Answers: Topic 1: Concepts of Algebra

Answers
TOPIC 1: CONCEPTS OF ALGEBRA

Exercise 1.1

1. (a)
3 1
4( 2) 4( 2) x x
+
+
(b)
3 2
1 x x
+

(c)
1 1
1
2( 1) 2( 1) x x
+
+

2.
3 6 9
2( 1) 2 2( 3) x x x
+

3.
2
2 1
2( 2 2( 4)
x
x x

+

TOPIC 3: MATRICES
Exercise 3.1

1. (a) 4 4 (b) elements of leading diagonal

(c) a
23
= 9

a
32
= 12

a
43
= 17

2. x = 4, y = 5, z = 0

3.
6
(a) 7
2
| |
|
|
|
\ .
8 0 5
(b) 0 2 7
2 5 9
| |
|
|
|
\ .

ANSWERS

186
4.
2 3 4
(a) 3 2 2
7 3 3
| |
|
|
|
\ .
7 6 10
(b) 2 1 10
15 11 10
| |
|
|
|
\ .

7 3 2
(c) 15 11 16
4 12 9

| |
|

|
|
\ .

5. (a) 5

(b)
1 2
2 4
| |
|
\ .

(c) ( ) ac bd +

(d)
ac ad
bc bd
| |
|
\ .

(e) 0

(f) 0

6.
16 16 14
0 2 5
| |
|
\ .

7. (a) (b)
a b c a b c
d e f d e f
g h i g h i
| | | |
| |
| |
| |
\ . \ .

8.
3 0 0 2 0 0
( ) 3 3 0 0 2 0
10 1 6 0 0 2
A B C AC
| | |
|
+ = =
|
|
\ . \
|
|
|
|
.
ANSWERS
187

1
5 7 1
2 2 2
3 4 1
15 21 5
2 2 2
A

| |
|
|
=
|
|
|
\ .
|
|
.
|
|
.
|
|
.

9. A
5
=
1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6
1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4

| || || || || |
| | | | |

\ .\ .\ .\ .\ .
=
1 6 1 6 1 6 5 18
1 4 1 4 1 4 3 10

| || || ||
| | |

\ .\ .\ .\
=
1 6 1 6 13 42
1 4 1 4 7 22

| || ||
| |

\ .\ .\
=
1 6 29 90
1 4 15 46

| ||
|

\ .\
=
61 186
31 94
| |
|
\ .
TOPIC 4: SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS
Exercise 4.1

1.
2 3
(a)
3 5
x x
y y
| || | |
=
| |
\ .\ . \
|
|
.
(b)
'
'
'
4 -2 1
-2 1 6
1 -3 2
x x
y y
z z
| || | |
| |
=
| |
| |
\ .\ . \
|
|
|
|
.

2. k = 0

3.
1 1
2 1 1 1
5 5 5 5
3 1 3 2
10 10 5 5
A B

| | | |
| |
= = | |

| |
| |
\ . \ .

ANSWERS

188

7 1
1 1
5 5
(a) (b)
3 2 3 1
10 5
2 2
C D
x y
| |
|

| |
= = |
|

| \ .
|
\ .
= =

4.
21 0 0
| |
21 0 0
| |
0 21 0
0 0 21
AB
|
=
|
|
\ .
0 21 0
0 0 12
AB
|
=
|
|
\ .
1
11 3 13
21 7 21
2 1
0
3 3
2 1 3
7 7 7
A

| |
|
|
|
=
|
|
|
|
\ .

3 2 a b c = = =1
2 0 0
| |

5. 0 2 0
0 0 2
AB
|
=
|
|
\ .
1
1 3 1
2 5 2
1 5 1
2 2 2
1 1 1
2 2 2
A
| |
|
|

|
=
|
|

|
|
\ .

x = 3 y = 1 z = 2

6. (i)
3 2 11
;
2 1 12
x
y
| || | |
=
| |
\ .\ . \
|
|
.

5
;
2
x
y
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .

ANSWERS
189
(ii)
1 1 1 6
1 2 1 2 ;
0 1 1 1
x
y
z
| || | |
| |
=
| |
| |
\ .\ . \
|
|
|
|
.

1
4
3
x
y
z
| | | |
| |
=
| |
| |
\ . \ .

(iii)
4 3 2 7
1 1 0 5
3 0 1 4
x
y
z
| || |
| |
=
| |
| |
\ .\ .
;
| |
|
|
|
\ .

0
5 ;
4
x
y
z
| | | |
| |
=
| |
| |
\ . \ .

7. Inverse matrix =
4 8 4
16 16 16
3 2 3
8 8 8
9 6 1
8 8 8

| |
|
|
|
|
|

|
|
\ .

x = 1 y = 4 z = 2
TOPIC 5: SEQUENCES AND SERIES
Exercise 5.1

1. (a) S
20
= 2020

(b) 425 is not one of the term in the sequence.

