05 Jan 2012

Assignment
On

Hardware of computer
Submitted by:

MOHAMED OMAR MAHAMOUD

2011/2012

INTRODUCTION

COMPUTER is an electronic machine that follows a set of instructions in order that it may be able to accept and gather data and transform these into information.

BASIC PC HARDWARE

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Memory Unit Input Devices Output Devices Secondary Storage Devices

1.Central Processing Unit :

 Brain of the computer. CPU or microprocessor is the heart of the system It directs and controls the entire computer system and performs all arithmetic and logical operations.

2. Memory Unit

Where the programs and data are stored. READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM) contains the preprogrammed computer instructions such as the Basic Input Output System (BIOS). RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) is used to store the programs and data that you will run. Exists only when there is power.

1.

Input Devices

Allows data and programs to be sent to the CPU. Keyboard It is the primary input device of the PC. It is used to enter commands and type text. The keyboards are similar to the typewriters. Mouse It is a device that enables a computer user to move the cursor or pointer to a specific point on the screen. It is called mouse because of the appearance and movement are very similar to that of the mouse. When you move the mouse, the cursor on the screen also moves in the same direction. Microphones

They are type of transducer device that converts sound waves into electrical energy (audio signal). Webcam Web camera is a video that camera provides remote viewing through internet. This device can be connecter to PC for the user to browse online.

 Scanner Joystick input device for computer games Light Pens light-sensitive pen like device Stylus pen like device commonly used with tablet PCs and PDAs

4. Output Devices

Media used by the computer in displaying its responses to our requests and instructions.

Monitor Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Audio Speakers Printer IMPACT PRINTERS uses pressure by physically striking the paper. Ex. Daisy wheel printers, line printers, dot matrix printers & band printers. NON-IMPACT PRINTER does not apply pressure on the paper but instead produces character by using lasers, ink spray, photography or heat.

5. Secondary Storage Devices

Attached to the computer system to allow you to store programs and data permanently for the purpose of retrieving them for future use.

Floppy disk: a soft magnetic disk Hard disk :

A hard disk is part of a unit, often called a "disk drive," "hard drive," or "hard disk drive," that store and provides relatively quick access to large amounts of data on an electromagnetically charged surface or set of surfaces.

CD R drive

The CD-ROM drive can read data from the CD-ROM disc and the audio CD, and can also write data to the CD-ROM disc

CD-ROM :read CDs CD-Writer :read/write CDs DVD-Combo : read/write CDs, read DVD DVD Writer :read/write CD and Read/write DVDs

Power Supply
Responsible for powering every device in your computer. Parts of a Power supply:
Disk drive connectors Motherboard connector Power supply fan Power switch

Input voltage selector Cover

Power plugs receptacle

Motherboard

 The physical arrangement in a computer that contains the computers basic circuitry and components. Components are: Microprocessor (Optional) Coprocessors Memory

Basic Input/output System (BIOS)

Expansion Slot Interconnecting circuitry

PORTS
Serial ports mouse, keyboard, modem Parallel ports printers Universal serial bus (USB) replacing serial and parallel

Firewire ports faster than USB