nanpnai >sn nK o'pai Vsn hk Tayan Kin oaViy nni3a Kin nsam Kim >sn dk yss?ai.25
n xnpa i?"rs.1

nu:

[k/3 n]

"

K3 oi'n (k).9 .nsnn oy (3),(>),(3d),(k9),(3i).7 .rn>ya (3). 12 .ion [nssc;] (k).10 .T'naat? kiis oi'n (3S>|n>3 (as)lnnoi'a (k).16 ,inx n>>?3 (3s),(ks).15 .""? * .D'aViy 'n> nnisa (3). 25 .^kib?' lays (3). 20 .nn K'nc?

niVom (k).5 ,n>>n

ma

>y

m*n*

(a). 4

.nos

13 (s).1

i',td :mao .1o n,n3 :ny .11 3,T :DT3"T o12-13 3/3p t^os ni'3a iso .1? 13, t s*3 VKia .20

116
[a/so ep] nnisa nt 7'xi xsn o>iyn 1103] msi'Vyn mawan nni3a.1 span maa-ii m>ya -no 'sa [ni3T>yn mown nnisa 'n>iT mauonff inx> mDT in msff3.li msian 7a m>>3 na dd nan imx3 aaiyi nnisa on> w 'rx ni"i3i >'xm -rnx fay no I'Vx m>a> > ff'i isnaxrc ix o'3T>yn D'asnn ra i> y*rn nr. un'93 13x1.5 D'Viyn nnoa'anisan marcn '>ya nnn an'Vy nn3 7103 o'cnss Drii'ni t?n tnias nax>a >3 >y nana '3'oa ib?x naiasn n>apn D3 nsiaxn 'am rpa3sn naann n>ya '93 7n'-iroi ni'mxn no iwts na o'ni'n omx n*>yn '33 ovn an D'oyia ntfx.10 M 7io in<57 naann [iiik>s man3 M a >n] omx >y 'ax on'13-r lira naxi o3T>y D'XBn 3 a in ni'mx a"ai mi'so nyn mx xm i3im T>a o^natn >a n>iys [mx] x'n n'3 noa 'a 7 3 msnnna Kim naann nmy i>k [mxs] maisna Vy nan. 15 o*i>i3n >a> 3K a"x T>in> laia "> nK ^ D'innan o?a nys3 n3n mx '3 7.3 um nwysi m>i'i mysax 713 nix nay msnmi M n>iys 7>aa n'3 mx '3 7 3 m>inn 'in [m'mx>] nni'na >na -no [ni'mxn] >33 w nnso >yi 3 mx n>iys.20 X3.n o>iy3 n>yisi 7na no333i 7*133 nnisa xxa> nxxia x'n ni'mxn n33 .run o>iy3i 033'> 'ixin mix isms 7ai<zm dtx> nm oVnya ni'mx 7'3 00333 x'n -|>an >3'na ry nVyim natpan >>wn> D'naa '3 00333 n"p "poy nyaarc nauam owV iun noasa nap xin 'Txi ^iian 7a. 25 (xs).l (x).11 .nmx o'yn' (3).10.n3iaxn '3nn Vy o'ens>a (3).7-8 (3),(>)hi03 (x).14 .non [mx] (x).13 .nasnn ms'ns omx .18 .7i3n mx (3). 17 .mnVisn (s), (,(*>). 15 .nwa *|>x ,O),(xs).20 .*> mxn (x).19 .nmnVms (xs)|'nn onix> (x) .nnisa ViyaV nxsia (3) ,(a) .(V).21 ,71'Vyn o>iy3 (S).(O
.o'aiisxnn o'aan (3). 5 .Ton

[*i3i

moa] (x)|ma?3n

.np

nm>

(a)

(3B),(KB),(3i)-24 .ni'mxn 13-(3).23 .na nan (3). 25

117

yan> n"B7 miKPin m'mxn >tx o nosonsi ma3n m3a> Ti>yn ns) naem nto a >iysai m>a may txi na Kin oe? anai omDi naa >am nxatas n>iys px nxVm.5 i>a*na npaVi ' oyiaa mrn> cuaia x*n tx naersn >*nnn >nan non ht >yi *a EI1K3 >iya> ixx' owa m>iysn >ai n'ffxna nwyaa 'rmnnw naann [mxVs mams] a">n T3ya mmix na -noa oio ia >yi ina n>>aa xm.10 a">a *> xm [im naann mama] 710 '9>v [i3Tax?] na 'sa aa dt> naa? o ma wi> >am n>xn o'Tatn i3-niynns7 na sa yaa/n na.xn nr >y > iae? [no] Kim nac?n mo xm Tnn nT >y xin iyian fsyi i3Tanw laa waa n"apn.15 [nyimn] man nannna D'93yn Vai na>w mn'a >an in"nm nnan nxa 'ocnw oipaa nann naVw mna Van Dai maxn Wan mo inn *ta"3y 5yi i3sx >y a moa nnx T3y 1* n '33m nam on oBmsn.20 oiw nasn >y mayn 'la n3n wxt mayV >aim ma ym iya> mm*r> "pm di xin nT amy *xa >a "mvm axna n"ya maxn lamn >y omyw 'aa i> p>nxi ina *3aa [n"a] T3S>> I'naiy o>iwn TinT'sya 'a s?aa aim i3ya xm 'x nywn.25

'n

pa

no333i

man

[x/aa n] n> e?pa> [n>yiE>] 'a. ma n>iy.1

mma

mmn

mmn

mom

mm

mma mm>

Vmnn (a),(>).? .nmsa rcpa> (>')|>sna (x).1 (x).10 .a>9 ama (x).9 .oa m mnya (a) mon (>).13 .mom ismiynm laTaxrc na (a)|naxe/ (x) (a)|>y xm aio oi' mo (xs).15 .ion [mo] (x).14 ,maxn .nawn mnaw nx oyoi i3Ta-ia? (a)|aio dt mo .on .isran
.8 .11

.mma
.xmi

'a na

,T3"3y >ai i3sx >a (>).19 .nysan (x).16 .naxn lam ^^ (aT)|'ina mxa (a),(xs).23 .nann aDTsn ,'3E?n iycm (xs).25 .pVna 33m (a),(>),(as),(xs) ,(an).24
(as),(x9).20
T,T3 SD'Vntl .6 a/a - x/a :*x nnu .8 x/n :n3n wxi .23

118

[s/aa *p]

laiyn VTXTy no anopan iamn i'3ya *a oi'n imx3.1 naaw s"yxi D'msan di31 n3m xn3 ion? n"3pn a nytV 1> * *K nwn nnx oipas 'nTan S3 ion 's> iK'sam tt3> ia>.i.y xns mx*aa x'Jtan n3i>yn nsoman wxTar [isnax] iffx.5 Trios DVyan iiaipn nnon nn Tin -noa lixn oixn nx nwyi o>iyn xnsi 11x3 ejoyna narx ny ia3 no'33m r?3i*>yn n-iix3 m33i3i 'naxn nwia.n ninai noa >b? o'xxasn >a >y mi'Vy naan iVnani -t3-i pna i ims nn> 033'V nan -ml* Dannnv.10 nnssi [iwi] naan niwn a*3ns b?kt [n] *33ya ninszrVi maaoi Tsnsi Vni3a xa* ym> -wx iv [i73-r] pnas ri-nVinn >3 ipsins Dai n>n33 xx'i DY>wa 0333 n>a 13 >yi T3 rm> Taawai naw kV3 in [mixna] oia *ni, 'n ixiia 3s> Tia 0333.15 nawn raxn Kinw '3a >3;> Ti3 Tyon nac?a Kin n"3pm nnn> Tin dt oi*m pnat 9 ins Kipsn nani man -mynna D>iyn Vx Tin mix 1103 laiy nsn otya *3 no [>31Xn tio] kth y?an inn ny-*3wn nian nxipsn. >ys> jit i3"ayi ti X03.20 k-113 nan naann naa>nw-Di isan niV [xoss] 'axe? >"t *i3n naxa nssVn n'oanaw o>iy> iaxn xV x>m 13 n'osna inT 13 xosna n33>n wrn.nT x naxi iaT -i.cn xa X3 yawn annn oi xin *riom n3crn vxi 'nr aipn nna >y "|snn n>nyn -no mna naxn naim.25
-

min

no
4

(3). 6 ,7ioa iniK'xa (xs).5-6 .Tax (*0.5 hi nan Tinx o'xxasn >3 (.9 .naxs inai n^iss (a).8 (k).11 .oaanV xxt (3). 10 .innx oX3n >3 (3) -ion (un (3)|nu7x iv pna3 (an)l'inwa (x).12 ,nns3i wm.naan (x) '39> xTia3oa iayi (a). 15 .mixa (x).14 .iiasn yin> (a) .22- .no33 (x).21 .110 >3ix nsn.(x).18 .nr ma ixnis .25 .c/Tinn iaix 'in 13 xosna (3),(3n).23 .o>iya 13'^ .m*na xin nnx natm (3)

.n>iyn

naipn

>

x,t>

:'>a?a

3/13 TT3 T'y .3 3>,3^ :onai .11 ; 3/' - x/a :myi3 .21

119
[k/tb *n] ni'ns o'aViyn >a > Ti^i dt Kin *tx mix noaai.l nnsn o?iym o>iyn 33 >3 >y *naoi?n Tin ysim man D'393 i>am D>sn nrcya >3 Vy 7*yn> o'snsa >aa noana naiVs >3 >y o*an>i natt>n> ona n33>na> no mti myai wk >yis.5 13 ri'osna nnsn iiaoV ioiyi naiw yinsa nVnyni Tin laiyn ti na nnao iniK> "jna mt/i V"t 'man naKi 7t i> 13'3'w iy im n'3 >y nnsn iiao> ian on'397 nsiaa -t"3 imsai >'xm id new '3>si ns ny *3>s naxa Vy n3iy ik nmnn >y naiyn nyan yi3n>.10 yi3n> nr> nsai osb?b d.hk '" '3 'aiKP [nr] 7'3*3 "i" 3 minn mxa >y T3y&> *ai nsi' naxa nsyc 'a T"t [f3y] T>ai K3i lay oiym y-ixn ooiffai i>m xim naxn in >y Vam t*rn aim tsiik >k M insm non ni'na 'n Kin pian naxs >3na? s yxi.15 K3 -iiaoj?n 3 yni myna ikjci iay >kiw'3 i3tk mix naa iwxd Tin sana iar Kim I'T yi3n> on'>y K3y a >3 tnx&ni minn ny3n yisnV m7pi k> o'nn y* Tt iiar> t3tk n'psn o>iyn kt33 ai'a * 33 *Ki3> cnsn ni omx iiif is ma y"> d t&ns i33ff Tt'a Y"n*" ' -pays. 20 '3 y-TT 'yn'i *n> Kim K oma Kim xon x>i sib ney> ix Y" 3 P' D>rK d33 Vy sx oma >k7e> >y d'3s> onV D33n> Dmcs3> nxy nnp> dux id >yi Tin cniwa k>i anopan yam >c ini3yo 33ny> 'T3 Hina ksti yaa?3 >ipm tsws yipn> nix ti yisn> >3i'.25

mia

Him

Tim

n>m

nsm

.13 noana (3).5 .nosns iai>a (a). 4 .o>iyn >y (3),(>).1 (a).(xs).8 ,(V),(xs).12 .ion [nrl (k).11 .|'t i>
'

;^

'i3Wy (a),(a) (3),(a),(,(-3sJ,(K>),(3-0.13 [isy] (K)JY">Kn >oa caoiwa (>).19 .ion -ry (a)|iKi3' k>i aniK Kim (a). 22 .yito ?*tx T ' 3 (3s).21 .Knase; dt omaiya C33y> 'T3 (3)|ini3iya 033y> (>).24 .03an>
,y3ins7

unwiy .mm

na,T> :o>nn .11 id, a :ncKT3 .19 n,' :n>np .20 3,t :n>np .21 a',Tp :o>nn .22

120
n] nw nsitfn.1 '>3 inK >ip
[a/-r

laan nrcysi nsina *rnK3 oai -niyna noa> ht nmunna 'tk -tits nnsm laipaa n>nyn nx nnm n>ya>a isiwn >ip laiyi Tin xoaa T>an opi 110333 nVsnm nnss
k?k

mm

P'-rsi >an y-ri'

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122

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123

[x/ia *n] nVsisn in.1 n>iro mp poin x>i n>sa na ''nan in nso x*n in >xiw* nas? >> > dt>w n330 xn Vyi Oxiff* nsiax xn in] >xiff n>m3 x*n in isc* >xiff3 mrxn >3 nr inn n ail an noa mn'noni no>wn Kn *3 ci303 rnsoa *3 *in3i ion 'ins ri303 mx >3n ni'nV n3T>yn.5 nsiaxn nn' no inri.K>a nann onw nip [nww] Dii3 [mnnai ona nysvsn] ni3i*>yn mnpan inTi 13103 >xie? oy D'3>in o3'3y it no >yi rmax.i nn [>233 o'oini >xiw> '33 nx *'navin ni3D3 a 1> n onyia onV VatnVi oxi Vy >x nmn>,10 [inx] D1733 '3 mi33i ni3*ix >3 tain no] .131 iffB nyi> ht ]'3y3 t> *n n?3 'f3">n yainn aiopan a. nyi 133 [D'HSDH DTI 7T?KTy nxy inpi> >xi' mna.o>iyn aa.*a >y ii maaiynai [isiaxo] na S3 nsern xi .aia- omB3>,15 imx3 snan> >ia. x>i aiopan mayo >ip op i>am n>ya> loiwn >ip inynn> noaVa isiwn xoa >y awii T'in xoaa V en a yea xa yainni yian> I3ia pirn T33 oy Dama *yn xin Taaw *l>im i'm3o i33iyn3 i> tx yaivi -i> i>n j>n.20 oxonn ni'2 nxa xa i?nx iyi no inn i> n 'ax pnxn 133 nsa >axn '3x oip 'axi omasas o3iai onxon >y o'nnan nxn ixn xin nsx 1H313X1 X3n D103 >3a ^3iKi isle? >ipi mVsns diVd itx txk? nxn *iai i*y yiaoo nn* -pis D3.. 25

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124

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125

[K/Ta'TT] o'aan a>w3x >3 jpm nannn >3xi nana tt3.1 nain .nnpn ?isa 'T*3'ya ip|>no o3i33i VixcV onV Tya 'jam nf i3v >y 03>3 mo333n -myn'c? 'ciVit iKat> x># vtt '3xw na3 >pnon>i *txi n"3 mian 39> ht 7ipn inai n>ymn ma 033*3.5 mn. rcxn ><p vyoi isnpn oyo i3iri >y nay> i>3i 7*Vin maas nara no sd n33>n oiya 73yi nam i3x n"3pn '3 mx'33 i3"ntz? na> nrn:i Voi3 Kim [V'xin. i3b>b] op'i kst anepan 'nrv 13 iiu> osy i> nn> T'tn 7a i> *ixin ip>n.10 'T3Ta nxm nsin cpiosa nxn isxxa nr nsm poyn na3 >xic7 in*B7 ny3 nsn mas? n>x 13 nax V*t *i3i K3 D'nxa> yon> n"3pn nam Dn nx aT3iy o>iy > 1313T i3d> 'ax nax yam ii ysrn anopan '>aa i>x ?'*y *i3iy l>xi T"y 73y i^xa iVx 13 ran na.15 D'at 3Sic7 i>xi Da"T "asiff iVx m n'y *>aa il?xi niny '*ri3T ht>' nxn inx oipas max nn 'am 7> xsai nn'3y 'anpt? x on>x naixi cnata Y"iN3 an> snixi X/>i lyatff x>i *'ji3i ixaon >x adnata >i>a3i i3'>e?n s"yxi in omoa Dyn b mmn> oarx ion. 20 ITt >y >3x xin aiopa 'xti aiopa xin i3Tax on> D3an> nril n"3pn >ax ysin xin "wm naxn nvn> >7a 'aixi 7>-rn mica a*?a> >x*iw> nam inin rise? >y nner 7x31 1TB> K3V .3KTn nXTI 1?3'H XW3K7 lit 13XX iayn>.25
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[a/ra tt] 'axi nps n'n nimm 13kx.1 raya 3X -nya nrcyx no >na 'n ins nvry no n>x nx Vsx'i 3xm X3' i>x nx [o'cia Kim] nay poyn' u'nn -nysn nay i33'>x Tax pini nya n M aj?n is ny ian '3K3C nx Tavs nanx nax'T't m.T xs aiopan nxna.5 Iks 'oyV T9o >it'iki nyx na T>ctk *ax >na ' ci lay 3TX 'isy >x 13> nacsn i> *ax x> o>iy> ion d Tin 'in ynxa nmaa tx '3 VlStl'V '13 1T3 1> 1303 iVapn X>X 31'X Vy ^>XW nT n H ap'n i> *axa? its Ta on3 ya' x>i [i'3aa].10 n'3n xar' x>ff 'T3 ht >3i ai'xa poynsn >x-w 1*3* inn >na tst tso n?n> n H apm >'xmn TasVa ap'T snya mxi '3isnsn n"n iVc? *axn 3i'x [ay*in3ff] '73 xioa marca 'nann moaV n> '3a'p'i '329ssi an '3 oaaxi i>sx i> ao?n >xns?V on^> -naert>.15 n'n D>iyn 'Tona 3TXB D'Tia o'asnn nx xth T>y '3 nyns 'a3 n'n xim >yn [nyns T3ya] *" T3-r i'ny'3na opn xx' x> '13 its n"3pn i3H3 fi m>B?> nix 13 >yi ia poynn> a>3> oxy v>wi oxyn nT '3sai c-nssn ai'3 nt -j'y7.20 T>t&ae; 'as xin 733ai nsmxV i> isnrrn a>3> ;. " TD,'m93n DT3 D'301Ta >X1B;'C7 TOTa 13 133T3 1> nnss a>an xai i>an >3'ns 033n> T39> 0'3'>ai i>an nxya >xi' cxa D33y> ivasr 3>3n l'as] smx onV isnns xm txi Dxy.25 isn3i oxy t^x i3'>un T73yi nai3 n'n [snnx on> nnQ3X nax 3

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127

[x/na n] poynai 3n n>ya> iminn? ias nnsas T3S.1 i3T7> iwy xinn oi3 3rci *3? 13 mal? osyn imx3 mix 3<bim 13 poynai nwim> 3 my naen nVna.'nsna ppoyna nnao yo3 >x7i DniKai nso nvy inspai naion 7103 03>a3.5 7D o!?in maix >y 737p Vkii?' -ps'ipa D'a*n l>8m D3>a ay Vx7' >g? 7nnara isnyn* xV DH3 tk n7K [D3capn o93yn] i73na xinan om o3T3na nVym 7>'X3 DDT3na d>3 anrcn 330 x>>xn nnn D>3na one? s"yx D>yi i3> nnx non nil. 10 iTnxff 3sa i3ay i*!3nn> on> op D'a73 p? onr^a Vyi >kib?'3 ornx3 on D>iyn maixi n 3 o*n3 p>n mp' >xi isaa [13.73] 73 on*>y o*3'ipa am >X7 oVoi3B7 n3i>yn n>yan lion o*Ti33.n >x7B?*i i3aa Dn3i noa> [i^ipn nxsn] onpi>.15 ns^an 7ioa oTi33,n onn ysc? imi onpi> an T3 >*i "nx 3i37y >>3 073V n3i>yn n^yan >3 D'>iy x>i onpn ia cni'i o3>im o'oyana nysff 7y d'hti ooyana dt >33 onsn omx -nn yy ns Tivmn oi3 Dnnp>i 3'ns [mnKI 3^1^ 110], 20 >n3 '3Tyi ni3y yy "nsyi o7an mss 7nnn3 nyi xanaV 71331 >i73. no xin ntn T'3yn 7nx i*3 na> Tin* 1103 d>3 o'ssym enn Tin" 710 nx73 na '3sa naxn dxi ynxs THX 7373 XVl 7S1 D'93y i3y3 oipa >tr?.25

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128

[a/na:n] innnV 13 t>>n o3a o*npi> 13X1.1 1103 H>nn3 13Tai 133 '3 1> yiCI 0H3 133 M T103>k >i3a 3"'3 i>3a n 3p> i> w iV'xn iwx 'S3 mpa Vtff Trya'-ii" |hwi- n>ya> wii33 *3X *n3i niPi K2ta3 ii9 3aa isyi nnnna tVx mix in>aa3 Vwie t.bt imxsi x>i j?ois> i3'x ivi3ai [d>33 xim ninpan 1Xff3 Tnpi> isx i>'xn nr no >yi >ian->sn >y '3 Vin'.5 'n p'is a >y osion maa 13 xipsn i>xn no i3'x nanni ma ian3 j?ix no ihti o'a>iyn % jit iid yyi iis: nicy^ na|?3ini3Trri>TT; rr>ty n>x nnn nsi i?s nnn no: oViyn n [ou?a nn]-'i33 nx T33 ins >y nno iffx >xi.10 n? i?ixi i3-iax -iwx nn noa nyava iay oi?anai dciid3 7>xn no Kins? D3axi nni x>i tuna x> ni3iy nn ooin 'a. Hnaser S3 3> i> max i>*xn "pa xina? 3>i> 3 o'oinn 73 iaiy xim *n3i no >y o'oin 'a n 'y3.15 3axi ia n3 nisnya 33i> i>o oc >y msiy 3i -3. '3 -|> yi i'3yn nT3 -|>3tx m>aV *> >ian i>xn no 3>i*n oy i>x D'3>*3y 1103 mn3 nxi>a3 n33>n3 crrnn nT3 Dipa Vff T?yi inx noa noai nVya in'*na.20 nax nr T3y nxiVas n33>n may na> \>w iaa V"t bB3.n inx nn3 inx no3i noai n>ya 1133.1 innna innn3 n>ir nxi>aa n33>n ixi posn >3 nx>ana n3'x n33>m o>iyn n T^'xn nT3 >3.i insa >na3 in'na iax xim- isaa n>iT.25
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129

[K/oa "p] on many 'nwiD'oin 3.3 'n>iT.1 n'x-ipan o3 ooin 'a no a D3axi iminx3 fo 3>i>m on3B7 >>ra Kin inKnvoV.iy myni nx om inx nn no onv' laaa an n>n maiy n iminxs nsan nn no m>wv Twrn.5 '-ron * 'iia> oxnp3n on >ax D'3ax3n [ana] ix many nw ni Dn> p a3i>y onwnwVwn aain onayn 3? no Dn a nn x>i oyo x> Dm tya -intern fa inxn minn a>i>ni nan aaih ;aw no. 10 om ncan anniany 'ai coin l i ana inna Tip >yi ana ia>naa lnna onn yy a no '3 am nsc? mxa an i>na yy nax nT nr yyi inx f'3yi inx no >am nsa iy i>ia3 nxi nso laxn la xx' inx.15 xm onay mnnan xn annx onay oon o> iy xm a> xipsn > ip nian3 a">n -no x'n 3sa nxm '3 na> n M apn [nxm] T>sn Tan nna a> aioi *ax3 nT mo >yi 'iinx nx.20 nnao a >y >xo3 xm yai a> i*Tay> nn3i -no >an ni'nV ia'aB7 a>iVn oy nin'nai >xa npnpT x*n >xan noa nn^3p >dVi inx >yi xmn ijrn 7a nn>ap sa anra nVv.'fiiaa no. 25 oim nnn npnpm nnox > h t caan *ax

naan

nn"

cnn

.ion [ona] (x)|nn on> ' (xs).7 .cxipsn on o'3 (a). xn >y (xs).18 .ona mn'na (kd).16 .onay 11173,3 (3). 15 |npipiT (i)|Vxaii naoa (xs).23 .nxip (x).19 ,a">n omn .> m ti iTai (3). 25 .>ixan lata (>)

a,i3 :n'y .6 xo,T :x o'3>a .9 3.3, a> :ma .19-20 0,3. j'x D'3>a .21 x/a :n>ao .25

