1

Marks: 1

Stress is an inevitable and essential part of life. People have different responses to stress, and fortunately, stress management is a learnable skill. Which stress management technique means to assist crisis workers/team members to deal positively with the emotional impact of a severe event/disaster and to provide education about current and anticipated stress responses, as well as information about stress management? Choose one answer. a. Sports b. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing - Critical Incident Stress Debriefing. A critical incident is any unusually strong or overwhelming emotional reaction which can interfere with work during and after the event.Socials help in the development of interpersonal relationships and the lack of it makes life boring and empty. Self-awareness increases sensitivity to the inner self. Sports and physical activities have been known to relieve stress. (DOH)

c. Socials d. Self Awareness Incorrect

Marks for this submission: 0/1.

Question2
Marks: 1

Cholera is a severe gastrointestinal disease resulting from an enterotoxic elaborated by Vibrio cholerae organisms. It is transmitted through the fecal-oral route via contamination of water, milk and other foods. Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of cholera? Choose one answer. a. loss of voice or aphonia b. cold clammy sweat, decreased BP c.Kussmaul respirations d. bloody, mucoid stool - bloody, mucoid stool. Bloody, mucoid stool is the pathognomonic sign of Bacillary dysentery or shigellosis. Stool in cholera appears rice-watery. Cold clammy sweat and decreased BP are signs of severe dehydration, and are often manifested in cholera. Because of the large loss of bicarbonate through the stools, acidosis occurs and Kussmaul respirations are noted. Aphonia is also a clinical manifestation of cholera. (San Lazaro compilation)

Incorrect

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Question3
Marks: 1

Mumps is an acute contagious disease spread by direct contact or through fomites (freshly soiled with secretion from the nasopharynx) in the immediate environment of a person with the disease. Man is the only natural reservoir for the virus. Which of the following nursing interventions must be included in the plan of care in the client with mumps?

Choose one answer. a. Apply eye ointment on the conjunctiva from the inner to the outer canthus. b. Apply and ice collar and give a daily bath. - Apply an ice collar and give a daily bath. Inflammation of the lachrymal glands or conjunctivitis are uncommon. Eye ointments are not usually prescribed. Ice collars, ice packs and other cold applications help to relieve pain. Good skin care and oral hygiene helps keep the patient comfortable. (DOH)

c. Apply an ice collar or ice pack over the parotid glands. d. Give the client a bath daily to promote comfort and hygiene. Incorrect
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Question4
Marks: 1

The Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) was established as a means to improve the delivery of comprehensive and essential health packages to children. Albert, 5 years old has had diarrhea for 6 days. There is no blood in the stool. He is restless and irritable and rinks eagerly when offered water. His eyes are not sunken. After pinching the skin on the abdomen, it goes back after 1 second. Based on IMCI, Albert's condition is classified as: Choose one answer.

a. Severe Dehydration b. No Dehydration c.Persistent Diarrhea d. Some Dehydration - Some Dehydration. To be classified as Some Dehydration, the child must present at least two of these signs: restless, irritable, sunken eyes, drinks eagerly, thirsty, skin pinch goes back slowly. At least two of these signs must be observed to be classified asSevere Dehydration: abnormally sleepy or difficult to awaken, sunken eyes, not able to drink or drinking poorly, skin pinch goes back very slowly. The diarrhea must be present for 14 days or more to be classified as persistent diarrhea. Albert has manifested 2 signs in the category of Some Dehydration.

Incorrect

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Question5
Marks: 1

Chickenpox is an acute and highly contagious viral disease characterized by vesicles on the skin and mucous membrane. An attack confers long immunity and second attacks are rare. Which of the following is NOT routine care for a pediatric patient with chicken pox?

Choose one answer. a. Leave the child alone and do not disturb him. - Leave the child alone and do not disturb him. Various activities must be provided for the child to keep him preoccupied so that the urge to scratch lessens. The other choices are routinely done. Chicken pox is transmitted through direct contact with patients from the vesicles, through indirect contact through linens or fomites, and through droplet infection. (Navales)

b. Instruct the child to use mittens. c. Disinfect used linen under sunlight or through boiling. d. Place the client in respiratory isolation until all vesicles have crusted. Incorrect
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Question6
Marks: 1

Diphtheria occurs in 2 forms: respiratory and cutaneous. Its causative agent Corynebacterium diphtheriae is spread through airborne droplet transmission or hand-to-mouth contact, with humans as its only natural reservoir. Which of the following is NOT a complication of diphtheria? Choose one answer.

a.Atelectasis

- Atelectasis. Diphtheria infects the body in either the throat or the skin. In some severe cases, the entire neck can become swollen (bull's neck) with edema and airway obstruction can lead to death through asphyxiation. In such cases, tracheotomy may be necessary. Polyneuritis can occur including paralysis of the soft palate, ciliary muscles of the eye, pharynx, larynx or extremities. Myocarditis can occur because of the action of the diphtheria toxin on the heart muscles. Atelectasis is not a complication of diphtheria. (Navales)

b.Myocarditis c.Polyneuritis d. Airway obstruction Incorrect

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Question7
Marks: 1

Filipino eating habits in various establishments, especially in urban centers, present an increasing risk of the population to food-borne infection due to unsanitary handling and preparation of food. Which of the following is NOT one of the "Four Rights on Food Safety"? Choose one answer. a. Right Storage

b. Right Amount

- Right Amount. The 4 rights on food safety involve the chain in food processing from the source in the market until the food reaches the table. The 4 rights in food safety are: right source, right preparation, right cooking, right storage. (DOH)

c. Right Cooking d. Right Source Correct

Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question8
Marks: 1

Infant and Young Child Feeding calls for the promotion of breastmilk as the ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants. The program's overall objective is to improve the survival of infants and young children by improving their nutritional status, growth and development through optimal feeding. Your records show that there are a number of pregnant women due to give birth at around the same time. You decide to take advantage of this and plan a mothers' class/group teaching. Which of the following statements regarding breastmilk and breastfeeding is INCORRECT? Choose one answer. a. Breastmilk will satisfy all nutrient and fluid needs of the baby until 6 months. b. While waiting for the milk to come in, it is recommended that the baby be given herbal - While waiting for the milk to come in, it is recommended that the baby be given herbal

preparations to protect against infection.