2.
1
2
r =

ANSWERS

190
3. y = 5

4. U
8
+ U
9
+ ... + U
20
= 819

5. a = 54, U
3
+ U
4
+ U
5
=
14
3

6. n = 38
TOPIC 6: FUNCTIONS
Exercise 6.1

1. A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
B = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20}
H : B A

(a)

4
8
12
16
20
2
4
6
8
10

is multiple of

(b) H = {4,2), (8,2), (12,2), (16,2), (20,2), (4,4), (8,4), (12,4), (16,4), (20,4),
(12,6), (8,8), (16,8), (20,10)}

H = {(x,y) : x e B, y e A and x = y a with a e Z
+
}

ANSWERS
191
(c) Graf Cartesian

Y
X
10
8
8 12 16 20
6
4
4
2

2. (i) Relation one to many
(ii) Relation many to many
(ii) Relation many to one

Exercise 6.2

1. (i) 3 (ii) 1 (iii) 2

(iv) 7 (v) 10 (vi) 3

2. (i) ( )
3
3 ( ) 2 f g x x x + = + + (ii)
3
2 3
( )
f x
x
g x
| | +
=
|
\ .

(iii) 2x
3
+ 3 (iv) (2x + 3)
3
(v) 4x + 9

3. (i) x 4 (ii)
2
4 x

4. (i)
5
( )
( ) 8 3
g x x
f x x
=
=
(ii)
1
( )
( ) 8 3
g x
x
f x x
=
=
(iii)
4
( )
2 1
( )
2 1
g x x
x
f x
x
=
+
=

ANSWERS

192
5. (i) Yes (ii) No (iii) No

6. (i)
1
( ) 3 9 f x x
= + (ii)
1 3
( ) 1 f x x
= (iii)
1
6
( )
2
x
f x
+
=

Exercise 6.3

1. Figure 1 This relation is not a function because there is an object with two
images

Figure 2 This relation is not a function because there is an object with two
images

Figure 3 This relation is a functionrelation many to one and all objects
have images

2. (i) 6 (true) (ii) 2 22 (false)

(iii) 5 (true) (iv) h
2
8h 13 (false)

3. (i)
3
( ) f x x =

For this equation, each object of f has one and only one image. Thus,
this equation is a function. The domain of f is the set of all real
numbers.

(ii)
1
( ) f x
x
=

For this equation, we cannot find the square root of a negative number.
Hence,
1
( ) f x
x
= is defined (exists) only for values of
x 0. It is clear that each object of f has one and only one image. Thus,
this equation is a function. The domain of f is {x = x > 0}.

(iii) y
2
= 2x

If simplify y
2
= 2x

ANSWERS
193
It is clear that this equation (y) has two images for each value of x for
example

2, 2(2) 2 x y y = = => =

Hence, y
2
= 2x is not a function.

(iv)
1
1
y
x
=
+

For this equation, y is defined only for all real numbers except for
when k = 1. When x = 1, the denominator of
1
1 x +
will equal to zero.
Since division by zero is undefined, the natural domain of ( ) f x is the
set of all real numbers except 1 or {x : x e R, x 1}.

4. (i) 81 (ii) 5 (iii)
25
36
(iv)
1
36

5.
2
4
16 16 4
h
h h

+ +

TOPIC 7: LINEAR FUNCTIONS
Exercise 7.1

1. (i)
x -3 -2 -1
-1 1
0
0 F(x)
5
4
3
2
1
-1
-1
-2
-2
-3
-3 1 2 3 4

1 2
2 3 4

ANSWERS

194
(ii)

x -2 -1
-1 -3
0 1
1 3 F(x)
f(x) = -2x-1
5
4
3
2
1
-1
-1
-2
-2
-3
-4
-3 1 2 3 4
-5
2

2.
4
-4
3
-3
2
-2
1
1 2
x
h(x) = -2x
f(x) = x
g(x) = 2x
k(x) = 2x = +3
-1

3. ( ) f x = ax + b
Given
3
4
a = , and b = 2
Hence,
3
( ) 2
4
f x x = +

ANSWERS
195

5
4
3
2
1
1
-1
-2
-3
-4
2 3 4
f(x) = 3x + 2
4
x

(i) b = 4
a = 5

Given ( ) f x = 5x 4
Hence, (5) f = 21

(ii) a =
2 1
,
5 5
b =
6

( ) f x =
2 1
5 5
x +
6

Hence,
6
(5)
5
f =

(iii) a =
3 7
,
2 2
b =
( ) f x =
3 7
2 2
x +
Hence, (5) f = 11

5. m = 2, ( ) f x = 2a + b, b is a constant.