130

ma> nmw>i

i3Vy nsnaxn [nn] -no m*n> dh3 * *39> annaon a i3n>x3 '3'Z)K7 oi iy 03n>x D3>03 yaw o>3pai T3>3 >xi7' >w anna xnnc; Dtii'n^ ann mssnp nave "nxV> inx [ans] >3.5 naxs [onx oit> txi] D3>as o'p3-r 03'HVX *3 D*p37fl DC1X1 .onn D3>3 o*n rfi>an i*3yD no l3n> '73 oyia Tai3 -inx mpa3 ht t'3v 'man 7331 T3*r "|ina 737 nyi> t> w TX33 7'7xn> T* 73 >* ^ wncni.10. ,f >sn >t>d lnm nwyvnasns n 3j?n 1X73 mxn '3 Q93:'Sian Di3tn >3i n>ya> D"innn o'737n no Kim noa> n>va" >o xoans mina DnVx D'yiT Dm a>3 07X3 nnos 7773. om noa >cn 7773 on noa> o3sian o737n naam in xsia>.15 n3Tn D'asn i-nnw no 'sd lama ox73i n>aa Tiri3 D>a3 OH 0>3T D>3 0*73711 y3D 0313113 0>iy3 n>a3] nnosi n>ai noa xin dikdv xxa3 aixn 7ioa [tdd31 nin oViyn 7ioa >>xim n>ya Vw oViyn Vsa >i>3 xin ow maViyn.20 n'nax n>ya 7103 oin'min> 07X naX3 73>3 >X77 QX '3 Q7X X7?3 l'X 7.39>1 maixn >3 7xi mx onx V"t oa3n naxi dcix >xpTn x'33n n>ya nsa? naxi dtx T'xips Taiffim [o7x 73 nnxi] 3in3 mpa >33* dtx [ts] X7p3tf n>'>n n>*>n n'T3 n>iT mron i3'x '3 o>iyn '33.25
iiwtr ?
1

mrrna xm inx -no >am n*>y

[3/C30 11 ] Ta?a ton >ct.1

nam

mxm

mam

(x).5 .'3'atz? dt tv fra? nystf (3). 3 ."ion [Tin"] (x).2 x>3 (3),(V),(3s),(3n)Jnnx> 3isy x>3 (a),(xs)lni37y >3 (3),(>),(o3f(a3).8 ,7on [anx o*-it> I'xi] (x).6 .an'y .ion ['131 nVas] (x).18 .nnnx maipas (3). 9 .naf Tans xnp-357 a T'x (>;,(3d),(x9).21 .dbti3 infn> (>),(xs).20 3xx inxi noiK T3y3 i3>3 >x-w* n>iT (a)|n>i-T dtx .24 .T'np (3s)|o"xnp (3),(>).23 .onx Dix'nyT& ixx .n>*>m on (>).25 .dtk 7= Kin maipan (x)|dtx pa (x)
x/a :nV'aa .1 a,3,3 :xnpi .3 T,n :>wa .6 :ana-r .6-7 t,*t
x/1 iia

7"y

.9

x>,7> :>xprn* .21-22 x/xo :ma3' .22-23 :dw ; 1,3 :^xpTn' .24 *i3i n3,a

131

[k/3 n] . 3D> i3k ma'cm in>ya Kn it k>k.1 n'*3 oipan >V T13 ia<27 K1J73 iia> TTaKI DTK 1 Knp K1H87 isni'tzm inn nmsn 3sVi n"3 >xn 39> iaxy nrsa n'ne? 3"yK 'T1351 >K3T3 13 1i1>K > n T ie7TT1 1 flVyai lDinDIl omsK nnswaa n'nc? oTaixn o'asnn 7a ww.5 y-na nn ins in>x nax on nnswaa .*3' i33x ''C131 'T1311 >K313 73 N3F1 *'"= "' n K'33H *Kj?Tn nnseraa *K3 na>i insn tts 73 >kptit >x onn xnp3 i3's>i *n Vxn *3d> i&xy.riTa bmaxv 3sa on l3yni on nnsrcoa nn n'Tn oc73 xnpsc/ 3sai dik.10 oViy3 7x 13 *3sai ny*r xxia> 71331 piay Kin -no> 0333a? oinn nn wip nn3 >3pB7 Y MX1 ,n.33 D1W1.1 "|> Q7TSa 33ni DTK >>33 >>33 "1B733 01BTI D1K X11 !1>an 710 3 niS? 1113 '30; 73y3 ima>73 o>t& i'mn> onxn.15 >nT3 nanxi 'naK can nm '3s> -|>nnn omaRl? >ian 7T3 DVa? nn x> 73> ompv nmn> T>3ai [3a] ia tio3 niK i> nsoinai o3 xnpsi o>7 nn *tx low onn n"3pne7 nasi ri'nsn no: xnw n* o7 'nn xn niK ia?3 onm it oik 112733. 20 Via3w iy iaw mo i>y n'*3pn o nmn> o>iy3 yii3 x> i33K pnx 3 ny-TV t> w nyi T3yn iy omsx V i*x>na xx x!n y-iT ix>na'Kx* 73 nnx>i Via3i n^nyn i3aa omsx in>nye? 7iy3 mc?3 omsx rcae? xV o>iya naxi anp. 25

,(ks).9 .D'Tonn 70 wv (3). 5 .ini3*B?n x'n iti (3), (33). .OIK 33 0333 >TK1 (a). 13 .laxy HT3a .Til T13ff 3Sa (3D) 1> *]0in31 (V).18 .T3T31 '33 (k).17 ,n3DK1 'DBK (>).16 ,133X DHT3K (3).24 .n'13H K*HC7 1103
1,3>
io?n p>3 :oip>

:3TK

.4

s :3io ^3Q7 ; K/iop :*3 nmt

:nsn T3T33

1,3> :3TK .7 a,K :>xpTn' .8 3~k,t :nKn3 .16 x/3,9 :*k nniT .19 3/kV :D-m .21 ;

132

[3/3

n>nyn ixa nao oi npnx nmx n>ap xVi i3in3.1 >3o nrn* nxao xn n>nyn >3 na nxao nnvn> sm> n'n omax a-Tii o>iy3 cxpom dtot icn33aoxx t'aya "T>ia is.tkw nx-irc it si mrnn ipy i> Tarn n"apm nVoa> y-)T K'xinV x> t*""' P*5 fi3 na t?atf x>i n>iya n* anpnn xV npix nmx> wt.p y?iT ana xs'r nay lanni tx >ia3 nnan nix ixa {art-p yiT inn] Tina 3 xao y-i? xnps n>nyn:,ia xxi sninwai oian a nyt> i* ?' nam kxt Kin nxaion nxaion tx Tina n>tr vas an> T o>ny on.10 synr sao omn na 'ssai n>nya Q*yan3 one? 3sa [oanpa] arm -\wai ia anViya oxao on oca o'xao D?a oipan Kim n>ny nxnpsn nxaion isa
'

TO

nn Kim nxaion -pna n!?iT onn nao ps ia >yi.15 n>nvn'K.nw onxaio iina oaina.ta.iwn nxaio n>nyn xnw xamtn nmx ina i'T3a nywai p-rsn ima omne> o3ipnai nnxaio ana jinnTisj xn it a pix na. nan xnps ia Vyi naxn nav"iio Kim o>iyn m n*nan no Kim n*nan.20 na? on>y maynw iy wip yir or>ia3 tx ia >yi K'xim n3ta> 03331?] i>a>.>wa >"t 'axs nnx iy Dp'T *3S 1XT X> TX33 WW 0X3D3X >3 8X1 xV>xia> n H apn Tax na n>nn xsnoa 3' ikT nyaw tkw naam nK i>y maynw ty anp 39> ix?3n i>n^Kin Van 'a osaxi [naw x>a n>a 1'xi na x>a ia.33 niK .K*nv n'nan o'p>i n>nyn Tayna nna3 nwp nx nt ia33 xn mx 'a.navn nx omaan nr osax* inx i3y >am nna mxV nnm isya 'nna. 25

OB?a

mowbna mxaom myn ninn [mmis]

nma

ma

.imaaoxx (3).4 .o>iy3 o*oa.ini o'ltiptso (3),(>).3 ixa (>)|n*n3n Tioa (a),(3s) |ion [vi? ir\t inn] (x) ,14'. is nna (39), (xs). 13 .non [osnps] (x).12 .nnan ,0'aViyn rn (a),(>),(as).20 .mis (x).18 .mnmo (x) n>nyn oixa (a),(x9)|TDn [*iai naTa> 0333] (x).22
,7

.03 ax

a/ix

i-

x/nx

:o7

a/T

x/a :'x nmT .9 a/m - x/m : a - x/t :'a nm? .19 a,x> :maa? .24 a,o :n*xna .24-25
;

133

[x/K3
n-ian

|f]

on I'ymsi Tina iasm ma man Va'm Va mo n>iyn nam? T'mayai Tinawa -rna .oaiy '3<&*5 0333 in 1'yiisw moyn nna moa 0333 Kin ini nT 7x '3 "rnK nna'i?ai o>iyn n pis >3 n'Taa i> nnn na >"t caan 'bk ni no >yi ht n>a T3yn oK?Tso *iipx nai now Vaai omax> nna int [na] Kin nT Ti33n [l3yn] pima.10 Kn73i moyn o'oViyn n Kinw >sa n>ir n>iy n3K oa?a p>noai n>iy inn* >a a Kn >aa yix mn*i [*non inn ia mVn nacn otz?a Knpn> ovm.ysvn n> ' >aa n> aio >3i Knw inti'n nmx 3 osaxi o'wyam camyn >3 tttk mo mTi nn3iana >y ijiann} naiy >aa own nVya.15 03aKi oyia tana i3"3yi moi nnan mx n>ya man Kin nnam] yinaa niaiyn ns>pn Kn nVnyn '3 o393a i>tsi [yina ns>pn naxn itbi o3sa -raiyn nsiaKn noa 0333 oixn mna ii'aan 'T'-ayn mo Kin 13 imaT >3 hkt *aK3 mon nT >yi nm "psya bipan niKinm pa-rnY mixty TTTKn '39 nK.20 mo i^pa Van tn"> npya "jaym. iKna nK3n rnx iacn inK ' mn> inn iroa "rnx iwpa i>y nns iwx >a<?a >3> nra i3Tani? i>kn o'3"3ya m T3Dyan D'K^D lay 110 .nnn 13'i-nynm V'xm r\>-\y mo n>an moa. 25 moa mynnV 13>

mKsti moy noa m.ayn xn m a.ii 0333 Kin eripn n*ia moa 03331 mas cn.Knaai. n>.i"yn .m moy,n. iriK man frw mama 'nraa
' .

mn"

K'n (a)jmoa moyn (>)|moa moyna Kn n'Tan mo (a).1 n (a;,(>),(ao),(Ks),(3-i).3 .niKsn. moyni no: moyn (as).9 .ca>iyn 'n (a),(a)(^),(a3),(s),(3T).7 .oa>iyn (k).12 .mr ina- (K)pon' [iayn] (x).10 ,dibb Ibk oy (a,)|nnan mo nVya (as). 16 ."ion [mon] Tana i3"3yi .ion [Vial nnam] (K<)|o3saa imyi yinaa (a). 17 .oyia .7n'nn> (a), (as). 21
;

moa

03

:nan cpvxna
1

a/To :Kina Kaa .8 n :Kainsn f n,n :n>np .12 to, to :o'nai .19-20 a/is - K/i9 s'a. nnn .24
;

mw

134

ox>3n.1 npipnn npnn 'ax nasi i>a >w inT!3Ta "nco nprt pn >e? mpa >33 V't oa?n pxw xin i>b naxs la >yi inna nnx nnin> dtx> mn d*kV3 y3in x> pnans mown m.prr nx TX33.5 n>y xV Tacsy oxV3 73.31 ox>3 vim x> ~["tvr npn ens *3 DT3in imxa nnx x'n iti -pVy oycs -|Va hTta xm npn xn itc? !)"yx '3 oaaxi T1331 i>a '>3'n3 Tisa. Kim T3y3 piayi Vna *ni *n mian 3 nvr> '-f>- w 'd*V3h>> xin.10 :' -; r>i ' isnxV K>i*?*?on 's> oViyn xns D*3innm o'3T>y x>xan non 's> 13*d>i imTy> o>iy 'inos nsyan nn ht>i ' rnTy> 1X3 xV '3 nffyas D'T3in >3 7pm no n"a Kim naa' ion Tai fa >3 nnn inaisn >y nsm T37 >3 nKna.15 >yi i3'a T'Kan fa i3i'yn- xVon i3'a iriK -|>in >3K? m'aV i3a* in3a> nxn3 nya >33 *ax3 13 my'D33i oviT3 i>sxi in3a nnx iVm nn' pa HB7W3 XH33 T3T >331 H1Diy31 HTHSI mai1331 3y XKH yTKH XWin *3ff in3aV *aX3 D'^KT3 *a.20 in3'a> i> ivit ircx ns nany yyi in3a> vit y-na KT3i 'aixi i3a i3*kb?3 7a D'3an ianyn x>w nanan >3 nKi ] ri3a> ynxn nn nx on>x ?y'voi*in wan >3 nxi [-11*13*0* inx> tot ia >3i nsr >3 nn *ia.i] irt3'a> ynxn [i3a i3'x?3 ia T*3*n isiyn' x>i in3'a aa i3i ht x nvT n33i ix^ya; maaa i>n ysoa nprca.25 13
T*3ya
*n isian

nampn itmna

uTnino

[3/K3 rr]

mn

..

,ia>iy XT3 (>).11 .imn> dx7T onx t'x (3)(^)i (*)-4 nansn V3 nxi] (x).23 .amx TP'm D*n3in >3 hto (>).1^>3 n*n'C7 *iai] (x)hn3*a> naixn (3s).24 .non [n3'a> .13 inxipyw (3). 25 ,i>an y303 (>)|non [*i3i T37
0

135
[k/33 n] ax>a nwiyi nwxia nwya >w o3an "i'Vnan.1 n*wm:j va nwwa amnni. nxnan TpwaTnD ^3a~^aT_irrwa n^wxsa nwyaa -j> nppnw [npn] npn ixaa *ax3 is >m x>w nam rmx T^nn >xi mix npwn >x [awyi] awy >a i> ix naan 'oxi mnan any>.5 i> 'ixi imx naai ypna naiaa ix>a T>y t*xw T">xaw ninan anya noa> o3'an anyaw a *s>i Via Dy3a3i ana oma>w n>ya Tayai n>ya >w D'x>a -no inn oi'pam man* naxa maaVa i3Taxw na >y any tnnv. g ft yKi.10 my3a Tarn x>an x> xana oyn x>ai to nT >y> dixt naxa 73yn [omx ysnawj n>ya >w mnan T3oy 73ya waa T>m xinr nawn *mpn nx 'axs '>ya am T3oyw t*3* wnsa 'tixn a*x>a naa tnpw wai>w 'a >y nsiaa -rnx tow u'Bf *aixi mawn.15 maaa >"t n'aan 'axw T'aya imx pnn> >aii T3oyw in nmww ai in >aixw a mair Vy nsiaan tow ; onoa wan>w a >y naiaa -rnx tow w ia pTn> nsiaai xip>3i [pTnV >iai] nai io yiw xinv inxa D'nwai Tax rna onws*) nax > naiaan xim Ty tow m. 20 wxsow i> T*"iip n>an Tia> o'yiT 03xw D'uni 'ixi Ty tow *ai> o'xm oaina T3awV on> yiv a a*n nnio aa ownsa pini i3x naim ia isoa orwn na >y >ni T'3* naxi naann natm Tann Ta' V* T3oyw mm. 25
r

mo

mwa

[npn] (x).3 .n'wxia nwya npwa (a),(a),(>).(aD),(xa),(ai).2 ...n>ya> (a). 8 ,ias>n >Ta (a). 7 .non fawyi] (x).5 .ion [prn> i>ai] (x).19 .ion [omx ysiaw] (x).12 .omn>w lian T3oyw waa na*na xxa mTy tow ht (a). 20 .ion .ty tow, npi

mo

136
[a/33 1T] 'ia ia Kin.1 O K I yttapiW-HT-T^'->-a3--? ";n-'i-T-;R3--"p:Dynian >a- ai>a D18K3 dtk> anppan lorn Kin 'a nyiann 'in ix> iob.b.i n>iy [K3n] Vx Vo-m men Voi3 nyoai isaa xt i3'x nmna poiyn >3inat?3.5 insVT'n Kn a *3W man 'in minn la vi.sna: loiTa 'in minn 7a ansjnaB* t*i*3 PS" : krxiw a Town inn ima >ya i3aa n>oi3i ina3 ya jnan iK>a inn xinw >Tra nai nna* nxaV i3'>m> '-T3 oix> nia Tins. 10 miria Kin airxn la >yi na'n Va io9t?/a [Ta tiki] i"n x'n 'a *3B* o"nn -|> 'in nnna poynn n>y xV T3sa nawm nxn nyunn -|> 'in ik> oxi inn ima >ya -|natr/3 iaa >ioi -|>y t.wv ni'mxn 'ino tio orznfpa niacin '>ya urn's. 15 mi' -j'Txn> i3> iki naann ipya nxs ovii'Bi 'a nta TaaV lias >am at foya lSTaiff naa 13> nx^m. 013* n>Kn Dn3in oino3 on DciT>a>i ia >a ananV o"iKi 03'xi naann Tno '3"3ya.20 o'a'ian a*! a in mxan 'ayo nsoa 'nTan naai nVaa oyia Tana ' max obi ] ia,in tso Ki.pan Kim >3X d"Vki D39KB* omx> ynV nioas in kVe* na na*i> > ?' D"na p>n i> ni'n> imxn 'n'xi '39a nm' Dino "jib^s nt aina> 'ny-ra n'm o'Tana "iV.25

nTa >X3' nTa.ppynav ra

>atz*

nmn>

--

mr

mx

*n

no

(>)|minn 'a (a).,(a),(ai)..7 .''nan man la en en ten 'nna (3*1). 15 .non [i'a' tiki ] (x).12 .x'xiaw t'3y 110 (a), (xs), (3*1). 18 .ni'mxn 'ina 710 (3s),(xra) nx-iK* aiwa .(a"i).24 .D'nsin DID'H "{'"JiG (a), (39) |D13' ,ci"n3 ysn i> ni'n> (3)|-|mxn
I

la

onsm

(3i).6 .xT'na 13'x (3>,(>).5 .xaxn (x).4

nam

x/nsp

137

n'nri Tya> D'isin nx i> na nnxi is3 *" ox n>iT inx dit> fxi iis^ i> Tii'i n>Kn w 'ixin 'sd i3n>x nmna naxs vaxai xon kt rutin Vn'i *n xin mioirn -no i> V*ymVi T>y oin>.5 nnpVi inx X3> n'3s x>3 na oixnrcs innina [nin 7i on T3yo] cwsns joyia ca'a a"yxi inas nx T'avinv omx Dai maiy naipaa x*enpn iiy yix3 m'cnp nasi o33y nas -pixn nT3 ii'izm 133 m>a> >13 *3x s"yx >sx onyi s> la'tbrn? nas w.10 ny-rV iV ip90*w disi 1x33 naix o'3Syn->3 TX33 >3 ow 3ir3x n>nnn 133a? n>np [wins] iso3 [n"ys] 3 ipyn lies D'3irn"3 no >y mnpn- tnix >3i o3"3yn Dinon piay> d03S3 ai3in a nT in >y rim>xn 'pays o33yn orot&sna iwx iy n>3n tx>.15 *n'i *n ia 1103 nssian en ipysi naiaxn its ht otnx3i na.oV naoai 131V isia *i>n >3m Tisn S3 i> wisa '33m >n.j. "nx> T3ya isxn n3iri3 ins *n'i 'ti' xin '3-yin n>an no xin nax omna i3'i33 oienn n.rn.20 oixn 0333 nT 11031 n>ya> i3Taie? na 'D3 posn xn' xVk? nam 'n*i *n xim n3iaxn tips 13T3 x> ircx msn naan no xin '3 nT npa> posn T'xi naa noa>a nT -npa p'osan V3i pxs n>ya > ms ff'naw 'a >13>3S [lyisa ai].25
?

nnns mns

ncrt>

[x/l3 IT] i> 3in3> 'nsisin i>y n>an a >sx.1

mm

mpa>

nms (>).1 T'axai (xs).4 .nnnVnms (3)|xn>ai '3 npyn (x).12 .lion |3a owsn3 (x).7 .13'nVx nsiax 1103 (3). 16 .1103 o'sn n"3 (39), (xs), (31). 13 .nVnp 190a .ns 93 (3),(a),(xs).18 .o'inx3i (3). 1? .nssian 'enw 'ipysi (a)|iyina s'i (x).25 . 13331ns ina (s),(>).19 . "plain

xnm>

>is*33 i3**ya

3"i

a,*' :ma .2 T',n :'>a .3 n.ns :oi3i .6-7

138

_xaiy Djxni

Vx i3tffn>-Dci'ne7an fa inV'x' Tnxi vn.nnM isaa n33 inx yiT't? nra imxi is'tnax [nnns] ni3an> -n*nK3r;W& .yum i*>y imax a7n> 7933.20 1X31 D-iiap n*yen nxn 7331 *ax3 ni >yi 13 T>13 K> "riK13n B>l-y3> 13 1>T * H3 13S>1 npn >x [awi] -r>i a-3"> liasn >3X nnln Ty3> n>ir 73 >yi npm ni3 inlax nxata x'm 73> n> mvnV Tion ht 'D>i np'H3 innwm ,iVn nx ay3 npm.25

viipaw ai n3i>y xaan "rioa "noa>. oan >aw on on'3B? k>k >i3* k>v Vtm/iv ix ib nspn i> T'K ny*r> na tnvva ffa mix ma nr nwx nnp> nan x> paa TipnV >3i xV nnyav a>iy>.5 nc7K np>i >innw imxi nssii n>n93 >-rnwn>i inx Kinw i'Vx anpn i>xiaa IP"' na "nt Vis' xVi K>3 nDB'TCIIK >3X H>Xn D3"3y3 1> n>*X 13 "inX>1 nmxa possi i>a >w itd>s Tina 0333 i3x d'33 n>>33 x>rc niK03'inav3i msiann >3 nV>isn nsiann.lO aara imo*r masi ni33 nia'vsn nxtzrc? oipa3 Kim >Kim '39Va K*nn -vssri n.cnasi ]3va inn xim nnwa isVxi'w Vxia mn> mx *ni n' xm 13 *nai] 'lan nn' anx iaw '3 '3 i>k anpn rns na3 [it w-k> nxinn nan nx n'nn x> aa na3n nmx '3 yivn T3ym n>y X3.15 n>>na 7313V nVnna mp3 T3.iam n33n >xai nai>y aV 3iff*i nay Tin> i>y 3iu;n niaxrn
i
'

mwa "wa

>?xin Bajn_aT.n

nmi

[a/aa |i] a '3a aa i>tki wain.1

'

,(xa).7 .wow mix (>).,(ai).4 ,3in>i wa in3i am (a).1 >i3' x>i (a) iVxsaa 7pn (V) x>i (a)|i>xiaa 7pma mavsn (an). 11 .iin> (xs).9 .n>ixaa ipna ht >13' m>73ia i3Ta> oipas (3). 16 .nan [*iai x> *n3i] (x).14 .m33 (x).19 .n'n^a fa (a). 18 ,T>y3^ 3i?n (xs).17 .nna .ion [37i] (x).23 .ismsxminx

139

[x/73 p]
-9-KTJ
[B3 3C7SV]
B7S3

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nmi

53X3.1

T/n>3 *3 -JCO'lff DK >3>3>1 xn i3s>i imsx i> n3n3] *iai imV> -jnsnx nwx S*yKW 133>3 31ffnn >X1 [d'33 H-VaVB 1> H310 inx ova ia ms* x>i minn maxc; n>n'na i> nnw own > 3S73W inx ow Vy lao Dip' 7iom naxn xim nvr> t> w' x>x ai>sn on 'axs.5 oa niKxi* mavani yiv 737 xm ow 3 n^a *in 7103 in mavin >3 mso >yi T"To Kann insn n33 nxnps navan '3 [i*nx Dya] nan or cna* x>i inn ow 13 1> ytm >xiB73 law xnpsn inn xnn nson n33 7>i3n mix xnp> txi oVnyV d'xtip in x> 13 >y 3.10 >y mins 'axs own T'3* *a Ticna nnw nan ou?3 nwx >yi nn'n inawa Dian i3ya n>nna 7^x3 nxaicin Dipaa nx3 onaw3i oniiv oim nimisw nai'ian nmx i*bk- a i> yin i37ax rncsj owa.15 xm dw nxnps xn *ix nxaion nr in >yi sn nxipsn nanan >7aan 3ia oyvin -non inn namon nmx >y nn*n orrcia-na^sn nnxnn ^pin oxiy omx73 3 ow i3> nwysi naxw
-

umynn

mnm

in

xnn nanian nsos onw o>iyn nT3 mxsn mau'nn n33 D>iyn nT3 nmx pm> T3yn iai> I3ii3i un.20 nn nasnV >7aai n*y o3i3i isny i*nw nwyan Dm [naVsn tit imx3] DnV nn'n nVna nasn '3 3"3y ^3 '3 Dyii i*n mx3i mswas o>3 o>iyn nta ni?x nrasnan nnxnn npm >7aai Ty o3i3 in \d >yi xnn nson naa dv i3\ nwysi 'aix in nt >yi [nsiwnn] nson nmx. 25
[?B3
:

