DRAFT

USAR
SMALL ARMS READINESS GROUP (SARG)

General Small Arms Tasks

Wearing and Adjustment of Individual Equipment, Carrying Configurations, Firing Positions, Bringing Small Arms into Action, & Combat Cleaning

16 October 2001

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DRAFT
GENERAL SMALL ARMS TASKS

SARG - GSAT

SECTION I. INTRODUCTION 1. This guide outlines how individual soldiers can increase their combat readiness and ability to react to a threat condition. Safety is stressed through out the guide since it pretains to combat or threat situations just as much as to qualification range firing. Two of the most important safety items are to know your target and keep your finger off the trigger until ready to engage the target. a. Many of these tasks are excellent Value Added Training (VAT) tasks. That is these tasks take very little if any time or resources but greatly enhance the small arm preliminary marksmanship instruction (PMI). For example the proper adjustment of the soldiers LCE and helmet so that it does not interfere with the employment of their small arm. In addition loading the small arm from different carrying configurations and from the ammunition pouches. b. Other tasks are excellent for concurrent or hip pocket training. Practicing to react to a threat condition by seeking cover and drawing their pistol from a holster will increase the soldiers survivability skills and self confidence. 2. Members of the United States Army Reserve Command (USARC) Small Arms Readiness Group (SARG) prepared this guide. Members of the All Army Reserve Marksmanship Training or Competitive Teams, reviewed the document and provided in-put. It reflects their interpretation of the current Army doctrine in small arms training. This marksmanship pamphlet is a working document that will improve with users suggestions. Send comments and specific suggestions for improvement to: Commander, USAR Small Arms Readiness Group (SARG) 4950 South 2nd Street Building 307-A, Fort Gillem Forrest Park, GA 30297-5137

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SARG - GSAT SECTION II. PRESENTATION The following tasks have been developed to increase the soldiers survivability skills with their assigned individual weapon. The tasks for the M16 Rifle apply to the M4 Carbine and the M9 pistol tasks apply to the M11 Pistols unless otherwise noted,. Weapons Safety Adjust LCE and helmet Load an M16 Rifle or M4 Carbine Load an M9/M11 Pistol Firing Positions Assume a defensive posture with the M16 rifle from sling arms Presentation of the M9 Pistol from the holster Combat cleaning an M16 Rifle Night vision tasks with an M16 Rifle Operate Night Vision Sight AN/PVS-4 (071-315-0003) Inspect AN/PVS-4 for Serviceability, Mount and Remove AN/PVS-4 from an M16 Rifle. Boresight AN/PVS-4 to an M16 Rifle Zero an AN/PVS-4 to an M16 rifle, Using the Laser BoreSighting Method. Engage Targets with an M16 Rifle using a Night Vision Sight AN/PVS-4 (071-315-2308) Mount and Zero an AN/PVS-4 to an M249 Automatic Rifle, Night Fire

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SARG - GSAT TASK: Weapons Safety. CONDITION: Given a weapon in a classroom or on a range. STANDARD: Each soldier will discuss weapons safety and safe weapons handling. BATTLE FOCUS: Individual weapon safety is a major concern of all soldiers. Violations of weapons safety can cause injury and death. Each soldier is responsible for his own safety and those around him. The safety information and procedures you will review or learn today are very important especially in combat or other threat situations. Many times in high stress situations soldiers have had their finger on the trigger of their weapon and inadvertently jerked it shooting their fellow soldier. Time: 1 minute.

Prior to the safety briefing the instructor will: 1. Designate a down range area for the training. 2. Verify all small arms are clear at the beginning of training. 3. Verify that no live ammunition is present. 4. Have soldiers ground weapons pointed down range. Note: Instructor should become familiar with and read word for word the five general safety rules that apply to all range activities and most training and combat situations. Five General Safety Rules: 1. Always assume and handle weapons as if they were loaded. Clear the weapon as the first action when you receive it and always know the condition of your weapon. 2. Do not point the weapon at anything you are not willing to destroy or fire on. 3. Keep your finger off the trigger until you are pointed in the target area and ready to fire. 4. Be sure of your target and the area behind it. 5. Always wear hearing protection and appropriate safety equipment on firing ranges. Note: Everyone will observe these rules while training with weapons. Any soldier is authorized to make an immediate on-the-spot correction of an unsafe act. GSAT-3
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SARG - GSAT TASK: Adjust individual load carrying equipment (LCE) and helmet. CONDITION: Soldier is given issued LCE, helmet, individual weapon, holster and magazines if applicable. The soldier is instructed how to assemble and adjust the LCE and helmet so that they do not interfere with the operation or employment their weapon. STANDARD: 1. The soldier will adjust the LCE so that it does not interfere with the prone, sitting, kneeling, and standing firing positions. Demonstrate loading from both magazine pouches while in each of the firing positions. 2. The soldier will adjust the helmet so that it does not interfere with the sighting of the weapon or require further adjustment when assuming the prone, sitting, kneeling, or standing firing positions. BATTLE FOCUS: An improperly adjusted helmet or LCE may cause a life threatening delay in combat when a soldier is required to return fire. Properly adjusted LCE and helmet will allow the soldier to assume the prone, sitting, kneeling, and standing positions with unobstructed vision while engaging targets. Time: 20 - 30 minutes Type of Instruction: Demonstration, Peer Coach, By-The-Numbers. Instructor to Soldier Ratio: 1:8 to 1:12 Training Aids: LCE, Helmet, Individual Weapon (rifle, pistol, M203 or M249), w/holster and magazines if applicable. Reference: FM 21-15, FM 23-9, FM 23-14, FM 23-31, FM 23-35

TRAINING AND EVALUATION 1. Assemble and adjust web belt, magazine pouches, and suspenders. a. Adjust web belt to attain a comfortable fit. b. Locate area for magazine pouches. (1) Lay in the prone position. (2) Locate on pistol belt where the right and left side of the abdomen comes in contact with ground. GSAT-4
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(3) Attach magazine pouches on the belt to the sides of the area were abdomen contacts ground. (4) Fill magazine pouches. (5) Assume a prone position and check that the magazine pouches are not under the abdomen. (6) Check for ease of access to magazine pouches. (7) Adjust magazine pouch location if necessary c. Attach and adjust suspenders so that there is no pressure on the back of the neck. Note: Place charged rifle magazines open end down and empty magazines open end up in the magazine pouches. At a glance or by feel the soldier can determine which magazines are charged by the flat surface of the magazine bottom.