preparations to protect against infection. Giving plain water, sugared water, chewed sticky rice and herbal preparations while waiting for the milk to come in will deprive the baby of needed nutrients and other protective substances from colostrum. These may also be contaminated with germs that cause diarrhea. The other choices are true statements. (DOH)

c. Giving the baby plain or sugared water may cause diarrhea. d. Colostrum should be given to the baby since this prepares the baby's stomach for milk digestion. Incorrect
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Question9
Marks: 1

The Epidemiologic Triangle consists of 3 components: host, environment and agent. A change in any of the components will alter an existing state to either increase or decrease the frequency of the disease. Which of the following is an Environmental factor? Choose one answer. a. Pre-existing disease

b.Urbanization

- Urbanization. Environmental factors are external conditions that influence the existence of the agent, exposure, or susceptibility to the agent. Environmental factors include Physical environment, Biologic environment and Socio-Economic environment (occupation, urbanization, disruption). Immunologic experience and pre-existing disease are Host factors which are conditions that influence exposure, susceptibility or response to agents. Heat, light, and ionizing radiation are examples of physical agentswhich are the intrinsic properties of microorganisms to survive and multiply in the environment to produce disease. (DOH)

c. Heat, light, ionizing radiation

d.Immunologic Experience Incorrect

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Question10
Marks: 1

Malaria continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines. Major strategies to address the disease include prevention of transmission through vector control and the detection and early treatment of cases to reduce morbidity and prevent mortality. A malaria epidemic is a situation where there is an incidence of new malaria cases in excess of the expected. Which of the following is a public health nurse responsibility on the occasion of a malaria epidemic? Choose one answer.

a. Participation in the training of barangay health workers and volunteers on the diagnosis and treatment of malaria. b. All of the above. - All of the above. All mentioned are duties of a public health nurse in case of a malaria epidemic. Other responsibilities include: participation in the implementation of treatment policies, provision of drugs, supervision of malaria control activities of all health personnel in the area, and collection, analysis and submission of required reports; and educating individuals, families and the community on chemoprophylaxis, appropriate clothing, use of insect repellant, use of mosquito nets, use of screens, use of insecticide aerosols and mosquito coils, and clearing of streams. (DOH)

c. Participation in the laboratory confirmation of diagnosis. d. Recognition of early signs and symptoms for management and further referrals. Incorrect
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Question11
Marks: 1

WHO defines mental health as a state of well being where a person can realize his or her own abilities to cope with normal stresses of life and work productively. Mental health problems have 4 facets as a public health burden (defined burden, undefined burden, hidden burden and future burden) Which of the following situations describes an undefined burden? Choose one answer. a. Mrs. Santos has difficulty budgeting the - Mrs. Santos has difficulty budgeting the family's income since her 9 year old daughter family's income since her 9 year old daughter was enrolled in an expensive Special was enrolled in an expensive Special Education program. An undefined burden is Education program. one relating to the impact of mental health problems to persons other than the individual directly affected. Mental illness puts a tremendous burden on the emotional and socio-economic capabilities of relatives caring for the patient. Rey's situation is a defined burden which affects the person with the mental disorder. The married couple's situation is a hidden burden which refers to the stigma and violations of human rights. The situation in 2060 is a future burden which refers to a burden in the future resulting from the aging of the population, increasing social problems and unrest inherited from the existing burden. (DOH) b. Rey, diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia lives in constant fear of being hurt or killed by strangers.

c. A married couple deny that they have a son currently admitted in a mental institution. d. It was predicted that by the year 2060, the demand for mental health services would greatly exceed the available supply. Incorrect
Marks for this submission: 0/1.

Question12
Marks: 1

Typhoid fever is a general infection involving primarily the lymphoid tissues of the small intestine. It is particularly endemic in areas of low sanitation levels like urban deprived communities. Which of the following statements regarding Typhoid Fever is correct? Choose one answer. a. Enteric isolation is not a priority in the prevention and control of the infection. b. At the onset of the infection, fever is higher in the afternoon than in the morning.

c. Its causative agent, Salmonella Typhi is pathogenic only to man.

- Its causative agent, Salmonella Typhi is pathogenic only to man. The disease-causing agent, Salmonella Typhi is gram-negative, motile, nonspore forming and pathogenic only to man. It easily survives in natural habitats like water or inorganic materials and is transmitted through contaminated water, milk, shellfish and other food. Because it its passed from one person to another through fecal-oral transmission, enteric isolation, proper disposal of excreta and proper food handling is important in the prevention and control of the disease. Aside from the headache, chilly sensation, aching all over the body, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, the fever is also higher in the morning than in the afternoon. Chloramphenicol is the drug of choice for Typhoid fever. (Navales)

d. The drug of choice for Typhoid fever is Ampicillin. Incorrect

Marks for this submission: 0/1.

Question13
Marks: 1

The sequence of steps used in IMCI is assess, classify, treat and counsel. Following assessment, the symptoms are used to classify the patient and a specific treatment is given based on the classification. Bobby, 6 years old, was classified to have dysentery. Which 2 antibiotics will be given? Choose one answer. a.Cotrimoxazole and Nalidixic acid - Cotrimoxazole and Nalidixic Acid. These 2 are the first-line and 2nd-line drugs given to those classified with Dysentery, respectively.