(>).3 .TOn [*131 n313B7] (x).2 . ion w (30.5 .nan ow >y (3b).4- .'in n*nw (3),(>),(3b),(xb).11 .Ton [inx nson (3b).25 .ion [na>3n tit i

140

iai>y a*> awi nnan.5. 3iw ox max i3y iVk in&vii inn na> t>x 1iy-jm naian 'a nox* nana mo inn 13.1&KV na sa nnn nattna nnn nawnai Tioa n>y nn "|an> nawnan Taya n>snn 10 >yi nn-a "|wa3 nn a i>w nawnam nnn xinwa ij?na nn*no nan nn'an nn nwxn siao.10 nas on'aa? naia [mn>] o39 >a >y xn na-nae o-na nan pnos iiawnn.inViffi caanV Vxwa -iaa nsxw nwsaw mxa inia 7va> xtb rxa iy n>nai nsiaa xn a naiwna i33yi nn I3"nw na> ninii i3Tan iwx i3yn '9>.15 oasnn 3w omx n>nna mx:3 in3Tai ina nas Vmwan oik w [nTa] isn nT one? naoa nxxin nai>.yn mi am na owsnnw "ra *ixa *n*n *n xin t^t iaa naTa* x> *iwx nnan maa> xia nwx ixna3 nsos noai n>ya nmx3:aa.20 innawnw imx^a na mpaa nn nVysn Tiasne; T3 THXT3 TiaaVi max mo inn noai nVya [Tn*y ix icn3it] ina naa >*mwa ntn oixm ik m>ia i3'Ki >Tniba onau? s"yxi Tn3 iV Dnai D'T^inc

[a/T3 n] ipnV.1 i'hb? D>ys3 [myoVi] Vy.VB i'riw 3B''*nT '*n x-nan -osBnw iy D>iyn lix nsian it 01 nan aw o*i?n> -non ht *b>i i>x tok^ nan imxa nanaan n awn

nT3

npmVn t>?s

nmx

pym

moi

am

,(3s).5 .nT3 omx prn> (a)ficriK p?n> (i)|iyo>i (x).1 ,11 .isnaxw na sa (x).7 .ia> (3). (39). 6 .o*w' ox (a) .I3'3yi (3D). 14 ,n3iwnn nn>en (3). 12 .Ton [m'n>](x) .nViyn maan (>).21 .ma >33 (3s)|nT isn nT (x).17 .ina >aa (3s).23 .Ton [Tn'wy *|X icna:](x).22

na,a> :ai'K .5

T,T> !3TK

.6

T.aa :ny .22

141

[K/na in]

nat ox.1 *aK& i'3ya im3j?T3 nafff ik> dkv minnaa

13'x nrma on3B? dxi ntn ik ntn na' ht'k vit o'3io rinnsi ynr npaa piosn nt nnkv mya nai>a lynr cik.5 rrns mwyV >nnn *ai>a nym n* *"!* inn>'3i n'3ni any>i n> naiann nwxa mwn K'xm an nri nana >annn >x ipt nnK s"w l'v nan ?x naa ik >-m mnnaa rn>"rnwn nai? nr k>i >'Kin T7T '3Ktff T3S Via* '3'xi 'n>nn?n.10 * ynn x* i*n' nsn >k ai^* nr >a >y nar 'K ik hth D'ano nnxa on'3 dkt nrca' run ncnnnaa Tln.nw csan -imapTa n'Vinff o*33n ik k> 'a tyiai iiwKnn otk fit >y n'Knm 'k ynn.15 -,> y?o> >xn '3S> nT ik ntn na' nt iat3 n'>in7 aw iK vntupt TOTa IK innna '3ipTn '33i D'mysn '3a d'3ib on nnxa D'sarn >yi tt *p' >xi n'naa pTnn> Tnx a'3s >a irnn ia> no i3m' 'n d>kki Tonna nm' 2 nxn'yn xnaa T'n 'aiK nni in'&i i33 n>.20 n'a k>t lan mirnm iyao >n3 naawiniapta inaxi T>an >y [npi] o>iyn mix a?3iya Kn'ns _Via' ^rrn aKn la'^n x>i 'nxn xa>ya na'a> >'a' L3 J nzs n'xnc? ny T3ni' 'n *axi nnK t?t '3'y napn iV -nnri n->**v nV lil'Xn n'i?Tn *n >V1 X30 nxn "py.25 man D3'>y npy irrxn n'pTn

mm

nm

nan (a)
.arnp

ynT npsa (x).4 .D'nVxn '3sV .iwa* (>).3 .n' y .(>),(KD),(an).10 .Vansn >x (.8 .mvrn n> x'ann (a).7 (>).16 .y"o> d'hVkh '3S> na' (>).15 .'n>ia' x>i (a? >kh n'naa nna 7>na^ imapra (a).21 .n'nn (a).19 .)ki .iyao' (x).23 ,T>an >y pm a>iyn (k) Dpi D>iy (a). 22 v ' .V'a' H3K na

(a).1 (a),(,().2 .lniapia naT' >jk ini-maa o.Tin

:n>np .2-3 d .4-5 n>,na tcnan .7 i,k' :n>np .7-8 o .11-12

i,k'

142

[a/na./FiT]

oen

aix.1 d'0'to> *,sw-haa 9-n--i33 B*p-:T-n=a ? nssn wxa^ -viti-3-1 di'ki ons >aa o*Hn?a '>n.naa o'p'Tna 'xa O'p'Tnai n*naa ona >aa o*>T.nvai d'Vis' 03'xi nB'muyo 'a x^on miK> ix'xinV 13.5 9-mainal *ri'33 an> nn3i *ax3 onVy o'Vi3' ma x> nc/x i> inx oViy o ni33i o*aaa aio naiann nms ttod on/ imx rna x> nwx n>xn Q^proBn .3W i.a3i ni3iann >a n>>ian na Kin nT oxi mxT > ipnn 'lime on3n3.10 naia> aaxy D'OToan mx '3a nxw T3^ *? mx'xa TToa Dtms offsnn x>? naio nn' [nam] i3'x imsi 'axrc na sa n"a oxma i> 'ix inxn la isn xm *ax na 'sa >"rnn> n Vxi 'axer na 'sa oViyn imxV inycn' 'a. 15 d'tt min'.-rnaKw na K?3iy T3'ya >?3 'a lima' t>i x>a [bia.im.] ima' D'3iyn nmx >aa xm >na /3iy d'3s >a Vy xm d39 >a >y 'a mnna o'taxsn a>nan tiVtt o>iyV oipa >e? inx'iiaa 033' x>i cna3.20 K7x> Tx oxi nVxu; >xia i> n.n x> ax V3>K'a*v nx iV Tx ax7 Vxia x>m d>i> '1X073 n'n xV 'a mnx nVxw ny n'n x> T'iy nn na > inipx na'ns x'n nip' n'z/'Vew nVxwn ny noi n^x i>.25
nx

naw

"iwx

'

Tax na 3

.10 .nsiaxn nmx -noa (a). 8 ,'n'nas o'p'Tnai (a.), (a). .17 .o>iyn imxa (as). 15 .Via' i3'xk> (x).13 .onsnn (a) -r>i x>a laiaim (a),(a)|>3 lainm (x)JD'Tny Tn' (.) l3nx (>).24 .nx i> T*x *3 (a)|oxa7 -pas Vxia.u(>).22 s D>iy> (a)|i"iy nn inx 'a'nx (a). 25 ,in/x

nm

.mnx n>xn

7,13 :n'y' .1-2 n,i3 :n*ya7' .6-7 3,a :xi|?'i .17

143

[x/l3 TT] TQitn i>i3a.1 [iaiKn Tsn] iawi i3ii >33 aon nVcm _i:5in>_. J no Vaa 1 sn >a jnl w_yo 1 >ai 7i on 93 o>iyn iniK3 tfiT' oipa nfV nat k>1 nan d T '3^1 nin3S7 nx iia ix aoio> 'mattr ns'is nr Va? max xn na >y i3Tai 133 oia*n.5 Kin ixe?> x>n ns'is ixn dx ix> ix oi3 opitfi nnwa y?ixn >y sibp x> 3 Di3n na*ra n3xw iaxn oxi oViyn mika xin noiai vi>n> ix D3'> 'axrc nnnn >y nsys ix'n oi3* onvi> nnx tix n>sn onain >3.10 Diax i3E?o 'Jim naxn J3in >y 13d>i n^xn D33yn >3 >y o'i*i ani33 jya> Dn>y 3'n>i >ix> n>xn mVxum *naipn nya' x>i ion*ni naxm pixn 3TT3 Ji3 dix >3T OlKaWl] TO' On >K 110183 >xan T*a* 1*11ffX.15 nVxffn yia i>ai ion nun>w nVx3 xn n'lVn naiwxin cnsV > tf'i *"> "rp naanxi mno n*'wVwn >y n3ixin nx iai3> nw->wn n>xn i> o>cm ronn *3 -]> yin naisa tbix ix-113 mi3y3 [ina.Vaa] >inrcan.20 laipa rn xVn nai nat s>i innaa p*Tna n'm oViyn imxa oxnpn ta i> T3ia oipai bit na'iJt intfxi WQvrn nnn >ay mxi> 3ic?' x>i 13X TX 3 *X 0131 3U? '398 D'39 >3 laipa pv> n3T nxi 1133 i3in xin dx Dyn'.25

>

;'_

^03^

.l'Vai (3). 2 .ion [laien i'3ii] (x).1 laipa ntv (3),(xs).3 .n3T k>i nau ni'n> D^iyn mix ni' 13'?a (3)|n>xn o3"3yn >y oiax (>).11 .x> dx (xs).6 '3113. (>).14 ,o'3"3y >y Q'33 (x).15 .x>i .can rraa (3). 24 .ion [in3 >33] (x).20 .ion Oixawi]
Vin3
(5?). 2-3

wn

1,13 :ny7 .4 x>,t> :a*>nn . 15-16 T3,i :'>a .16

n,a,3
:ny?

.17

144
[3/T3 p] nnxa a' '3 D3'n 13 >yi ix> dxi.1 na3' ci3w i?win i m x n>yi n> n^'Ku? j^'yK oi?*T T?in i'3yn T'K laipa bit Kim o>iyn Jfii'V n>xwn -no xinw >xia i> px ik?x mn n^yan imx3 ipnn' n3iwxnn.5 >yi i3yn im i>xia 'Tfn >"t D'asn *ax 13T on"P3 d*33V i3T xV D"yx o'p'ixn on'iwx >33 imi'lia: oy^tsn^ncny xin ;n"3pni innaa rpw>wa ni>n xn miwxin *in p33yn nai nwx i> mn x>7 a mnxn nVxwn. 10 Ck nm 1**x anpn >xia iV <zr 13 i3 nT ix iaxi i*3X xin iityxnn mx i3y3 n>ni n>yiro VsnV i>-*inw irwxi nax -no inn nnn i>p inn '3 >3n nnn inx y-iT on>x > no? a T>X 3npn 1>X13 X3' D'33 >3 >y '3 'XT1 >3H.15 33BPW T3 >3m mix >xai mnswaa [my na]- Vy o^iyn ma ipnn'i 1X33 >"t *i3n max nai ipnnnV [hst] dxi nom -ino3 >na tst oip* x> '3 inn'a 1'xi mi oays.20 t Vy inxaios n3ie?XT33 "(3 >3 ?3iy >3p xVi nmx xaoan nx 9.3.K n3n o'Tin osn 'ax tion inn nx '3x n3K7i *ax na3 t '3 ina T33? onan ma T33 x>x ina 133 inai im x>i oman lixn> 'ixT ixi D*3'3a> 1133 xin i'3ym xpn. 25

mwvTns

mm

n>xm C3),(3s)f(xs)C3"i).10 .mi^x 03*nn 13 >yi (3).1 (xs).11 .nai 3tt?3 nn x> 'a (>)Imct3 n*n x> 8/n3Wi (x).17 .3W (a),(,(3o),(xs),(3i).16 .3npn..i>Kia j-iorn nyi?' 'a >y (>)[noni miyrc na >y,(s) |3**n naf rfa >y dxi (3) Men [n3T] (x).18 ,ri3T dxi 10m nsnya na >y (a) ,l3a> (3j,(.25'.nipn x> 3 (3). 19 .IpnnV n3T

x/ts :xai' .7 H3,i :nxn3 .14 3,t :n>np .23-24

145

[k/T3 *p]

Tiny> >3in on3-rn i>k Vaa a d3okv inivnTa.1 naK3 naK 'lax okhp ny'*nn> nzwn lain >y D*nsa na 9 M yKi >>3 mps>b bw Sa ninaa.i -paw s> xin aio i> 3ioi pix i3y jit -ribs y-ii P'ix i> 3ioi ?'is]'3y >3K TTiKn.5 T'ayn i> ni yn i> 3101 yn f* nnx -pi Vy oinon. *pava piay Kin run mips T3y >y iv mpa ~rnn iximai K'aam n w a mpan '3S> 1 3*3-1 na VK'nwpaiyn nn>x o*yn ttt yna naxc? la iaa.10 rnipan nnma [*iai] tik>i nnan o>an nx 'a iawm o>iya naitffn ix Kinn pamn una nyiavan min xa' iy dtk oiw> *ni 'n? mVa k>i ht >y om> Kin nx>rin i?3yi pna y>n i3ya.15 [n] n>ni n>yin 'a >y Kin a3Bn nom ona na> iniKi Y"i3 wan>i >ysan nx>n nvy'an nan py on3 ion Diy 03ki Kaa'v anT' tkb" Va > h t oaan 'ax -m'3 oa-nn> [kVisoi Knsya T3 >ya] i>y3a >C33U? 113.3 *131 nan fa D>a >03.20 p>oai I3aa pais nai>a vn Kin d3S Va >y 'a >v nsian iwayi iaaa in nn> >y3a mams paiy inoan' ona P>n i> naann >3n dt? Kim c>y3a3 i3Ypnw 'a w die?3 di>3 Vy3a3 pVn i> T'x '1.25

>mm

mm

mm

.mpso is otw (>).3 .o'Tatn n>K (a.) f (>).1 (a),( f (as>).7 .ITmn iiato (k).11 .mnx .ion ['mi] nymon (3). 12 (K)|ny>m (k).16 .pamn .-ion [Knj 1/Yixa nwn>i (as). 17 (k).19 .Y^X3 n?wan>i (3),(>) 30 K33 (a),(a'i)|>03 *i3i 30 (k).20 .ion ['mi Y3 >ya] .oVy3aa ip>n (3). 25 .nna ip>n (3). 23 . iai
e)>

(a). 4

mms

Ka,33 :>a .2 k,3 :na*i .10 n,3' :n'av .11 .-o,na :o'n3-r .15 3/T3 :ni3H3 .19-20

146

o>ny3 "ts.1 na o'Vysa "pays is* na r inn a'ta Yr nnn na i3an 'omak Vw pip^n Y'k *a 7'i nbb Vaai bfnax i> D'3S> nxTi *'s>t [>an dtp Kim ] 0T>aJy3a3 nai >a o>p> [n-nann Vyn n>ixan >yj >xiff*3.5 Tn3i i>y3 wx- !> m'pa >y3an'>y.T3 imx n*n'? 'ta iny-i> ynxa icnx T3ni3 >y3an n'rn i3yn >yi i3ipn 1'xw men nrnxa nan xat'w 'la

ma

nom

[a/T3 n]

Vm

tpnnan mana 033'i >y3aa >yaan na >yi xm no irrnval >y3.10 nm X3 na>a i'3y nn ircxai rmera Kin ina nnxm mfna na>e? i>an mo3> nxstf m*n im >yi >ysa nV my> isaa ncpa >d nx n>an n> -to/'I *ax3i nr naia rnnos >3 >y nayV >am *tk b'i *'na x>n na>.15 'pay nno 'a n> tm lias naia o'-inon npn tx> Txa iy Dsn o'Viia. an nmnn tcit ttoik n>np iso annsai n>am nny *ry nsTane? naa n> *n n>xn o*ino.a.a .mm T>y nn3 new >'aG?a >a>.20 l*3y [no] 'imina naxa xin D?ro ira ia Via'n xVitiancn 'fa >wan x> Days mxn n>ax> 7nx >"t *man itzn-n a>na nxanV -rnxi >ik/3> piay xin nm 3ina> 'Ken '3xi nxTisn naann 'pays. 25

imx noa

nom

Vy] (x).5 .Ton [>an dtp xim] (x).4 .D>iya V* (>).1 (3). 12 ,>y3an >yn3n nmx (3),(>).6 .Ton [ nai nVixan iinyV (as). 15 .n>ni nvn in >y (a). 13 .l>a> mo3> (a). 21 .non [110] (x).20 .paiy Vy (3). 22 .3>n3 -wa .nnx (,(as).23 .wa Ti>aci xVoirirn .nnx (y),(as).24 .naann paiya (3s).25

mcx

3/td :xnn3 X33

3,T

:o-iwn nw ema .2 03 :n3T n'K?XT3 t,t :tm .5

;

3,T

JD'TCT tk?

.1

td,t>

:d

o',aa

:ma

3,0 :*3 o'a'n 'T3T .14 X3,T :d'T3t .22 n,xso3*r naoa :xn>'aa

147

[x/n3 p]

nrn
_

oyom rma n>ir.1

.18B...pl
."l_T3.n.

..:

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.:...._.:

?_3

>x 13 w o3npyi o'smsi oa 13 '39>1 7X >3> 1*a 1>T' 1B7X o"n oa 1ff C7DB? DB70 O'XXT Mini. 3>nm 7133> f-a 0>T131 113'. Ti3n 3 on3 ianyn' >xi d xin * "iwxa * *|xi oyin in>33 -jean iiya xin pnn pi nan 3>nn to ?mn i3 >3 ypr.oya mir 13THTH T3 >yirmn npmn [on>] mvy> npn oy> i nTna3 nT T3731 onna i3mn> cays. 'a mma.10 m>a> apy n-an'-VT *13T 'axe? na inn inxn> txi
.1K33 3nyn

nxn [i33>] ypn nne n33 Tiaxn Vya ns>pn mVa> T333 yp nxnpsn man it p'tn x>e *"T3 na [iaaa p>no3i] imp nia >y ns9in rrnn xVpi iyiT3i lipna T3T dib7 ion> ri M apn nan x> 3sa n3'a.15 03K1 D'PTl .tarn o>iyn
iairi axia> i>ys *ix *\-\w\ nrn piosn 7ay nyr> t> w Dpny oai 1*3^3 inai lanoi i>a V"t *aon '3.20 rnzm nxT3 iocs s> ntn piosn >ax ntn Tayn ae onw imx3 it>13 nwx dtx 3a nyr>i npn> e? >3X anise on> 'msn X3i it aasnn 7103 piosn T3y naxn "\-n >y oXT3 on s"yx naT-ia....w3Ki opi* 3 t> yrn.25

Di3im onV

no

'

xin (xs).7 .tio >3> iaa 13T (kb)v4- .xin oyom (xs).1 ,(xo).10 .npimn on> mw?> (3),(a)jion [on>] (x).9 ov (a),(xs).13 .non [i'33>] (x).11 ,DinT3 i3mn> (>) (x).14 .man oxt on3 oi>ffn (a),(>),(aB)|n7&n it oi>rcn (xs).16 .im Die -iio'b? (xs).15 ,i3an p>no3i T3m ,nTn T3y3 (xs).21 .X3Ti3 3xi nw>n n^xwn

148

[a/m n] dtk '33a [on] ooiaa 0'33y ms 33 msff.1 oini ps?x"in dtk nnVi n navana iawa3 2? nnVi nn nT s> wns >w inarm i>y axw3i Twasw inKa o'amo onai o>3i mins inn>in om [xsan] i3yn d ia> oan oam i'3ni yaw cnx ia nny.5 Dianm *inaw naa mVnn >y irsia isid Tain 7ai ?ny imK noDW onai >"t npny ems nawan nao 'a nyr> i> w >3K o-TKa o'Dm'an nn-iri3 Kin 'sianpn d-tk Vy nwans wnj mis nao a osaxi iiu?x-in.10 aits Vy ooni'an on inn>rn'>3 xamtn nmx anon 'a yn *yi m?>n3 hno 'ne? in nao >yi Kin -rnx t^'kh -no a on iTa it nms3i it nana xai yin Vyi aion >y n'33?n >a xxan aion naoa Kinw na it nn>mn onV Dan oan T3ya Ksan ns's> '3 nn naoa xinw nTi.15 nmn> xai otk 3aa inaio inoana imna o'T-in '1XY 13XB7 KOn 1H3PT inX>C7 1 0B3n '33y ^a i3Wi rrnan x>i ni k> ons t*k iwx o'biw> nmT myna ni3X3 x>i isaa i3> no x> o>iyV naVi? n3?T ny> 'ni i>y *ax3i m>3m maann.20 1>i 'mai o'-inx on>x nnx na> nx ion [tw] 'iai oiaVa '-mxi D'ins n>x nmnwy nnx na>w Txa i'm>x> 3inx xinw hts osn Vy xin lni nam Va >yi nT >y nann >x >ax n>x3 onaia maann an mao oi>wn on 'a i>>n oT3 m.25

nm

(a),(xs).3 .ion [on] (K)|nni mx '33a (xs).1 ,13> o'n nam ya (a),(>).5 ."on [xxan] (x).4 .inaniT (a),(xs).19 .wn3n mix rowan a (xa).10 .wnan nawan (3). isaa mo x> o>iy> (a),(>).19-20 .maan nnT i3aa m3K3
T\>y
tk?3

,iaa> nx ion

ona73

(x).21 .n>ae?n maan nyow i'nVx> (3>|n>x d'T3T nvv>m

ie/3

nm

I3aa

max

x>i

TnVxV (V). 23-24

m30 m>wi

on

'a

(a),(>)|imaan

an

(3,),(xs).25 .n>xn .inaan an

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149

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150

omax ni inn oi>s?a xs*- oi>a >3 131 o>ixaa omax V'i [ noi J lai o'i7*-rxn x> onoi ma ona ono> 103330 nyanx 7*an ox inx ywVxi naw3.10 laoona a nasion nss a nxm inx >x mpata mr nso xim nnaoi m"3yi nnVwaa nxii npn iae?a p>m iaana o*3s >3 >y '3 i3iy x<zm db?xi na3 x> 0303 -inx xnpsi law nx xe?3 [inx >xs] ipanni oyo i> n>n tbxo yominVyaa x'aan pi ip3"rn.15 n' 1x113 ny-r> it nao "inx nyiVi mpn> *n>i ixon unpn oy 3"3y nmx mnx naoa i3a3i inn isnax ircx nao Vx *" nax'i i3iax o'3i3T nx [np i>] ynn isnax -wx inx >x nao *iai o'3i3T nwx >c? maom ma-nan on o'3i3T 'T^'i.20 mT ntpxa "pa> n"y na>? *ax n>yi mi n?x npi i>*i *ax -no inn np'Vnn n'Tox n'Tasa T'ani I'naia ns >3nc naia o>3T na naa nx ns T*-iia ^=n TKt/yjni yii P'ts otx tx o 'axa inti o>iy3ff nn>inn >3 T3wa3 xnn [nn303i].25
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151

