TOOTH MORPHOLOGY

PERMANENT DENTITION

PERMANENT MOLARS
12 molars 1st at 6 years old non-succedaneus Formed from 5 lobes (II,III can be from 4)

 3 major cusps (max) 4th lobe forms minor cusp 5th lobe forms supplementary cusp: Max DL Man D Functional just Carabelli Max I molar

MAXILLARY 1 MOLAR
Largest in the arch Broad MD and BL

Facial View
4 cup DB sharper and longer B developmental groove divides 2 B cusps Cervical line curved toward occlusal

 M outline straight from cervical to M contact Contact middle & occlusal thirds D outline = convex, contact center of the middle third

Lingual view
Only lingual cusps can be seen ML cusp longer & larger Wide MD & BL M outline straight, D - more convex L developmental groove from L becomes D oblique groove = DL developmental groove

 Carabelli = tubercle, separated by ML groove from ML cusp 3 roots can be seen from L Roots twice long than crown L root longer
THE MORE POSTERIOR - SMALLER TEETH - ROOTHS CLOSER TO CENTER LINE OF TOOTH

Mesial view
View profile of Carabelli L crest center of the mid third & B crest cervical third Cervical line is slightly convex M

Distal view
Crown tapered D Cervical line straighter D surface of the crown is convex with concavity at the root trunk D marginal ridge shorter, seen on occlusion DB root narrowest of all three

Occlusal view
Crown wide M and L 4 functional cusps, one non DL cusp major (minor on II,III) Center fossa major, B development groove from central development pit M & D triangular minor Oblique ridge ML cusp tip to DB cusp tip

Grooves
Facial Central M, D DL (oblique) ML groove (cusp Carabelli) M marginal D Marginal

Maxillary 2nd Molar

Facial view

Shorter cervicoocclusally and narrower MD than 1st molar B roots same length, closer together DB root has no curvature MB root greater curvature toward D at apex

Lingual view
No cusp of Carabelli DL cusp is smaller than 1st molar

Mesial view
Crown is shorter but BL similar to 1st molar Roots closer together

Distal view
DB cusp smaller More MB cusp can be seen

Occlusal view
MD diameter smaller BL diameter similar More supplemental grooves and pits

Maxillary

rd 3

molar

Varies shape, size Crown shorter, fused roots Occlusal outline heart-shaped DL cusp poorly formed Tendency to be impacted

Maxillary roots
Trifurcation Palatal root longest, DB shortest All 3 roots visible from B view 2 B roots incline D, and D root straighter and curved M at the end A deep developmental groove runs between the bifurcation and cervical line

Characteristics of Maxillary roots

Shorter to posterior Less divided to posterior More varied in shape, size, directions

Pulp cavity of Maxillary molar

Pulp chamber, 3 main canals 1st molar can have 4 canals (2 in the MB root) Some 3rd molars can have 4 root canals One pulp for each cusp (4 in all)