TIP: DY(sentery)-CO(trimoxazole)-NA(lidixic acid) . Tetracycline and Cotrimoxazole are the first-line and 2nd-line drugs given to those classified with Cholera, respectively. Cotrimoxazole and Amoxycillin are the first-line and 2nd-line drugs given to those classified with pneumonia, acute ear infection or very severe disease, respectively. b.Tetracycline and Amoxycillin c.Cotrimoxazole and Tetracycline d. Nalidixic acid and Amoxycillin Incorrect
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Question14
Marks: 1

Community Organizing is a process wherein members of the community develop the capability to assess health needs, plan and implement actions that respond to these needs, and create and sustain organizational structures that support their initiatives. The Community Health Promotion Model identified 5 stages of Organizing, namely: Community Analysis, Design and Initiation, Implementation, Program Maintenance-Consolidation, and DisseminationReassessment. In which stage must a sequential work plan, which allows modification as needed, be developed? Choose one answer. a.Dissemination-Reassessment

b. Community Analysis c.Implementation - Implementation. In the Implementation stage, to be able to put design plans into action, the participants must generate broad citizen participation, develop a sequential work plan, use comprehensive, integrated strategies, and integrate community values into the programs, materials and messages. (DOH)

d. Design and Initiation Incorrect

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Question15
Marks: 1

The process of Community Diagnosis is as follows: objective formulation, defining the study population, determining data to be collected, data collection, instrument development, data gathering, data collation, data presentation, data analysis, identification of problems and priority-setting. Once the problems have been identified, the next task is to prioritize which problems to respond to with the resources currently available. In community diagnosis, preventive potential is defined as: Choose one answer. a. the severity of the problem.

b. the probability of reducing, controlling or eradicating the problem. c. the perception of the population regarding how they are affected by the problem and their readiness to act on this. d. the probability of minimizing the effects posed by the problem. - the probability of minimizing the effects posed by the problem. Another criteria used in priority-setting is the Nature of the condition which is how the problem is classified (as a health status, health resource or health-related problem).Magnitude of the problem is the severity of the problem. Modifiability of the problem is the probability of reducing, controlling or eradicating the problem. Social concern is the perception of the population regarding how they are affected by the problem and their readiness to act on this. (Dones)

Incorrect
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Question16
Marks: 1

Syphilis is a chronic, infectious, sexually transmitted disease that usually begins in the mucous membrane and quickly becomes systemic. Its causative agent Treponema pallidum has no other host but man and can withstand considerable temperature variations. Surface lesions can contain the causative agent in its infective stage in infinite numbers. Which of the following statements regarding syphilis is NOT true?

Choose one answer. a. The careless handling of diapers from a baby with syphilis can be a source of infection.

b. Syphilis can be contracted from the mucous discharges from the nose, eyes, genital tract or bowel. c. Amoxicillin is the drug of choice for syphilis. - Amoxicillin is the drug of choice for syphilis. The drug of choice for syphilis isPenicillin. Syphilis can be transmitted through any sort of intimate contact with an infected person's mucus or glandular secretions. It can also be transmitted through indirect contact with articles with freshly soiled discharges containing the organism. It may be congenitally acquired through the placenta. (Navales)

d. Syphilis can be transmitted through the placenta of a mother with syphillis. Incorrect
Marks for this submission: 0/1.

Question17
Marks: 1

Another strategy of the National Tuberculosis Control Program is to ensure TB patients' treatment compliance. All patients undergoing treatment shall be supervised and national and local government units shall ensure provision of drugs to all smear-positive TB cases. The treatment regimen for TB patients under Category II (Treatment failure, relapse, return after default) is: Choose one answer. a. None of the above. b. 3 months intensive phase, 5 months continuation phase. - 3 months intensive phase, 5 months continuation phase. The treatment regimen for Category II patients includes 3 months intensive phase (2 months Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, and Streptomycin + 1 month Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol) and 5 months continuation phase (Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Ethambutol). For Category I (new smear-positive PTB, new smearnegative PTB with extensive parenchymal lesions on CXR, EPTB and severe concommitant HIV disease) and Category III (new smear-negative PTB with minimal parenchymal lesions on CXR), the treatment regimen is 2 months intensive phase (Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol) and 4 months continuation phase (Isoniazid, Rifampicin). (DOH)

c. 3 months intensive phase, 4 months continuation phase. d. 2 months intensive phase, 4 months continuation phase.

Correct

Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question18
Marks: 1

The Family Planning Program is one of the interventions initiated by the DOH. This program aims to provide universal access to family planning information and services. A married couple came to the rural health unit to consult regarding family planning. The couple has decided to undergo a vasectomy. Which statement will NOT be included in the health teaching? Choose one answer. a. The man will need to go to the rural health unit annually for a check-up. - The man will need to go to the rural health unit annually for a check-up. Avasectomy is a method of permanent male sterilization wherein the vas deferens is tied and cut or blocked through a small opening on the scrotal skin. No repeated clinic visits are necessary after a vasectomy. The other statements are to be included in the health teaching. (DOH)

b. A vasectomy does not lessen but may actually increase the couple's sexual drive and enjoyment. c. The patient will be uncomfortable due to slight pain and swelling 2-3 days after the procedure.

d. A vasectomy is a permanent family planning method that is safe, simple and easy to perform. Incorrect
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Question19
Marks: 1

The National Tuberculosis Control Program envisions a country where TB is no longer a health problem. One strategy of the program is to enhance the quality of TB diagnosis. What is the primary diagnostic tool in National Tuberculosis Control Program case finding? Choose one answer. a. PPD skin test b. Lung biopsy c. Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy (DSSM) - Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy (DSSM). Before starting treatment, all TB symptomatics shall undergo DSSM. X-ray and culture are necessary in TB symptomatics only after 3 negative DSSM results. TB diagnosis shall not be based on x-ray and PPD skin test alone. Lung biopsy is not the primary diagnostic tool of the National Tuberculosis Control Program. (DOH)

d. X-ray Correct
Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question20
Marks: 1