[k/d n] xonai n>>in jiiya in >xne;* n*no.T o'xn.l 3nan n>i n Y k d 3 3 Ya >y "" a 'ax [nao ]" 12 n xVx oVi ya na "j'naia. >anw >"t oaan nox ht >yi it xamT [a] oVan na an naon xn mi>inn nax>a naa. inT^unyn nan na nyn nan n>an na ib/vs nwxa xn.5 [nanax] nwxa iwxnn oik Vbt mn>nn onix.T'ay. Kami naxnam nnnx iwas im*na n>nna Tins Dxan >a>i onxai .nnnnai mna it Tmxa iTn xamTn na^an nao mmn> xai naaa ixjt'w nn>inn Vy oxan ma.nnan.10 nxa 7>xn nao Vcrnaitfxnn nannan xn it D'pTl >yi mnVina pann> naitpxnn naerann xm ynn nnx nyn> ap.m -myan nai> nsn opi'i 'axa .it nawan my>n nao nmx -inx naan inawa xnonV opt? 'a [ix] it narcan 'n>a 'a ianpa ynn. 15 ana ntzrx ynn naniT ie?aa T>'Kn nao mna >ax omx nmyai a*pai oxna3a n^as xnm nanpa

nmx

na [kw] xxan Txaai o>iy mmn> oxan >aai xaniT.20 nwxa 7>'xatff ynn moa xnn nao > manna Dpi' xin "pewnm i>xa aion nsa manna *i in ma? naoa xsan x> o>iy> 'a [nanax] n?x s>3 ik *pyna,a 'n>iT nnnx maw nxa? *sa oi>a?na

mn>inn mnmynn> Kini.inava my* ne;x wxa >'om nin >y xa new aianpn wnan tmx naoa

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152

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153

[x/xo *n]
13 iwpns i^x nT i>'x >y natm tnan.1 , 3 e-a^x-i- yin T'3i 31 on i '3 w.'s? 11 ?'M n n3e?an 11 a>iy> aion ixa iVw en** na i?3"t3ff 'a in imx3 7333n DS7n '09870 '3 D'OBW 1K?y XT HN1 1 n1n -wx wxti inn 3ion in ?x'ri3i inns -ia3 t a3.5 ax3 .ixn imxa mai*ran tid on 1x33 wx TTOI 13X3 131 ID Xnpn> '1X1 D'3S >3 >y 1X33 Q'a 13 [i'x] iwx nT ii3 '3 law ixa x>an nxsn con3 '3ij?yi D'ems >3x] 13 i'x o'a nT ii33 ii&x 3iaipn cn3 '3 [13 w -|> 'nwy "tw n3 on i>w mnian ^d i3iax.10 *nr am xin '3 |ipn nr xij?3 13 >xn imoi rcnsn '|w '3 -rnx i'3yi inxi'a x'n it xin ht >yv 'ax ix wnsn too manaa [n'y?3inj omx 1*3 lax imxs mi'n3 "p 1> nwy rit&aV ax n'

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154

[3/ko *|i] 3X ia> n'3ix.1 Daw3 sx> o'nsiyn omx> M ._. __ 3KB._T> 'IX > T IIBKI 3X10 1> 'IK T3y3 ['D*avav 3o ny inaxi 3Xia ny nVsx infi] b'WSfc DniK> o3ix ibwi [3xia>] i>y3 nw*t 7'3y3 nnx o*3va'3-i o'j?3i d3'ki d?bv3v 3xa on B33y maixn ikb? '3 it naix> x>x mn naix.5 dh Vxnw 'n>iT ana ansoi o?3i3i bn'nnx o'3>m 13 >yi b'aw3 sxa ,imn '3a omx mon> onnnx_D'3a3i pi3'n> xxan x> oViyV >"t max TX33 Drf? DWT1IfllK CI303 D>iy3 n31 01 T3a7.10 nmx [on> >i3X3 'd] on> >3K'w iy 13173 n^x xonn nsffan nan y303 [is] 13 y3B3 13'x ynn nso ns^an 713'rin Kxan tk on>n i>3X3i n3ixn33 nx' 73> on? Taa nn x> na tso Kin news Kim xamm nmx i3in3 y303 mi'n3.15 [i>x] >3 '3 nyn> w 03ax n>9X3 myn eraa' oi'a dix3 mxxas maman TaT iy xmi o>iyn to nxp n3n> on> >3ix xm nsinnxn naman x'n iti n'3n> inVnn imxa.20 vdo D7XB73 nx>m ixsa i3aa no i3"3yi ins 'S3 [nx>m nrca] >3i yasn oixn >y ni3a3i mmis in maman i>x [ini'n iy] mix nswoa i>x >3 >y io>Km nnnx nn a 13 ansri' hck '93 nx>m o?ai naw 1>'X iniK3 nwK 31C33 psinV T'3 niKn.25 T'3i
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156

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157

[x/ao n] y Tan> nnV in' x>i naxn ito>. nu?KD n? i3ya o'sainn Dnms>?n tid a yai-nynnv i3Tax man oy' o*an*'. bni'..D3*.a.yi mioa nixn >y -j*naa yann' a itioi tiis Vas ons opan nnna nsiaan -no mi 'a D3ax p.ikn" nx.5 oniK?93a o'xonV mp>n> nyin T>an ? D7K '3a 1K HT C1>3 '3 K1H 13ipm 0>iyn "flW [aio Txa] an ca nam >"T o'aan 'axi ixna 03ip> d'rt xin a man ix>a ni ikb '.Dfii-nn- ix>a nt bVi.yn.Tnx.10 oKa3n >a i3i nun >y n"apn i> nax o>iyn ra nayn> nanw nwa> xi n n>iyn iiu a en nan iV ia'ix in i*3aV m>a> nanu? i33X ap.yv inr '3 osaxi. Vy n>y oxi isaa n33tz? np>no3i ypn nx nnsn i33> ynnV pa i33X ipvw inyi.15 m>3.3 [nyn miwai ns-r] x'sinVi ni3innxn i> *7i on> xa x> ii7xnn T'Tyi innxn nnw m>an imxa nsiwxnn msn nn> yTin> i>ao nx nx>i onsa > VisoV >x-wV tanV on> ni>a> nxn x> xim on> xs xV 7"7yi.20 oikoV is >a xnn nnn di3>i n>>n fnnxn ntn m>am ynn -pix tni33 T3in onV y*nw:a nnyw mxV n'T '3 Ta iV D'aan naxor na '3 oiVan on >ax mn x> ypn nx anV m>a> wpa >"t.25
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158

[a/ao n] nai'Vy naan no' >y x>x nax.1 3x ic?3yi 7iD '3 "i> y-rn nax 3ci33 oivrin nx i> n^aa [naaian] ntsya no Kim nas ictx naxn naxn no xm nctrnpn -ic?x man a o3axi 03 bk riizan *n>it' tuk I**w naxn no Kin onoaB.5 oin'nna ia oa ixnpa mo*>pn ociix mo? paina man ia, mo*>pn nonsi man ra3 ms'>pn i>sx nax X>1 TiaX OB? 1138 o: inn-Tiax ;:K>V<ni9*>p xVx ixips l>bn >>3 o<zrian inaKVaa mix '3 oa ax msVpm yp xipsn Kin 'ax ncyx man. 10 is las nisVpm T'a'n yp xipsn xm man yp owa ixnps Tioa on> [ixip] inn YP ix-ips mas opsins *ia >3 yp oan yp Tx*n yp xn ca'n yp nnnn im'pn Tx 3 ipm xm n>3n >3>i itfn> o yp nywa V't oa3n 'ax inn Tiaaen n>3n n>iT..15 ins> lax ypV i> nnxi yxm* n M 3pn ax i> 'ax pa'n yp> ix o'an yp> yp nT xV o>iy > nia no Vy lira 1X33 i'an ypV i>ma?

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159

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160

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161

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PAST
III

The "Book of the Balance"

A Summary
of the

Content

163

The Book of the Balance

Introduction

(k/x,1 - a/a, 25)

The introduction contains the data about the author,

the name and division of the book, its date and place of

composition and the name of the person to whom this

writing is directed or addressed.

Moses de Leon ex,

plains also the intention of the Book of the Balance

or,

as he rather prefers to call it, the Book of the

.

Wise Soul

The book is meant to be an introduction to the

Kabbalah.

The key to the understanding of the world of

.

the Sefiroth

is the understanding of one's own soul.

"I had to write first about the secrets of the soul,

because a man who wants to enter the interior of the

palace of the King, should first know his own soul."

2)

Man's soul is a model for understanding the higher realm

of the Sefiroth . because the soul is patterned after
them, as the Sefiroth are patterned after the Creator.

The propaedeutics to kabbalistic metaphysics is thus the kabbalistic psychology.

In this psychology,

theory

and praxis are narrowly related.

"A man who knows the

highness of the soul and its essence will henceforth

understand and penetrate with his innermost thoughts the
secrets of the nature of the Kingdom; he will discipline

himself in order to purify and prepare his soul carefully

164

for judgment; he will support it with truth,

and righteousness."
3)

justice

In the introduction is also given a short synopsis

of the different subjects that will be dealt with in

connection with the soul.

soul;

The degrees and origin of the

its essence and qualities; its descent from the

higher world, where it pre-existed, into an impure and

perishable body; its separation from it in the mystery
of death; the hereafter, Paradise and Gehenna, and the

secrets of "the world to come"; the mystery of the

resurrection of the dead, a resurrection of the identical

bodies, to be united with their previous soul, and the
sense of this reunion of the soul with a material and

vile body, which could, in the opinion of the author, be

construed as an objection against God's wisdom, as a
5) mockery of God and derision of His creatures.'

The book is written "according to the wisdom that

was given to Moses on Sinai".

6)

This is the wisdom that

wise men have always searched after and pondered, a wisdom that is "precluding and precluded, except for the

ancient wise men which had attained the highest degree,

and were the receivers of the (kabbalistic) tradition of
the Torah from Mount Sinai.""

Moses de Leon warns the

reader not to confound the true wisdom with the "conjectural knowledge of the philosophers."
In other words,

he presents his book as authentic kabbalistic doctrine.

165

This transcendental, superior wisdom, often referred to

as "the wisdom", speaks only in mysteries and secrets

o\

"measured with the mystery of wisdom's balance."

The

pun on the -title of the book, the Book of t he Balance,

here is evident.
The great central secret that Moses de Leon indicates

in this introduction, and which can be seen as a key to

the understanding of the whole book, is "that all being

is derived from the reality of the Tetragrammaton of the

Creator" and from the "pattern of the Four Living Beings"

and that everything is contained in the hidden meaning of
the Torah.

This gives us the clue that also the mystery

of the human soul is to be derived from the secret of the

Divine Ham e YHWH, and

from the "Four Living Beings", in

The deeper

other words, from the world of the Sefiroth .

sense of the Scriptures will show this intimate relationship between the understanding of the soul and that of
the Sefiroth .

The book will consist of five parts, as the author

announces in the introduction, which in fact will be six

parts, or better, five parts and an appendix.

Part One

(3/?, 25 - 5/?}19)

The content of the first part deals with the essence

and origin of the soul, and its relationship to the body.

The discussion starts by taking issue with the philoso-

phers.

The philosophic terminology seems to come "close

166

to the truth", when it is said that the rational soul

emanates from the radiating light of the Active Intellect.

Also the tripartite division of the soul according to the

three Hebrew expressions for soul:,

nefesh

ruah and

neshamah, seem to correspond to similar theories of the

Kabbalah.

As to the tripartite division of the soul in

the vegetative soul, the sensitive

the philosophic way:

soul,

and the rational soul; this distinction is far from

the kabbalistic interpretation.

the "real truth",

The kabbalistic doctrine of the soul is derived from

the "true reality of the Creator".
In the mystery of the

Divine Name one

and essence.

can.

find the origin of man's existence

Man combines in himself the three worlds,

.

three layers of existence, beri'ah

creation, formation, and making.

yetsirah and

asiyah

The three worlds form

one undivided, unity.

Man is singled out to represent

these three layers of existence under the moon sphere,

which is the borderline between the spiritual and material

world.
Therefore man is "destined to worship his Maker

and to know his Creator and His glory, as it is said:

everyone that is called by my name, for my glory

created him, I formed him, even I made him (Is. 43,7)"

This- verse reveals the mystery of man.

He is called. by

"the name of the Creator", and he is part of the world of creation, formation, and making.

Corresponding to

this is the prayer in Shaharit

"forming the light,

167

creating the darkness, making peace."

The prayer contains

at the same time the clue to the meaning of these three

worlds.

Light, Darkness, and Peace are the fourth, fifth

and sixth sefirah, together forming one unit, namely Mercy and Power blended together into Peace.

They are the three

that come "as one voice" out of the supernal "chambers of

their instruction", an allusion to the three highest

Sefiroth

In between the upper hidden realm of the first

three Sefiroth and the lower ones, symbolized in the

Throne,
the three worlds occupy a pivotal position.
11)

They

are the Sefiroth "that uphold the Throne."

In a similar way the human soul is also a replica

of this supernal archetype in its tripartite division:

nefesh, ruah, and ne sham ah

Preceding a more explicit

exegesis of each of the three divisions of the soul, a

compact description follows of the sefirotic world.
YHTrtH

is the Holy Name out of which everything is derived under the image of the "River flowing forth from Eden in order
to water the Garden (Gen. 2,10)," an allusion to the six

middle Sefiroth conveying the hidden life from the Blnah

(Eden) to the Malkuth (Garden).

The River is also the

"Brilliant Mirror", and the "Ever Green Cypress", or the

"Tree of Life" in which all blessing is contained, whence

everything comes forth, the whole existence in all its

ramifications, ever since "the days of creation".

This

gigantic tree has a dimension that reaches the mystical

168

number of "a 500 years journey", a ten-fold fifty, which

stands for the third sefirah, Binah, where the Tree of

Life is rooted.

The trunk, or the heart of this tree is

Israel, the central or fifth sefirah .

Changing from the

imagery of the tree to the very kabbalistic imagery of the

human body, Israel is also called "the Spine" of the

sefirotic body, which keeps the body upright and sustains
it.

All these mysteries are included in the mystical

.

meaning of the lulab

a "heart
(

The world lu-lab has "in it (lu)"

let) )",

which has as its numerical/equivalent the

Here one discovers the thirty-two

number thirty-two.

"hidden paths of wisdom", i.e. the ten Sefiroth and twenty

letters of the Hebrew alphabet.

Each path has a guardian

who watches over this secret access to the Tree of Life.

The Tree of Life is referred to in the verse:

"I am

the ever green cypress.

From me thy fruit is found (Hos.

They

14,9)."

The crop of the mystical tree are the souls.

are all the "fruit of the Holy-Blessed-Be-He, who places

them in Eden. From there they receive their fitting

place in accordance with their corresponding degree in

the Supernal Building."
12)

This already suggests that

corre-

the difference between the pre-existing souls,

sponding to the different Sefiroth .

The mystery of the threefold soul is taken up again..

Nefesh is the soul whose function it is to uphold the

body, to keep it alive, and to guide it in all its

169

functions.

According to Gen.

9,

4-5,

the nefesh is

connected with the blood of man.

blood.

It is located in the It is

Ruah is the force that upholds the nefesh .

the "breath of life". When the ruah withdraws, the nefesh

also disappears.

This is the secret of death.

Heshamah

is the true "understanding that is drawn from the Fountain of Life, from the Source of Insight, and wisdom makes its

honorable habitation in the body in order to establish all

in the service of the Creator, blessed be He."
13)

Man, as a microcosm, is superior to all other

creatures.

He is created in the image of God (Gen. 9,6).

The expression "created in the image of God - ELoHYm" is

significant.

This particular divine name suggests a

EL and YaH .

composition of two elements:

Like man who

is composed of matter and form, body and soul, the divine

name has an operating and a receiving element YaH is the

active element, EL the receiving.
three highest Sefiroth
:

YaH refers also to the

Keter

Hokhman. and Blnah re-

presented by the first two letters of the name YHH,

whereas WH represents the six central Sefiroth

()

and the

Malkuth
Sefiroth

(H)

which receive everything from the three upper

.

(YH)

In the image of the sefirotic man they are

the "head of the body", in which all the wisdom is con-

tained.

So also in man, wisdom is seated in the head.

But as creature he "bows his head in reverence" before

God's wisdom and knowledge, i.e. before the head of the

170

SefjLroth,

the root and origin of all being.

The second

sefirah, Wisdom, is symbolized as the "Supernal Point",

the beginning from which all draws forth.

The third

sefirah is called "Holy of

Holies'.',

"Interior Palace", in
to

which all strength is gathered and ready to be brought

daylight by the Creator.

The body of man lives and moves by the power of his form,
.

the soul in the image of the divine name ELoHYm,

14)

where YH is "the boatsman of the vessel"

of its

guiding force.

When the soul -leaves the body, it is like

What:.

YH leaving ELoHYM. and dumbness.

we find then is ELeM, silence

After this exposition of what man is, the question

is asked:

who is man?

The body or the soul?

The body

"coming from a putrid drop, flesh full of worms and

15)

grubs",
says:

can hardly be called God's image.

But Job

"Thou hast clothed me with skin and flesh, and hast

This shows

fenced me with bones and sinews (Job 10,11)."

that the body is only "man's garment" and that only the

inner part carries the name "man", and is God's image.

Though the River and the Tree are the supernal

origin of the souls who pre-exist in a very fine form

like "spiritual contours", they only come to dwell in the
body through the union of male and female.

Man's at-

traction to woman is indicated as the cause of the

earthly existence of the souls, who wait in turn to come

171

into this world and be lodged in the body.

The relationship, of body and soul might seem a very

negative one after the previous description of the body.

Moses de Leon emphasizes that body and soul stand in a

relationship of mutual need." As the soul is the life for

the body,
so the soul

needs the body as an artist needs

his tools.

The body is instrumental for the soul "to

show deeds", but the body cannot act without the soul, as
the tools are useless without the artist.
17)

The body of

man has all the elements of the material world.

As the

soul represents the upper realm and is an image of God,

so the body represents the world and is an image of the

cosmos.

In the combination of both, man is the dualistic

being katexagen.

"Every thing is drawn after its kind.

The body strives
I

The soul wants to ascend to its Creator.

G\

downward after the nature of all corporeal things."

However, this indicates at the same time the great

mission of the soul "to represent the divine reality" in

the nether world,
so

that upper and lower world will be in

perfect harmony.
be chaotic.

Without the soul the nether world would

On the other hand, without its earthly

existence the soul would be imperfect.

the body can the soul attain perfection.

Only in union with

It returns to

its Creator after death "perfected by the world above and

the world below.

Only then is it complete, for it was

In this way

wanting before it descended into this world.

172
19)

the soul will find its perfection from all sides."

This is the greatness of body-soul relationship.

Part Two

(a/T,19 - a/"io,16)

This part deals with the fate of the soul after

death.

As in the first part, Moses de Leon starts by reThe argument with the philoso-

futing the philosophers.

phers goes beyond their opposition to the Oral Tradition

concerning the fate of the soul after death.

"As high

as the heavens are from the earth, are my ways from your

ways, and my thoughts from your thoughts (Is. 55,9).

can our knowledge and our thinking conceive something

How

that transcends, it, namely the thinking of the Creator,

blessed be He.

His knowledge is perfect compared to ours

Does not the Tor ah

and compared to the thinking of man.

contain God's thinking and the perfection of His knowledge?"

20)

Revelation and rational thinking are two

.

different things.

God accompanied the giving of the Torah

with thunder and lightning in order to inculcate in man

the heavenly origin of this truth.

Moses needed to re-

ceive the Kabbalah on Sinai to be able to understand this

transcendental wisdom.

Aristotle with all his intelli-

gence could not arrive at the faintest notion of this

true wisdom.

Moses de Leon accuses here also the "philoso-

phers from among the sons of our Torah" who made Aristotle their authority, and who claimed to have arrived at the
same truth "without lightning and thunder, for Aristotle

173

told them the same things quietly and softly."

These

philosophers interpret To rah and Oral Tradition according

to the "guess work of philosophy", hut in the eyes of the

people they "behave as if they were true believers.

They

fear to be stigmatized' as men "lacking in faith and religion,

They do not know that even those sayings of the wise of
blessed memory and the stories of the Torah that seem of
no relevance contain revealed wisdom.

Only the truly wise

men know how

to find this

hidden wisdom that escapes the

"natural philosophers" and the "followers of the guesser

(Aristotle)."
?1
)

After this long argument with the

philosophic tendencies in Judaism of his time, the author

"returns to his subject."
22)

Ten questions come up to be answered:

to whom be-

longs the soul after death"?; where does the soul go?;

what is the nature of the soul after death?; does it know

the former body?J does it remember the former life?; is
the soul happy to leave this world?; is there a judgment

for the soul?j will there be a punishment?; how can the

soul be judged?; what kind of punishment is there for the

soul? These questions are not answered in systematic order.

First another exposition on the secrets of the Tree of Life

"from which the souls blossom" is given.
The Tree of Life
It measures

extends in the four directions of the world.

nine "alkesons"

'

to the east, nine to the north, nine

174

to the south and nine to the west.

The heart of the tree

consists of the holy ones of Israel, the fruit of the

Holy-Blessed-Be-He..
This is the fruit of which is written

"bringing fruit after its kind (Gen. 1,11)."

Only the

souls of the righteous come from the Tree and are its fruit.

Not all souls are of the same origin, as there is a difference between nefesh
..

ruah, and ne sham ah

The ne sham ah

alone comes from. the tree.

The Gentiles and the wicked

.

have no neshamah but only a nefesh

The holy souls have

their origin in the source of holiness and truth, the

Bin ah
,

whence the River draws its life. and energy.

The

source of evil draws from the side of the Evil Urge,

which is the place of Impurity and Pollution, and its

origin is called Slohlm Aherim
.

Strange Gods.
,

24)

It is

from this side, the Sitra Ahrah

that the souls of the

Gentiles, unbelievers, and those who defile themselves

emanate.

Their breath of life (ruah), is from the place

Therefore a Gentile defiles as long as his

of Impurity.

ruah is in him, i.e. while he is alive.

After his death

25)

he cannot defile, because the impure ruah has left him.

After this digression about the origin of the Gentile

soul, Moses de Leon returns to his subject and deals now

with the question whether the soul knows its previous

state on earth and remembers its body.

Basing himself

on sayings of the rabbis, largely aggadic material, the

author explains that the body after death is not a lifeless

175

object.

The dead are aware of what happens around them.

They should be treated with reverence, and they can be

asked to intercede.

Not only does the soul mourn for the

body and remember its body, also the body keeps longing
for- its soul.

The "natural philosophers" had brushed

aside these popular beliefs and stated that the soul, being
a simple substance,

cannot mourn or feel sorry over the

body.

The objection of the philosophers is not refuted,

but Moses de Leon refers here to his Sefer ha-Rimon . where

he dealt with this question.

He scoffs at the opinion of

the philosophers concerning the soul in the hereafter and

emphasizes the necessity to believe in the Oral Tradition

as a sure guide to truth instead of relying upon Aristotle.

How can the soul be judged?

The soul has its origin

in "the. reality of the Creator" and being the image of

God it shares in the Divine Reality.

How can God stand

in judgment over Himself?

The soul, being pure, neverthe-

less gets soiled during its contact with the material

world.
All stains that* the earthly existence have left
The soul is processed The

upon the soul have to be removed.

through fire to be cleansed from its impurity.

purifying force of fire is demonstrated by the legendary

salamander who is fabled to live in fire.
from the wool of the salamander
in fire.
To whom does the soul belong after it leaves the
(

A cloth woven

sic l) can only be washed

176

body?

What is its nature?

If the soul is pure or purified

and if it is "adorned with good deeds" its place will be

Eden, where the soul will feast and enjoy the "light of
.

life."

This light of life leads to a new digression.

The

light is most pure and resplendent close to its origin.

It diminishes in "lightness" the farther it is removed from

its source.

This symbolizes the different levels of

existence, one and the same substance repeated in different

degrees of intensity.

This is the secret of the single

and unique pattern that pervades everything, according

to

which the nether world is a copy of the supernal world.

This is the secret of the two Jerusalems, the celestial

Jerusalem and the terrestrial, the heavenly Eden and the

earthly Eden, the supernal River and its replica, the river
of Eden here on earth. Of all that exists in the upper

world there can be found a visible model here on earth.

The. Garden of

Eden is a reality here on earth.

Again

Moses de Leon delves into aggadic sources and tells how

the entrance to the terrestrial paradise is to be found

close to the cave of Macpelah where the body of Adam

rests.

After death, a soul that is worthy will be united

with Adam in the cave of Macpelah and from there enter

paradise on earth.
It will enjoy the splendor of this

paradise as a gradual preparation for the brilliant light

of the

heavenly paradise.

The soul is shown the models

of the "awe inspiring essences" of the supernal world.

177

It is given the "rabbinical garment"

27

'

and its stage in

the paradise on earth is a process of acclimatization for the heavenly Eden.

The ascent of the soul after death seems to be rather

a descent into the earth (through the cave of Macpelah)

This could be objected to the traditional concept that

the soul "ascends" after death.

Moses de Leon explains

Ascent is only delayed,

that this objection is not valid.

and there is a small category of the righteous who ascend

immediately.

They are the "sons of ascent that are few"

'

of which the Talmud speaks.

Even Moses needed to get

accustomed gradually to the splendor of the Brilliant

Mirror.
A difference in the fate of the soul after death

depends also on the place where it leaves the body.

If

the place of death is Israel, no "foreign ruler" nor evil,

spirit can interfere with the immediate ascent of the soul,

because the land of Israel is the place where only the

Lord rules.

If death takes places outside the land of

Israel, the soul, being in the domain of foreign powers

(the realm of
"

Aher ", "the other one") is hindered in its

"

ascent.

It will have to pass

gilgulim " (reincarnations)

until it escapes the authority of "the other."

Thus it is

of no avail to have one's body buried in Israel, for the

soul left the body outside the land.
The Garden of Eden is also the "bundle of life" where

178

the souls cf the righteous are united with the Creator*

They en^oy the splendor of paradise and are nourished by

its light.