2. Assemble and adjust the helmet. a. Adjust the suspension straps to allow helmet to ride on head at a height that elevates the helmets brim to the center of forehead. b. Adjust the headband so that it is snug but comfortable. This will avoid a rolling action of the helmet when the soldier is on the move. c. Adjust the chin strap so that it is centered on the chin, and tighten just enough to the hold helmet in place. This will keep the helmet from shifting and obscuring the sights when assuming firing positions.

3. Check fit: a. Assume the prone firing position. b. Ensure that the magazine pouches are not under the abdomen in prone position. c. Ensure that LCE does not bind or interfere with the firing positions, d. Ensure that the helmet does not obstruct the sights. e. Make adjustments as necessary and recheck.

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4. Load the individual weapon from the magazine pouches, if applicable: a. Insure that no ammunition is present. b. Point the weapon in the designated down range direction. c. Assume the prone firing position. d. Remove a magazine from the magazine pouch and insert into the weapon. e. Remove the magazine and repeat loading from the other magazine pouch. 5. Repeat step 4 in the sitting, kneeling and standing firing positions. Note: When removing the magazine from the magazine pouch, the soldier may have to rotate the magazine 180 degrees depending on how they grasp the magazine so that the bullets are facing forward.

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17 June 2001

SARG - GSAT TASK: Load an M16A1/M16A2 Rifle or M4/M4A1 Carbine CONDITION: Given an unloaded M16A1/M16A2 rifle or M4/M4A1 carbine, with a magazine charged with dummy ammunition, helmet and LCE. STANDARD: From whatever carrying configuration the small arm is in, ensure that a round is chambered and the selector or safety is not in the SAFE position, and prepare to engage the target or threat. BATTLE FOCUS: Loading a small arm is a skill that must be mastered by the soldier to increase his chances of survivability in combat. Loading should become automatic. You will have to load quickly in conditions of nighttime, smoke and under stress. Each soldier is responsible for their own safety and for the safety of those around them. During peace keeping operations or operations other than war, the Theater Commander will dictate the carrying configuration depending on the threat situation. These configurations are: 1. Round in the chamber, charged magazine locked, selector on SAFE. 2. Empty chamber, bolt forward, charged magazine locked, selector on SAFE. 3. Empty chamber, bolt forward, no magazine locked, selector on SAFE. Each soldier must know the load configuration of their rifle at all time and be prepared to engage a threat whatever and where ever it might be to be able to survive the situation. A very important caution, do not place your finger on the trigger of your rifle until you are prepared to engage the target or threat. Many soldiers in peace keeping operations have been wounded by fellow soldiers who have had their finger on the trigger and in a threat or stress situation inadvertently pulled the trigger. Time: 10 - 15 minutes Type of Instruction: Demonstration, Peer Coach, By-The-Numbers. Instructor to Soldier Ratio: 1:8 to 1:12 Training Aids: M16 Rifle or M4 Carbine, LCE, Magazines, Dummy Ammunition Reference: STP 21-1-SMTC, task 071-311-2027, FM 23-9, TM 9-1005-317-10, (071-004-0003)

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SARG - GSAT Charging rifle magazines: a. Each soldier issued a rifle should be issued an ammunition speed loader and a black safety pin. Each bandoleer of 5.56mm ammunition contains one speed loader and one safety pin. b. Attach the speed loader to the LCE either on the lower front suspender or to one of the magazine pouches, whichever is most convenient to the soldier. c. Without detaching the speed loader from the LCE, attach the speed loader to an empty magazine. d. Insert a stripper clip of ten rounds of 5.56mm ammunition into the small end of the speed loader. e. Charge the magazine by pushing the rounds into the magazine. f. Replace the empty stripper clip with a full one and continue to charge the magazine until the desired number of rounds have been charged. g. Repeat the process until all magazines have been charged. Note: Charging a magazine is an individual soldier responsibility. Soldiers must be able to quickly and efficiently charge their own magazines. When deployed there will be no loading station to supply you with charged magazines like at most qualification ranges.

Load an M16 Rifle or M4 Carbine

1. High Threat Configuration Round chambered, selector on safe. a. Point the rifle muzzle in a safe direction or toward the threat. b. Place the selector on SEMI. c. Prepare to engage target.

2. Medium Threat Configuration Empty chamber, magazine locked, selector on safe. a. Point the rifle muzzle in a safe direction or toward the threat. b. Pull the charging handle to the rear and release.

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c. Never ride the charging handle forward. Let the bolt slam into battery. d. Tap the forward assist assembly to ensure bolt is fully forward and locked. e. Place the selector on SEMI. f. Prepare to engage target.

3. Low Threat Configuration Empty chamber, no magazine locked, selector on safe. a. Point the rifle muzzle in a safe direction or toward the threat. b. Insert the magazine, pushing it upward until the magazine catch engages and holds the magazine. c. Tap upward on the bottom of the magazine to ensure it is seated. d. Pull the charging handle to the rear and release. e. Never ride the charging handle forward. Let the bolt slam into battery. f. Tap the forward assist assembly to ensure bolt is fully forward and locked. g. Place the selector on SEMI. h. Prepare to engage target.