The first step in the IMCI is assessment. The mother should be asked about and the child observed for the General Danger Signs. A child with a danger sign is a serious problem. Which of the following is NOT a danger sign in IMCI? Choose one answer. a. Vomiting everything b.Convulsions c. Difficult to awaken d. Restless and irritable - restless and irritable. The 4 danger signs in IMCI are convulsions, difficult to awaken or abnormally sleepy, unable to drink or breastfeed and vomiting everything. Any of these 4 signs warrant immediate and urgent referral to the nearest hospital. They may need lifesaving treatment which may not be available at the local health center. (IMCI, DOH)

Correct
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Question21
Marks: 1

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria called Leptospira interrogans, which are present in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of infected humans. You are a public health nurse assigned to work in a community that is below sea level, and is therefore often flooded, even after minimal rainfall. You have been tasked to conduct a health teaching for the residents regarding Leptospirosis. Which of the following statements will NOT be mentioned in the health teaching? Choose one answer. a. Rats are the main host to leptospirosis, although pigs, cattle, and rabbits can also serve as reservoir hosts. b. Onset of signs and symptoms are slow and gradual. - Onset of signs and symptoms are slow and gradual. In Leptospirosis, the onset of the fever, headache, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, cough and chest pain is abrupt. Proper waste segregation is an important step in rodent eradication or to reduce the rodent population. The causative agent, Leptospira interrogans enters man when contaminated water and soil come in contact with the eyes, mouth and broken skin. (DOH)

c. It is important that garbage be removed from work and domestic environment.

d. The bacteria is transmitted through contact of the open wounds in the skin with water and moist soil contaminated with urine of the infected host. Correct
Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question22
Marks: 1

Through Executive Order 102, the Department of Health, as the national authority on health identified its specific roles in the health sector. By innovating new strategies in health to improve the effectiveness of health programs, the DOH performs its role as: Choose one answer. a. Enabler and Capacity Builder - Enabler and Capacity Builder. The DOH has 3 specific roles namely, Leadership in Health, Enabler and Capacity Builder and Administrator of Specific Services. As anEnabler and Capacity Builder, the DOH innovates strategies to improve health programs, initiate public discussion on health issues and ensuring informed public participation in policy decision making through dissemination of research outputs; oversees, monitors and evaluates national health plans, programs and policies; and ensures the highest achievable standards of quality health care, health promotion and health protection. (DOH)

b.Leadership in Health

c.Administrator of Specific Services d. Health Program Developer Incorrect

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Question23
Marks: 1

Tetanus is an infectious disease cased by Clostridium Tetani which produces a potent exotoxin with prominent systemic neuromuscular effects manifested by generalized spasmodic contractions of the skeletal musculature. Which of the following is NOT a source of Tetanus infection? Choose one answer. a. Soil and dust b.Semen - Semen. The spores of the causative agent Clostridium Tetani, an anaerobic spore-forming gram-positive rod, are introduced into the body when an injury becomes contaminated by animal or human feces (which can widely distribute the agent in soil), soil and dust (which can enter deeply punctured wounds, producing anaerobic conditions), and plaster, unsterile sutures, rusty scissors, nails or pins. Semen is not a source of tetanus infection. Modes of transmission of tetanus include ragged traumatic wounds, burns, lacerations, scratches or bites, septic abortions, and unclean dressing of the

umbilical cord in newborns. (San Lazaro compilation) c.Animal or human feces d.Plaster, unsterile sutures, rusty scissors, nails or pins Correct
Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question24
Marks: 1

The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), under P.D 996, is compulsory for all children below 8 years old. It targets 7 vaccine preventable diseases namely: tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles and hepatitis. It is a scheduled immunization day at the barangay health center and you are on duty. Vaccination will NOT be given to which of the following children? Choose one answer. a. Baby Tom, 2 months old, with colds for 2 days, who is scheduled to receive OPV. b. Baby Grace, 9 months, classified as low weight for age, who is scheduled to receive a measles vaccination.

c. Baby Ann, 1 month old, with mild diarrhea, who is scheduled to receive BCG vaccination. d. Baby John, 4 months old, scheduled - Baby John, 4 months old, scheduled to receive DPT3 to receive DPT3 and was noted to have and was noted to have convulsions 2 days after convulsions 2 days after receiving DPT2. receiving DPT2. DPT2 or DPT3 is absolutely contraindicated in a child who had convulsions or shock within 3 days of the previous dose. Live vaccines like BCG must not be given to children immunosuppressed due to malignant disease. Moderate fever, malnutrition, mild respiratory infection, cough, diarrhea and vomiting are not contraindications to vaccination. If the child is so sick that he/she needs to be hospitalized, he/she should not be immunized. The other situations are not contraindications to immunization. (DOH) Correct
Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question25
Marks: 1

Vital Statistics is the systematic study of vital events such as births, illnesses, marriages, divorce, separation and deaths. It is used as an index of the health status of a community and serves as bases for the formulation of community health nursing programs and services. The neonatal death rate is given by the formula: Choose one answer. a. (Number of deaths under 28 days of - (Number of deaths under 28 days of age age registered in a given calendar registered in a given calendar year / Number of live

year / Number of live births registered in births registered in the same year) x 1000. Neonatal death rate measures the risk of dying the the same year) x 1000 1st month of life. A rate shows the relationship between a vital event and those persons exposed to the occurrence of said event; the person experiencing the event (numerator) must come from the total population exposed to the same event (denominator). (DOH) b. (Number of live births in a given calendar year / Number of deaths under 28 days of age registered in the same year) x 1000 c. (Number of live births in a given calendar year / Number of deaths under 1 year of age registered in the same year) x 1000 d. (Number of deaths under 1 year of age registered in a given calendar year / Number of live births registered in the same year) x 1000 Correct
Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question26
Marks: 1

