Course : PH31006/PH41008: Mathematical Methods II : 20112012(II) Assignment 1 1.

Consider the motion of a particle of mass m moving under the inuence of the following potentials:
1 (i) V (x) = 2 kx2

(ii) V (x) = x.

(a) Reduce each of the second order equations arising out of Newtons second law (m = x V ) to a pair of rst order equations (a dynamical system). x (b) Solve the second order equations assuming x(t = 0) = x0 and p(t = 0) = p0 . (c) Draw the xed energy curves in xp space (phase space). 2. Consider the simple trac ow model discussed in the class. Given the choice of v() = vm 1
m

, solve the equation for (x, t) (make use of a new variable u =

x t

and convert

the PDE into an ODE with u as the independent variable). Can you think of another form for v ? Can you solve the equation for with your choice of v? 3. Eliminate the constants a and b (by constructing partial derivatives of z w.r.t. x,y) from the algebraic equations given below and obtain a corresponding rst order partial dierential equation: (i) 2z = (ax + y)2 + b (ii) ax2 + by 2 + z 2 = 1 4. Eliminate the arbitrary function f from the equations to obtain the corresponding PDE: (i) z = x + y + f (xy) (ii) f (x2 + y 2 + z 2 , z 2 2xy) = 0 5.(a) Find the general integrals of the linear PDEs given below: (i) z(xp yq) = y 2 x2 , (ii) y 2p xyq = x(z 2y) (b) Find the equation of the integral surface of the dierential equations below: (i) (x y)p + (y x z)q = z passing through the circle z = 1, x2 + y 2 = 1. (ii) (x y)y 2p + (y x)x2 q = (x2 + y 2)z passing through the curve xz = a3 , y = 0. 6. The probability distribution of telephone conversations carried on over a certain number of lines may be thought of as governed by the laws: (a) If a line is occupied, the probability of a conversation which started at time t = 0, ending in the interval (t, t + t) is t,where is a constant. (b) The probability of an incoming call in the interval (t, t + t) is t, where is another constant. (c) If t is small, the probability of two conversations stopping in time t is negligible. If Pn (t) is the probability that n lines are being used at time t and (z, t) is the corresponding 1

probability generating function, show that, = (z 1) t z If m lines are occupied at t = 0, show that at time t, (z, t) = 1 + (z 1)et
m

(1)

exp

(z 1) 1 et

(2)
v x

7. Assume that the rate of deposit or removal of sand on the bed of a stream is a

where a is a constant and v is the velocity of the water in the x direction. If , h denote the heights, above an arbitrary zero level, of the top of the sand in the bed and of the water surface, respectively, show that the variation of is governed by the rst order PDE: (h )2 +m =0 t x (3)

where m is a constant. Assuming h to be a constant, show that the general solution of this equation is: =f x mt (h )2 (4)

where the function f is arbitrary. If = 0 cos( 2x ) at t = 0, nd the relation between and x at time t.