ANSWERS

196
Exercise 7.2

1. Coordinate of the vertex of the parabola
(a)
2
3 y x =
Vertex (0,0)

(b)
2
5 y x = +
Vertex (0,5)

(c)
2
3 ( 4) y x =
Vertex (4,0)

(d)
2
4( 2) 1 y x = +
Vertex (2,1)

2. ( ) f x = 2x
2
+ 8x + 1

(0,1)
Vertex (2,9)
(4,1)
x
0 1 2 3 4
f(x) 1 7 9 7 1

3.
2 2
1 1
(i) ( ) (ii) ( )
12 8 2 2
f x x f x x x = =
1 1

ANSWERS
197
4. (i) y = ( ) f x = (x 3)
2
+ 5
(a) the vertex of the parabola is (3,5)
(b) the equation if the symmetric axis is x = 3
(c) the domain is ( ) f x 5
(d) the range of the function is all real numbers

(ii) y = ( ) f x = (x 3)
2
+ 5
(c) the domain is real numbers
(d) the range of the function is ( ) f x 5

(iii) y = ( ) f x = 2(x + 1)
2
3

(iv) y = ( ) f x = 2(x 1)
2
+ 3

(v)
2
( 2)
( ) 4
4
x
y f x
+
= =
ANSWERS

198
5. (a) ( ) f x = (x + 1)
2
2
(i) The coordinate of the vertex (1,2)
(ii) The equation of the symmetric axis x = 1
(iii) The y intercept is 1

(b) ( ) f x = (x 2)
2
+ 3

(c) ( ) f x = 3(x + 1)
2
6

6. (a) a = 2 (b) k = 3
TOPIC 8: RATIO AND RADICAL FUNCTIONS
Exercise 8.1

1. (a)

4
4 2 0
2
-2
-4
x
y
f(x) =
1
x
2 4
g(x) =
1
x + 2
ANSWERS
199
(b)

(c)

2. (a)

4
2
0
-2
-2 -4
-4
f(x) =
1
x
2 4
g(x) =
1
2x
x
y
-4 -2 2 0
x
y
1
2
3
4
5
f(x) =
1
x
2
4
g(x) =
1
(x - 3)
2
4
2
-2
-4
-6
-8
y
-2 -4 -6 -8
x
Asymptotes: x = 4, y = 2

Domain: all the real
numbers x except x = 4

Range: all real numbers y
except y = 2
ANSWERS

200
(b)

Exercise 8.2

1. (i)

(ii)

4
2
0
-2
-4
2
y
-2 -4
x
4

Domain: all the real
numbers x except x = 1

Range: all real numbers
Asymptotes: x = 1,
y = 2
y > 2
3
2
2 4
1
0
-1
-2
x
6 8 10
f(x) =
x

x
-2 g(x) =
2 4
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
-3
f(x) =
6 8 10
x
x
2 x
g(x) =
ANSWERS
201
(iii)

(iv)

2.

6
5
4
3
2
1
0 2 4 6
x
8 10
f(x) = x
g(x) = x 2
5
4
3
y
2
1
-3 -2 -1
0
1 2
g(x) =
x 3 4 5
2
1
+ x
f(x) =
x
1
-1
-2 2
3
-1 1 5
ANSWERS

202
TOPIC 9: EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
Exercise 9.1

1. (a)

5
4
3
y
2
1
-3 -2 -1
0
1 2
x
e y =
= y
x
3 4 5
2 x
e

(b)

2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
2 4
x
6 8 10
y = ln x
y =
2
x ln
ANSWERS
203
(c)

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2
0
2
-2
-4
y = ) ln( x
2 4 6
x
8 10
y = x ln

(d)
=
x
e y
x
e y =
2 +

8
6
4
2
-2 -1
0
1
x
2
x
e y

=
x
e y

=1

(e)

3
2
1
-1
-2
y
-3
-4
-5
-3 -2 -1 1
x
2 3
ANSWERS

204
(f)
x
e y

=1
2
1
x
e y

=

2. (a) x > 4
(b) all the real numbers
(c) x > 0

3. 3
TOPIC 10: TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTIONS
Exercise 10.1

1. (a) 270 (b) 30 (c) 240

2. (a)
6
t
(b)
4
t
(c)
2
3
t

3. (a) positive (b) positive (c) positive

4. (a) 0.8660254 (b) 1.0030922 (c) 12.745495

5. (a)

(b)

2
1
0
-1
-2
y
-3
-4
-5
-3 -2 -1 1 2
x
3
13
6
Anticlockwise
-3 Clockwise
ANSWERS
205
6. (a)
3
2
(b)
3
2
(c)
1
2
(d)
1
2

7. 15.43 rad/sec

8. 11.43 cm

9.
5
,
6 6
x
t t
=

x =
1
2
10. cos tan x

sin
cos
cos
x
x
x
| |
|
\ .
=
1
2

x =
1
2
sin
x = 45 , 135

Answers: Topic 1: Concepts of Algebra

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