WARNING DO NOT PLACE YOUR FINGER ON THE TRIGGER UNTIL YOU ARE READY TO ENGAGE THE TARGET OR THREAT

WARNING RIFLE IS NOW LOADED. ENSURE IT IS POINTED IN A SAFE DIRECTION

Note: When the treat situation decreases, place the selector back to SAFE. Note: If rifle is not to be fired immediately, close ejection port cover. GSAT-9
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4. Reload rifle from magazine pouch. When returning fire during an ambush or a combat situation, the soldier will at some point have to reload their rifle. This must be done when the magazine is empty or could be dune during a lull in the situation and the soldier knows the magazine is almost empty. a. Preparation, place charged magazines in the pouches with the open end pointed down. It is the soldiers preference as to whether the bullets are pointed away from the body or toward the body depending on how they grasp the magazine. a. Point the rifle muzzle in a safe direction or toward the threat. c. Open magazine pouch and grasp the bottom of a magazine. d. Remove the magazine and rotate the open end upward. Depending on the grasp and the direction of the bullets in the magazine, the soldier may have to turn the magazine 180 degrees so that the bullets are pointed away from the body. e. Insert the magazine, pushing it upward until the magazine catch engages and holds the magazine. f. Tap upward on the bottom of the magazine to ensure it is seated. g. Replace empty magazines in the pouch with the open end facing up. At a glance or by feel the soldier can find the smooth bottom surface of a magazine and know that it is a charged.

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SARG - GSAT TASK: Load an M9/M11 Pistol CONDITION: Given an unloaded M9/M11 pistol with a magazine charged with dummy ammunition, helmet and LCE. STANDARD: From whatever carrying configuration the small arm is in, ensure that a round is chambered and the selector or safety is not in the SAFE position, and prepare to engage the target or threat. BATTLE FOCUS: Loading a small arm is a skill that must be mastered by the soldier to increase his chances of survivability in combat. Loading should become automatic, because you will not always have the luxury of loading in a training environment. You will have to load in conditions of nighttime, smoke and under stress. Each soldier is responsible for his own safety and for the safety of those around him. During peace keeping operations or operations other than war, the Theater Commander will dictate the carrying configuration depending on the threat situation. These configurations are: 1. Round in the chamber, selector on SAFE. 2. Empty chamber, slide forward, magazine locked, selector on SAFE. 3. Empty chamber, slide forward, no magazine locked, selector on SAFE. Each soldier must know the load configuration of their small arm at all time and be prepared to engage a threat whatever and where ever it might be to be able to survive the situation. A very important caution, do not place your finger on the trigger of your small arm until you are prepared to engage the target or threat. Many soldiers in peace keeping operations have been wounded by fellow soldiers who have had their finger on the trigger and in a threat or stress situation inadvertently pulled the trigger. Time: 10 - 15 minutes Type of Instruction: Demonstration, Peer Coach, By-The-Numbers. Instructor to Soldier Ratio: 1:8 to 1:12 Training Aids: M9/M11 Pistol; Magazine; Dummy Ammunition Reference: FM 23-35,

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17 June 2001

SARG - GSAT Load an M9/M11 Pistol

1. High Threat Configuration Round chambered, decocking/safety lever in the SAFE position. a. Point the pistol in a safe direction or toward the threat. b. Place the decocking/safety lever is in the FIRE position. c. Prepare to engage target.

2. Medium Threat Configuration Empty chamber, slide forward, magazine locked, decocking/safety lever in the SAFE position. a. Point the pistol in a safe direction or toward the threat. b. Grasp the serrated portion of the slide and retract the slide to the rear. c. Release the slide to chamber a round. d. Place the decocking/safety lever is in the FIRE position. e. Prepare to engage target.

3. Low Threat Configuration Empty chamber, slide forward, no magazine locked, decocking/safety lever in the SAFE position. a. Point the pistol in a safe direction or toward the threat. b. Insert the magazine fully into the magazine well of the pistol. c. Grasp the serrated portion of the slide and retract the slide to the rear. d. Release the slide to chamber a round. e. Place the decocking/safety lever is in the FIRE position. e. Prepare to engage target.

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WARNING DO NOT PLACE YOUR FINGER ON THE TRIGGER UNTIL YOU ARE READY TO ENGAGE THE TARGET OR THREAT

WARNING PISTOL IS NOW LOADED. ENSURE IT IS POINTED IN A SAFE DIRECTION

Note: When the treat situation decreases, place the decocking/safety lever is in the SAFE position.

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17 June 2001

SARG - GSAT TASK: Firing Positions BATTLE FOCUS: Combat Service and Combat Service Support units train positions almost exclusively for rifle qualification. During peace keeping operations or operations other than war will require using firing positions other than prone or from a foxhole. Firing from cover in urban or MOUT environments such as behind building walls, brick fences, trees, vehicles, etc will require adapting the kneeling or standing positions. These positions can be support by leaning the rifle against the object being used as cover. When assuming a supported standing or kneeling position, the soldiers equipment and helmet must not interfere with acquiring the target, if so refer to Adjustment of Equipment task. Time: 5 - 10 minutes Type of Instruction: Demonstration and Peer Coach. Instructor to soldier ratio: 1:8 to 1:12 Training Aids: M16 Rifle, magazine, LCE, helmet Reference: FM 23-9

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(Insert pictures of prone supported, kneeling supported and standing supported behind cover ie trees, wall, buildings, etc).

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17 June 2001

SARG - GSAT TASK: Assume a defensive posture with the M16 rifle from sling arms. CONDITION: Given an M16 Rifle, magazine, dummy ammunition (to substitute for dummy ammunition, insert a penny in the magazine follower to simulate a charged magazine), LCE, and helmet. STANDARD: From sling arms with the M16 Rifle muzzle pointed down, react to a threat condition, load the rifle, and prepare to engage the target. BATTLE FOCUS: During peace keeping operations or operations other than war, carrying a rifle slung over the shoulder with the muzzle down is a non-threatening posture. During these type operations soldiers maybe faced with threatening situations or ambushes and must be able to react in a timely manner to survive. Time: 15 to 30 minutes. Type of Instruction: Demonstration / Hands On References: FM 23-9, TM 9-1005-249-23+P

Performance Steps: 1. Carry the M16 Rifle at sling arms, on the soldiers firing shoulder, with the barrel down, pistol grip forward, and safety on. It is recommended that a plastic muzzle cap be used to prevent dirt being ground into the muzzle when carried in the barrel down position. 2. React to a threat by quickly taking cover or lower profile. 3. While seeking cover remove the rifle from the shoulder. a. Reverse firing hand, by rotating it palm outward and grasping the pistol grip. b. With the non-firing hand, slide carrying strap off the shoulder while the firing hand rotates the rifle barrel forward and up as the butt stock is brought into the firing shoulder. 4. Depending on the cover available, the soldier assumes the prone, kneeling, or standing firing position. NOTE: If the LCE interferes with the firing position or the helmet hinders the aiming refer to the Adjust Individual LCE and Helmet task to correct the problems.