This is the light and splendor that radiates

from the. River Which flows forth from. Eden, conveying the

spiritual radiance of the mystery of the World to Come,

the Holy of Holies, namely the Binah, The verse:

the third sefirah.

"Who will ascend the mountain of the Lord and

who will stand in the place of His holiness (Ps. 24,3)

is explained as in the Midrash of the Psalms (Ps.
11),

as

referring

to.

the celestial and the terrestrial paradise.

To ascend the Mountain of the Lord is to ascend to the

heavenly paradise.

This mountain is called "Lebanon",

"Mountain of Myrrh", "Lamp of the Lord", and is an allusion

to the

fifth sefirah .

It is the mountain that contains

the blessing for all the other "high mountains", according

to the central position of the fifth sefirah .

Beauty,

within the six central Sefiroth .

The "standing in the

place of holiness" refers to the paradise on earth, which

is the most exquisite place of this world, located direct-

ly under the celestial paradise, whence it receives the

blessings "as from the high mountains."

In this lower
the.

paradise there are many compartments, or palaces:

palace of the Patriarchs which is the highest of all, a

palace for the pious of Israel, a palace for those who were martyred for the sanctifi cation of the Name, a palace for the proselytes headed by Onkelos the proselyte,

179

one for the ten martyred of the kingdom, and one for all

those who suffered in this world.

These palaces are not

the compartments of the heavenly paradise, for they were

seen and visited by rabbi J ehoshua ben Levi, who could not

have entered the heavenly paradise while still being in

the body.
Besides these palaces which are all built from

precious stones, a whole inventory is given of the things

contained in the earthly paradise.
They correspond to the
the trees,

folkloristic descriptions from aggadic sources:

the balsams, the scent of the perfumes, the tree of life

and the tree of knowledge of good and evil,

the spiritual

essences, the awe-inspiring designs* the secrets of the

mysteries of the hidden supernal world, the secrets of

heavenly paradise.
The reality
o-f

the place here on earth is important

for Moses de Leon.

As in his Shekel ha-Kodesh

29)
.

he

relates the story of the ancient wise men of Greece, who

knew about its existence.

They took council and set out

to find the place in order to take from the tree of life

in the garden to gain eternal life and to give from the

tree also to others.

They followed the Euphrates upward

until they were at a half mile's distance from the garden

of Eden.

The flame of the zig-zag sword consumed them

and burned them.

With them all the true wisdom of the

ancient wise men of Greece was lost.

Moses de Leon is

180

convinced that the ancient Greeks knew the wisdom of the

Kabbalah as the "wise men of our Torah" who studied and knew the true wisdom.
"But then came other learned men

and Aristotle with his friends who sought wisdom in guess

work.

They have neither part nor lot in the wisdom

30)
'
'

of.

the Torah."

Paradise contains the secrets of this world and the

mysteries of the supernal world.

and the same mystery,

Both are united in one

the world above and the world below

are called with one name:

"world of souls."

Part Three .

(a/io,16 - 3/3,5)

The Gehenna is the subject of this chapter in the

treatise.

As paradise had an upper and a lower Eden, so

the supernal and terrestrial hell are a perfect parallel. The Gehenna on earth is located in the Valley of Hinnom,
ge - Hinnom . hence the name:

Gehenna.

Its nature is the

everburning fire.

This hell fire is an emanation from the

primordial fire (the element fire) that has its origin in

the sefirah Din
,

which in its turn is emanated from "the

It corresponds to the left side

light of the Creator."

of the Sefiroth
.

The primordial fire is called Pear of

Isaack, according to the verse:

(Oant. 3,8)" which was explained^

"from the fear at night

31
'

as the fear for the

Gehenna, because,

says Moses de Leon, the Gehenna emanates

The Gehenna on earth is an ema-

from the sefirah Pear.

nation from the supernal Gehenna, derived from the element

181

fire, which is a "very thin and spiritual fire but stronger

than any other kind of fire."

One of its qualities is that

it can burn the souls who are also of a very fine and

spiritual substance.

This etherial hell-fire coming from

a higher degree in the Sefiroth is thus more immaterial

than the souls, which come from the heart of the Tree.
The fire comes from the sefirah Sin
,

the "Day of the lord

that is coming, burning like an oven (Mai. 3,19)."

The
.

"fiery substance" of the Lord, represented in the Sefiroth

finds its allusion in the verse:
a consuming fire

"for the Lord thy God is

(Deut.

4,24)."
32)

The hell-fire according to the Midrash

was

created on the second day of creation.

The angels created

on the same day are of more "extreme nature" than the

angels who were created on the other days.

called "the spirits" according to the verse:

They are
'''Who

makes

his angels spirits:

4)."

his ministers flaming fire (Ps. 104,

These spirits return every day to their place of

origin and melt away in the fire but are returned anew,
as it is said:

"They are new every morning:

great is

thy faithfulness (Lam. 3,23)."

A fire that can comsume

angels,

can also burn the souls of men.

Like Paradise, the Gehenna has many compartments.

Each compartment is reserved for a particular class of
sinners.

After this brief statement, Moses de Leon re.

turns to a lengthy exposition about the nature of the

18:2.

different kinds of fire.

The fire of the altar of sacri-

fices was lighted from heaven and hence of celestial nature,

It did not need to be extinguished or relighted.

The smoke

of the altar-fire took the shape of a lion or a dog,

show-

33) ing thus whether the sacrifice was acceptible or not.

Another celestial fire was the fire that accompanied the

Lawgiving on Sinai.

It caused fear and terror in all

those who witnessed it (cf. Leut. 18,16).

This fire is
34)

the fire that gives life to the souls of the righteous,

who cleave to it as the source of life, as it is said:

"But ye that did cleave unto the Lord your God are alive
every one of you this day (Deut. 4,4)."

One more kind, of

peculiar fire is a fire that did not burn or consume, i.e.

the fire of the burning bush.
(cf. Ex.

3,2).

The tables

of the covenant were written in letters of white fire on

black fire.

There is red fire, black fire, white, and

green fire, and all these types of fire have their own
qualities.

This excursion into the medieval "pyrology"

.

should demonstrate the particular quality of the infernal

fire.

Every soul has to pass through the fire of the Gehenna, except the souls of the righteous, who return

immediately after death "to their tent of origin" and are

nourished by the light of the Brilliant Mirror.
souls of the wicked is reserved another fate.

For the

First Moses

de Leon refutes the concept that the souls of the sinners

183

after death are taken up by the wheel of the sun, driven

around the world, above and below, continually pushed and
.driven around by the burning sun, until their punishment'
is completed.

This idea was based on the verse:

"and

the souls of thine enemies shall he sling out, as out of

the middle of a sling (I Sam. 25,29)."

This idea is

absolutely wrong in kabbalistic doctrine and distant from

the truth "as the East from the West!"
The souls of the

sinners will be punished in the Gehenna, and there they

will be "flung from one torture to another, and driven

from place to place inside the Gehenna."
35)

After purification in the terrestrial hell, the

soul is admitted to the earthly Eden and is there pre-

pared for the life in the supernal world, as is already

explained in part two.
Though the soul is thoroughly

cleansed by the terrestrial hell-fire, it needs still a

purification by the supernal Gehenna before entering

heavenly Eden.

This last cleansing is like a ritual

immersion, so that the soul might be completely clean

before it appears in front of the Lord.

In this way the

parallel between the two Gehennas and the two Edens is

perfect.
Hell has a double function.
and it punishes the sinners.
It cleanses the soul,

Punishment is therefore
"whom He

nothing else but a medicine, as it is said:

will wound, He will heal also (cf. Deut. 32,29)."

184

Another wrong interpretation of hell is that the souls

will be cleansed in the "fiery river", the river
(cf.

Mnur

San. 7,10)

The river Dinur is nothing else but the

"perspiration of the Living Beings" and differs thus from

the Gehenna, which emanates f rom the primordial fire in the
.

sefirah Din

The Gehenna on earth is compared to the

supernal Gehenna as the dregs to the good wine that is on

top of them. The wine is only "good" because it rests on

top of the lees.

Three categories appear on the day of judgment:

the

righteous, the wicked, and the neutrals.

They are written

in the three books that will be opened on the day of judg-

ment.

The righteous are written in the book of life,

the

wicked are consigned to death.

Life and death are not to

be confounded with earthly life and earthly death, but

with life of the soul, or its defiency.

Want of life is

experienced in Gehenna, because the soul lacks the continual emanation of the blessings and of light from the

higher degrees that descend through the River to the

"Bundle of Life."
The neutrals have an 'equal balance of

virtues and sins and cannot be assigned to either life or

death.
To them is given the mystery of the "days of

Repentance."
The mystery of the ten days of repentance between

Rosh haShanah and Yom Klppur of which the rabbis of

blessed memory speak
ten Sefirpth.
36) '

are a mystical allusion to the

When one counts the days, they are actually

185

seven.

Moses de Leon gives now the kabbalistic significance

of the numbers in order to show how the mystery of

Repentance is related to the Sefiroth

The number seven

refers to the six middle Sefiroth plus the sefirah they

come from, the Binah, which is called "issue of life" or

"world to come."

They are likened to the little chicks

with the mother hen and they are the seven years alluded
to in the verse:

"and he built (the temple) in seven

years

(I

Kings 6,38)."

Hot counting the Binah itself,

which is symbolized in the New Year as well as in the Day

of' Atonement,

one finds the mystical number of six:

the

Six Sides in the sefirotic system, Mercy, Power, Beauty,

Victory, Glory and Foundation.

Leaving the last one out

(the sefirah which concentrates all the essences of the

right and the left before conveying it to the Kingdom,

the tenth sefirah ) we are left with five Sefiroth.

Five

Sefiroth, each of them considered as containing in

essence the neighboring sefirah

lead us back to the

e

mystery of ten, which is concentrated in the five

Thus

the neutral has a chance to "enter life" through the ten

days of respite given him between New Year and the Day of
Atonement.

Through the mystery of the days of Repentance

he can sanctify his soul and prepare it for the supernal

world of the Sefiroth
.

The last mystery to be explained in this section is

the question how a holy soul can become wicked.

A man

186

who sins draws no longer from the "source of Righteousness", but instead attaches himself to the "Source of

Defilement."

As soon as man is attached to this supernal

.

source the "holy ruah "

his soul, leaves him.

37)

According

to the saying of the Talmud

"a man who defiles himself

below, will also be defiled from above."

Part Four

(a/a, 5 - K/na,4)
'the

The mystery of the "orld to Come",

subject of
"all

this section, is introduced by the talmudic saying: Israel has a share in the world to come"
38)

which is

deduced from the verse:

"Thy people also shall be all

righteous; they shall inherit the land for ever (Is. 60,
21)."
This opinion seems contradicted by the obvious
The

presence of sinners and wicked in every generation..

verse, however,
can be read as follows:

"Thy people who

are all the righteous shall inherit the land forever."

But in the kabbalistic interpretation this verse has an

even more profound meaning.

"Righteous" is the symbolic

Only the Righteous
(

name for the sefirah Yesod .

Yesod )

inherits the Land of the living!

Only the Righteous

concentrates the full life of all the higher Sefiroth

before conducting it to the Malkuth .

Man is called "righteous" and exemplifies the sefirah Righteous by abstaining from sexual transgressions.
The

sefirah Righteous symbolizes also the male sexual organ

in the Sefiroth that carries the sign of the Covenant.

187

By a sexual sin a man profanes the sign of the Covenant in

his body, the "royal seal of the King", and as such profanes
the mystery. of the sefirah lesod.

This sefirah is also

called "Joseph", because Joseph's righteousness consisted

in resisting the temptation of adultery with Potiphar's

wife (cf. Gen. 39).

The arch-breaker of the Covenant was

to the
*'

Adam because according

sign of the covenant.

tradition Adam deleted the

He returned to the Primeval

force of Impurity.

The evil force precedes the force of

holiness because "Foreskin" rules before "Circumcision"

and to obliterate the circumcision is to return to the

"source of Impurity" which is called Orlah .

Three years

the trees are impure and their fruit cannot be eaten while

Orlah rules over them.

A sexual sin, therefore, which

profanes the sign of the Covenant makes, man forfeit his

righteousness.
No longer, does he draw life from the

Yesod, but he has placed himself under the rule of the

supernal force called "Defilement."

A second mystery to be explained in this section. is

the meaning of the expression "World to Come."
It is not

simply the world which comes to a man after death, for

in such a case sinner and righteous would both inherit

the "World to Come".
the Righteous,

The "World to Come" only comes to

because it is the holy mystery contained

in the Binah, conveyed by the River to the Yesod .

de Leon quotes a talmudic saying:

Moses

"there is a firmament

188

that is established over the heads of the Living Beings,

a firmament like awe-inspiring ice."
'

The "firmament"

here spoken of is another symbol for the Binah, the mightydome hovering over the heads of the Sefiroth called the

Living Beings, the Firmament from which comes all blessing,

delight and inner life that never diminishes or ceases.
41)

A description is given of the life of the "World to

Come" in which there is no eating,- nor drinking, nor any
.

corporeal function.

The souls are nourished by the radi-

ance of the Brilliant Mirror, and by the radiance of the

Crown (the sefirah Tlf 'eret ) above the heads of the

righteous (in the Ye sod

The "orld to Come" is also the mystery of Repentance,

also a symbol for the Binah .

The world to come is granted

only to those who did deeds of righteousness or repentance

in this life, not to those who delayed it until their

respite was over.

This is illustrated by the lengthy

parable of the rich man who gorged himself while the poor

man looked on hungrily, and who gave food to the poor only
because he could not eat any more of the dishes that were

placed on his table.

Once again the kabbalist takes issue with the

philosopher.

The philosopher holds that an angel is more The kabbalist places the
so.ul

perfect than a human soul.

higher "because it has elements of both worlds, the upper

and the lower world.
It has acquired something from the

189

lower world through virtuous deeds, and thus unites above

and "below in one."

The soul is not always in the sefirah

Yesod

Prom time to time "it ascends to visit the Lord in

The ascension to a sort of beautific vision

his temple."

is only granted to the soul, not to the angels "who ask

where is the glory of the Lord?"

42)

If such is the highness of the world to Come, what

possible use can there be for the soul in returning to the

body which has returned to the dust where it came from?

A second question which Moses de Leon asks himself and

which he proposes to solve is the problem rising from the

verse:
"If thou wilt walk in my ways, and if thou wilt

keep

ray

charge.

.then

will give thee places to walk among

those that stand by (Zach. 3,7)."

How can the righteous

be alotted a place among "those that stand by" and by which

the angels are meant,

if the righteous are placed above.

the angels?

As to the first question,

concerning the

return of the soul to the body, this will only happen after
the Evil Impulse has been removed from the world.

Only

when the world is cleansed from the rule of Impurity and

Holiness is restored, shall the dead rise.

It will be a

greater glory for the souls to participate in both worlds

through their union with the body.

will be a part of a purified world.
the worlds be restored in the
"

The purified body

Only then will all

Shekel ha-Kodesh " and the

Lord will rule, above and below, and the true ideas (the

190

wisdom of the Kabbalah) will be fulfilled.

43V
'

This state

of man will be a return to the paraiisiac state of Adam

when he was created "pure and undefiled, without stain or

pollution; on account of this high degree of purity, the
soul (in Adam) was able to attain the splendor of the

higher degrees (in the supernal world) and he was in

possession of the secret and perfect wisdom; no obstacles

existed for him until the snake saw his high state, and it

was evil in his eyes..."

.,44) '

Since the fall of Adam through

the .guile of the snake, Impurity affected the world.

Only

when the paradisiac state is restored will everything

return
to.

its place.

This is the recurring idea of

a pokata stasis in Moses de Leon's writings:

when every-

thing is restored to its primeval unity "where the Lord is

one and his Name is one (Zach. 14,9)."

Concerning the second problem:

the.

promise to be

placed among angels when a higher place comes to the soul

by virtue of its nature, this refers to a particular

mission of the soul.

Like the ministring angels the souls

are often used by God as messengers to execute his orders

here on earth.

They, like the angels,

"stand by" to fly

to the earth "to perform miracles and grant protection to Israel".

This share in the angelic task of mediation

does not contradict their essential higher position in the

sefirotic world.

Also in this respect the righteous

participate in the process of restoring the world, of

191

returning it to the glory of its origin when "the Lord

will be King over all the earth; in that day the Lord will
be one and His name will be one (Zach. 14,9)."

Part Five

(x/nD,4 - k/"t>,10)
to the

A special section is devoted

resurrection of

the dead which is stated as a belief, conditional for

obtaining a share in the "World to Come."

45)

Of the
46)

Scriptural verses, brought in support for this belief,

the verse which lent itself most to a kabbalistic inter-

pretation of the resurrection was:

"Thy dead men shall

live, together with my dead body they shall arise.

and sing ye that dwell in dust (Is. 26,19)."

Awake

The dead

who are buried in the land of Israel are alluded to as

"Thy dead men", for they died in the land of the Lord.

"Together with my dead body they shall arise" refers to

those who died outside the land.

"Awake and sing ye that

dwell in dust" are the patriarchs, buried in Hebron.

Exactly the same bodies will arise.

From the

remnants of the former body God will build a new building

as the vision of Ezechiel
(37,

1-14)

testifies.

One

might object that in the case of Ezechiel the resurrection

took place while the bones of the body were still present.

What if nothing is left?

Is not the resurrection in that

case a new creation, like the creation of Adam from dust

in the beginning?

Moses de Leon emphasizes strongly the

importance of continuity in the process of restoration.

192
47)
'

According to the tradition,

one bone at least remains

This hone

uncorrupted, namely the coccyx of the spine.

is indestructible and is the minimal basis for the resur-

rection of the body.

The importance of a "leftover" is

seen in the rule that a blessing can come only over some-

thing that is present.

empty table.

One cannot say a blessing over an

The prophet Elisha asked for what was left

in the house of the woman before he performed the miracle

of the multiplication
of.

the oil (cf. 2 Kings 4,2).

In

like manner one finds that the coccyx of the spine does
not disintegrate.
Not for everybody will it be the nucleus
In the case of the wicked,

for the quickening of the body.

who are not worthy of the resurrection, the spine will

change into a snake after seventy years.

The snake,

"a

creature that is cursed, has no remedy ever."

Till

eternity it will carry its curse, and never will God change
this curse once the spine of a man has become a snake.

Never will he rise, nor will his body be quickened.

48) '

The wise of blessed memory have described the pro-

cess of the resurrection in different ways.

49)

The first

opinion is that the Lord will send a dew from the light
of the. supernal world which will penetrate the ground and

moisten the bone.

Then it will become like dough and

All the members of the body

spread in all -directions.

will be formed again:

around it.

the bones, the flesh and the skin

Then the boies will move underneath the earth

193

to the land of- Israel.

Only there will they receive their

ruah.

The holy ruah can only descend in a place that is

holy and pure.

This is the meaning of the verse:

"Behold,

my people,

will open your graves, and cause you to come

up out of your graves and bring you into the land of

Israel (Sz. 37,12)".
cess.

This is the first stage of the pro"and

I

Only then is it said:

shall put my spirit

in you and ye shall live (ib. 37,14)", which proves that

the dead outside Israel receive their souls only in the

land.

Only the dead in Israel will stay in their place

50)

and the spirit will enter them and they will live.

Another description is given under the name of R. Joshua ben Menasya.

that rest in Hebron
',

First the lord will raise up those

corresponding to the part of the verse:

Those are Adam,

"your dead men will live (Is. 26,19)".

Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and their spouses.

After that

the Lord will clean the land of Israel from the impurity of the Gentiles.
a

He will shake them out of the land "as

man shakes his prayer shawl to clean it from dirt, as it

"holding the corners of the land, that the wicked
Then the holy

is said:

shall be shaken out of it (Job 38,13)."

seed will rise,

5D "

i.e. the Israelites that are buried in

the land and who did not die under "foreign power".

He

who dies in Israel dies' in the land of the Lord and the

angel of death has no power over him.

"Together with my

dead body they will arise (Is. 26,19)" refers in this

194

opinion to those who died outside the land.

Another

version is given by R. Simeon, who applies "My dead men

shall live (ib.
)"

to those who died in Israel,

and "to-

gether with my dead body they will arise" to the ones who
died outside Israel.
The reasoning behind this view is

that the word for "arise" literally means "will stand

up."
R. Simeon makes a distinction between "standing up"

and the final quickening which only takes place in Israel.

"Awake and sing ye that dwell in dust (ib.

to those who sleep in Hebron.

"

he applies

They are "awakened" like

those who slumber.

The patriarchs are not dead but

"And. the earth shall cast out the

asleep in their graves.

dead (ib.
)"

refers in his explanation to the dead of the

Gentiles in Israel.

For them there is no "standing up"

"The dead, they shall not

nor quickening, as it is said:

live (Is. 26,14)."

In both verses the dead of the Gentiles

In R.

are referred to by the Hebrew word refa'.im .

Simeon's view the patriarchs are the last to rise in order

that they will enter a world full of joy and the land full
of the righteous and pious.

Similarly God created Adam

as -the last creature, so that He could bring him into a

perfect world.

R. Bleazar holds that even the dead out.

side the land of Israel will rise prior to the patriarchs,

so that not only Israel,

but the whole world will be com-

pleted at the moment of the resurrection of the

partiarchs.
Those of Israel who have no share in the resurrection

195

are the Israelites who neglected the commandment of the

phylacteries; the wicked and lawless among the people who

despised and disgraced the Torah and died without repentance

and without posterity that could atone for them.

Neither

will the usurers of Israel and their like rise.

Ill men will rise for judgment, except the generation

of the Flood, the generation of the Tower of Babel, and

the population of Sodom.

The generation of the wilderness

will have its share in the world to come, headed by Moses

and Aaron.
The Gentiles will stand to be judged, and the

Lord will take eternal vengeance upon them for all the
evil they have brought upon Israel.

Only the Gentiles

who died in Israel have no part in the resurrection

according to the verse:

rise (Is. 26,14)."

"the dead

refa'im ) will not

The resurrection will take place in the sixth

millenium.

There will be seven millehia according to

.the

talmudic saying "six thousand years the world will exist,

one thousand years it will lay waste."
52)

The seventh

millenium "that is waste" is the "Sabbatical year" of the

world.
Moses de Leon combines here his historiosophy
The "Sabbath of history"

with the doctrine of the souls.

is a great secret.

No prophet has prophesied about it,

for all- prophecies go only as far as the days of the

Messiah.
The seventh millenium is "the day known only to

the Lord, not day nor night (Zach. 14,7)."

This day

196

which is neither day nor night" is already alluded to in

the story of creation. Of every day it is said "and it

was evening and it was morning" except of the Sabbath,

where neither evening nor morning is mentioned.

The

mystery of the Sabbath is another secret of the sefirah

3 in ah ,

in which the "souls of bliss" are contained.

The

"souls of bliss" are the additional souls that come to

dwell in every Israelite on the Sabbath..

Now the world

is still in the six days of creation, and history is a

history of exile.

When the exile ends, in the messianic

"

days, all the pre-existent souls of the

Guf "

53)
.

will be

emptied, and this source will yield no more souls.

Only

sabbatical souls from the Bin ah will rule in the seventh

milienium.

The secret of the six millenia is the mystery

of the Six Sides in the Sefiroth .

When the Sabbath of

history comes, there will be no Evil Side, nor impurity

in the world.

Begetting and dying will cease.

A false opinion about the seventh milienium is the

view that in this period the world will be destroyed and
that all men will die, that the earth will be empty and
that the resurrection will only come after the seventh

milienium.

If this were so,

says Moses de Leon, the

The Messiah will come

messianic Joy will be very short.

at the end of the sixth milienium and restore the temple,

the dead will rise in the messianic days.

But short will

be the joy if in the seventh milienium everything is going

to be destroyed again.

History becomes meaningless.

What

197

is the sense. in the long sufferings of the galuth

the

calamities and per secut ions of the present times, and what
is the consolation in the promise of the Messiah, if the

blessing will be so momentary?

In the first exile of Babel

which lasted only seventy years a minority only returned

to Zion.

The majority reasoned "what good is it to return

to Zion because the temple will be destroyed again."

Would such an argument not hold again if the seventh

millenium were going to be a period of desolation and

destruction?
While many blessings of the messianic times are

described, the emphasis is on the great change that will

come over the world by the disappearance of the Evil Urge,
the Spirit of Defilement.

The Gentile nations will dis-

appear with the Spirit of Defilement, which was the

source of their origin.
The question is asked:

what will

be the reign of the Messiah if the nations of the world

disappear?

