Statistics 1000-001, 021 Review problems for exam 2

1. Consider the following discrete probability distribution for the random variable X:

x 5 4 3 2 1 P(x) .1 .3 .2 ..05 .35 Find the mean and standard deviation of X:

2. . Explain all the assumptions necessary for a discrete random variable X to have a B(n, p) distribution.

3 On the PGA tour, professional golfers make 90% of putts that are 3ft or shorter. Suppose we independently sample 100 pros and have them each attempt a 3 foot putt. Let X = the number of putts out of the 100 that go in the hole. State what the distribution of X is, find it mean, standard deviation, and the probability that the number of puts that go in is strictly more than 87 but less than or equal to 95, i.e. P(87 < X 95).

4. Explain all the properties of a continuous probability density (distribution) graph:

5. Daily low temperatures in a certain city for the month of January follow a uniform distribution over the interval -10F to 30F. What is the probability that a randomly selected day in January has a low temperature between 5oF and 5oF ?

6. Explain the properties of the normal distribution graph, including the relationship between its shape, center, and :

7 .The tread life of a particular brand of tire is a random variable best described by a normal distribution with a mean of 90,000 miles and a standard deviation of 6000 miles. If we select a tire of this brand at random, what is the probability that the tire tread is worn out before 81,000 miles ?

8. Referring to question # 7, the manufacturer would like to offer a tread wear warranty (in miles) on the tires but does not want any more than 1% of the tires sold to wear out prior to the expiration of the warranty. How many miles should the tires be warranted for ?

9. List the 4 methods for determining if sample data comes from an approximately normal distribution

10. Explain precisely both the assumptions and the conclusion of the Central Limit Theorem.

11. The amount of milk in half gallon containers has a true mean = 64.2 oz and a standard deviation = 0.1 oz. Nothing else is known about the distribution. A random sample of n=100 cartons is selected, and X is the mean amount of milk in the100 containers. Find P(64.21 < X )

12.. If in #11you had been told that the distribution of the amount of milk in half gallon containers was N(64.2, 0.1), would your answer be different ? Why or why not ?

13. A random sample of n=49 NBA players produces a mean height X = 79.5. The standard deviation for the entire population of heights of NBA players, is known to be 4.75. Create a 94% confidence interval for , the true mean height of all NBA players.

14. Suppose that 150 samples of size n = 75 are independently chosen from the same population and that each sample is used to construct its own 90% confidence interval for the unknown population mean . About how many of the 150 confidence intervals would you expect to actually contain ?

15. If a confidence interval is too large, what can be done to reduce its width? If too small, what can be done to increase its width?

16. Explain (or list) the basic features of the T-distribution, stating both how it is similar to the N(0,1) distribution as well as how it differs. How does the shape of the t-distribution curve change as the number of degrees of freedom increases ?

17. Using either the invNorm function of the TI-84 (if you have one) or the t-table, find the following: a. The value used in a 95% CI for when the sample size is 19:

b. The value used in a 98% CI for when the sample size is 11

c. The value such that the area to the right of it under a T24 distribution is .05

18. It is thought that persons on high sodium diets are at risk for high blood pressure. A random sample of n = 16 persons on high sodium diets is taken and it is found that their mean systolic blood pressure, X , is 178, with a sample standard deviation s of 32. Find the error term in a 95% confidence interval for the true mean systolic pressure of all persons on high sodium diets.

19. Suppose you are creating a CI for the population mean with either known or unknown. Suppose the sample size n is under 30. What must be the approximate distribution of the population sampled from for the CI to be valid ?

20. A math SAT prep course allegedly raises the math SAT scores of those students who have taken the course. Let be the mean change in math SAT scores for all students who have taken this course. If the 95% CI for is (5, 42) can you be 95% confident that the prep course really raises math SAT scores ? (Why or why not)

21. Let the r.v. X be the price of a college textbook selected at random. Suppose X ~ N(, 9.50), so that the standard deviation is known to be $9.50, but the mean is unknown. Suppose the 20th percentile of this distribution in known to be $90. Find the mean . Hint: Find the 20th percentile of the N(0,1) distribution, and recall that

~ N(0,1).

22. In creating a 95% CI for a population mean in which the population standard deviation is known to be 20, it is desired to keep the margin of error, (also called sampling error, or just the error term) less than 3.5. How large a sample size is required ? (Round up to next integer.)

23. A poll is being conducted to estimate (via a 95% CI) the proportion of voters (p) who currently approve of President Obamas job performance. Each voter polled can only respond approve or disapprove. We would like the margin of error in the poll to be no more than .04, and we have no prior estimate of p. How large a sample size is required to keep the margin of error .04 ? (Round up to next integer)

24. Explain in complete detail why invNorm[1 normalcdf (b, 10^99)] = b. Hint: start with the inside function, explaining exactly what the term in brackets [ ] is.