*il#t"'

"

,=A

photqgapl.r,!9. Atlqs 'fol th9=A"n_q.t9;l.y,,,?1d phy9.!9!osy-=!?.Qqralqry

Figure 3.9 tansitional epithelium

1. Cells are balloon-like at sur{ace

Figure

3.1 0 Pseudostratified columnar epithelium 1. Cilia 2. Goblet cell 3. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium 4. Basenrent ltembrane

Figure 3.'l

Adipose connective tissue

Figure 3.12 Loose connective

tissue.

1. Adipocytes (adipose cell$

Figure 3.,l3

Loose conrrective tissue staincd for fibers.

1. Eiastic fibers (black) 2. Collagen fibers (pink)

Figure 3.14 Dense irregular connective

tissue.

Epilheliol Tissue
Epithelial tissue covers the outside of the body and lines ali organs. Its primary lunction is to provide protection.

Conneclive Tissue
Connective tissue functions as a binding and supportive tissue for all other tissues in the organism. Collogenous fibers
Fibroblosts

Simple squomous epithelium Dense regulor connective lissue Nucleus Cell Nucleus
Fot

membrone
Bosement Simple cuboidol epilhelium

droplel

membrone (lomino) Adipose lissue

Goblet cell

Osteocyte
Motrix

Simple columnor epilhelium

Bone tissue

Muscle Tissue
Muscle tissue is a tissue adapted to contract. Muscles provide movement and functionaliry to the organism.

ffi

Nervous tissue lunctions to receive stimuli and transmits signals from one part ofthe organism to another.
Schwonn cell (Neurolemmocyte)

Nervous Tissue

Striotion Nucleus

Skeletol muscle

Intercoloted disc
Striotion Nucleus Neuron

Dendrite

Cordioc muscle

ffire
Smoolh == muscle Figure 3.2 Examples of animal
tissues.

Nucleus

Neurologicol cell

...U"nl]

!1,,

.-!Y-rp=l9,s..q,o=89-A,nakttu".-"=="9-f.apjg"l-s*.;.lisl.e,lpy*,

1i,.;ilfr!ftFi,

'oit 'ttl'
..i'

Figure 3.3 Simple squamous epithelium.

1. Single layer offlattened cells

Figure 3.4 Simple cuboidal epithelium. 1. Single layer of cel1s with round nuclei

Figure 3.5 Simple columnar epithelium 1. Single layer of cells with oval nuclei

Figure 3.6 Sratified

1. Muhiple layen of

ce1Ls,

squamolls epithelium. which are flattened at the r.rpper layer

Figure 3.7 Stratified cuboidal epithelium. 1. Trvo layers of cel1s with round nuclei

Figure 3.8 Stratified columnar epithelium. 1. Two layers of celis with oval nuclei
2. Lumen

I
Unit 2

Microscopic Anatomy

thpptef 3 :.H istotogy

Electron micrrgraphs courtesy of Scotr C. Miller

Figure 3.15 Dense regular connective

I.

Nuclei of fibroblasts ar.ranged in parallel rows

tissue.

Figure 3.16 An electron rnicrograph of dense regular connective tissue 1. Collagenous fiber 2. Fibroblasr

connective tissue.

Figure 3.18 An electron micrograph of dense irregular

1. Collagenous fibers

Figure 3.19 Reticular connective

1. Retrcular fibers

tissue.

Figure 3.20 Hyaiine cartilage

1. Chondrocytes

2. Hyaline cartilage

hplpgrqpf i q,,flt.lae

.-191-!he=-Anq,tgmy gnQ- P,.llys1o]pgJ

"lqhgratp]:y

Figure 3.21 Elastic

1. Chondrocytes
2. Lacunae
4r'

cartilage. 3. Elastic fibers

Figure 3.22 Fibrocartilage.

1. Chondrocytes arranged in a row

e. n ""'. . *%,,. . t,

tF.
a-...

4*,n "4

sYq

-t

Figure 3.23

Cel1s

of connective tissue'

Figure 3.24
1. Mast cells

Ce11s

of connective tissue, special preparation

2. Macr-ophages

1. Macrophages

Figure 3.25 Cells of connective

1. Plasma
cel1s

tissue.

Figure 3.26 Arr

1. Interstitial

electron microgr-aph of bone tissue.