How can the verse be explained:

"The kings

of Tarshish and of the isles shall bring presents; the

kings of Sheba and Seba shall offer gifts; yea, all the kings shall fall down before him (Ps. 72, 10-11)".
the verse:

And

"The nation and kingdom that will not serve

thee shall perish (Is. 60,12)" and "the kings shall be thy

nursing fathers, and their queens thy nursing mothers

(Is. 49,23)?"

Do not these verses of Scripture suggest

that the Spirit of Defilement will not disappear because

198

,54) the nations will still exist?-

The solution is that the nations will remain but

their Idolatry will cease.

The king Messiah will not

tolerate idolatry as .king Solomon did, of whom it is said

that he committed idolatry because he tolerated it.
It is

inconceivable that this could happen in the reign of the

Messiah.
destroyed.
Covenant.

Those who will not serve the Creator will be

Those who will serve him will enter the Holy
The messianic reign will resemble in this

respect the period of the second temple when the kings

conquered nations and circumcised them and they were their

servants all their. days.

With the solution of the problem of the nations Moses

de Leon concludes his theoretical exposition on the

messianic days.
narrowly related

Resurrection and eschatology are both

to

the doctrine of the souls.

With this
What follows

the book on the kabbalistic psychology ends.

is an appendix dealing with a series of commandments that

have a particular reference to the soul in the Kabbalah.

It is the practical aspect of the psychology and therefore

called:

" The

gate concerning the foundations of religious

practice and the basis of the faith ."

The Appendix
(s/-i>,11 - /no,1)

The commandments of the Holy-Blessed-Be-He to His

people are described as having a double purpose.

They

should mark the holy seed among the nations, in order that

199

the people of Israel may be the servants of God in mankind.

The second -purpose has a profound kabbalistic meaning.

The

commandments "bestow upon Israel substance", as it is said:

"That
and
.

may cause those that love me

to

inherit substance;
The sub-

will fill their treasures (Prov. 8,21)."

stance here referred to evidently is the "substance of

the sefirotic world."

The mystery of the Fringes and the Phylacteries .

The fringes on the four edges and the blue color of

the Tsitsit have a mystical meaning.

They represent "the

Lord sitting on His throne at the entrance of the temple,

and the fringes pendent from Him."

The temple alludes to

the Sefiroth, of which the entrance is the Malkuth .

Through the lowest sefirah, the entrance, one gazes into

the

temple, where the Lord sits on His throne.

The

thirty-two fringes pendent from Him are the mystery of

the thirty- two hidden pathways of the kabbalistic wisdom:
the ten Sefiroth and the twenty-two letters of the Hebrew

alphabet.

The mystery of the throne is contained in the

blue color, of which the rabbis of blessed memory said:

"the blue is like the sea, the sea resembles the firmament,
and the firmament is like the divine throne.""
55)

The

highest and most profound meaning of the color blue is thus

the divine throne.

By the throne here is meant the "Throne

of David", or "Mild Judgment", both symbols of the

Malkuth.

The blue color should remind man of the throne

200

of judgment from which the Lord's enemies will be punished,

like all those who trespass against His commandments.

such the fringes should remind man also of the -whip of

As

punishment that awaits the sinner.

whip is salutary.

Being reminded of the

It is like the snake that Moses erected

in the desert, so that all that had been bitten by the

snake should look up to
21,8).
the.

snake and be healed (cfr. Num.

The secret of the "healing snake" is one of the

mysteries of the fringes as one can see from the verse:

"and it shall be unto you for a fringe, that ye may look

upon it, and remember all the commandments of the Lord,

and
.do

them (Num. 15,39)."

The five strips to fasten

the Tsitsit contain the secret of the "five-hundred years

journey", which is the length of the Tree of Life, they

also allude to the five books of the Pentateuch.

They

also remind of the fifty gates of Intelligence, the mystery

of the Binah.

The fringes are a yoke that a man- imposes

upon himself as a first commandment "in order to

straighten his. steps."
It is a preparing of the throne,

a preparation for the phylacteries which represent "the

one who is riding the throne."

56)

Thus one has to fulfill

first the commandment of the fringes in order to ascend

in the degrees of holiness according to the rule:

"one

only ascends in works of sanctification and never descends."

57 ^
,

The fringes are a commandment, mltsvah

whereas the

201

phylacteries are a sane tifi cation of the

T I\

ame,

a kedushah
.

A kedushah always has precedence over a mitsvah

In

Kabbalistic sense this means "that a man should not come

to the higher degree of kedushah (in the Sefiroth )

with

empty hands."

58)

In the kedushah itself there is a

The phylacteries of the hand rank

difference of degree.

lower than the phylacteries of the head.

Thus one ascends

,

in sanctification by first placing the Tsltsit

then the

phylacteries of the hand, and lastly the phylacteries of

the forehead.

Though the lower degrees depend from the

higher and "follow the higher", our order of entering the

world of sanctification is from the lower degrees towards
the. higher.

The phylacteries contain the secret of four portions

of Scripture corresponding to the mystery of the Tetra",9)

gramma ton

The first portion begins:

"Sanctify unto

me all firstborn (Ex. 13,1)."

The firstborn here alluded

.

to is the firstborn of the Sefiroth

namely the Hokhmah

,

proceeding as the first from the mystery of Keter

hidden and pure ether."

"the

Hokhmah in its coming from the

womb, Keter, is represented in the first letter of the

Divine Name

YEftH.

The letter yod (Y) represents the

highest holiness from which all the degrees of holiness

proceed "like the rings of a chain, one connected with the

other."
The Hokhmah is the first ring and is called

"Firstborn in Israel."

202

The second portion starts:

"And it shall be when the

land.

Lord shall bring thee into the

(Ex.
,

13,11)."

This is

an allusion to the mystery of the Binah

the secret of the

"Holy of Holies" also called "Holy Jubilee" because it

contains the mystery of the fiftieth year, the mystery of

freedom and liberation.

The Exodus did occur on a jubilee

year and therefore the Binah is also called "Exodus from

Egypt".
The Binah is like a mother with her six sons,
.

the

six middle Seflroth

Again this refers to the Exodus, be-

cause it is said that 600,000 came out of Egypt in the

holy jubilee (cf. Ex. 12,37).

The second portion

corresponds to the second letter of the Divine Name, the

letter he

(h)

The third portion is the Shema .

"Hear,

Israel:

The Lord our God is one Lord:

And thou shalt love the

Lord with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with
all thy might (Deut.
to:
6,

4-5)."

Two Seflroth are alluded

;

"thou shalt love" indicates the sefirah Hesed

"Hear,

Israel" refers to the sefirah Din .

These two sefiroth

represent the right and the left side and are the be-

ginning pf the six middle degrees, indicated by the third

letter of the

T e tragr aroma ton .

the letter way (w) of

which the numerical value in Hebrew is six.

YH to-

gether forms a unity in itself and represents the masculine

world.
The phylacteries of the forehead therefore repre-

sent the male, but the highest unity is only found when
the male and the female are together.

The Malteuth is the

203

secret of the female world, represented in the phylacteries

of the hand and in the last letter he (H) of the Divine
Name.
The last H receives all that is contained in the
.

first unity YH, and together they form the secret of the

highest unity, the seal of the King:

YHWH.

A man who neglects to fulfill the commandment of the

phylacteries forfeits his share in the world to come.
"blessed is the one who ornate s himself by wearing the
seal of the King, the mystery of the highest exemplar.

But

He

will be sanctified by the sanctification of the Holy

Name."
'

The mystical meaning of the Rods of Jacob

In the series of mystical interpretation of the

commandments, this mystery seems to come as a kind of

intermezzo.

However, the content is intimately related

The meaning of the Rods of

to the following mysteries.

Jacob clarifies the important position of the sefirah

Jacob in the supernal world.

By understanding the stories

of Jacob in Scripture according to the Kabbalah the soul

will find the "right service of the Lord" and thus gain

access to the World to Come.

61)

Before entering upon the exegesis of the verse:

"And Jacob took rods of the green poplar, and of the

almond tree and the plane tree; and he peeled white stripes
in them and made the white appear that was in the rods
(Gen. 30,37)", Moses de

Leon gives his opinion about the

204

stories related in the Bible which seem either shocking

or meaningless.
It -would seem that one could "invent

now better stories and more useful" than the story of

Rachel stealing the idols of Laban (Gen. 31, 19-20);
Jacob taking the birthright from Esau (Gen. 25, 29-34), or
Jacob deceiving his father Isaac (Gen.. 27, 1-40); Sarah
and Hagar (Gen. 16,4), which all seem to contradict the

belief that the Torah contains truth and life for the

world
All these stories can only be understood through the

hidden wisdom, the Kabbalah, which shows that all the

words of the Torah contain the hidden life, whether it is
written:
"and Timna was the concubine of Eliphaz, the son
2)

of Esau (Ex. 20,

5)."

or "I am the Lord your God (Ex. 20,

The underlying principle of the kabbalistic inter-

pretation of Scripture is explained, as the author indicates here, in his book

"

Pardes "

62)
.

The stories

are nevertheless historical facts and not pious parables.

The stories of Jacob
e."g.

really happened, but they can

only be understood when one sees that Jacob acts as the "Jacob of the Sefiroth ".

As the central sefirah "who

snatches the blessing from Esau (the left side)", he is

the perfect mediator.

Jacob, blending the right and the

left, makes the emanation from the higher Sefiroth a

"perfect inheritance to his sons".

In this light the

attitude of Jacob to Esau becomes different.

Human

205

thinking could never arrive at this understanding of the

story/- It is a secret of tradition (Kabbalah) handed

down to man by a profound and

-wise

man who. knows "the

depths of the higher mysteries., of which the wise of the

present generation have not the faintest idea".

63)
The

two kids that Jacob took to present to his father (cf.

Gen.
16,
9)

are the mystery of New Year

Binah )

The

booty that Ssau is hunting indicates Satan, who is tricked

out of his catch by the mystery of the Day of Atonement.

Both mysteries will be dealt with later, but are here

anticipated to indicate the vital role of the sefirah

Jacob.

Jacob was in the perfect position "to grasp the

root and the truth", because being in the middle position

between Isaac
of both.

Din ), and Abraham (Hesed) he saw the essence

He saw also the "inclination of his father

Isaac for Ssau and he knew the wickedness of his brother",

i.e. he understood the tendency of the left side towards
the mystery of evil and he knew that his task was "to

correct the inclination of his father in the right

direction."

64)

Abraham and Isaac both "dug wells"

according to the Bible (cf. Gen. 21, 25-33; ib. 26, 18).
The importance of this fact can only be understood if one

sees the importance of the sefirah Abraham and the sefirah

Isaac both containing wells of emanation.

Jacob's

function was "to use these resources to the love of the

Creator, and to restore the essences of the higher worlds

206

Jin and Hesed ) into a "unity,

65)

so that it "becomes a part

of the God of Israel."

After this long exposition about the meaning of the

Jacob stories,
the author "returns to his subject",

namely the peeling of the rods by Jacob.

archetypal story that refers to
tent (of the Sefiroth )".
-the
of.

This is another

"drawings in the
the green poplar

The rod-

alludes to the seflrah Hesed . because poplar in Hebrew is

libneh, indicating the essence of Hesed. which is repre-

sented by the color white, laban .

poplar,
(

The word "green"

lah ) alludes to the waters, also a symbol of the

The

right side, because lah means literally "moist".

waters of the right side will fill the lower sea indicating
the Malkuth .

The rod of the almond,

(in Hebrew

"

luz ")

is the secret of the sefirah Din on account of the extreme

character of Din
Din
,

luz meaning "to deviate".

The sefirah The rod

whose color is red, is the Fear of Isaac.

c
(

of the plane tree

Jacob,

ermon )

symbolizes the function of

caram

the gatherer, alluding to the root

(gather).

Jacob gathers the secret of the white and the red, of

water and fire.

The third rod is. the symbol of the two

other rods combined, and indicates Jacob in his pivotal

position between Hesed and Din.

The third rod, Jacob,

also contains the mystery of the third day of creation

(of.

Gen.

1,

9^-13)

in which the waters were gathered and

the dry land appeared and started yielding life.

It is

207

the day of which it is said in the Bible twice "that.it

was good".
Jacob is thus the "perfect combination of truth and
faith through love, and represents the mystery of the
Merlcabah ."

Jacob contains the three that are one,

namely YH, the divine name Yahu . and his inheritance are
"the white stripes".
In all the three rods the "white is

revealed", because it was Jacob's function "to peel the

white" and give the emanation a general character of

Hesed, mercy.

Only through the mystery of mercy can the

world exist and in the existence of all things in the

world one can see "the white stripes of mercy" that Jacob
peeled from the three rods.
The mystery of the Rods of Jacob is thus repre-

sentative of the secret of the Seflroth

of Israel's

faith and not least, of the existence of the world.

The mystery of the Sabbath and the Holiday
Of the Sabbath it is said that it equals the Torah

in importance. verses:

This can be derived from the two parallel

"Thou earnest down upon mount Sinai" and the verse

"And mad est known unto them thy holy
14).

that follows

sabbath"

(Neh. 9,

The parallel between the Torah

and the Sabbath is also seen in the fact that the word

"sabbath" is sometimes used in the masculine and some-

times in the feminine in Hebrew.

This corresponds to the

commandments of the Torah of which it is either said

208

"remember"
"keep",

(in Hebrew zakar . meaning also "male")

or

(in Hebrew shamar ) which is interpreted as a

symbol of the female world.

This twofold mystery of the

Sabbath symbolizes also the unity of male and female Just

as the commandments whether introduced by "remember" or

"keep" form one perfect unity.

The Sabbath contains also a threefold mystery, for
*

it is an allusion to the three "points" in the Sefiroth.

67)

The highest point is the point of origin, the Hokhmah, out

of which comes the Binah,

the "higher" Sabbath"; the

central point is the centre of the Sefiroth . namely

Tif 'eret , the centre of the "perfect circle" and the

"corner stone of the building."

to the Sabbath Day.

The central point refers

The lower point is the end of the

process that starts with the supernal point, and stands

for the Mallcuth .
The Malkuth symbolizes the Sabbath-Eve. the Great Sabbath, the

The three different Sabbaths:

Sabbath Day and the Sabbath Eve, are referred to in the

three times that "the seventh day" is mentioned in the

institution of the Sabbath day (cf

Gen.

2,

2-3)

The first Sabbath to be considered here is the

Sabbath Eve.

It is the secret of the "lower point",, the

Malkuth

because when the Kingdom comes on Sabbath Eve

the additional Sabbath- souls or the "souls of delight"

take possession of all the members of the holy people. This should be the reason
to'

celebrate the meal on the

209

Sabbath. Eve in delight.

On Sabbath Eve the Lord takes

Ho "foreign ruler

possession of His Kingdom on earth.

or principality" has any power over Israel in the hour that

all the worlds are at rest.

Even the wicked in the Gehenna

are relieved from their pains as there is no accuser nor

judgment on this day.

The supernal degree of the Malkuth

spreads its tent of peace over the world*

Moses de Leon seizes the opportunity to vent his

anger over the negligence which apparently rules in the

synagogues of his days, where the cantors mislead the

people by intoning the prayer "Who keepest His people

Israel", a prayer that should be omitted on the Sabbath.

They utter words which they do not understand and it would

be better if they kept silent.

The right prayer at the

right moment is of great importance.

Chaos in this

respect creates chaos in the supernal world of the

Sefiroth

Sabbath Eve is the time of the week that the "sheep

enter the sheep fold" and for once the watchman does not
.

need to worry or to fear the wolves.

to pray for. safety on the Sabbath,

Therefore it is wrong

because this admits a

fear that the "foreign principalities" are still ruling

and the Lord has not come to protect His people.

One

should rather say the prayer "Who spreads the tent of

peace over us" on the Sabbath.

All the. days of the week the wicked in the Gehenna
are punished according to their 'guilt. The angels of

210

destruction pester the souls with, sticks of fire.

To be

reminded of this one says during the week in the evening

prayer "He who is merciful", a prayer which should notbe said

.on

Sabbath Eve, because then the chastisers cede

Three executioners operate during
,

their place.

the,

week-

days under the direction of Bum ah

the angel of death.

7Jrecker,

They are Ma shit

Scorcher.

Aph and Hamah, or:

Rage and

All three are alluded to in the prayer "He

"and neither shall he

who is merciful", where it says:

wreck" and "greatly shall he return his rage", "nor will

his scorching heat testify".
But as all. three disappear

on Sabbath Eve this prayer should not be said, in order

not to stir them up again.

Instead one prays:

"Bless

the Lord who is praised" on Sabbath Eve.

ifith the

Sabbath

soul one blesses the Lord in the prayer "the spirit of

every living"

This prayer confesses that a new spirit With "every,

This is seen

rests on every "living" on the Sabbath.

living" is meant every righteous in Israel.

in the fact that the sefirah R ighteous is also called

"living".
The second Sabbath in the threefold mystery of this

holy day is the Sabbath Day..

The day and the night are

one on Sabbath because Sabbath Eve belongs to the Sabbath

Day as the bride belongs to the bridegroom under the

canopy.

The Sabbath Day refers to a higher degree in the

Sefiroth .

While the Sabbath Eve was the Malkuth , the

211

Bride, the Sabbath Day is the sefirah

Tif eret

the Lord,

or the Groom.

The unity of the male and the female in

love is thus one of the mysteries of the Sabbath.

The

Sabbath Day is also simply called "Day" among the

Sefiroth

because of all the six "days" that are symbolized

.

in the six central Sefiroth . Tif' eret is the "exquisite

day", the central point of the perfect ring..

Three

particular, prayers characterize the mystery of the

Sabbath Day which is the mystery of unification by eminence

(cf.

the function of Jacob in the Sefiroth )

The three-

fold unity, is expressed in the prayer "The Lord our God

is the Lord" which mentions the Name three times while

confessing God's unity.

The next prayer that professes

:

the same mystery is the Kedushah

"Holy, Holy, Holy",

and the third prayer is when one says:

"Thou art one

and Thy name is one, and who is like Thy people Israel,

one nation" in which unity is confessed three times.

The

Sabbath Day is thus the real centre of unity, the central

point of the sefirotic world, where YH appears as a unity

Yahu and the male and the female, represented in the last H of the Tetragrammaton
.

are united and constitute the

highest unity YEWH.

The "Great Sabbath" is the third mystery in the

threefold Sabbath.

The Great Sabbath is the Sabbath of

It is a mystery
"Whereas

the Sefiroth, of all the supernal worlds.

of the Binah . which comes from the supernal point.

212

the Malkuth represents the female principle of "reception"

and the central Sefiroth display the male element of

"activity" the Binah is the supernal rest of the worlds,

the Sabbath where activity ceases and also begins.

Moses de Leon enters upon an explanation of the

Great Sabbath based upon the "wisdom of the masters of
the name".

By those are meant the kabbalists who knew

the secrets of the letters of the alphabet, a wisdom that

"only few know nowadays"

The wisdom of the letters is the wisdom symbolized

in the thirty-two ways of wisdom, or its Hebrew equivalent

in letters "LeB". This symbolizes all the secrets of

revelation as the Torah starts with a Beth and ends with

a Lamed
,

forming the word LeB .

The Beth is also a symbol

"

of the sefirah Binah.

The Binah stands in between

"

aB"

(father, the Hokhmah ) and

,

Ben " son, referring to the

central Sefiroth that come from the supernal Mother, the

Binah

Beth combined with the first letter Aleph refers

to the mystery of origin, AB; Beth combined with the

middle letter of the alphabet Hun refers to the mystery

of generation,
BelSL

The Beth alludes also to the mystery

of death in man.

When the soul leaves the body the Beth

slips in between the two letters Koph and Resh , which

form together the word

"

kar "

meaning "cold" and possibly

But between the K and the

referring to the death of man.

R,

the B forms the word

"

keber " . indicating the grave where

213

the body will find its rest.

This lugubrious aspect of

the function of the Beth is counterbalanced by the mystery

of the Beth slipping in between the last two letters of

the alphabet,
"

the Shin and the Tav, forming the word

SHaBaTH " and thus indicating the final rest of the soul

and of all the worlds.

With this secret of the letter

Beth and the sefirah Binah the explanation of the mystery

of the Sabbath is concluded.
The secret of the Holiday is discussed in connection

with the Sabbath, but it concerns only the mystery of the

New Year day. New Year day is contained in the mystery of
Though Hesed is the first sefirah re-

the sefirah Bin .

lated to the visible creation, drawing its emanation from

the resources of the Binah which in turn receives it

through the Hokhmah

from the "hidden and pure ether"

(the Keter ).. nevertheless man brought another element

into the world.

Man wanted to "taste from the other

side" and "descended into the wine cellar to drink from

the wine that rests on the dregs, and he became intoxicated."

This is an allusion to the sefirah Din.

Man

entered this wine, cellar in peace (coming from the right

side, Hesed )

but left it "confused".

Since he tasted

from the wine, the desires of the left side were awakened

in him.

Man is drawn to both sides and judgment has to

This is the secret of New Year.
The

rule in the world.

mystery of Hew Year is also the secret of the seventh

214
The day of judgment is the
(on New Year).

month, the month, of judgment.

day "that the moon is covered"

This symbol-

izes the Foreskin covering the Holy Covenant.

When the

moon is covered, the Foreskin closes the door through

which mercy rules in the world.

chance to witness against man.

Then the accuser gets a

God sits on the seat of

judgment and the accuser arraigns a court against all the

people of the earth, who pass before God's judgment on

that day.
The tribunal of New Year, however, changes into

a tribunal of mercy "because the lord loves His people".

The judgment turns into a confounding of the accuser in-

stead of a condemning of the accused.

One might object

that there is little Use in a tribunal where the judge

pays no attention to the accuser.

Moses de Leon answers

that for the sake of justice a court is often arraigned

where the judge knows from the beginning the innocence of

the accused, but "because he is a true judge and just",
69)

accuser and witnesses will be heard.

A lengthy discussion follows on the mystery of the

shofar .
The three sounds of the shofar which melt into

one melody indicate the mystery of "fire, wind and water

in their unity".

The blast of the shofar removes the

Foreskin that obscured the light in the supernal world.

The door of emanation is opened again and the lord leaves

His seat of Judgment and stands henceforth on the side of

Mercy.
The sound of the shofar proclames the mysteries

215

of the Sefiroth . of Mercy; the

The Teki/ah sound symbolizes the side

sound the side of Judgment.
(

T eru <ah

The Tif 'eret )

shofar itself indicates also the mystery of unity

because it unifies the two sounds into one melody.

in even more profound mystery is contained in the

blowing of the shofar

in the higher worlds.

The sound on earth finds a response The sound in the lower world "moves

and stirs" the supernal world, so that both worlds operate

in unity.

Moses de Leon uses the remarkable symbol of

The response of the higher world to the

human breathing*

lower is a "going and returning" like the intake and

exhalation of breath.
As there is no inhalation without
,

a previous exhalation, and vice versa

nothing is moved
It

in the supernal world without an action here below.

is like the vital process of breathing in a living

organism.

The blowing of the shofar thus indicates the

unity of man's life with the world of the Sefiroth through

the observing of the commandments. The mystery of the Booth .
"All that are born Israelites shall dwell in booths
(Lev.
23,

70)

42)."'

71

The word "booths" in the Hebrew is

This is an indication

written in the defective plural.

that all those who are not of the holy seed of Israel do

not dwell under the wings of the Shehinah .

the symbol of "the faith of Israel" and the

The booth is
"

Shehinah ".

which are both other names for the sef irah Malkuth.

216

The verse "fallen is the virgin of Israel; she shall

no more rise (Amos 5,2)", was explained by the rabbis of

the est

72 ^

as meaning "she is fallen but not any more will

she fall;

stand up, virgin of Israel."

Through the

Kabbalah one can understand this verse in its deeper

meaning.
"She shall no more rise" means:
"no more will

she rise by herself" but she will be lifted up and raised

up by

the.

King, and he will support her.

This can be

derived from another verse:

"in that day will I raise

9-, 1
1 )

up the tabernacle of David that is fallen (Amos

:

."

The connection between the two verses. ,ean be understood

only from the symbolism of the Kabbalah where the

"tabernacle of David", "virgin of Israel" and "booth"
all refer to the same sefirah Malkuth .

The verse "that I made the children of Israel to

dwell in booths when

23,

brought them out of Egypt (Lev.

43)," has the word "booths" in the Hebrew with the

way of the plural.. This shows the mystery that the booth
receives the fulness of the six (wav in its numerical
value) Sefiroth .
The six here referred to are the
,

central six Sefiroth

the "children coming out of Egypt",

indicating the relationship of the central Sefiroth to

their point of issue, the Binah, or the "Exodus from
Egypt".
The six Sefiroth are the mystery of the "fulness

of the booth" because they are the six sluices through

which the fulness of the Binah comes down, the six

217

tranches of the supernal candlestick that illuminate with

the light of the Blnah .