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SARG - GSAT 5. Load the rifle from each of the three carrying configurations. The carrying configuration will be dictated by the theater rules of engagement. a. Round in the chamber, selector on SAFE. b. Empty chamber, bolt forward, magazine locked, selector on SAFE. (1) Pull the charging handle to the rear and release. (2) Never ride the charging handle forward. Let the bolt slam into battery. c. Empty chamber, bolt forward, no magazine locked, selector on SAFE. (1) Load from the magazine pouch. (2) Place charged magazines open end down and empty magazines open end up in the magazine pouches. At a glance or by feel the soldier can determine which magazines are charged by the flat surface of the magazine bottom. (3) To load, open magazine pouch and grasp the bottom of a magazine. (4) Remove the magazine and rotate the open end upward. Depending on the grasp and the direction of the bullets in the magazine, the soldier may have to turn the magazine 180 degrees so that the bullets are pointed away from the body. (5) Insert the magazine, pushing it upward until the magazine catch engages and holds the magazine. (6) Pull the charging handle to the rear and release. (7) Never ride the charging handle forward. Let the bolt slam into battery. 7. Prepare to engage the target. 8. Keep the selector lever on safe and finger off the trigger until required to fire on the target. CAUTION: Do not place the finger on the trigger of the rifle until ready to engage the target. Many soldiers in peacekeeping operations have been wounded by fellow soldiers who have had their finger on the trigger and in a threat or stress situation inadvertently pulled the trigger. Refer to the five general safety rules that apply to all range activities and most combat situations.

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SARG - GSAT Performance Steps 1. Preparation: M16 Rifle carried at sling arms, on soldiers firing shoulder, with barrel down, pistol grip forward, and safety on. 2. Quickly take cover or lower profile. 3. Reverse firing hand, by rotating it palm outward and grasping the pistol grip. 4. With the non-firing hand, slide carrying strap off the shoulder while the firing hand rotates the rifle outward as it is brought into the firing shoulder. 5. At the same time the soldier goes to a prone, kneeling, or standing position. 6. Depending on the theater rules of engagement, the rifle may have to be loaded, then place the selector lever on semi. 7. Prepare to engage the target.

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SARG - GSAT ALTERNATE METHOD USING THE TOP SLING ADAPTER Installation of top sling adapter. Install top carry sling adapter (NSN 1005-00-406-1570, PN 8448471). See installation steps on the following page. Note: When installed, the rifle can be slung over either shoulder, muzzle down. The rifle can be trained on a target and charged very rapidly without removing the sling from the shoulder. It is recommended that a plastic muzzle cap be used to prevent dirt being ground into the muzzle when carried in the barrel down position.

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SARG - GSAT QUICK FIRE FROM SLING ARMS USING THE TOP SLING ADAPTER. A. Load Configuration; round in the chamber, selector on SAFE. 1. Initial position, sling arms on shoulder of firing hand, rifle muzzle pointed down, firing hand on pistol grip, finger off the trigger. 2. To engage the target, raise the rifle muzzle to the target with the firing hand, grasp the hand guards with the non-firing hand. 3. While raising the rifle, place the selector on SEMI using the thumb of the firing hand for a right handed shooter or the index finger for a left handed shooter. 4. Engage targets.

WARNING DO NOT PLACE FINGER ON THE TRIGGER UNTIL READY TO ENGAGE THE TARGET.

B. Load Configuration; empty chamber, magazine locked, selector on SAFE. 1. Initial position, sling arms on shoulder of firing hand, rifle muzzle pointed down, firing hand on pistol grip, finger off the trigger. 2. To engage the target, raise the rifle muzzle to the target with the firing hand. 3. While raising the rifle, grasp the charging handle with the non-firing hand, pull back and release. 4. Grasp the hand guards with the non-firing hand. 5. While raising the rifle, place the selector on SEMI using the thumb of the firing hand for a right handed shooter or the index finger for a left handed shooter. 6. Engage targets.

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SARG - GSAT TASK: Presentation of the M9 / M11 Pistol from the Holster, Pistol drawing technique. CONDITIONS: Given an M9 or M11 Pistol, holster, LCE and helmet STANDARDS: Each soldier will demonstrate proper pistol drawing sequence from the holster and holster the weapon after completion of the task. BATTLE FOCUS: The ability to quickly deploy your weapon during combat is a matter of survival on the battlefield. Familiarization with equipment and technique are imperative to this end. Time: 20 minutes Type of Instruction: Demonstration, Hands on Instructor to Soldier Ratio: 1:8 to 1:12 Training Aids: M9 / M11 Pistol, holster, LCE and helmet Reference: USMC FMFM 0-8 Instructional Lead-In: This task is intended as a supplement to the Primary Marksmanship Instruction included in the main body of this manual. The importance of this task lends itself to the Battle Focus aspect of pistol marksmanship. The combination of primary marksmanship ability with combat handling techniques is the final step necessary prior to deployment with any weapon system.

Pistol Presentation Equipment Setup The soldier's equipment should be setup as follows: 1. Holster should be on the pistol belt located on the firing side of the soldier. Attention should be given to prevent obstruction to pistol access by other equipment. If coat or poncho is to be worn, soldier should practice quickly clearing any obstruction to gain access to the weapon. The preferred method is to wear the pistol belt over other garments.