1ame1lae

2. Lamellae 3. Central canal

(haversian canal)

4. Lacunae 5. Osteon (haversian

system)

U-$ ?.-

M i 9 [ psg

qplc A!.49 n y:='---c.=f !.q.p,.!sr.,3.

tsle],eey

"fi;;
3'j

+ '"'
atl-lr
:.1
i'{fr
.*
1

it+6S'

ffi ln*
1i

i.o'$

:,

s,f

q$i
E] "F,

I
n*i

yJ:

P 1Ft.'
Ir+ ht *tB
*

Figure 3.27

Cross section of two osteons in bone tissue. 1. Osteocvtes .,vithin lacunae 3. Canaliculi 2. Central (haversian) canals 4. Lamella ;s..t .. :'::3
+
rr

tI..'.' *tr li @*'ti", * \

t$.1': S'l

*,?.I
'i

l+- I

!'*v-i
1

7t 6

t
Figure 3.28 Spongy (cancellous) bone.
1. Spicr-rle of bone 2. Marrorv (includes adipose
ce11s)

:Iil

iSj /^r!
a

l
t
*:
.!r

,
:

-1'

Figure 3.29 Longitudinal section of

1. Central (haversian) canal

osteons

2. Perforating (Volkmarrt) canals 3. Central (haversian) canals

--*

S =* +* =e='=;%-. =

#e
Yq #
im"

ffi,

h'=:d
ffi

-#,
T-"ry!**ttr? '

#.;+

Figure 3.30 osteoblasts

1. Osteoblasts 2. Bone

',##

Figure 3.3I
3. Osteoid 4. Osteocytes

1. Osteocytes 2. Bone 3. Howshipk lacuna

Osteoclast.

4. Osteoclast in
Howship's lacuna

:j_

{,

<-;+hriii-i
Lj4lili

ts'
ll ':,

...illl;lr

n Plptoetep!iq

All19= f o1 !-h,9. A qratq-my

.a n

hysi.g

ogy

La

borato ry

Figure 3.32 Longitudinal section of skeletal muscle

. Skeleral musclc ,'ell., note srria6ons 2. Multiple nuclei in periphery of cell
I

tissue.

Figure 3.33
1. 2. 3. 4.

Cross section of skeletal muscle tissue Skeletal muscle celis

Nuclei in periphery of

cel1

Endomysium (surrounds cells)

Perirr-rysium (surror-rnds bundles

of

cel1$

Figure 3.34 Attachment

of skeletal muscle to tendon.

Figure 3.35 Cardiac muscle

3. Nr"rcieus in center of cell

tissue.

1. Skeletal muscle 2. Dense regular connective tissue (tendon)

1. Intercalated discs 2. Light-staining perinuclear sarcoplasm

Figure 3.36 Smooth muscle

1. Smooth muscle 2. Blood vessel

tissue.

Figure 3.37 Partially

teased smooth muscle tissue.

1. Nucleus of individual ce1l

Unit 2

ff:,*a' . -,* +'* e sS

*=,-'f
,

?s

Figure 3.38 Conduction myofibers (Purkinje 1. Conduction myofibers in the heart

fibers).

Figure 3.39 Nervous

tissue.
ce1ls

1. Nuclei of surrounding ner,rroelial 2. Nucleus of neuron

3. Nucleolus of neuron 4. Dendrites of neuron

Figure 3.40

1. 2. Epineurium

Perineurium

Cross secrion
3
4.

ofa peripheral nerve

Endoneurium Bundle ofaxons

Figure 3.4,l
1.

Endoneurium

Cross section

2. Axons

of a peripheral nerve. 3. Myelin sheath 5. Epineurium 4. Pelineurium

Figure 3.42 A nerve stained with osmium

1. Myelin sheath

Figure 3.43 A longitudinai secrion of axons.

1. Myelin sheath 2. Neurofibril nodes (nodes of Ranvier)

2. Endoneurium
3. Axon

';*Sri1;

. , -==... A Phpj,o#ap!i.q.A!!es L rJle

$=1.aJ.o.py=and

Phygiglogy,,fapgrato-!'y

',o-- '-: ':i -.l-.

t.

' ,.. ;' l*!.i '.,.i : :l ,

:;t!i71-

,,i.\

.r

Figure 3.44 Neurcmr-rscuiar junction. 1. Motor nerve 3. Skeletal nuscle 2. Motor end plrtes fiber

Figure 3.46

Cross section of the spinal cord. 1. Posterior (dorsal) root of spinal nene 2. Posterior (dorsal) horn (grav matter) 3. Spinal cord tract (r,vhite rnatter) 4. Anterior (ventral) horn (gray nratter)

Figure 3.47 Motor

1. Neuroglia celis

ncLrrons fi'onr spinal cord

2. Dendrites

3. Nucleus

Unit 2

,U!ie.rq:c.qp1,q,.3-!.?]e__rrJ._=_Q_hqp-Ler_.3",;!r.ip.Lq=ig.sy

Figure 3.39

Nervor.rs tissue.

1. Nuclei of surrounding neuroglial cells 2. Nucieus of neuron

3. Nucleolus of neuron 4. Dendrites of neuron

Figure 3.40
1.

Perineurium

Cross secrion

2. Epineurium

of a peripheral nerve. 3. Endoneurium 4. Bundle ofaxons

Figure 3.4,l

Cross section of a peripheral nelve. 1. Endoneurium 3. Mvelin sheath 5. Epineurium 2. Axons 4. Perineurium

Figure 3.42 A nerve stalned wirh osmium.

1. Myelin sheath

Figure 3.43 A longitudinal section of axons

1. Myelin sheath 2. Neurofibril nodes (nodes of Ranvier)

2. Endoneurium 3. Axon