The mystery of the Scapegoat and the Day of Atonement .

The secret of the Day of Atonement is the mystery

of the role of the accuser in the world.

73)

The accuser

is not given a chance to prosecute Israel because on the day that the tribunal is set up over the world, Israel is

occupied with prayers and works of repentance and the

purification of their souls, so that "his accusations are

confounded".
He is also diverted in his work of accusa-

tion by the mystery of the Scapegoat, the sacrifice "to

appease the accuser" as "one makes a friend of an angry

dog by giving him a bone to gnaw upon!"

When the shofar

blows the King changes the seat of judgment to the throne

of mercy, and when the accuser comes "he finds the world

ruled by mercy rather than by severity" and his accusations

become ineffectual.

This mystery is concealed in the

story of Esau, the hunter, who comes back to his father

to offer him his booty and finds that his father has

eaten and' is satiated by the food offered by Jacob (cf

Gen. 27, 33-34).

Israel

by'

its prayers on the Day of

Atonement has received the blessing that Esau, the

accuser, wanted to carry- away.

The verse:

"and God saw all that He had made,

1,

and

behold, it was good, exceedingly (Gen.

31).""

The

words "good"' and "exceedingly" have been explained as

218

referring to the angel of life and the angel of death.

Many "wise men" have wondered about the mystery of the
angel of death, to whom the Lord granted "to punish and
to kill" men,

according to their wickedness.

Moses de Leon

offers another explanation of the mystery of punishment

which is

- as

he suggests - more in accordance "with the

planning of the Creator".

in the sacrifices.

This is the mystery contained

Through the sacrifices the accuser

74)

is appeased and "does not go empty handed".

The subject

is illustrated by a parable of a shepherd who has to ferry

his sheep over the river, but sees a wolf coming to devour
the sheep while he is thus occupied.

He chooses a strong

he-goat and throws it to the

wolf to divert the wolf's

attention and to keep him busy, while he ferries his flock

over the river.

The same mystery is the secret of Job,

who was the "sacrifice" given to the accuser to occupy

him while the Lord conducted His people Israel but of
Egypt.
This is the meaning of the scapegoat,
~~
'

sent into

the desert to give the accuser "a bone to chew upon" while

the Lord settles His account with His people.

The same

meaning is indicated by the sacrifices for the nations of

the world during the feast of the Tabernacles which pro-

vide that Israel will not be disturbed in joy with her

King.
The sacrifices are the share of the "little off-

shoots of the tree", of the impure souls that are not of

the Tree of Life itself like Israel.

While Israel takes

219

part in the blessing of the hidden splendor of the

Sefiroth, the accuser and the nations of the world find
their share in the mystery of the sacrifices.
The mystery of the Lulab and the Etrog

"And ye shall take you on the first day the fruit of

goodly trees, branches of palm trees, branches of a foliage

-

tree, and willows of the brook (Lev. 23, 40)."

75)

This

verse which introduces the commandment of the lulab alludes to the mystery of the Tree of Life, from which the
souls of the righteous originate.
The palm branch refers- to the secret of Yesod . the

sefirah which is called Righteous and is symbolized by the

palm tree because it is said "the righteous shall florish
as a palm tree (Ps. 92,

13)."

A palm tree is either a

male or a female (not bisexual like most .trees) and contains therefore the mystery of the union of the male and
the female in love.

The lulab contains three myrtle twigs

and two willow branches.

All this has mystical significance,

That there are myrtles around the palm branch alludes to

the verse:

"and he stood among the myrtles (Zach.

1,

8)."

The willows are referred to by the verse: "Extol Him that

rides upon the skies (literally "the willows") whose name

is Yah (Ps. 68, 5)."
The union of the three and the two The

and the one suggests the mystery of unification.

lul ab and the full moon on the Feast of Tabernacles are

two symbols of perfection and unity,

celebrated on this day.

220

The three myrtles are the three Sefiroth Light, Dark-

ness and Peace, or Hesed, Din and Tlf eret

'

The palm branch

in the middle suggests the unity of these three.

The two

willow twigs are the Sefiroth Netsah and Hod , which are
called "the supporters of the Building" and "pillars of
the
Temple, Jachin and Boaz"
.

Unlike the myrtles the

This indicates the

willows have neither smell nor taste.

" essentially different function of the "myrtle Sefiroth

and the

"

willow Sefiroth ".

The latter only have a passive,

supporting function, whereas the former fulfill their

emanating function in this combination of five.

The palm

branch in the middle. which sticks out a little suggests

the perfect unity of the five.

Together they represent

the mystery of the Tree of Life, where the number five

underlies the different symbols.

" "

The Tree of Life is the

five hundred years journey" and is the secret of the

fifty gates to the Binah "

The ethrog is the "heart of the lulab "
.

because it

conveys the secret of the thirty-two hidden pathways of

wisdom, having as its numerical equivalent in Hebrew

characters the word "leb", heart.

The heart represents

the "hidden side of God" who appeared to Moses where it is

said:

"thou shalt see my back; but my face shall not be

This is the heart for which Solomon

seen (Ex. 33, 23)."

asked when he prayed:

"Give Thy servant therefore an

understanding heart

(I

Kings 3,9).V

The ethrog is also

221

the mystery of the left side because the heart. is in the

left side of the body and it refers to the left side of the
Sefiroth because the sefirah Understanding
located at the left.
(

Binah ) is

Together with the lulab which

represents the right side, the ethrog forms the mystery of

unity of right and left.

The ethrog , however, hangs onto

the lulab by a thread which represents the '.'thread of 76) sweetness with which Esther captivated- the people".'
'

'...'
.

Esther was compared to the

ethrojc,

because her color was

77)

reported to be "green yellowish" like the ethrog

color symbolizes the left side.

This

As the color of Esther

frightened the people, so. the ethrog reminds by its color

of the "fear-inspiring left", but nevertheless draws the

people "by the thread of sweetness", symbolizing its

connection with the right side of the Sefiroth
.

All the mysteries of the lulab and the ethrog con-

tain the element of joy because the Feast of the Tabernacles

is the feast of intimacy of Israel with her Lord, as it is
said:

"and ye shall rejoice before the Lord your God

seven days (Lev. 23, 40)."

The mystery of the Circumcision .

Through the circumcision rite one becomes a member of

the Holy Covenant and is worthy to be called "man".

The

mystery of the meaning "man" is shown in Ezechiel who is

constantly addressed "and you, man" (cf
.

Ez. 2,

and

passim

Ezechiel

relationship to Abraham, the father

222

of the Covenant, is shown elaborated through, a series of

scriptural quotes in a truly raidrashic manner of exegesis.
,

78)

Abraham only became "man" after receiving the sign of the

Covenant.

The verse:

"walk before me and be thou perfect.

And

will make my covenant between me and thee {Gen. 17,

1-2)", indicates that Abraham was not "perfect" before

entering the Covenant.

When Abraham was circumcised the

letter he was added to his name which was changed from

Abram to AbraHam.
The letter yod was impressed in his Yod and He together form the
the Lord bestowed His name

flesh by the circumcision.

Hebrew word YaH, to show

th:-:t

upon Abraham when he was circumcised.

Isaac was born only after the Foreskin,
the.

source

of Impurity, was removed from Abraham, which indicates

the mystery that the seflrah Isaac is "holy seed" from

Abraham.

The tradition relates also. that Abraham never

entered into sexual union with Sarah until he was circumcised.

This shows that the Malkuth (Sarah) only

receives "holy seed" and that thus only the people of Israel
are "holy seed" as only Israel belongs to the Malkuth .
The Gentiles who are not circumcised draw from the

mystery of the Foreskin.

From the Foreskin they receive

"souls of impurity" which can only be removed with their

foreskin.

Through circumcision a Gentile can share the

,

mystery of the Malkuth

and becomes a "proselyte of

Justice", because Justice is a name for the Malkuth .

223

That the Malkuth is also a mystery

'of

the Sabbath Is

indicated by the fact that a child cannot be circumcised

until the eighth day, i.e. after a Sabbath has sanctified,

him.

Only then can he enter the Covenant.

This is seen

from the verse:

"verily my Sabbath. ye shall keep; for it

13)" and "I do set

is a sign between me and you (Ex. 31,

my bow in the cloud, and it shall be a sign of a covenant

(Gen.
9,

13)."

The Sabbath and the Circumcision here

.

refer to the same mystery, the Malkuth

The bow in the

:

cloud is the mystery of "the diadem of Beauty", an allusion

to the sefirah Tif 'eret .
"When a

man is circumcised he
(

enters into a relation to two supernal degrees

Malkuth
symbo-

and Tif 'eret ) by virtue of a third supernal degree,

lized by the male sexual organ, the Yesod

The Yesod
(

unifies the Lord.

Tif 'eret ) with the Kingdom

Malkuth )

Also through the commandment of circumcision a

mystery rite is performed through which man enters into

the secret of the sefirotic world containing the mystery of unity by which man confesses that "the Lord is one and

His name is one (Zach. 14, 9)."

The mystery of the "mixed kinds" and the "mixed texture ".
The commandment to which this mystery
79)

refers is
Thou

contained in the verse:

"Ye shall keep my statutes.

shalt not let thy cattle gender with a diverse kind; thou shalt not sow thy field with mingled seed; neither shall
a garment mingled of linen and wool come upon thee (Lev.

224

19,

19)."

In the work of creation the Holy-Blessed-Be-He

planned all things to be ordered after their kinds.

This

is the reason "why one finds written after every creation

the words "according to its kind"
(cf. Gen.

1,11

etc).

Seeds, herbs, cattle, wild animals, birds and reptiles are

all created "after their kinds" in order to indicate that

no kind should be mixed with another..

The mixing of kinds

is like counterfeiting the effigy of the King, a falsifying of the work of creation.

80)

The rabbis of blessed memory have said

that' there

is not a single herb that does, not have a particular angel

assigned over it which makes it grow.

the effect of mixing the kinds.

From this one sees

The hybrids here below

will cause chaos in the powers of the world above, and the

powers of the higher world are prevented in performing

their task.

Not only the angelic assistance in the lower world

becomes confused, but a satanic influence comes instead

of it.
The "masters of the names"
,

81

explained from the

word Sha<atnez

(the mixed garment)

that a special Satan

is appointed over those who wear garments of linen mixed

with wool.

The Satan is called Satan-Ez

.

which the

Gentiles pronounce as Satanas

By transgressing the prohibition of the mixed kinds

therefore man upsets the higher worlds, destroys the order

of creation, and causes the demonic powers to influence
the world.

225

The mystery of the Levirate Marriage and th e Halitzah

The author refers to his hook Sefer ha^Rlmon for a

more detailed treatment of the mystery of levirate

marriage according to the Kabbalah.

marriage

By a levirate

man fulfills a commandment that is intended

to express *the never ceasing flow of the supernal River",

the secret of fertility in the world of souls.

The sexual

union between man and wife testifies of the union of the

TTnlv -nnvflnant' (the sefirah Yesod )
TPftlth

with the Mystery of

(the sefirah Malkuth )

Refusing to marry the child-

less wife of a deceased brother is acting contrary to the

mystery of this union and effectually prevents the supernal

River to create souls.

The commandment- of the levirate

marriage (Deut. 25,5) is another instance of the profound

interrelation between the world below and the sefirotic

world above.
The refusal of a levirate marriage is as

grave as the neglect of the commandment to marry,, which

is expressed in the verse:

(Gen.
1,

"Be fruitful and multiply

28)."

This commandment should be well under-

stood.

There is a great difference between not wanting

The one who dies

to reproduce and not being able to.

childless by his own fault will be punished in as far as

his soul does not return to its place of origin (in the
Sef iroth )
,

but "shall be cut off from my presence (Lev.

22,3)."
Tif 'eret .

With "the Lord's presence" is meant the sefirah

Koses de Leon widens the concept of the levirate

226

marriage by indicating that ail those who die childless

without their fault, will be redeemed by their kinsmen.

The close relationship between the soul and the sefirah

Tif'eret is indicated in the fact that both are called by

the symbol "name".

As it is said:

"that the name of the

dead be not. cut off from among' his brethern (Ruth 4,10)"

(referring to the soul of the dead) and:

"his name shall

be called in Israel (Deut. 25,10)" which in kabbalistic

sense means:

and his soul shall be called in the

sefirah Tif'eret .
The sin of the generation of the Tower of Babel was
a sin against this mystery of the soul.

The building of

the tower to reach heaven is a very specific symbolism

of what one might call "kabbalistic hvbris ".

The nations

which derive their soul from the Evil Side and not from
the Sef iroth . had some notion of the mystery of the holy
soul.

Their saying:

"Let us make us a name (Gen. 11,

4)" is explained as the audacity to reach the sefirah

Tif'eret by human power, symbolized in the building of the

tower "whose top may reach unto heaven (Gen. 11,4)".
83) This "building of a name (soul)" ^' is the direct

opposite of the holy mystery of the 1 evirate marriage, its

direct caricature.
The Halitzah is the ceremony which the Law provides

for a refusing of the levirate marriage (cf. Deut. 25,9).

It is considered by Moses de

Leon as

an.

alternative way to

227

restore the soul of the man who dies childless

to

the

world of the Sefiroth, be it to a lower degree.

Whereas
'

the 1 evirate marriage brought the soul back to the Tif eret. the Halitzah connects the soul of the deceased with the

Malkuth .
is:

The verse that is seen to indicate this mystery-

"How beautiful are thy feet with shoes,

(Cant. 7,2)".

prince's

daughter!

The "shoes" and "the prince's

daughter" connect the two elements, the mystery of the

"talcing off the shoe
(

Halitzah )" and the Malkuth

symbol-

ized as the "prince's daughter", or as the "daughter. of

Abraham'.'
1

Marriage, levirate- marriage and Halitzah . three

commandments thus not only symbolize mysteries in the

Sefiroth ., but effectively have the power to draw holy

souls from their sefirotic source, and lead them back to

their origin.
The commandment of separating the meat. and the milk
The three times that the Torah gives the commandment
of not. cooking the kid in the milk of its mother (cf. Ex.

23,19; ib. 34,26; Deut. 14,21) is the basis for the

dietary laws concerning meat and milk.

Moses de Leon

finds in the prohibition of mixing meat and milk the

expression of another mystery of the Sefiroth.

84)

The

meat symbolizes the "pit of snakes", the milk represents

the "well of living waters", ""the sefirah Malkuth. which is often called "well
(

Be'er )".

By not observing the

228

dietary laws concerning meat and milk one therefore confounds the Malkuth with its parallel on the Evil Side,

with the pit that contains no living waters but the

poisonous snakes.
The reason that the meat symbolizes
"And while the flesh

the Evil Side is seen in the verse:

was yet between their teeth, ere it was chewed, the wrath
of the Lord was kindled against the people (Num.
1 1

,33)

.."

The meat also symbolizes the degree of the Evil Side that
is called Kets, "the End", as it is said:
-

"the end of all

flesh is come' before me (Gen.

6, 13) ."

This mystery of

"the end" or of "extremity" is seen in the foreskin that

covers the sign of covenant, the husk that hides (and at

the same time protects)

the nut, and the body which is In the explanation of the last

the garment of the soul.

mystery, Moses de Leon will come back to this profound

mystery, the mystery of the evil, which is at the same

time harmful and necessary.

The distinction between the

milk and meat, however, should make man careful in making

the distinction between the source of holiness, the

Sefirdth

and the Si tra Ahrah . the source of defilement.

The Mystery of Evil

With the discussion of the mystery of evil, Moses de

Leon concludes his Book of the Balance

which the discussion is based are:
men of
Cfeozeba,

The verses, upon

"And Jokim, and the

and Joash, and Araph, who had dominion in

Moab, and Jashubilehem.

And the records are ancient.

229

These were the potters, and those that dwelt among

plantations and hedges; there they dwelt occupied in the

king's work

(I

Chron. 4,

22-23).

s?

These two obscure

verses will be explained as containing the allusions to

the secrets of evil as also the verses about Solomon's

apostasy (cf.

Kings 11, 4-5), and the marriage of the

(Joiner,

prophet Hosea to

the harlot (cf. Hos. 1,2-3).

The secret of the origin of the evil is the secret

of the Tree of Knowledge.
To investigate the aspect of

evil as contained in the supernal Tree, is a work of

wisdom.

In. this work of wisdom Solomon engaged in his

old age, though he succumbed to the danger connected with

this investigation, as one can see from Solomon's apostasy.

Though it is a work of wisdom to investigate the evil, one

must, be on guard not to "cleave to the evil".

This was
It was

the

sin of Adam which drew death upon all mankind.

also Noah's sin when he was trying out "the strength of'
the wine"
.

Abraham entered the domain of evil but came

"and Abraham

out safely, as is indicated by the verse:

went down into Egypt (Gen. 12, 10)", which is followed

by:

"and Abraham. went up out of Egypt (Gen. 13,1)."

The name of Hosea'
s

wife "Gomer", the harlot who be-

got him children, indicates that the end of all wisdom

is knowing the evil.

Gomer, meaning "completing", alludes

to the fact that the "child-bearing harlot" is a necessary

element for the completion of the world.

Righteous as

230

well as sinners are In need of this aspect of reality that

is personified in Gomer, without whom no begetting is

passible.
"Behold,
I

This can be seen also from David's words:

was brought forth in iniquity, and in sin did

my mother conceive me (Ps. 51,7)".

Just as the mystery

of the fertility of souls is contained in the Six Sides,

the six central Sefiroth, is the mystery of fertility in
the world below contained in the Six degrees of Defilement,

the emanation of the Primordial Snake,

the counterpart

of the sefirotic world.

Six degrees on each side of the

Tree of Knowledge represent the mystery of good and evil.

Jokim
evil.

(cf_.

Chron. 4,22) is the first degree of

The fact that the first is called Jokim came from

the meaning of the word "Jokim", "he will awaken".

The

first degree awakens the evil.

Even though "Jokim" has

an additional letter way in the Hebrew, and "he will

awaken" should have been "Yakim", the defect in the word

itself indicates the mystery of evil.

Moses de Leon

adduces other examples of words, written defectively,

which connote in similar ways the mystery of evil.

The second degree are "the men of Chozeba (ib.)",

where the word "Chozeba" is derived from the word

"

kazab "

meaning "falsehood".
the character of

The 'Imen of fraud" thus indicate

the second degree of the evil, whence

falsehood and deceit spread among men.

"And Joash (ib. )" is the degree that contains the

231

despair of all good.

(alluding to Ye -ugh
,

Again a pun on the word "Joash"

despair) indicates the mystery of evil

as it leads man to despair.

Despair expresses the distance

and chasm that exists between the good and the evil.

"And Saraph (lb.')" is the fourth degree in the

emanation of evil.

The word, meaning "Serpent", indicates

that the degrees of evil are the brood of the Primordial

Snake.

Serpents and snakes fill "the pit that cannot

(

contain water

of

Gen. 37,24)" and which is the counter-

part of the "well of living waters" on the side of the

Sefiroth.
"Saraph".

Another secret is contained in the degree

It refers to the serpent that Moses was

commanded to rise upon a pole in the desert.

The serpent

on the pole for those who sinned in the desert, healed

all those who were bitten by a serpent (of. Hum. 21,8)..

Here we see the evil in its aspect of punishment and

remedy at the same time.

"Who had dominion
in.

Moab

(I

Chron. 4,22)".

The

evil inclination that grows up with man

from his early

youth should be kept in check.

As soon as the evil

inclination takes dominion over man, he is no longer under

his father in heaven
a father
( (

me-ab

but the evil becomes to him

leMo-ab

Me-ab and Mo-ab become in this pun

the representants of the good and the evil.

Moab becomes

the archetype for the kingdoms of the Gentiles, who are

under the dominion of evil, while Israel depends from its

232

father

Me-ab

in heaven.
"

The sixth and last degree of evil is

(ib. )".

Jashubilehem

Again we find the secret alluded to in a pun on "When he turns to bread" a child will
The allusion

the word itself.

start recognizing the evil in the world.

seems somehow farfetched.

The eating of bread is the

symbol of the maturing of man.

Together with it grows

man's awareness of the evil impulse in him, until ae

becomes fully aware of the evil at this thirteenth year
and is hence responsible for his good or evil deeds.

"The records that are ancient (ib.)" refers to the

mystery of evil as contained in these six degrees.

They

are called "ancient" because the "Ancient of Days" has

concealed them from the beginning, and the secret of the existence of evil is a mystery of faith.
"These were the potters
(I

Chron. 4,23)" Indicate a

quality inherent to these degrees of evil.

Yotsrim

potters, or "those who give form", indicates that the

forces of evil impel man to produce,

without- the ev.il

force the world would be sterile, as Koses de Leon shows

by relating the talmudic story that in the days of Ezra
the chicken no longer laid eggs, becausethe land was
po\

completely purified from the evil impulse.

From the

mystery of evil comes the "stirring" that causes man to

produce.
Thus the evil is a necessary element for the

existence of the world.

233

"And those that dwelt among the plantations (lb.).

11

alludes to the fact that evil is implanted in man.

It

dwells in him and lays in ambush between "the hedges (ib.)"

to

strike out when man. is off his guard. "There they dwelt occupied in the king's work (ib. )".

The evil fulfills a necessary function and therefore does

"the Icing's work"!

The mystery of the evil working for

"the king" is symbolized in the secret of the nut.

A nut

is concelaed in a hard shell which in itself is worthless,

but united with the inner part of the nut it has the

function to protect the inner.

gether form one thing, a nut.

Outside and inside toSeparated, the husk no

longer is called "nut" and looses its meaning.

and inside are indicated as being a
"

Outside

Kets "

extremity.

The inside represents the mystery of the Kets-yamin (the

right .extremity) while the outside is called Kets-yamin

(the end of days).

The "end of days" is also "the end

of all flesh (Gen. 6,13)". Both extremities belong to-

gether in this earthly existence.

To separate them is not

understanding the mystery of the nut.

Kain who brought

his sacrifice "at the end of days (Gen. 4,3)" wanted to

isolate the value
of.

the husk.

Jacob who wanted to dis-

close the mystery of the end to his children tried to.

isolate the mystery of the "inner extremity" from the

mystery of evil.

He was punished for the Shehinah left

him as soon as he wanted to "separate the shell from the

234

inner".

This mystery brings us back to the secret of the

union of soul and body.

Both come from two opposite

.,89)

extremities but "belong together without any division

in the work of the king.
.

The evil is at the origin of man's existence, as it

is said: "Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity, and

in sin did my mother conceive me (Ps. 51,7)".

Iniquity

and sin, the forces of evil, are also the cause of man's
end on earth, as the rabbis of blessed memory said:

there

is no death without iniquity, no pain without sin.

90)

Thus

the mystery of evil accompanies man throughout life and

Moses de Leon concludes his book with the words:

"the

mystery is great for him who understands.

May these

allusions be enough to you, for they will prepare to those

who.

dwell before the Lord (cf. Is. 23,18) a way of

Be wisel"

integrity, as it befits.

Here ends the Book of the Balance .

"Praise to Him who rideth upon a
swift cloud (Is. 19,D."

NOTES
and

BIBLIOGRAPHY

236-

Notes relating to Part

1.

Carolus Bernheimer, Codices- Hebraic! 3y olio the cae Ambrosianae ..- Florence 1933, in Pontes Ambrosiani Y, J. Galbriti, ed. Cited as Bernhelmer.

2.

information is largely based p. 64-6g.

The'

on,

Bernheimer,

3.
4.
'

Bernheimer, p. 152-55.

Bernhelmer, p. 155 " Steinschneider earn Mo-seh de Leon tribuit, non sine causa, ut opinor. codex noster vero ad R.- Joseph Gikatilla refert ." Concerning the authorship of the So doth of. the paragraph "devoted to the problem of authorship in the. Introduction.
.

5.

Stephanus Evodius As sera 'anus & Joseph Simonius Assemanus, Bibliothecae Apostollcae Yaticanae Codicum Cataloeus in tres partes distributus . Cited as Assemanus. 1926, vols. I-III.

Rome

6.-

Codex 283 is described by Assemanus in v. I, p. 250.51. Of our manuscript he says: " nemini, quod sciara, cognitus ."
Giovanni Bernardo de Rossi, HSS Codices Hebralci Parma 1803. further Bibliothecae I. 3. de Rossi cited as de Rossi. The compendium .is described in v. I, p. 26; codex 1230 in v. Ill, p. 110-12.
.
'

7.

3.

de Rossi, v. Ill, p.

110-12.

9.

lioritz Steinschneider, "Die Hebraeischen Handschrif ten der K. Hof- und Staatsblbliothek in Muenchen . Muni ch ". 1875.
:

Henceforth quoted as Steinschneider, kunich.