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2. Magazine pouches should be located on the front of the pistol belt. Location should provide easy access and manipulation by the non-firing hand of the soldier. Location should be unobstructed by other equipment. Pistol Drawing Technique: NOTE: This task should be initially trained in a dry fire environment with no ammunition present. Training may progress to live fire under proper range fire conditions. 1. ACQUIRE - With the firing hand "pop" open the holster flap and grip the pistol. 2. CLEAR - Lift the pistol straight up out of the holster. Keep the elbow of the firing arm close to the body. Keep your finger out of the trigger guard. Keep the weapon pointed in a safe direction. Move the safety from the safe to the fire position. Avoid covering any part of your body with the pistol! 3. GRIP - Complete the grip of the pistol at waist level close to the body. Achieve a good twohanded grip with the non-firing hand. 4. PRESS - Punch both arms and the pistol straight to the target. This should be a quick and forceful move locking the soldier into a strong firing position. 5. ENGAGE - Acquire a good sight picture and engage the target if warranted. NOTE: Train the soldier to keep the finger out of the trigger guard at all times until they are on target and have made the conscious decision to fire. Pistol Holstering Technique 1. SAFE - Decock, place the pistol on safe. 2. LOWER - Break the two handed grip. Access and hold open the holster flap with the non-firing hand. Lower the pistol to the holster with the firing hand. Keep the finger out of the trigger guard. Do not cover the non-firing hand or any other body part while lowering the pistol to the holster. 3. SECURE - Lower the pistol into the holster and secure the flap with the firing hand. NOTE: These sequences should be practiced by the numbers initially, as competence with the technique grows, speed may be introduced. Practice is the only method of becoming familiar with and proficient with a quick effective pistol drawing technique.

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17 June 2001

SARG - GSAT TASK: Combat Clean an M16A1 or M16A2 Rifle (071-311-2025) in Field Conditions. CONDITION: Given an M16A1 or M16A2 rifle, magazines, small arms maintenance equipment case and lubricating instructions. STANDARD: Clean, inspect and lubricate the rifle and magazines so that they function correctly. BATTLE FOCUS: Proper maintenance is important because your life and the lives of others depend on your rifle functioning properly. The emphasis in combat cleaning is to keep the rifle serviceable with a minimal amount of time and effort. Some carbon, dirt, and dust are acceptable as long as it does not interfere with the functioning of the rifle. The amount of lubrication on the rifle is dependent on the environmental conditions but generally excess lubrication is acceptable. Time: 10 - 20 minutes Type of Instruction: Demonstration, By-The-Numbers, Hands-On. Instructor to Soldier Ratio: 1:8 to 1:12 Training Aids: M16 Rifle; Magazines; Equipment maintenance case w/ swabs, pipe cleaners, and CLP Reference: STP 21-1-SMTC, task 071-311-2025; TM 9-1005-249-10, M16A1; TM 9-1005-319-10, M16A2

1. INTRODUCTION: Done right, cleaning will assure long and reliable service. Done poorly, cleaning will damage a rifle and shorten its life. The soldiers who are held to the spotless cleaning standards invent shortcuts than damage rifles: cleaning rifles in the shower, using improper cleaning agents, using a variety of homemade scrapers, or disassembling the rifles farther than authorized or needed. More rifles are damaged by improper cleaning than by actual use. It's far better to do just a minimal job of lubricating a rifle to prevent rust or other damage than to damage it by over zealous cleaning. 2. COMBAT CLEAN:

The first priority of rifle maintenance to protect it until time is available for detail cleaning, and to assure reliable function if the rifle is needed soon. Sometimes there just isn't time to perform detail cleaning immediately after firing. This procedure should protect the rifle until it can be detail cleaned. It should assure that the rifle is capable of immediate use when required.

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a. Wipe the rifle clear of obvious dirt, sand, or other contaminants and lubricate it inside and out. b. Wipe the carrier with an oily cloth or patch to get the worst of the fouling off it. c. Pull the bolt to its forward position in the carrier and place a drop of CLP in each of the vent holes of the carrier (the two vertically placed holes in the dished cut). d. Use a cleaning brush to sweep the fouling and traces of brass from the extractor hook and bolt face. e. Run an oily patch through the bore. f. Wipe out the fowling in the upper receiver with the oily rag or patch. g. Lubricate the carrier group normally, and reassemble the rifle. h. Wipe down exposed surfaces with a slightly oily cloth or patch.

3. OPERATION UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS: Unusual conditions are defined as any climatic condition requiring special maintenance of the rifle. a. Hot, Dry Climates - Desert: 1) Dust and sand will get into the rifle and will cause malfunctions and excessive wear on component working surfaces through abrasive action during the firing operations. 2) Corrosion is less likely to form on metal parts in a dry climate, therefore, lubricate internal working surfaces only with a small amount of CLP. Do not lubricate external parts of the rifle and internal components of the magazines. 3) Using Additional Authorization List (AAL) equipment will help keep dust and sand from getting into the rifle. This AAL equipment includes protective cap, spare magazine protective bags and overall rifle protective cover. As a minimum effort to keep dust and sand out of the rifle, keep the ejection port cover closed, a cartridge magazine in the rifle, and a muzzle cap on the muzzle. Note: Remove protective cap before firing, however, it is not dangerous to fire the rifle with the protective cap on. b. Heavy Rain and Fording All Climates:

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SARG - GSAT Use AAL equipment and expendable items to protect the rifle and keep the rifle dry. Using the protective cap will help keep water out of the barrel. Always drain any water from the barrel before firing. Dry the bore with a cleaning patch and cleaning rod if necessary. c. Extremely Cold Climates Arctic: Use LAW for Lubricating and CLP for cleaning. 1) To operate the rifle in extremely cold climates, depress the trigger guard plunger and open the trigger guard. This makes it easier to operate the trigger when you are wearing arctic mittens. 2) Clean and lubricate the rifle inside a warm room. Apply a light coat of LAW to all functional parts. To prevent freezing, keep rifle covered when moving from a warm to a cold area to allow gradual cooling. 3) Always keep the rifle dry. Hand function the rifle approximately every 30 minutes to help prevent freezing of components. Do not lay a hot rifle in snow or ice. 4) Keep ammunition dry. Moisture will cause malfunctions. Do not lubricate the ammunition. 5) Using AAL equipment such as protective cap, bag, and cover will help protect your rifle. Always keep snow out of the barrel bore. Clean barrel with patch and cleaning rod, if necessary, before firing. d. Hot, Wet Climates Jungle: 1) Perform maintenance more frequently. Inspect hidden surfaces of the bolt carrier assembly, upper receiver and barrel assembly, and lower receiver and extension assembly for corrosion. If corrosion is found, clean and lubricate. 2) To help prevent corrosion, remove handprints, dry and lubricate lightly with CLP. 3) Check ammunitions and magazines frequently for corrosion. Clean magazines using CLP and rags. 4) Use appropriate AAL equipment and expendable items for protection.

