Chemistry 1AL, TH
11/6/08
Experiment 5
Discussion
The purpose of part 1 in the experiment was to determine the volume of oxygen
produced in a reaction through water displacement.
For the procedure in part 1 of the experiment I connected a 600-mL beaker with
water to a 500-mL Erlenmeyer flask filled with water with a rubber tube. On the
other side I connected a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask with 20ml of 3% H2O2 solution
and a test tube of 4.5 mL of 3M FeCl3 inside to the large 500-mL Erlenmeyer flask.
After equalizing the pressures inside and outside the beaker and Erlenmeyer flasks,
I let the FeCl3 spill inside the flask and watched how the reaction occurred. The
FeCl3 (catalyst) sped up the reaction and soon I felt heat being released from the
reaction. As a result of the reaction the water in the beaker began to rise and I was
able to measure the change in volume of the water and as a result the change in
volume of oxygen gas. First I measured the mass of flask A and its contents before
the reaction and got 143.89g and for the mass of flask A after the reaction I got
143.582g. Afterwards, I used a thermometer and measured the temperature of flask
A (24.2C) and the temperature of flask B (24.8C). I calculated the average of the
temperatures to be 24.5C. By using the formula PV=nRT I was able to figure out the
volume of oxygen collected (220.5mL) and combine the standard temperature and
pressure to the amounts I calculated in the experiment. The barometric pressure
during the time was 1.01 atm or 767.6 torr. Also, by using Appendix 1 I figured out
the water vapor pressure at the average temperature of the gas to be 23.0665 torr.
From the reaction I came up witht the following balanced equation:
I was able to calculate the moles of oxygen (0.009625 mol) and the average
temperature of gas (297.5K). From the rest of my data I was able to determine the
pressure of oxygen (744.5 torr), volume of oxygen (20.6 L) and molar volume of O2
(22.91 L/mol). This value is relatively close to the standard volume of 22.4 L/mol.
Therefore, my data is accurate.
The purpose of part 2 of the experiment was to determine the volume of hydrogen
gas produced in the reaction through water displacement.
I filled up my 600-mL beaker with water and connected it to the 500-mL Erlenmeyer
flask and then connected another 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask with a 0.066g
magnesium metal sample with a small test tube of 4.5 mL of 3M HCl solution to the
Daria Evans
Chemistry 1AL, TH
11/6/08
same 500-mL flask. Then, I calculated the temperature of the gas in flask A (23.5C)
and the temperature in flask B (26.9C). Their average temperatures were 25.2C. I
measured the volume of hydrogen gas collected to be 39.8 mL and the barometric
pressure was 1.01 atm. By using Appendix 2 I calculated the water vapor pressure
at the average temperature of the gas to be 24.0466 torr. From my data and the
balanced chemical equation of the reaction I determined the moles of hydrogen
(.0027 mol).
The average temperature of gas was 298.2 K and the pressure of hydrogen was
calculated to be 743.55 torr. By using the formula PV=nRT I was able to calculate
the volume of H2 at STP to be 13.203 L and the molar volume I calculated to be
14.74 L/mol. These values are smaller than 22.4 L/mol that is expected because of a
particular source of error. Our source or error consisted of the fact that not enough
water was displaced since the stopper on the 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask was not
tightly closed off and therefore not enough water actually pushed through the
rubber tubes to get an accurate reading.