10. 11.
12..

Steinschneider, ITunich
ib. p. lb. p.
ib. P.
ib. p.
25.

p. 5-6;

26-27.
61.

13.

14.

150-53.

237
1.5.

Ad. Neubauer. Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library and in the College Libraries Oxford 1886., of Oxford. Henceforth as Keubauer. For codex 1630 cf. col. 568-69; cf . also M. Steinschneider, Oatalogus Librorum Hebraeorum in Bibliotheca Bodleiana . Berlin 193.1, v.<il, col. 1352-55. Henceforth as Steinschneider, Bod . ; the same codex is also mentioned in J. 0. Wolff's Bibliothecae Hebraeae, v. XII, p. 817-818. Further referred to as Wolff.
'

16..

Neubauer, col. 767.

Dr.

17.

From a photostat of the manuscript, lent to me by Altmann from his private collection.
.

18.
"

Morltz Steinschneider, Oatalogus Oodicum Hebraeorum Leyden Bibliothecae Academiae Lugduno-Batavae Leyden 1858.. Henceforth as Steinschneider. Codex Seal leer 13 is described on p. 357-62. See also Wolff, p.. 817.
. .

19.
2.0.

Steinschneider, Leyden

p.

359-60.

G. 3 chol em, Oatalogus Oodicum Hebraicorum auot conservantur in Bibliotheca Hiero sol yrai tana . Cabbala . pars prima; Jerusalem 1930. Cf. p.. 61-62. Quoted further as S chol em. Cat. J
. .

21. 22.

Assemanus, p. 161-63.

Microfilm at Brand eis University.

Adolph Jellinek, Moses Ben Shem-Tob de Leon und sein Leipzig 1851., p. 42.. HenceVerhaltnisz zum Sohar forth as Jellinek. Steinschneider, Bod., col. 1855 ad 3. R. Abba ben S^lomo Bum si a = from Bunzlau (Bohemia)
.

23.

Jellinek, p. 9 ff .
ff.; Wolff, p. 817.

Steinschneider, Bod ., col. 1852

24.

On the question of the So doth cf problem of authorship.

paragraph on the

25.

A photostat of a copy from the Library in Copenhagen. The book is in quarto and carries the signatures A-Q4, Q4 blank. No pagination.
Jellinek, p. 11.
ib., p. 41-43.

26.

27.

238

23.

lb., p.

Warsaw,
29.

11-12. 1876.

Of.

the edition of Abkat Rokhel

f.lr, lines 2-3,

and f.2v, line 16.

30.

f.lr, lines 22-23, and f.2v, lines 23-24 ("I divided this book according to the parts of the mystery of faith and Torah, in the light of the pure Menorah")
'.

31.

of 1608;
32.

cf. Introduction of the editor in the Sasel edition cf. also de Rossi, p. 112.
,

Steinschneider, Munich
Assemanus,. v.
I,

p.

6.
.

33.

p.

250-251

It is interesting to

note that Assemanus describes the same material as part of the Latin translation of the Sefer ha-Mishkal The (codex 191) under authorship of Moses de Leon. material is part six of the Latin codex. He was not aware of the identity of content. Of. Assemanus, v. I, p. 161-163.
34.
G.

S chol em,
1

Ma .lor Trends in Jewish Mysticism

Henceforth quoted as MT.
,

New York
Of
.

941

p.

194 ff.

35.

" wlrd irrthumlich Steinschneider, Munich p. 153: Alles dem Jos. Gikatilla beigelegt ."; Steinschneide r " auctore sine dublo eodem Mose de Leyden p. 360; Leon ", followed in this by Bernheimer vide supraT note 4)
,
(

36.

" unde scriba (cf. Steinschneider, Leyden p. 360: colophon at the end of the manuscript in Seal. 13) eas quoque ad opus praeced . (i.e. Sefer ha-Mlshkal ) pertinere putavit .. . quocum etiam in aliis Codd. occurrunt, et nonnullae (inter alias multas et For Steinschneider s quidem sordide) editae sunt controversy with Jellinek who considered the Sodoth cf Steinschneider, a part of the Sefer ha-Mishkal Bod col. 1853.
.
1
".

37.

Jellikek gives his reasons for the Sodoth as part of the S ef er ha -Ml shkal on p. 10, o.c
.

38.

Steinschneider, 3od .

col.

1853.

39.

" da die Kenntnisz der menschlichen -Jellinek, p. 10: Seele die Vorhalleder hoheren Gaosis und der Mystik des Gesetzes bilde ..."

40.

Vide supra

and Jellinek, p. 20.

139
41.

N ), The text of the Sefer ha-Mishkal in the MSS followed 3X), ( 39), ( >ib5, ( na), and (0) Is immediately by Joseph's Gikatilla's Sod Batsheba in (-KS)) by the Sefer ha-Mitsvoth of Gikatilla.
( ( ;

42.

0.

S chol em,

Mose de Leon
43.

Eine unbekannte mystische Schriftdes in MGWJ, v. 71 (1927), p. t.1 2 ff.

,

For a comparison of the two ideologies concerning the mystery of evil in Moses de Leon and Joseph C-ikatilla, cf MT, p. 238-39.
.

44. 45.

J2I*

Assemanus, p. 162.
,

e.g. Sefer ha-Mishkal

f.26v, line'

11

and f.43v,

line 3.
46. 47.
Of.

Sefer ha-Mishkal , f.2v, lines 17-18.

On Moses de Leon's Hebrew writings. see KT, p. 192 In a margin note of the'copist in the Leyden ff. manuscript the following other works by Moses de Leon Sefer ha-Pardes Sefer ha-Rimon are mentioned: The note Zarua and Sefer Perush Koheleth Sefer Or reads as follows:
.
,

M a"n innsa 011E> ixip tbo nan nanon fit *5 *nyo cns> *nin 1DD nan oa .no ni ti d^s "in. o>xa xin Dixriff an9> SHIT UK ISO lan oa .'niiian '93 rfrnp *9 nan oa ,*13 nsi'> xaan -noa oo rt .oian i3yi naaran no bits ocn moan

mmn

The book Sefer ha-Pardes is mentioned in the Sefer The book is also mentioned ha -Mishkal f.37v line 12. in Moses de Leon's She'eloth u-teshuvoth . published by I. Tishby in Kobez Al J ad v. V (XV), Jerusalem
,

1950.
48.

Cf. p. 31.
.

Besides the Sefer ha-Mishkal and the Shekel ha-Kodesh also Moses de Leon's She'eloth u-teshuvoth have been published by I. Tishby, cf. supra note 47. A critical text of Mpses de Leon's Maskiot Kesef was Copies are in the subject of my master's thesis. Brandeis University (Sept. of Near Eastern Judaic. Studies), and in New York at the National Foundation for Jewish Culture)
,

49.

Concerning the relationship of Moses de Leon's writings to the Zohar cf. Jellinek, o.c G. Scholem, MT, chapter 5, p. 156 ff. and I. Tishby, Mishnat haOf. also Zohar, Jerusalem 1957, v. I, p. 28 ff. M. Sachs's remark in Lie religiose Poesle der Juden

240
" Aus diesem Berlin, 1901, p. 327: Durcheinandergahren, aus neufabricierten und geheimgehalten s n fruheren Schriften mystlschen Inhaltes gingTas GebraVi der Kabbalah und auch wohl der Sohar hervor. R. Mo.se de Leon, der nach einem unverdaohtlgen. spacer in der Zelt der herrschenden Autoritat dieses Bucb.es gewaltsam unterdrttckt.en Zeugnisse geradezu der Verfasser desselben genannt wird, lebte etc 7* Well aware of a unity in content between Moses deLeon's Hebrew writings and the Zohar, Sachs had hardly any appreciation for their substance! For the relation between the Sef er ha-Mishkal and the Zohar see also the references to the sources in the critical edition of the text in this thesis.

in Spanlen

50.

MT, p. 240-43; cf. also R. J. Z. Werblowsky, Philo and the Zohar ih: JJS, v. 10 (1959), p. 25-44; ib. 113-135, who emphasizes the basical correspondence p. in ideas between the Zohar and the Sefer ha-Mishkal in these articles.
.

51.
52.
.

Werblowsky, o .

. ,

p.

37-41, and p.

113.

On the anti-philosophic tendencies and polemics of Moses de Leon, cf. Jellinek, p. 44; Werblowsky, o^. P. 31.
0. Scholem mentions Moses de Leon's. anti-Karaite tendencies in his article Sine unbekannte mystische Schrift des Mose de Leon in MGFJ, v. 71 (1927), cf.

53..

$.~tw.
54.

On Moses de Leon's doctrine of man cf. Alexander Altmann, The Delphic Maxim in Medieval Islam and Judaism in Biblical and other Studies Philip W. Lown Institute of Advanced Judaic Studies, Brandeis Studies and Texts: v. I. Cambridge University. 1963, p. 210 ff.
,

55.

On the tripartite soul and the platonic idea of "the highest soul" cf. MT, p. 240-43.

56.

The significance of the word "mishkal" and "shekel" Cf. also is seen from the Zohar v. 1,33/b. Shekel ha-Kodesh (ed. Greenup, London 1911), P.. 102 where is spoken about the wise of Greece who- knew the secret of "the Balance ( mishkal ) of Wisdo". On the name Sefer ha-Mishkal and Sefer ha-Hefesh ha-Hakhamah see Steinschneider, Munich, p. 151, and Steinschneider, Bod., col. 1853; Wolff, p. 817; de Rossi, p, 111. .Jellinek observes that the double titles is a peculiarity of Moses de Leon, cf JellinfelC, p. 9; 44-46..
, .

241

Notes relating to Part III

1
.

Cf.

the introduction to this thesis (Part I).

,

2.
3--

Sefer ha-Mishkal

f.lv, lines 16-17-

ib., lines 22-25.

4.

The The soul is described meaning is rather problematic. as a micro -model of. the Sefiroth and the Creator. It could mean perhaps "the matter of the mysteries The word of the degrees of the effigy etc." refers in my opinion to this mystery of "liveliness" See also f .22v, line 22 and f.27v, line 9.
The word

ib. f.2r, lines 18-20;

*ian

win

m>yo

nmo

ray

"nann" appears in most manuscripts.

f.2v
ib.

lines 13-15.

O.

f.lr
f .2r

line 25.

7.
8. 9.
1

ib.
ib.

lines 20-22. lines 14-15.

lines 20-24.

f.lv
f .2v

f.3v
ib. ib. *
ib. f .4r

lines 18-20.
lines 1-10.
lines 15-18. lines 7-9.
line
1

11. 12.
13.

f.4v

f.5r
f.5v f.6r

14. 13.
16. 17. 18.

line .
lines 1-8.

ib.

f.6v
f.6v

ib.

lines 14-17. lines 6-8.

lines 10-12.
lines 10-15.
"

f.7r
ib. ib.

19.

f.7v

20. 21.

f.8r

y3Dn ,>ya " The expression .u.w., ib. ^. i f.8v lines 21-22. the natural philosophers, is a frequently used, term in this work.

242

22.

"Let us return to our subject" is one of the. typical standard expressions in Moses.de Leon, who likes to digress from his subject,, though he also promises to "be short" or "indicate the mystery in concise allusions"
!
.

23.

An "alcheson" is defined "oy M. Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumisu The Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and Midrashic Literature New York 1950, v. I, p. 70, as the diameter of a square having as. its basic length 2/5 cubits.
,

.1

24.
2-".

Sefer ha-i^ishkal
lb.,

f.10r, lines 9-1

1

4-.

See also the Talmud f.lOr, lines 5-1 9. Jebamot 61/a and Baba Metsia 114/b. Talmud Babli cited henceforth as TB.
,

26.

TB, Berakhot 18/b; Sanhedrin 108/a.

Of.

also Job

14,22.
27.

Compare Sefer ha-Mishkal f.1~2r, lines 19-20. with the Zohar v. I l)6/a. About the doctrine of the garment of the soul see G. Scholem, Tarbitg v. 24,
uK.
(

p.

290-306, and

m,

.p.

242.

28. 29.

T3,
.

Sukkah

4;5/b;

Sanhedrin 97/b; Jebamot 49/b.

,

Compare with Shekel ha-Kodesh S.M f.15r and f.15v. 102. edition Greenup, p.
SjM. f.15v, lines 5-6.
ib.
,

30. 31.
32.

f.1or, line 3; TB, Jebamot 109/b.

i-lidrash Bereshit Rabah 4,7; 3; TB, Pesahim 54/a.

Pirke de Rabbi Eliezer

33.
34.

TB,

Joma 21/b.

A reference to the idea that the Torah is the light of the righteous ( Or zarua le-tsadik ) ? Of; Ps.
97,11.-

35. 36.
37.

SJi.
TB,

f.lSr, lines 1-8.

Rosh Hashanah 18/a.

"

TB, Joma 39/a.

38.

ib.

Sanhedrin 90/a.
38/b.

39.

ib.,

243

40.
41
.

TB, Hagiga 13/a.

.SjjM.

f .22v,

line 5.

42.

With the temple to where ib., f.25r, lines 8-21. the soul ascends is perhaps meant the Sefirah Bin.ah .
ib.,.f.26r, lines 5-17. See introduction on the title: Sefer ha-Mishkal and Shekel ha-Kodesh
.

43.

44.
45. 46.

SjMr.-f.26v, lines' 1-5.

ib.,

f.48r, lines 9-10.

Deut. 32,39; Ez. 37, 29-30.

12-14; Dan.

12,2; Ps.

104,

47.

Louis Ginzberg, The Legends of the Jews Philadelphia v.V, p. 8TT "The assertion. .that the soul. 1955. is fastened to the spine is probably related to the old view, according to which a part of the spine... is indestructible, and will, in the time of resurrection furnish the material out of which the Cf. ib. p. 184 human body will be quickened." (note 44), and v. I, p. 163.
,

48. 49.

SjM.

f.29r, lines 19-22.

Pirke de Rabbi Eliezer 34; Tana debe Eliyahu Rabba 5; 3ereshlt Rabah 96,7; Tanhuma Tfayehi 13.
SjM.
,

"-

,f.29r, line 24 - f.29v, line 12.

51. 52.

ib.,
TB,

f.29v, lines 18-20.

Sanhedrin 97/a.

'

53.

cf. Ginzberg, o.c. . v. V, TB, Avodah Zarah 5/a. ?ke expression "guf" refers to the storehouse p. 75*

PMlo
54.
5-5.

See also Werblowsky, of the pre-existent souls. and the Zohar in. JJS. v. 10, (1959), p. 114.
,

S.M ., f.33r, lines 19-25.

TB,

Sotah 17/a; Menahot 43/b; Hulin 89/a.

56.

The An allusion to the Throne - Merkabah symbolism. one who is seated on the Throne is the same "who rides the Merkabah.." S.M .. f.3~r, line 19.
TB, Berakhot 28/a.
.

57.

244

58.
59.

'S.M..
Of.
L2i'

f.35v, line
I

1.

Zohar

13b-l4/a.

60

f-37r, lines 1-$.

61.
62.

ib.,.f.39r, lines 13-15.

The word PARSES contained an allusion to the four methods of interpretation. P - Peshat - the literal meaning; R - Remez - the allegorical meaning; D - Jerush - homolitic, moral meaning; S - Sod mystical (kabbalistic) meaning.
-

63. 64.

Sjjl.

f.33, lines 20-22.

ib. ib.

f.38v, lines 13-14. f.39r, lines 4-6.

65. 66.

On the Merkabah mysticism ib., f,39v, lines 9-10. MT, chapter 2, p. 40 ff also G. Scholem, cf.
;

Jewish Gnosticism. Merkabah Mysticism, and Talmudic New York 1960, in particular ch. 4 Tradition 6ff (p. 20ff), and ch. 8 (p.
.
t:

67.

Sefer Maskiot Kesef p. 13 in my master's thesis The three points to which for Brandeis University. alludes (Hokhmah, Tlf eret Moses de Leon here Malkuth ) perhaps represent also the three vowel points Hoi em. Shurek. Hirek ) as he explains in the Maskiot Kesef
Of.
.
'

68..

SJtf.

f.42r, line 17.

69.

ib.

f.44r, lines

1 1

-2>.

70.

ib., f ,45r, lines 8-24. ib., f.4gv, lines 2 ff. ib., f.45v, line 14.

71.
72.

referred to, TB, Berakhot 4/b)

73.

The "sons of the West" are perhaps the rabbis of Israel (cf

S.M ., f.46r, line 13 ff.

ib., f.47b, line
11

74. 75.
76.

ff.

ib., f.48r, line 20 ff.

TB,

Megilah 13/a.

245

77.
78.

ibidem

For the mystery of the Circumcision cf. S.M ., f .49y. line 7 ff. The relationship between Abraham and Ezechiel is explained ib. f.49v, line 24 - f.bOr, line 10.
.

79.
80.
81
82..

ib.

f.51r, line 24 ff
,

Kidrash Bereshit Rabah 10.

See above under the mystery of the Sabbath.
The mystery of the Levirate marriage cf. S.M. .52v line 18 ff.
l

83. 84.

ib.

f.54r, line 23 ff.

lb.-,

The mystery of the Meat and Milk, line 20 ff.

ib.,
ib.,

f.57v,

85. 86. 87.

88.

f.58r, line 16 - f.65r,'line f.57v, lines 24-25. f.60r, lines 2-3.

J.oma-

1.

ib.,
TB,'

69/b.

89.
90.

S.M .. f.64r, line 25.

TB,

Shabbath 55/a.

246

Bibliography
Works of R* Moses de Leon

Manuscripts

see Introduction.

Sefer ha-Mishkal i3an TiKin ...:moy oaan> >naa ana aaaaa .ggan naon nxn ii9 0973 ... niKan >*jki iya (Ha) nK> iya aio be? la ac/o -na No>c? aa>w ma 7a xax cnsoaI'.'Ti^piyk'n oiaip "y ax>Ta Basel, 1908 :>oaia p"pa- H -y> Sefer Shekel, ha-Kodesh
C7"?pn

>PW 190

The Shekel-hak-icodesh

'

of Hoses De Leon edited, for the. first time, with marginal references by A. W. Greenup ... London.
1911*

She * eloth. u- teshuvoth

(i"o)'n aann

ano

n>ap 3aya tik> *t aera 'i> an tv >y yapa ,ag?n ayg? t >y tik> nan* . ?

in t KQihea Al. Jafl , Jerusalem 195

,o>m Minora Manuscripta Hebraica. Tom. 7 (XV),

.

.-.n^Bornas

.*"wn.

Sefer Maskiot Kesef

.

10a magra 19D

Tezt and Translation . A Thesis . . in partial fulfillment of Brandeis University , 1961 ... the Degree M. A.
-

(J, Wynhoven, pro manuscript o)

Zohar

...73a ivk maaa oa> n>3i ... lata T9D ,v"a ,a"in D>am ,DT>na awa Y'aiaa jaixn .a-K oana

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Zohar iladash
Leghorn, 1866.

v^ n

-jniT

ngo

247

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::v :..-.,;/

:.:

.-. n3Tnai
.

o?k33

rmn

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..

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...

ma>m

..l^XIEI- fni.?.'l*3.

chap? mnaoai ^>aa nva7n .3K9aKp 13?3KS 113'n HKS1H

The Babylonian v Talmud ...

translated into English with notes , glossary and indices B. Dr. I. Epstein, ed. London, 1948. pain nwon ^jL a31 g " ^ ... m>aa gam ,t.owsk-ti>- -onBO nKZ'i'n ... MaiT'.innTima mca
.

mm

The~Midrash on Psalms . Translated from, the Hebrew, and Aramaic by William New Haven, 1959. Vols. 1-2.
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Midrash Babbah .
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Per Babylonisohe Talmud neu ubertragen durch Lazarus Goldschmidt. Berlin, 1929. Vols. 1-12. Per Midrasch Bereschit Habba zum ersten Male in Deutsche ubertragen von Dr. A. Wunsche. Leipzig, 1880; in: Bibliottieca Babbinica , Eine Sammlung alter Midrasehim.
-

idem
idem idem :

Per Midrasch Scheme t Babba . Leipzig, 1882.

Per Midrasch Schir Ha-Schirim . Leipzig, 1880.

Per Midrasch Koheleth. Leipzig , 1880.
t

Midrash ha-Gadol .

nPKiai9Q.... >n-ia
-01

em a

ed. Schechter, Cambridge, 1902.

av iso . . , >nan gma ed. Hoffmann, Berlin, 1913-1921.

Midrash Konen.
.'a

, U i 3 P -na
,eman na
:

ed. Jellinek

248

Midrash Pesikta

.' nai Knp03

cma

ed. Friedmann, Vienna 1880.

~
Yafflcat

Beu-b*

ed..,

Epstein i.a:BlHS23-SlZ22M.
... mrnn >y '.lawi

MeMiJ.lt a """ r~"

>k>23

spy

nxa.

_'
. .

oip-iwi

Amsterdam 1700.

>xyatg

3m

xn73a
.

MeMlta 4e-Babbi Ishmasl

A critical edition..
. .

.a-K o3T3

by Jacob Z. Sauterbaeh.

Philadelphia, 1949. Vols. 1-3.

ARS> ~~~~

1 and

2.

mKnoia pga ma.

3-n

max

naoa

ed. Schechter, Vienna, 1887.

2. t<

Alphabet of B. Akiba 1 and

K3 , py

ain KtP3 X3 > K

:

gma
nsoa

.'a PTTan na

ed. Jellinek
r73

Eallah

..

Kn'^nsm

ed. Coronel, Vienna, 1869.

PRE
,

...

-uy>K 3H ?19

Warsaw 1852.
,

Massekhet Gan Bden. T P pn >Kiagn kd?T33 T?y

nv

Ti nsoa.

ed. Frankfort on the Main 1863.

Hemdat ha-Hemdah
'a.
.

mann man
jT3_a3
,

nsoa obi,?>

!_.!.

oOsnv
J...

Wertheimer, ed., Jerusalem, 1902.

...n'enns

L.J.

Ag^ad&t Bereshit

max

Buber ed., Qracow, 1902.

Abkat aokhel
Si*SE

.n^sa

3-i

...>annpaK
Warsaw 1876,

. . .

d>p ni?n ttto

249 The Authorized Daily Prayer Book Revised .edition.- Hebrew text, English Translation with commentary and notes by Dr.* Joseph H. Hertz. Uew York,
1959.
12il22_2E an any Titt^a nan nnay> laanm *nson i>n .nan-iaK min an V"nn f nm

mm*

Judah-flalleyi Kitah -&1 ^haaari Translated from the Arabia ... by

>

H. Hirschf eld

New York,- 1927.

Baia3 mis nsp -Tax Vxiarc ann npnyna. . .mson paa is nwa iaan ann? ,7 n snn .,*aVn .-..iia-'n

The Guide Of The. Perplexed Moses Maimonides... Translated with Introduction and Botes
"by

Shlomo Pines*.. Chicago, 1963.

Joseph ben Abraham Gikatilla

Portae Iiucis ... Gikatilla... trans. Paul. Rlcius.

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The Catalogues

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...ncnnm
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n>a

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Mandelkern,. Solomon, Ceteris. Testament! .Qoneordantiae Heb3?aioa8 a-boua .Ohaldaloaa . post,J\.; Margolinii et
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ed.-

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^eruaalem-Tel y^i^^ 1959.^

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Kassov?al^,j <H.

-f

3D>

nTnpaip

^goan oip ygnn* o**n ana ><p n^^JTiipaip x _ K oai3 p->>pn^ ... na?ci7 T
<

Coaoordanoea ^"~

Kn9Din>i n3pa> ... m3i3Tn?3ii7

nii.a>n

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n^snVp'xa*

-k D'ina
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,d^it

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o*aan '137 isis ,Tirm ,ixa'n rawi , 3'3K >n

.

..maKn ianx ,nga ,oni

,3,-X

D'3T3

,D'^1T

,plp 31H 101 a

...on'aansn V'Tn 13-tV >a*n " "

,p*n,iKa

TlTOn

,?1T-T3

,px33i n"i ian3 o"n ,p>Ka .p'cmasi na>nap miiK.i inaa ,ma.Kn ibo ,3-K 0'313 .WO ,3'3K *C1 ,1*31 C1KXV1

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Jellinek, Adolph. cMgaes *Ben vShemglob De 'Leon nnd sein Vsrhaltnisg zum Sohafe^ Bine ih^storisohrlEritisone Unter-

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,'

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idem , Bine kabbalistische Erklarung, der Prophetie als Selbstbegegnung . ibidem , p. 285-290.

idem

'

Taspbiz ,

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Werblowsky, E.

J.. Z.

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