Kathrein-Werke KG
Rosenheim PO Box 10 04 44 Phone:+ 49 (0)8031 184 - 0 Fax: +49 (0)8031 184 991
antennas.mobilcom@kathrein. de www.kathrein.de
Content
1. Polarization - Diversity-Antennas 2. Site-Sharing with Multiband-Antennas 3. Remote Electrical Tilt 4. Adaptive Antennas and Tower Top Electronics
Diversity combining
Diversity with two antennas
10 5 Signal Level [dB] 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 Time
8 8
1 Rx 2 Rx 1
Combined Signal
10 5 Signal level [dB] 0 -5 1 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 Time
CrossCrossCorrelation Correlation
Diversity
Typical Diversity Gain for GSM - System (max. uncorrelated, equal level)
Outage Probability (y<x)
1,E+00
Div-gain 7 dB
1,E-01 Pr ( <x)
single signal
1,E-02
1,E-03
Diversity
Space Diversity Arrangement
uses two vertical polarized Rx antennas (Rxa and Rxb) with a horizontal spacing of 12-15 Omni base station : 3 omni antennas with the Tx antenna on a higher level
3m 3m
Reflektor
Vektor-dipol -halfpower beamwidth 65- 90 -low crosspol- level -broadband design(1710 - 2170 MHz)
Space-Diversity-Arrangement
Polarization-DiversityArrangement
Frequency behavior
15 30 0 345 330 315 300 285
-30
-20
-30
-20
TETRA GSM DVB-H AMPS GSM 900 GSM 1800 UMTS UMTS LTE WiMax
380 - 430 MHz 450 MHz 512-860 MHz 824 - 890 MHz 880-960 MHz 1710 - 1880 MHz 1920 - 2170 MHz 2500 - 2700 MHz 3.4 - 3.8 GHz
GSM900 (D-Netz)
Triple-Band Antennas
Major Mobile Communication Frequencies
TETRA GSM DVB-H AMPS GSM 900 GSM 1800 UMTS UMTS LTE WiMax
380 - 430 MHz 450 MHz 512-860 MHz 824 - 890 MHz 880-960 MHz 1710 - 1880 MHz 1920 - 2170 MHz 2500 - 2700 MHz 3.4 - 3.8 GHz
6 Systems, independently adjustable 6 Systems, independently adjustable --GSM 900 --GSM 1800 --UMTS GSM 900 GSM 1800 UMTS
Adjustable Electrical DT
Combined radiators 806-960/1710-2170 MHz
C-Filter-Combiner 1710-1880 MHz 1920-2170 MHz DPS-Differential Phase-Shifter
Scheme of Triple-Band-Antenna
Downtilt UMTS
Cell Brathing
RET
Adjustable Electrical DT
Schemes of Triple-Band-Antenna
Adjustable Electrical DT
Schemes of Triple-Band-Antenna
C-Filter-Combiner
DPS-Differential Phase-Shifter
UMTS / WCDMA-Network
Optimization of Service
98 96 Service Propability 94 92 90 88 86 84 82 80 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 Number of Subscribers Without RET RET optimized Azimuth optimized
Influence of Downtilt-Optimization - a) RET and Pilot Power - b) RET, Pilot Power and Azimuth adjustment
Based on study results by Symena Software & Consulting GmbH Wien: www.symena.com The value of automated optimization , publishing with allowance of Symena
RET- Scenarios
Network-Planing Tool Dynamical Predefined Modus Scenarios -Optimization Time
-Reaction Time -Administration
OMC Control Network
Smart-BIAS-T
Antenna
RCU
TMA BTS
Central Control unit
Feeder lines
Adaptive Antennas
Antennas with beam-forming: Antennas withbeambeam-forming: - -"SMART" - -Antennas "SMART" Antennas - -Multi-Beam-Antennas Multi-BeamMulti-Beam-Antennas - -Adaptive Antennas Adaptive Antennas - -Increased Capacity Increased Capacity - -Reduced interference level Reduced interference level - -Reduced Transmit-Power ReducedTransmitTransmit-Power - -Reduction of average EM Reduction of average EM fields fields but but -Expensive BTS -Expensive BTS -n xxFeeder Cables -n Feeder Cables -Higher Size -Higher Size - -Reduced Site Sharing Capabilities Reduced Site Sharing Capabilities
Standard BTS Control via: -Handover (Switched) -Soft Handover (MakroDiversity) -Backbone network takes over high traffic -or increased handovers required -2X...4X dual beam antennas -common 6-sector arrangements
Special BTS for n Sensors Beam-Forming Algorithm -Switched fixed beam -MRC principle Pilot carrier (BCCH) has to been distributed within the whole cell
Adaptive Antennas
For QPSK-Modulation, uncorrelated carriers:
BER MRC-Receiver, noncorrelated signals
1,E+00
Pb, MRC
2r 1 2 1 = r 4 2 2 r =0
M 1
Pt 2 Pt + n
Tx-Power noise
1,E-03 BER 1,E-04 Single Sensor 2 sensors 3 sensors 1,E-06 4 sensors 1,E-05 1,E-07 -19 -17 -14 -12 -10 -7 -5 -3 0 2 5 7 9 12 14 16 19 21 24 26 28 31 SNR [dB]
MRC
M=4 M=8
Adaptive Antennas
Array Gain
14 12 10 Gain [dB] 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Number of sensors
M axim um T ypical G ain (non gain correlated) 0 dB 0 dB 8 dB 10.5 dB 13 dB 4..5 dB 6..10 dB 8..11 dB
d6sect=1.41d3sect
6-Sector Ultra High sites Increased Coverage due to increased height of the Tx Antenna
path loss
140 130 120 110 100 90 80 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,7 0,9 1,1 1,3 1,5 1,7 1,9 Distance [km] f=2GHz, gTx=18 dBi, Okumurata-Hata
3dB-Hybrid
Frequenz
HPBW
Azimuth
Frequenz
HPBW
Azimuth
4x2 Butler-Matrix
Horizontal Scan-Width
0 degree 5 degree 10 degree 15 degree 20 degree
transmission= 20 W
M CPA
TM A
dissipation2= 5W
MultiRRH
dissipation1= 25 W
CPRIInterface
PTx= 50 W = 10%
BTS
BTS
Pin= 500 W
Re Im DownConv
CPRI
CPRI
Rx2-Control of Amplitude/Phase
Tx
Rx1
Rx2