GSAT-25

17 June 2001

SARG - GSAT TASK: Operate Night Vision Sight AN/PVS-4 (071-315-0003) CONDITIONS: At night, given an AN/PVS-4 sight in its carrying case and BA-1567/U batteries. STANDARDS: Prepare and correctly place the AN/PVS-4 sight into operation, then shut it down and store it. BATTLE FOCUS: Time: 5 10 min Type of Instruction: Discussion, Demonstration, Performance Instructor to Soldier Ratio: 1:8 Reference: TM 11-5855-213-10

Note: To relieve air pressure inside the carrying case, press the core of the relief valve, located near the handle, before releasing the latches.

1. Unpack the sight. a. Release the four latches securing the top of the carrying case and remove the top. b. Remove the carrying bag from the carrying case. Open the bag and remove the sight. c. Inspect the sight for damage (cracks, chips, and abrasions) and ensure that the decals are readable. Report deficiencies. Note: A N /P V S - 4 s i g h t s a r e p r e c i s i o n e l e c t r o - o p t i c a l i n s t r u m e n t s . T h e y must always be handled carefully. Be sure to turn the ONOFF/TUBE BRIGHTNESS and O N - O F F /R E T I C L E BRIGHTNESS switches OFF before installing batteries.

GSAT-26

17 June 2001

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2. Install the batteries (Figure 1). a. Remove the battery caps by turning them counterclockwise. b. Insert a battery in each cap with the negative (-) terminal (raised end) facing into the cap. c. Replace the battery caps and tighten them snugly. Note: Most AN/PVS-4s have a AA (BA 3058/U) battery adapter that can be used if the Nickle Cadmium (BA-1567/U) batteries are not available.

OBJECTIVE LENS ASSEMBLY

CAP BATTERY CAP BATTERY EYEPIECE ASSEMBLY

BATTERY HOUSING ASSEMBLY

IMAGE INTENSIFIER ASSEMBLY (INSIDE)

Figure 1. Battery Installation.

GSAT-27

17 June 2001

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RETICLE ELEVATION ADJUSTMENT ACTIVATOR

ON-OFF RETICLE BRIGHTNESS OBJECTIVE FOCUS RING DIOPTER FOCUS RING

RETICLE AZIMUTH ADJUSTMENT ACTIVATOR ON-OFF TUBE BRIGHTNESS

DIOPTER INDICATOR

Figure 2. Controls and indicators.

3. Operate the device under normal conditions (Figure 2).

Note:
Using the sight without the eye guard installed may cause detection by the enemy and, when operated on a weapon, can result in physical injury to the operator because of weapon recoil.
.

NOTES: 1. The daylight cover must be installed during daylight and removed at night. 2. Batteries must be removed when the sight is not in use, to prevent accidentally turning on the sight. a. Press the eye against the eye guard to open the rubber leaves that prevent the emission of stray light. b. Turn the ON-OFF/TUBE BRIGHTNESS control clockwise to turn on the sight. NOTE: If the equipment fails to operate, refer to the troubleshooting procedures in TM 11-5855-213-10.

c. Adjust the ON-OFF/TUBE BRIGHTNESS control to the lowest setting that provides good target-to-background contrast.

GSAT-28

17 June 2001

SARG - GSAT

d. Turn the ON-OFF/RETICLE BRIGHTNESS control clockwise to turn on the lightemitting diode. e. Adjust the light intensity so that the reticle is just visible against the background. Note: Excessive reticle intensifier tube.

brightness

may

damage

the

image-

f. Turn the diopter focus ring (Figure 2) to obtain the clearest image of the reticle pattern. g. Turn the objective focus ring (Figure 2) until the target in the field of view is sharply defined. NOTE: During surveillance or target engagement, the operator must adjust the objective focus to ensure a sharp image at different ranges. 4. Perform after-operation procedures. a. Turn the reticle and tube brightness controls fully counterclockwise. b. Remove both batteries. c. Replace the sight in the carrying case.

GSAT-29

17 June 2001

SARG - GSAT TASK: Inspect AN/PVS-4 for Serviceability, Mount and Remove AN/PVS-4 from an M16 Rifle. CONDITIONS: Given an M16 Rifle, AN/PVS-4, mounting bracket, expended 5.56 mm brass case, in a classroom or on a range. STANDARDS: Each soldier will Inspect for serviceability and clean, if necessary, the AN/PVS-4. Each soldier will mount and remove an AN/PVS-4 from an M16 Rifle. BATTLE FOCUS: Time: 5 - 10 minutes. Type of Instruction: Discussion, Demonstration, Performance. Instructor to Soldier Ratio: 1:8 to 1:12 Reference: FM 23-9, STP 7-11 BCHM 14-SM-TG

1.

Inspect the mounting surfaces of the scope, rifle carry handle, screw and screw hole for serviceability, and clean if necessary. Position the scope on the rifle carry handle with the large end toward the muzzle. Insert and loosely tighten the mounting screw. Note: At this point, the scope can still move slightly front to rear.

2. 3.

4.

Push the scope to its most forward position and hold it there while securely tightening the mounting screw. SARG suggests using an empty piece of 5.56 mm brass case as a lever to help tighten the screw. When the mouth of the brass case begins to bend, the screw is tight enough. Periodically check the position and tightness of the screw while the scope is in use. After use, dismount or remove the scope. Carefully loosen the screw and remove the screw and AN/PVS-4 from the carry handle. Inspect, and clean the scope if necessary, before storing it in its case.

5.

6.