The National Rabies Prevention and Control Program aims for the complete eradication of rabies in the Philippines. One strategy involves the training of health workers, veterinarians and laboratory technicians on the management of animal bite cases. A man came to you at the health center with his 13-year old son who was bitten by a stray dog on the left arm 3 hours ago. Which of the statements made by the father will cause you to worry? Choose one answer. a. "We caught the stray dog that bit my son and killed it. It is outside." b. "Our neighbor said I should bring him to see a medical professional so that treatment may be given as soon as possible." c. "We squeezed my son's arm until blood - "We squeezed my sons arm until blood came came out of the wound so that the rabies out of the wound so that the rabies virus would leave his body." It is a wrong statement and a virus would leave his body." common misconception regarding the management of rabies. Following an animal bite, the wound must be thoroughly cleansed with soap and water but bleeding must not be induced as this may increase the chances of the virus entering the bloodstream. The dog must be caught and brought to a laboratory immediately so that it may be tested for rabies infection. Antirabies vaccination is given as soon as possible. d. "His mother washed the wound with

soap and water after he was bitten." Incorrect

Marks for this submission: 0/1.

Question27
Marks: 1

Epidemiology is the study of occurrences and distribution of diseases and determinants of health states or events in a specified population. Its application is the control of health problems. The variables of disease are reflected in patterns of occurrence and distribution in a given community. An unidentified virus was found to have occurred in 20 cases scattered around Luzon in the year 2007. This epidemiologic pattern is called: Choose one answer. a.Epidemic occurrence b. Endemic occurrence c.Pandemic occurrence d.Sporadic occurrence - Sporadic occurrence. Sporadic occurrence is the intermittent occurrence of a few isolated, scattered and unrelated cases in a given locality through a period of time.Endemic occurrence is a pattern wherein the disease is always occurring with a frequency of occurrence that is relatively constant through a period of time. Epidemic occurrence is an unusually large number of cases in a relatively short period of time. APandemic is the simultaneous occurrence of epidemic of the same disease in

several countries. (DOH) Incorrect

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Question28
Marks: 1

The Ottawa Charter defines health promotion as "the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health." Which of the following is NOT a principle of health promotion as cited by the World Health Organization (WHO)? Choose one answer. a. Health promotion involves the population as a whole in the context of their everyday life, rather than focusing on people at risk from specific diseases. b. Health promotion is primarily a societal and political venture and not a medical service. c. Health promotion is directed towards action on the determinants or cause of health. d. Health promotion methods are limited to lectures and discussions. - Health promotion methods are limited to lectures and discussions. Health promotion combines diverse yet complementary approaches against health hazards. The other choices are principles of health promotion as

cited by the WHO. (DOH) Incorrect

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Question29
Marks: 1

Influenza is an acute infectious disease caused by an RNA-containing myxovirus (Influenza Virus A, B, C). It is characterized by abrupt onset with fever which lasts 1 to 6 days, chills, aches or pains in the back and limbs, coryza, sore throat and cough. Mr. A. Raymundo was diagnosed to have respiratory influenza. 2 years ago, Mr. Raymundo suffered from a myocardial infarction. Which intervention would you make your priority? Choose one answer. a. Encourage liberal fluid intake. b. Isolate the patient. - Isolate the patient. For patients at high risk for respiratory infections and those with cardiac ailments, it is necessary to isolate the patient to prevent secondary infections, and to prevent transmission of the virus to other individuals. It is transmitted by direct contact through airborne route or droplet infection from the respiratory tract of an infected person. A liberal fluid intake and a diet rich in vitamins and minerals would help increase resistance against infection. Influenza can progress to pneumonia, neurological complications (meningoencephalitis and cranial nerve palsies), myocarditis, heat blocks and peripheral vasoconstriction. (San Lazaro compilation)

c. Watch out for complications. d. Encourage a diet rich in vitamins and minerals. Incorrect
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Question30
Marks: 1

FOURmula ONE for Health is the framework for the implementation of the Health Sector Reform Agenda (HSRA). Which element of the FOURmula ONE for Health strategy has a goal of ensuring the quality and affordability of health goods and services? Choose one answer. a. Health service delivery b. Health financing c. Health regulation - Health regulation. Health regulation aims to ensure the quality and affordability of health goods and services. Health financing aims to foster greater, better and sustained investments in health. Health service delivery aims to improve and ensure the accessibility and availability of basic and essential health care in both public and private facilities and services. Good governance aims to enhance health system

performance at the national and local levels. (DOH) d. Good governance Incorrect
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Question31
Marks: 1

The Sentrong Sigla Certification Program gives recognition to health facilities for achieving good quality as the main incentive. It aims for continuous quality improvement in health facilities in the Philippines. The health center you are assigned to has achieved second level quality standards for selected 4 core public health programs. What certification is expected to have been granted to the said health center? Choose one answer. a. Loyalty Award b. Basic SS Cetification c. Award for Excellence d.Specialty Awards - Specialty Awards. The Basic SS Certification is given to health facilities with minimum input, process and output standards for integrated public health services for 4 core programs, facility systems, regulatory functions and basic curative services. Awards for Excellence are given to highest level quality standards for maintaining Level 2 standards for the 4 core public health programs

and level 2 facility systems for at least 3 consecutive years. There is no Loyalty Award given in the Sentrong Sigla Program. (DOH) Correct
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Question32
Marks: 1

In Family Health Nursing, the health problem is a reflection of the results of the first-level assessment. You have a 29year old patient in the community who is in her 8th month of pregnancy. This is her first pregnancy. She regularly goes to the health center for pre-natal check-ups, consumes an adequate amount of vitamins and minerals from food and supplements and regularly performs pre-natal exercises. After a few visits with her, she confides in you that she feels nervous about the delivery and the first few days post-partum. With this information, what is the health problem? Choose one answer. a. Failure to thrive b.Readiness for enhanced capability for healthy lifestyle c. Family size beyond what family resources can adequately provide d. Presence of Foreseeable Crisis Situation: labor, puerperium - Presence of Foreseeable Crisis Situation: labor, puerperium. This health problem indicates that there is an anticipated period of unusual demand on the client which needs

adjustment. This pregnancy, being a new experience for the client, would present as possible stress point that would need adjusting to. The presence of a wellness condition is the "health problem" of individuals and families seeking a higher level of wellness. A family size beyond what family resources can provide is an example of a health threat that could predispose the individual or family to illness. Failure to thrive is an example of the presence of a health deficit. (Maglaya) Correct
Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question33
Marks: 1

