Dimensioning Linear Dimensioning

Angular Dimensioning

CHAIN-PARALLEL DIMENSIONING

Examples of chain and parallel dimensioning are above below. The advantage of parallel dimensioning is that there is no build-up of tolerances.

Dimensioning Diameters

Dimensions of diameters are shown on view providing greatest clarity

Dimensioning Holes

Dimensioning Chamfers/Countersinks

Metric Screw Threads

Thread Designation The complete designation of a screw thread gives the thread symbol e.g. M for Metric the thread size e.g. 6 the thread pitch e.g. x 1 the tolerance class e.g. 4g6g the length of thread if not dimensioned separately eg. x 30 LNG

Notes: If the thread is standard course then the pitch need not be shown. If the tolerance grade for the pitch diameter and the major diameter is the same then only one needs to be shown. Threads right handed (clockwise turn to screw in) unless a -LH suffix is added to indicate left hand thread. The Class of Fit is a measure of the degree of fit between mating internal and external threads. Classes of Fit Three main Classes of Fit are defined for metric screw threads : FINE: This has a tolerance class of 5H for internal threads and 4h for external threads. MEDIUM: This has a tolerance class of 6H for internal threads and 6g for external threads. COARSE: This has a tolerance class of 7H for internal threads and 8g for external threads.

The typical designation for a thread on a drawing is as follows M8 - 6e..This is a M8 course male thread with a 6e external (male) tolerance (before coating) M8 x 1 - 6e.. This is a M8 course male fine thread with a 6e external (male) tolerance (before coating) M8 - 6H... This is a M8 course female thread with a 6H internal (female) tolerance (not coated) M8 - 6H - LH This is a Left hand M8 course female thread with a 6H internal (female) tolerance (not coated)

Pipe Threads
The typical designation for a Pipe Threads R 1/2 External Taper - Sealing on Thread (BS 21) Rc 1/2 Internal Tape - Sealing on Thread(BS 21) Rp 1/2 Internal Parallel- Sealing on Thread (BS 21) G 1/2 A,B or ext External Parallel - Not Sealing on Threads -Additional seal required(BS2779) G 1/2(F = full thread) Internal Parallel Not Sealing on Threads -Additional seal required (BS2779)

Indication of Surface Finish General indication of surface roughness

For notes on surface roughness use link Surface Roughness Notes

Requirement for machining

Direction of lay

Drawing Components

Threads

Gears

Splines & Serrations

Dynamic Seals

Rotating Seals

Drawing Notes
The notes below are representative. The actual notes used will be selected based on the information being shown on the drawing

Drawing of Weld Symbols

The British Standard for weld symbols is BS EN 22553. When identification of the weld process is required as part of the weld symbol the relevant weld process code is listed in BS EN ISO 4063.

Basic Weld Symbol

The weld symbol always includes 1. An arrow line 2. A reference line 3. A symbol

Note: Weld symbols on the full reference line relates to welds on the near side of the plate being welded. Weld symbols on the dashed line relates to weld on the far side of the plate. If the welds are symmetrical on both sides of the plate the dashed line is omitted. If the dashed line is above the full line then the symbol for the nearside weld is drawn below the reference line and the symbol for the farside weld is above the dashed line

More Detailed Symbolic Representation of Weld

Drawing Guide

Projections First angle and third angle projection methods are acceptable.

The symbol identifying the type of projection used should be placed in a space provided in the drawing block Views Using Reference Arrows.

Principal View The principal view on which all of the other views are based should be selected as being the most informative. This may be the view, which is most recognizable during manufacture or use. i.e. the front view of a house or the side view of a car.

Lines Used on Drawings..

Line Types Line Description.......... Continuous Thick Outline Edge Intersection.. Dimension.. Projection Leader.. Hatching Limits of Partial or interrupted view Shortened Sections Hidden Outlines Hidden Edges Hidden Outlines Hidden Edges Centre lines Lines of Symmetry Special Surfaces Application

Continuous Thin Continuous Freehand Continuous Thin With Zigzags Dashed Thick Dashed Thin Chain Thin Chain Thick

Chain Thin Thick ends

Cutting Planes

Chain Thin double-dashed

Centroidal Lines Initial Outlines Prior to Forming /Machining

FIGURE SHOWING LINETYPES

Line Thicknesses Two thicknesses of line should be used on a drawing. The "thick" line should be at least twice as thick as the "thin" line. The thickness of the line should be based on the sizes... 0,18mm 0,25mm 0,35mm 0,5mm 0,7mm 1,0mm 1.4mm and 2mm Line spacing
The minimum space between parallel lines should always be greater than twice the thickness of the heaviest line.

Leader Lines Leader Lines terminate

With a dot if they end within the outline of the item being identified. With an arrow if they end on the outline Without a dot or an arrow when pointing at a dimensions line

Lettering Lettering should all be in capitals and underlining should be avoided. The lettering size should be at least 3mm on the finished drawing/ plot. With the normal paper in landscape orientation and the title block on the bottom right and side, notes to be parallel with the bottom edge. General notes shall be normally grouped together. Notes related to specific views may be located adjacent to the view.

Hatching
Hatching is used to show areas of sections.

In case of large areas the hatching may be limited to a zone following the contour of the hatched area

Geometrical Tolerancing

Geometric tolerances specify the maximum variation that is allowed in form or position from true geometry. The geometric tolerance is, in essence, the width or diameter of tolerance zone within which a surface or axis of hole or cylinder can lie which results in resulting feature being acceptable for proper function and interchangeability. If a tolerance of form is not specified on a drawing for a feature, then the feature as made will be acceptable regardless of form variation. The tolerances of form control straightness, flatness, parallelism, angular displacement etc. etc. The tolerance zone will be one of the following: The area within a circle The area between two circles The area between two equidistant lines or between two parallel straight lines The space within a cylinder The space between two coaxial cylinders The space between two equidistant surfaces or two parallel planes The space within a bent pipe

Tolerance Frame with Symbol identifications

Indication of datum

Supplimentary Symbols

Tolerance Frame Variations

The tolerance frame can be divided into two or more compartments. These compartments include from left to right The symbol for the feature to be toleranced The tolerance value..If the tolerance zone is circular or cylinderical it is preceded with a

Letters for datums when the toleranced feature is specified in relation to one, or more datums.

If more than one datum is specified then additional partitions are provided

Maximum Material Indication in Tolerance Frame

The maximum material condition, when used, is indicated by a symbol placed after the tolerance value, after the datum letter, or both. See the figures below:

Positioning of Frames /Datum triangles

The features selected for the tolerancing frame or datums triangles are identified as shown below

Geometric Tolerancing Examples 1. Maximum Material Condition 2. Form Control 3. Flatness 4. Roundness 5. Straightness 6. Squareness/ Perpendicity 7. Form 8. Angularity 9. Position 10. Concentricity/Coaxility 11. Cylindricity 12. Parallelism 13.
Runout

Examples of Maximum Material Condition

Examples of Profile Tolerancing

Examples of Form Control

Examples of Maximum Material Condition

Examples of Profile Tolerancing

Flatness

Roundness

Straightness

Form

Angularity

Square ness

Symmetry

Examples of position

Examples of Concentricity

Examples of Cylindricity

Examples of Runout