GSAT-30

17 June 2001

SARG - GSAT TASK: Boresight AN/PVS-4 to an M16 Rifle CONDITIONS: Given an M16 rifle, AN/PVS-4, boresight target, in a field environment. STANDARDS: Soldiers will boresight an AN/PVS-4 to an M16 rifle, using field expedient methods. BATTLE FOCUS: It may be necessary to boresight the scope in a combat environment or other environment where rounds can not be fired for the normal zeroing process. Time: 15 min. Type of Instruction: Discussion, Performance. Instructor to Soldier Ratio: 1:4 to 1:9 Training Aids: M16 Rifle, sand bags, 25m zero target Reference: Note: This task is best accomplished using a three-soldier team. Soldier #1 views the boresight point through the barrel, and the target through the AN/PVS-4. Soldier #2 stabilizes the upper receiver of an M16 on a rucksack, sand bag, etc. Soldier #3 makes sight adjustments on the scope.

1. Start with the scope mounted on the rifle, the upper receiver separated from the lower receiver and the bolt removed. Note: ensure that the M16/M203 reticle is installed in the AN/PVS-4. Note: The daylight lense cover must be used for this exercise. Adjust the scope for best vision: Turn the daylight lense cover to the smallest opening depending on the available light. Turn the reticle and tube brightness to the lowest setting that allows good visibility of the reticle and target. Adjust the diopter to make the reticle clear, and the focus to make the target clear.

GSAT-31

17 June 2001

SARG - GSAT 1. Mark a 2.5 cm (1 in) zero point 7 cm below the center of mass of an M16 Rifle 25-meter zero target. Make the zero point by drawing around a quarter or washer and coloring it in with a black marker. Place the target at 25 meters.

Note: If a zero target is not available, use any piece of paper with contrasting target points placed 7 cm, center to center, vertically.

2. Stabilize the upper receiver on a support (rucksack, sand bag, etc.), so that a soldier can view the bore-sight point (lower) through the barrel and the target (upper) through the scope. 3. While the rifle is held so that the lower point is in the center of the bore, raise the head to observe the reticle. Make horizontal and vertical adjustments on the scope until the reticle is center of mass on the upper target. Repeat the observations until the reticle is centered on the upper target and the lower target is centered in the barrel. Confirm the zero with live fire at the earliest opportunity.

Figure 1. Sample 25-meter zeroing target for M16A2

GSAT-32

17 June 2001

SARG - GSAT TASK: Zero an AN/PVS-4 to an M16 rifle, Using the Laser BoreSighting Method. CONDITION: Day or night, given an M16 rifle, an AN/PVS-4, an LMTS laser with a 5.56 mm mandrel, and a boresight target. STANDARD: The soldier will boresight zero the AN/PVS-4 to an M16 rifle at 25 meters, using an LMTS laser. BATTLE FOCUS: In a combat or hostile environment, Passive Vision Sights are employed extensively for night perimeter defense. Many times soldiers assigned to night duty are issued night vision devices such as the AN/PVS-4 but are not issued ammunition to live fire zero the night sight to their assigned rifle. Laser boresighting, using the LMTS laser, is a non-firing method of zeroing a night sight so that a soldier can be reasonably assured of hitting a man-size target out to 200 meters. Time: 15 to 20 minutes Type of Instruction: Demonstration, Discussion, Performance Training Aids: 1. M16 Rifle 2. AN/PVS-4 Scope 3. Calibrated LMTS Laser with 5.56mm Mandrel 4 . 25 Meter Zero Target with Reference Dot Located 7cm below center of mass (Figure 2) 5. Expended 5.56mm Shell Casing References: STP 19-95B1-SM, TM 11-5855-213-10 Note: this task is best performed with a 2-soldier team. One soldier holds the reticle on the upper target, while the other soldier adjusts the azimuth and elevation adjustment actuators until the laser dot is on the lower bore-sight point.

BORE-SIGHT AN/PVS-4 1. Mark a 2.5 cm (1 in) zero point 7 cm below the center of mass of an M16 Rifle 25-meter zero target. Make the zero point by drawing around a quarter or washer and coloring it in with a black marker. Place the target at 25m.

Note: If a zero target is not available, use any piece of paper with contrasting target points placed 7 cm, center to center, vertically.

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17 June 2001

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2. Insert the LMTS laser mandrel into the M16 Rifle barrel. Be sure to lubricate the mandrel with CLP before inserting it into the rifle barrel. 3. Put AN/PVS-4 into operation as prescribed in the operators manual. 4. Turn the laser to continuous beam. 5. In an area with dim light and an exact distance of 25 meters, place a bore-sight zero target at one end. Assume a prone supported position with sand bags or similar items for support. Aim the reticle at center of mass of the 25 meter zero target. 6. Adjust the elevation and azimuth adjustment actuators until the laser dot is 7 cm below the center of the zero target while the reticle is centered on the upper target. Confirm the zero with live fire at the earliest opportunity.

Figure 1. Sample 25-meter zeroing target for M16A2

GSAT-34

17 June 2001

SARG - GSAT TASK: Engage Targets with an M16 Rifle using a Night Vision Sight AN/PVS-4 (071-315-2308) CONDITIONS: At night, on a field fire range. Given an M16 Rifle equipped with AN/PVS-4; 30 rounds of 5.56 mm ball ammunition (3 magazines of 10 rounds each); and E-type silhouettes at 75, 175, and 300 meters. STANDARDS: Each soldier will have 60 seconds for each target. 75 meters: 7 hits for 10 rounds 175 meters: 5 hits for 10 rounds 300 meters: 2 hits for 10 rounds BATTLE FOCUS: Soldiers may be required to determine range and engage targets at night or in reduces light. Time: Type of Instruction: Lecture and Performance Instructor to Soldier Ratio: 1:20 Reference: FM 23-9

1. Place the AN/PVS-4 in operation and adjust the focus for the mid-range target (175 M). 2. Reticle Use. a. Use the upper part of the reticle to determine range to target. b. Use the lower part of the reticle for aiming. Note: For use of the range finding reticle, refer to the 11B Soldier manual. 3. Hold the central part of the aiming reticle on the center of mass of each target to 300 meters.

