Chapter 13 & 14 Cloning, Recombinant DNA, and Biotechnology

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Genetic engineering manipulates gene products at the level of: A. The protein B. Amino acids C. DNA D. RNA E. Enzymes

Difficulty: Moderate

2. A molecule that consists of a piece of DNA from one organism combined with the DNA from a member of another species is called: A. Restricted DNA B. Recombinant DNA C. Transgenic DNA D. Bioengineered DNA E. Mutant DNA

Difficulty: Moderate

3. In 1975, scientists convened in Asilomar, California and:

A. Determined that restriction enzymes could cut DNA B. Created the first transgenic animals C. Reviewed the use of drugs produced by recombinant DNA technology D. Drew up guidelines to regulate recombinant DNA technology E. Developed PCR for amplifying DNA

Difficulty: Difficult

4. Proteins isolated from bacteria that catalyze specific cleavage of DNA are: A. Restriction enzymes B. Bacteriophage enzymes C. Plasmids D. Methylating enzymes E. Telomerases

Difficulty: Difficult

5. Restriction enzymes cut DNA at: A. The sequence CTGGTC only B. A site specific for each enzyme C. Specific short methylated sequences D. Sites that are 10 bases apart

Difficulty: Easy

6. A small, circular DNA molecule used as a vector to transmit foreign DNA is a: A. Plasmid B. Prion C. Liposome D. Lipofectin E. Ring chromosome

Difficulty: Easy

7. Bacteriophages can be used as vectors in recombinant DNA experiments because they: A. Are small and made of double-stranded DNA B. Are circular and easily imported into bacteria or yeast C. Insert their genetic material into bacteria D. Are resistant to protective restriction systems E. Infect human and animal cells

Difficulty: Moderate

8. Biotechnology is possible because the genetic code is universal. A. True B. False

Difficulty: Easy

9. A piece of foreign DNA was inserted into a plasmid with an antibiotic resistance gene and a lac Z gene. The plasmid DNA was cut with a restriction enzyme, which splits the lac Z gene and opens the circle. The foreign DNA was next inserted into the open restriction site of the plasmid. When the recombinant plasmid was introduced into bacterial cells and grown in the presence of antibiotic, some of the colonies turned blue in the presence of X-gal. The blue colonies contained: A. Plasmid only B. Foreign DNA only C. Both foreign DNA and plasmid D. Neither plasmid nor foreign DNA

Difficulty: Difficult

10. In the above problem, colonies that were white in the presence of X-gal contained: A. Plasmid DNA only B. Foreign DNA only C. Both foreign DNA and plasmid D. Neither plasmid nor foreign DNA

The Eukaryotes 1. Helminths are (a) fungi (b) algae (c) protozoa (b) worms 2. Fungi are different from plants because (a) fungi have chlorophyll (b) plants have chlorophyll (c) plants absorb nutrients from organic matter (d) plants absorb nutrients from organic wastes 3. Mushrooms are (a) fungi (b) protozoa (c) helminths (d) algae 4. The body of a mold or fleshy fungus is made up of long, loosely packed filaments called (a) soma (b) hyphae (c) thallus (d) mycelium 5. Fungi imperfecti can reproduce (a) sexually (b) do not reproduce

(c) asexually (d) both (a) and (b) 6. These are unicellular algae that have a hard, double outer shell made of silica (a) diatoms (b) chrysophytes (c) dinoflagellates (d) phaeophyta 7. What are hemoflagellates? (a) Protists (b) Nematodes (c) Scolex (d) Proglottids 8. What are platyhelminths? (a) Ringworms (b) Nematodes (c) Flatworms (d) Hookworms 9. An example of a fluke would be (a) H. ana (b) D. latum (c) C. sinensis (d) E. vermicularis 10. Some protists use cilia to move food into a mouth-like opening called (a) pseudopods

(b) a cytosome (c) a vacuole (d) exocytosis The Prokaryotes 1. Archaea can exist in very hot and very cold environments, making them a resilient microorganism that can survive attacks and destroy other bacteria. (a) True (b) False

2. Archaea that function in the presence of air are called (a) methanogenic archaea (b) cell wallless archaea (c) sulfate reducers (d) extreme halophiles

3. Archaea that live in an extreme salty environment are called (a) methanogenic archaea (b) cell wallless archaea (c) sulfate reducers (d) extreme halophiles

4. Single-celled archaea that produce methane and carbon dioxide (CO2) by fermenting simple organic carbon compounds or oxidizing H2 without oxygen to produce CO2 are called

(a) methanogenic archaea (b) cell wallless archaea (c) sulfate reducers (d) extreme halophiles

5. Archaea that do not have cell walls are called (a) methanogenic archaea (b) cell wallless Archaea (c) sulfate reducers (d) extreme halophiles

6. Aerobic/microaerophilic is a designation for bacteria that require small amounts of oxygen to grow. (a) True (b) False

7. Rod-shaped bacteria with flagella at both ends of the rod, which give the bacteria mobility, are called (a) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (b) Legionella pneumophilia (c) pseudomonads (d) Legionella micdadei

8. The bacteria that infects lungs and causes a strain of pneumonia commonly called Pittsburgh pneumonia is known as

(a) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (b) Legionella pneumophilia (c) pseudomonads (d) Legionella micdadei

9. A pathogenic bacterium that infects the urinary tract and wounds in humans is called (a) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (b) Legionella pneumophilia (c) pseudomonads (d) Legionella micdadei

10. This bacterium, discovered in 1976, infected and killed members of the American Legion at their convention in Philadelphia. (a) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (b) Legionella pneumophilia (c) pseudomonads (d) Legionella micdadei

1. A virion is: (a) another name for a virus (b) a virus particle (c) a synthesized virus (d) a mature virus 193 2. A naked virus is (a) a virus without an envelope (b) a virus without a capsid (c) a virus without RNA (d) a virus without DNA

3. A bacteriophage is: (a) a virus that can be killed by antibiotics (b) a virus that acts like a bacteria (c) a bacteria that acts like a virus (d) a naked virus that uses bacteria as a host cell

4. What does a lytic virus inject into a host cell? (a) Nothing (b) Cytoplasm (c) Ribosomes (d) Nucleic acid

5. What is a capsid?

(a) A capsid is the protein coat that encapsulates a virus (b) A capsid is the membrane bilayer of a virus (c) A capsid is another name for a bacteriophage (d) A capsid is the envelope around a virus

6. The envelope of a virus is made of: (a) pieces of the capsid (b) pieces of the host cells membrane (c) pieces of the nuclei of the virus (d) pieces of the nuclei of the host cell

7. A state of lysogeny is: (a) when the envelope virus and the host cell interact with each other (b) when the envelope virus and the host cell dont interact with each other (c) when the envelope of a virus interacts with the capsid (d) when the envelope of a virus interacts with DNA or RNA

8. Oncogenic viruses (a) cause tumors (b) cause the common cold (c) cause herpes (d) cause influenza

9. What is a small infectious particle that contains a protein? (a) Viroid (b) Capsid (c) Virion (d) Prion

10. Genetic information of a virus is contained in: (a) the envelope (b) central nucleic acid (c) the prion (d) the viroid