TABLE 10.

PERCENTAGE

POINTS

QF THE t-DIST!RIBUTIO1~

This table gives percentage points t,,(P) defined by the

equation
~
dt
P
I r(!v+l)

fe.<P)(I+tl/V)I(V+l)'

i"'O'O"
= ~~

Let Xl and XI be independent random variables having a

nonnal distribution with zero mean and unit variance and a
xt-distribution with JIdegrees of freedom respectively; then
t = XI/.fX;!v has Student's t-distribution with JIdegreesof
freedom, and the probability that t ~ t,,(~) is ~/IOO. The
lower percentage points are given by symmetry as -tJl(~)'
and the probability that It I ~ tJl(~)is 2~fIOO.

p
JI =

40

30

25

20

The ~ting
distribution of t as J1tends to iJu inity is the
normal distribution with zero mefn and unit Vatunce. When
J1is large interpolation in J1should be harmonic.

1:5

1:0

a's

0"3249
0"2887
0"2.767
0"2.77

1"3764-

r963

3"078

~.3I4

0'6172

0.8165

1'0607

0.5844
0.5686

0'7649

0'9785

0"747

1-886 ~.920 4'33

1-638
~.3S3 3'182

0"94-10

1'386
1'250
1'190

1"533

12.132 2'776

5
6
7
8

0"2672
0"2648
0"2632
0"2619
0"2610

0.5594
0.5531
0.5491
0'5459
0.5435

0.7267
0.7176
0.7111

$.015

2"571

."895

2"447
2'365

0.727

0.8834

r.156
1.134
1.119
1.108
1.100

1"476

0.7064

0'9195
0"9057
0,8960
0.8889

10
II
12

0'.1.60.1.

0.6998
0-6974

0-8791
0.8755

1'093

1'088

13

0'.1.586

1-4

O'.1.58~

0.5415
0.5399
0"$386
0.5375
0.5366

1'372
1'363
1;356
1'350
1'345

X5

0'7.579
0'7.576
0'7.573
0'7.571
0'7.569
0'2567
0"2566
0"2564
0'2563
0"2562

0'53~9

0'6870

0'5325
0'5321
0'5317
0'5314

0'6864
0'6858

0"2561
0"2560
0"2559
0"2558
0"~557
0'2556
0'2555
0'2553
0'2552

x6
x7
x8
x9
20
2X

22
23

24
25
26

27

28
29

30

32
34
36
38
40
50

60
X20

>

0'.1.596

o'z590

0.2551

0'7265

1 .0000

0.6955

0'8726

1'083

0.6938
0'6924

0-8702
0'8681

1'079

O' 5357

0'6912

0'8662

0'5350
0'53440'5338
0'5333

0.6901

0'8647
0'8633
0'8620
0'8610

1'074
1"071

0'6892
0"6884-

0'6876

1"076

1'069
1"067
1'066

1"440
1"415
1"397
1"383

1"341
1"337
1"333
1"330
1"328

1064
1"063
1061
1060

0'~848

0-8600
0'8591
0'8583
0'8575
0'8569

0.5312
0.5309
0.5306
0.534
0.532

0"6844
0"6840
0"6837
0"6834
0"6830

0"8562
0-8557
0"8551
0"8546
0"8542

1"058
1058
1057
1"056
1"055

1'316
1'315
1.314

0.5300
0.5297
0.5294
0.5291
0.5288

0.6828
0.6822

0"8538
0-8530
0-8523
0"8517
0"8512

1'055
1'054
1'052
1'052
1'051

1'310
1'309
1'307
1'306

0'5286

0-6807

0.5278

0.8507
0.8489
0.8477
0.8446

0-8416

0"6853

0.6818
0.6814
0-6810

0'2550
0'2547
0'2545
0'2539

0'5272
0.5258

0-6794
0-6786
0-6765

0.2533

0'5244

0-6745

1059

1"325
1"323
1"321

1"319
1"318

1.313
1'311

12'71

1.943
r860

x
31.8z
6.965
4.541
3'747
3'365
3'143

Z.998

0'5

0'):

0'05

63'66
318.3
9'925 22.33
5'841
10.21

636'6
31'60

4.604

8.610
6"869
5"959
5"408
5'041
4"781

4'032

5..89:J

3'707

5.2.O:~

3'499
3'355
3'250

4.78~i

3'169
3'106

4'I4'~

3'055
3'012

3'93(1
3'8S::

2'977

3.78:'

2'947
2'921
2,898

3'73~;

4'073

3'68(.
3'64(

4'015

2,878

3'6IC

3"922

2"306
2"262

2"896
2.821

2.228
2.201
2.179
2.160
2.145

2'764
2'718
2'681

2'131
2'1Z0
ZOllO
2"101

2'602
2' 583
2'567
2' 552

.'729

Z'093

2'539

2,861

3'S7~

3"883

~'7a5

2"086
2'080

2"845
2"831
2"819

3.552
3. 52'}

2"074

3.55

3'792

1"714

2'069

2.807

2"064

3.485
3.467

3'768

~'711

2'5:1.8
2'518
2'5o8
2'500
2.492

3'850

~'7al
~'7I7

3'450
3'435

3.725
3.707
3.690

."833

~'8Ia

1'796
~'78a
~'771
t'761

~'7S3
1'746
.'740
1'734

2.060
1[708
1706

2.056

1~703

2.052
2'048

Ij701

2'650
2'624

2"485
2"479
2"473
2"467
2"462

2'797
2'787

2'779
2'771

3'421

4.587
4.437
4.318
4'ZZI

4'140

3'965

3'819

3'745

3'408

3.674-

2'756

3'396

3.659

2'750

3'385
3"365
3"348
3"333
3"319

3'646

2"045

11"697
1"694
If691

2-0422"037
2"032
2-028

2"457
2"449
2"441
2"42.9

2'738
2.728
2.719
2.712

2'434

4 .02" .'

2'763

Ir699

1,688

4.50

4.2.9.,'

1'34

J686

2-024

1"5

1"33

Il68,..

2"021

2.423

2.74- 3.307

1'47
1'45
1'041

1"299

1[676

2.403

1"296

..671

2'009
2'000

1'289

11.658

1'980

2.390
2.358

2'678
2'660

1036

1'282

11'645

1'960

2'326

45

12'92

7'I7J

3'622

3"601
3'582

3"566

2'617

3.261
3.232
3.160

3"SSI
3'496
.r
3"460
3"373

2'576

3'090

3'291