Tetanus toxoid vaccination for women is important to prevent tetanus in both the mother and the baby. Which statement regarding the Tetanus Toxoid Immunization schedule is true? Choose one answer. a. TT3 may be given at least 6 moths after TT2 and gives 80% protection to the mother. b. TT2 may be given at least 4 weeks after - TT2 may be given at least 4 weeks after TT1 TT1 and gives the mother 3 years of and gives the mother 3 years of protection. TT1 is given as early as possible during

protection.

pregnancy. TT2 is given at least 4 weeks later, provides 80% protection and gives 3 years protection to the mother. TT3 is given at least 6 months later, provides 95% protection and gives 5 years protection to the mother. TT4 is given at least 1 year later, provides 99% protection and gives 10 years protection to the mother. TT5 is given at least 1 year later, provides 99% protection and gives lifetime protection to the mother. (DOH)

c. TT5 may be given at least 1 year after TT4 and gives 95% protection to the mother. d. TT4 may be given at least 10 months after TT3 and gives lifetime protection to the mother. Incorrect
Marks for this submission: 0/1.

Question34
Marks: 1

An area in which a Public Health Nurse functions is disease surveillance, a research activity wherein the nurse continuously collects and analyzes data regarding cases and deaths. Numerical data gathered may be presented into tables or graphs showing key information making it easier to show comparisons, patterns and trends. As a public health nurse, you gathered data regarding the rates of mortality due to stroke, myocardial infarction and cancer in Barangay Langitlupa, April 2008. Which data presentation method would you use?

Choose one answer. a. Bar graph - Bar graph. Bar graphs are used to compare rates between categories. Each bar represents a quantity of a particular observation like causes of illness and deaths. Line graphs show peaks, valleys and trends over a period of time. Pie charts show the relative importance of parts to the whole. (DOH) Scattered diagrams show the correlation of two variables. (Maglaya)

b. Pie graph c.Scattered dots d. Line graph Correct

Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question35
Marks: 1

Hepatitis A is an acute and not very severe inflammation of the liver. It is manifested by flu-like illness with chills and high fever, diarrhea, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, and jaundice. Which of the following is/are important interventions to prevent and control Hepatitis A infection? Choose one answer. a. All of the above. - All of the above. Hepatitis A is caused by viruses introduced by fecally contaminated

water or food. All the mentioned interventions are strategies important in the prevention and control of Hepatitis A infection. Other interventions include ensuring safe water for drinking and the proper disposal of feces and urine. (DOH) b. Wash hands well before eating and after using the toilet. c. Ensure sanitary preparation, handling and serving of food. d. Separate and properly clean articles used by the infected person. Correct
Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question36
Marks: 1

Non-Communicable Disease Prevention and Control targets the four major non-communicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, COPD, diabetes mellitus). Interventions for NCDs encompass the 3 levels of disease prevention. Which of the following defines the key intervention strategy of changing environments? Choose one answer. a. Establishing partnership and intrasectoral - establishing partnership and intrasectoral coordinating mechanisms in order to coordinating mechanisms in order to develop develop policies and programs that ensure policies and programs that ensure health and

health and environment are not compromised by economic progress.

environment are not compromised by economic progress. An example of changing environmentsis the development of clean parks to encourage people to exercise more. Community diagnosis, program planning, team establishment definesestablishing program direction and infrastracture. Raising public awareness by producing and disseminating information through mass media, health campaigns, public information systems, school education, mothers' classes, barangay assemblies, etc defines changing lifestyle. Reorienting focus of health service delivery from cure to health promotion or wellness defines reorienting health services. (DOH)

b. Community diagnosis, program planning, team establishment. c. Reorienting focus of health service delivery from cure to health promotion or wellness. d. Raising public awareness by producing and disseminating information through mass media, health campaigns, public information systems, school education, mothers' classes, barangay assemblies, etc. Incorrect
Marks for this submission: 0/1.

Question37
Marks: 1

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted bacterial disease involving the mucosal lining of the genito-urinary tract, rectum and pharynx. Its causative agent, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is transmitted by contact with discharge from the mucous membrane of infected persons and vaginal secretions usually as a result of sexual activity. Which of the following is NOT a complication of gonorrhea? Choose one answer. a.impotence - impotence. Pelvic inflammatory disease in women can result when the bacteria penetrates the mucosa and the inflammatory response is triggered. The inflammatory edema obstructs drainage and abscesses can form leading to further infection. Scarring from this abscess formation may lead to strictures and sterility in both males and females. Newborns of infected women can contract eye infections following vaginal delivery. Other complications include epididymitis, arthritis, endocarditis, conjunctivitis and meningitis. Impotence is not a complication of gonorrhea. (DOH, Navales)

b. sterility c. eye damage in newborns d. pelvic inflammatory disease Correct

Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question38
Marks: 1

After identifying the health problem, the family health nurse utilizes the data gathered from the second-level assessment to identify the family's ability to perform the 5 health tasks and identifies the family nursing problem. The Sanchez family is composed of Mr. and Mrs. Sanchez and their 5 children. The couple has decided to begin family planning but verbalized that they lack knowledge regarding the various methods of family planning. The health problem is "Family size beyond what family resources can provide." What family nursing problem is appropriate for this situation? Choose one answer. a. Inability to recognize the presence of the problem due to inadequate knowledge. b. Inability to make decisions with respect to taking appropriate health action due to inaccessibility of appropriate resources for care, specifically cost constraints. c. Inability to make decisions with respect to taking - Inability to make decisions with respect appropriate health action due to inadequate to taking appropriate health action due knowledge as to alternative courses of action open to inadequate knowledge as to alternative courses of action open to to them. them. By deciding that family planning is needed, the couple showed that they recognize the presence of the problem. Because of their inadequate knowledge regarding various family planning methods, they cannot make a decision

on which method to utilize. (Maglaya) d. Inability to make decisions with respect to taking appropriate health action due to erroneous information about proposed courses of action. Incorrect
Marks for this submission: 0/1.

