Chapter 4 9

Chapter 4 Atomic Structure

A. Multiple Choice Questions

2. (a) Ne, gas, non-metal
1. D. Carbon (b) I, solid, non-metal
2. A. (1) and (3) only (c) S, solid, non-metal
3. A. B (d) B, solid, metalloid
4. C. (1), (2) and (4) only (e) Be, solid, metal
5. C. 16 protons, the atomic number of 16 (f) Ge, solid, metalloid
and the mass number of 31.
6. D. Atoms of different elements must 3. (a) Aluminium, solid, metal
have different numbers of protons. (b) Phosphorus, solid, non-metal
7. B. (1) and (3) only (c) Bromine, liquid, non-metal
8. B. 69.8 (d) Manganese, solid, metal
9. C. 207.3 (e) Lithium, solid, metal
10. C. 17. (f) Chromium, solid, metal
11. A. True, True 4. (a) Mercury because it is a liquid while
B. Fill in the Blanks others are solids at room conditions.
(b) Diamond because it is a pure
1. Element / An element element while others are
2. Atom / An atom, properties compounds.
3. chemical symbol (c) Steel because it is a mixture while
4. metals, non-metals, metalloids (or others are elements.
semi-metals) 5. Sub-atomic Relative Relative Position
5. Electrons, neutrons, protons Symbol
particle mass charge in atom
6. mass number
Inside
7. isotopes Neutron n 1 0
nucleus
Inside
Proton p 1 +1
C. Comprehensive Questions nucleus
1 Around
1. Poor electrical conductivity / Poor heat Electron e 1 nucleus
1840
conductivity / non-malleable and
non-ductile but brittle for solid / Low
melting and boiling point / Low density / 6. (a) The carbon-12 isotope is used as a
Produces a low sound when hit (Any reference standard to determine the
three) relative masses of other atoms or
molecules.
(b) Relative atomic mass
7. Let P % and (100  P) % be the relative
abundance of 79 81
35 Br and 35 Br

respectively.

Chapter 04 Solutions (EE).doc

10 Part 2

79P  81(100  P) (c) 2, 8, 8, 1

= 79.9
100
8100  2P = 7990
P = 55
Relative abundance of 79
35 Br = 55%
81
Relative abundance of 35 Br = 45%

8  9. HKCEE Questions
10. Isotopic mass is the mass of an isotope of 14. (a) A: 2 ; B: 2, 8 ; C: 2, 8, 2
1 (b) Their outermost electron shells are
an element relative to the mass of of completely filled.
12
12 (c) Both have 2 electrons in the
a 6 C atom.
outermost electron shell.
11. Relative atomic mass of an element is the 15. (a)
weighted average mass of all natural
isotopes of an element relative to the mass Atom A B C D E
1 Atomic
of of a 126 C atom. 15 6 17 19 6
number
12
Mass
31 12 35 39 14
12. HKCEE Question number
Number of
13. (a) 2, 8, 4 15 6 17 19 6
protons
Number of
16 6 18 20 8
neutrons
Number of
15 6 17 19 6
electrons
Symbol of 31 12 35 35 14
15 A 6B 17 C 19 D 6E
isotope
Electronic
2, 8, 5 2, 4 2, 8, 7 2, 8, 8, 1 2, 4
(b) 2, 8, 2 arrangement
(b) A: phosphorus, B: carbon,
C: chlorine, D: potassium, E: carbon
(c) A: non-metal, B: non-metal,
C: non-metal, D: metal,
E: non-metal
(d) A: solid, B: solid, C: gas, D: solid,
E: solid
(e) B and E belong to the same element,
carbon. They are isotopes.

Chapter 04 Solutions (EE).doc

 Chapter 4 11

16. (a) Let M be the mass number of the 17. (a)

other isotope of neon (labelled B).
Relative atomic mass of neon = 20.2
20  90.0  M  10.0
= 20.2
100
M = 22
(b) 10
(c) Number of neutrons of isotope (b) 16
labelled (c) Sulphur
A = 20  10 = 10 (d) No. The outermost electron shell of
Number of neutrons of isotope the atoms of noble gas should be
labelled completely filled. However, atoms
B = 22  10 = 12 of element X do not.
(d)

(e) The outermost electron shell of each

neon atom has been completely
filled by 8 electrons. The neon
atoms have attained a stable octet.

Chapter 04 Solutions (EE).doc