GSAT-35

17 June 2001

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AIMING POINT 0 TO 250 METERS

AIMING POINT 400 METERS AIMING POINT 500 METERS

Figure 1. Zero aiming point

Figure 2. Sample 25-meter zeroing target for M16A2

GSAT-36

17 June 2001

SARG - GSAT TASK: Mount and Zero an AN/PVS-4 to an M249 Automatic Rifle, Night Fire CONDITIONS: Day or Night. Given M249, AN/PVS-4, 25 M zero target, E-type silhouettes, Calibrated LMTS laser with 5.56 mm mandrel if available, Sand bags or other support, Range and Linked 5.56 ball ammunition if live fire.. STANDARDS: The Soldiers will zero the AN/TVS-4 to an M249, using several methods. Use live fire, Boresight, LMTS Boresight if LMTS is available BATTLE FOCUS: It may be necessary to zero for night operations or to engage targets at night or in reduced light. Time: Type of Instruction: Lecture, Demonstration, Performance Instructor to Soldier Ratio: 1:12 Training Aids: Reference: FM 23-14

1. Mount the AN/PVS-4 on an M249. a. Place the mounting bracket on top of the feed cover assembly, so that the two front hooks are secured around the headless pins. Note: Use care when aligning the mounting screws with the holes in the AN/PVS-4 and in the feed cover, to prevent cross threading and damage to the threads. b. Remove the screw cover (plug) from behind the rear sight, and screw the bracket knob in until it is tight. c. Position the scope on top of the bracket, so that the mounting hole of the scope aligns with the mounting knob and screw. d. Turn the mounting knob until the screw is tight. Note: If on a live fire range, perform the next step. e. Fire a three-round burst down range to seat the mount and scope. Retighten the bracket and scope mounting screws. Repeat this step. GSAT-37
17 June 2001

SARG - GSAT

2. Boresight Zero. Note: : This task is best accomplished using a three-soldier team. Soldier #1 views the boresight point through the barrel, and the target through the AN/PVS-4. Soldier #2 stabilizes the receiver and barrel group of an M249 on a rucksack, sand bag, etc. Soldier #3 makes sight adjustments on the scope. a. Remove the buttstock and the operating rod group, so that a soldier can look through the bore. Note: ensure that the M16/M203 reticle is installed in the AN/PVS-4. Note: The daylight lense cover must be used for this exercise. Adjust the scope for best vision: Turn the daylight lense cover to the smallest opening depending on the available light. Turn the reticle and tube brightness to the lowest setting that allows good visibility of the reticle and target. Adjust the diopter to make the reticle clear, and the focus to make the target clear. b. Latch the feed cover. c. Mark a 2.5 cm (1 in) zero point 8 cm below and 2 cm to the right of the center of mass of an M16 25 M zero target. Make the zero point by drawing around a quarter or washer and coloring it in with a black marker. Place the target at 25 meters.

Note: If a zero target is not available, use any piece of paper with contrasting target points placed 8 cm, center to center, vertically; with the lower point 2 cm to the right.

d. Stabilize the receiver and barrel group on a support (rucksack, sand bag, etc.), so that a soldier can view the bore-sight point (lower) through the barrel and the target (upper) through the scope. e. While the receiver and barrel group is held so that the lower point is in the center of the bore, raise the head to observe the reticle. Make horizontal and vertical adjustments on the scope until the reticle is center of mass on the upper target. Repeat the observations until the reticle is centered on the upper target and the lower target is centered in the barrel. Confirm the zero with live fire at the earliest opportunity.

GSAT-38

17 June 2001

SARG - GSAT

3. LMTS Bore-sight Zero an AN/PVS-4 to an M249. Note: ensure that the M16/M203 reticle is installed in the AN/PVS-4. Note: The daylight lense cover must be used for this exercise. Adjust the scope for best vision: Turn the daylight lense cover to the smallest opening depending on the available light. Turn the reticle and tube brightness to the lowest setting that allows good visibility of the reticle and target. Adjust the diopter to make the reticle clear, and the focus to make the target clear. a. Place a lubricated 5.56 mm mandrel with a calibrated LMTS laser in the bore of the M249. b. Mark a 2.5 cm (1 in) zero point, 8 cm below and 2 cm to the right of the center of mass of an M16 25 M zero target. Make the zero point by drawing around a quarter or washer and coloring it in with a black marker. Place the target at 25 meters in an area with dim light, such as the shadow of a wall. Note: If a zero target is not available, use any piece of paper with contrasting target points placed 8 cm, center to center, vertically; with the lower point 2 cm to the right. c. The gunner assumes a supported position, and holds the reticle on the center of mass of the target. d. A second soldier adjusts the elevation and azimuth adjustment actuators until the laser dot is 8 cm below the center and 2 cm to the right of the zero target, while the reticle is centered on the upper target. Confirm the zero with live fire at the earliest opportunity.

GSAT-39

17 June 2001

SARG - GSAT

4. Live-Fire Zero an AN/PVS-4 to an M249 at 25 meters. Note: Periodically check the tightness of the mounting screws during a firing exercise. Note: 30 rounds are allowed for zero, 6 rounds in 2 or 3 bursts to seat the sights, 12 single rounds to adjust zero, and 12 rounds in 3 round bursts to confirm zero. a. Hold the reticle on the center of mass, and fire single rounds at the 25 M target. b. Adjust the elevation and azimuth adjustment actuators to get hits 8 cm below and 2 cm to the right of the center of mass. c. Confirm the zero with 3 round bursts, preferably at 300 meters at night.

5. Live-Fire Zero an AN/PVS-4 to an M249 at 300 meters. Note: Periodically check the tightness of the mounting screws during a firing exercise. Note: 30 rounds are allowed for zero, 6 rounds in 2 or 3 bursts to seat the sights, 12 single rounds to adjust zero, and 12 rounds in 3 round bursts to confirm zero. a. Fire single rounds at a 300 meter target. b. Adjust the elevation and azimuth adjustment actuators based on observations of a spotter to get hits on the 300 meter target. c. Confirm the zero with 3 round bursts, preferably at night.

6. Instructional Night Fire. Note: Five E-Type silhouttes targets are exposed with no time limit: 2 at 100 meters; and 1 each at 200, 300, and 400 meters. Targets will fall when hit. Fire 30 rounds at five targets (2 3-round bursts can be fired at each target) with no time limit.

GSAT-40

17 June 2001