Question39
Marks: 1

Pertussis is characterized by repeated attacks of spasmodic coughing which consists of a series of explosive expirations caused by the gram-negative coccobacillus Bordatella pertussis. It is transmitted by direct contact or droplet from an infected person in the incubation period or early catarrhal stage. Which of the following statements about pertussis is correct? Choose one answer. a. Reports of pain in the chest are warning signs of an impending attack. b. Mild respiratory infections with abundant nasopharyngeal secretions, sneezing, coughing and low grade fever are present in the Paroxysmal stage. c. In the paroxysmal stage of pertussis, the - In the paroxysmal stage of pertussis, the child child becomes cyanotic, the eyeballs "pop out" becomes cyanotic, the eyeballs "pop out" or or bulge and the tongue protrudes during an bulge and the tongue protrudes during an attack. The series of coughs with a "whoop" is

attack.

found in the paroxysmal stage. The catarrhal stage is defined by mild respiratory infections with abundant nasopharyngeal secretions, sneezing, coughing and low grade fever. Warning signs of an impending attack are aura-like manifestations such as sneezing, tickling or itching of the throat and a feeling of uneasiness of oppression (in older children). (San Lazaro compilation)

d. The catarrhal stage is expressed by coughs occurring in a series of 5-10 explosive outbursts in rapid succession, ending in a sudden noisy inspiration associated with a "whoop". Incorrect
Marks for this submission: 0/1.

Question40
Marks: 1

Measles is an acute highly communicable infection, with a high mortality rate among malnourished children. Death can follow complications of measles such as secondary pneumonia. A mother with 3 children comes to you and reports that her 7-year old son has measles. She would like to know how to prevent the transmission to her other children. What is your least accurate response? Choose one answer. a. "Wash your hands before and after attending

to the sick child." b. "Do not allow the children to share utensils, hankies, etc." c. "Keep the sick child away from the other children for until 3 weeks after the rash disappears." - "Keep the sick child away from the other children for until 3 weeks after the rash disappears." Measles is communicable 4 days before and 5 days after the appearance of rashes. The disease is transmitted through direct contact with the droplets spread through coughing or sneezing. It can also be transmitted indirectly through articles or fomites freshly contaminated with respiratory secretions of infected patients. The other choices are possible responses. (Navales)

d. "Properly dispose of articles containing respiratory secretions from the sick child." Correct
Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question41
Marks: 1

In 2004, the integrated Reproductive Health and Womens Health Framework was developed with an overall goal of achieving "Better Quality Life Among Filipinos." Which of the following is NOT a crucial element on Reproductive Health? Choose one answer.

a. Prevention and Management of Reproductive Tract Infections including Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS b. Support Groups for Sex Addicts, and other Sufferers of Paraphilias - Support Groups for Sex Addicts, and other Sufferers of Paraphilias. The crucial elements on Philippine Reproductive Health are Family Planning, Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition, Prevention and Management of Reproductive Tract Infections including Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS, Adolescent Reproductive Health, Prevention and Management of Abortion and its Complications, Prevention and Management of Breast and Reproductive Tract Cancers and other gynecological conditions, Education and Counselling on Sexuality and Sexual Health Mens Reproductive Health and Involvement, Violence Against Women and Children, and Prevention and Management of Infertility and Sexual Dysfunction. (DOH)

c. Family Planning d. Adolescent Reproductive Health Correct

Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question42
Marks: 1

Dengue remains a threat to public health in the Philippines. Methods of prevention and control of the infection include recognition of the disease, case finding and reporting. Which of the following is NOT expected in a patient suspected to have dengue? Choose one answer. a.Decreased platelets. b.Enlarged lymph nodes. c.Increased hematocrit. d. Rose-colored spots on the trunk. - Rose-colored spots on the trunk. Rose-colored spots on the trunk are called Koplik's spots and is the pathognomonic sign of measles. In dengue, rashes with a purplish or brownish mottled appearance appear on the upper and lower extremities. The other choices are expected in dengue. (San Lazaro compilation)

Incorrect
Marks for this submission: 0/1.

Question43
Marks: 1

The Proper Excreta and Sewage Disposal Program is another of the Major Environmental Health and Sanitation Programs. The DOH has noted that although there is an increase in the number of families with access to sanitary toilet

facilities in both urban and rural communities, there is also an increase in the number of families without access to them. The Environmental Health and Sanitation Program set the policies on the approved types of toilet facilities. Which of the following toilet systems is a Level III toilet facility? Choose one answer. a. A flush type toilet b. A pit latrine. c. A toilet facility connected to a treatment plant - A toilet facility connected to a treatment plant. Level I toilet facilities require little or no water to wash the waster into the receiving space. Examples of this are pit latrines, and pour flush toilets. Level II toilet facilities are on site toilet facilities of the water carriage type with water-sealed and flush type with septic tank disposal facilities. (DOH)

d. A pour flush toilet Incorrect

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Question44
Marks: 1

Schistosomiasis (infectious agent: Schistosoma japonicum) is endemic in the Philippines, with a high prevalence rate in Regions 5, 8 and 11. As a public health nurse, you identified the farmers in your area at high risk for this infection and so you decide to conduct a health teaching. Which of the following statements should be excluded from the teaching regarding schistosomiasis?

Choose one answer. a. Patients found infected by schistosomiasis must be treated to prevent disease progression and reduce transmission. b. Wear rubber boots and take other measures to reduce exposure to possibly contaminated water. c. Use of water containing iodine and chlorine can - Use of water containing iodine and chlorine can be harmful. Infection occurs be harmful. when skin comes in contact with contaminated fresh water in which certain types of snails that carry schistosomes live. Water for bathing, drinking and washing clothes must be retrieved from cercariaefree sources. Treating the water with iodine or chlorine or the use of filter papers are effective in inactivating cercariae. The other statements are correct. (DOH) d. Feces and urine should be disposed of properly so that viable eggs will not reach fresh water. Correct
Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question45
Marks: 1

The Water Supply sanitation Program is one of the major environmental health and sanitation programs of the Department of Health. Policies have been set regarding the approved and unapproved types of water facilities, access to safe and potable drinking water, water quality and monitoring surveillance and waterworks and well construction. This type of water supply facility is a system composed of a source, a reservoir, a piped distribution network and communal faucets, located at not more than 25 meters from the farthest house: Choose one answer. a.Level II - Level II. This type of water supply facility, also called a Communal Faucet System or Stand-Posts is generally suitable for rural areas where houses are clustered densely. Level Iwater supply system (Point Source) is a protected well or developed spring with an outlet but without a distribution system generally acceptable for rural areas with thinly scattered houses.Level III water supply system (Waterworks System or Individual House Connections) is a system with a source, a reservoir, a piped distributor network and household taps. It is suited for densely populated urban areas. There is no Level IV water supply facility. (DOH)

b.Level I c.Level III d.Level IV Incorrect

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Question46
Marks: 1

Rabies is an acute viral encephalomyelitis caused by the rhabdovirus. It is fatal once signs and symptoms appear. Which of the following is the pathognomonic sign of rabies infection? Choose one answer. a. None of the above. b. Rash resembling a bite mark. c.Hydrophobia. - hydrophobia. Because of the muscle spasms or deglutition on attempts to swallow, rabies-infected individuals develop hydrophobia. Other signs and symptoms of rabies include a sense of apprehension, headache, fever, sensory change near the site of animal bite, delirium, convulsions and paralysis. The most common cause of death is respiratory paralysis. The other choices are not clinical manifestations of rabies. (DOH)

d. Shallow breathing ending with a "growling" sound upon exhalation. Correct

Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question47
Marks: 1

Using the categories of health problems, the public health nurse analyzes the data in accordance with the nurses conception of the source of the client's problems and needs that can be met through nursing intervention. These are conditions that promote disease or injury and prevent people from realizing their health potential: Choose one answer. a.Foreseeable crisis b. Health deficits c. Health threats - Health threats. Health threats are conditions that promote disease or injury and prevent people from realizing their health potential. An example of a health threat is a 20-year history of cigarette smoking in a 42 year old male. Health deficits occur when there is a gap between actual and achievable health status. Health needs exist when there is a health problem that can be alleviated with technology. Foreseeable crisisare stressful occurrences such as the loss of a job. (Maglaya)

d. Health needs Incorrect

Marks for this submission: 0/1.

Question48
Marks: 1

Public health nurses occupy various health settings and various positions. Emphasis on a specific function is dependent on the nurse's position in the hierarchy of the health care system. The initiation of the formulation of staff development and training programs for midwives and other auxiliary workers is under which function of the public health nurse?

Choose one answer. a. Training function - Training function. The public health nurse conducts the training needs assessment, designs and implements the training program, and evaluates the training outcomes for midwives and auxiliary health workers. Under the management function, the public health nurse utilizes the 5 management functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. The public health nurse is also the supervisor of the midwives and auxiliary health workers. Under the collaborating and coordinating function, the public health nurse systematically brings together activities, sectors and organizations. (DOH)

b.Management function c.Collaborating and coordinating function d.Supervisory function Incorrect

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Question49
Marks: 1

Ascariasis is an infection caused by the helminth Ascaris lumbricoides. It is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and has a 70%-90% infection rate in rural areas and in poor sections of urban areas. Which of the following is NOT a possible complication of ascariasis? Choose one answer. a. ulcer - ulcer. Ulcer is not a complication of ascariasis. Intestinal obstruction can occur when a bolus of worms become entangled. This obstruction can cause perforation and could eventually lead to secondary peritonitis. Because of the damage to the intestinal mucosa, malnutrition and anemia can result due to the impaired absorption of nutrients. Other complications include biliary tract obstruction as manifested by cholestatic jaundice, hepatic abscess and cholangitis. (Navales)

b.peritonitis c. anemia d.intestinal obstruction Incorrect

Marks for this submission: 0/1.

Question50
Marks: 1

Shigellosis is an acute bacterial disease of the intestinal tract caused by bacilli of the Shigella group. It is characterized by acute abdominal pain or cramping, vomiting, nausea, acute fever and blood, mucus or pus in the diarrhea. Of the following residents in the community you are assigned to, who is least likely to contract Shigellosis or Bacillary dysentery? Choose one answer. a. Anita, a 4-year old who is often seen playing in the gutters with her hands. b. Mike, a 26-year old homosexual male, known to pay for sex with men. c. Tomas, the 30-year old butcher at the local wet market. - Tomas, the 30-year old butcher at the local wet market. Shigellosis is transmitted through the oral-fecal route. Food borne outbreaks are usually traced to the consumption of food contaminated with fecal mater by food handlers or flies. It is more likely that Tomas will infect others if he does not practice good hygiene in handling the food instead of contracting the disease himself. Contaminated fingers, toilet seats, glass and tablewares are also sources of infection. Swimming in polluted water and engaging in anal and oral sex can also be a cause of infection. (San Lazaro compilation)

d. Nestor, a 48-year old who often goes swimming in the dirty river to catch fish.

Incorrect

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