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Thermoplastics are plastics that can be softened or melted by heating and hardened by cooling repeatedly. Urea-methanal is a thermosetting plastic which cannot be softened again by heating. Polyvinyl chloride is a continuous method to produce elongated fibres for shirts made of polyvinil chloride.
Thermoplastics are plastics that can be softened or melted by heating and hardened by cooling repeatedly. Urea-methanal is a thermosetting plastic which cannot be softened again by heating. Polyvinyl chloride is a continuous method to produce elongated fibres for shirts made of polyvinil chloride.
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Thermoplastics are plastics that can be softened or melted by heating and hardened by cooling repeatedly. Urea-methanal is a thermosetting plastic which cannot be softened again by heating. Polyvinyl chloride is a continuous method to produce elongated fibres for shirts made of polyvinil chloride.
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Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
2. Thermosetting plastics are plastics which 1. A. They can be found in all plastics cannot be softened or melted again by produced from condensation heating once they have been set hard. polymerization. Example: Urea-methanal 2. D. (1) and (4) only 3. (a) (i) Polyethene 3. B. Perspex (ii) Blow moulding. For squeeze 4. B. Rope bottles, the necks are usually 5. A. Its structural formula is C3H6. narrower then the bodies. If a 6. D. mould is placed inside a hollow container, the mould cannot be taken out. This is why only blow moulding is suitable. (b) (i) Urea-methanal (ii) Compression moulding. It is especially used for moulding thermosetting plastics (e.g. 7. D. (2) and (3) only urea-methanal) because the 8. D. (1), (2) and (3) heaters in the mould can cause 9. B. (1) and (3) only the plastic to set hard. 10. B. True, True (c) (i) Polyethene / Polystyrene 11. C. False, True (ii) Vacuum forming. It is usually used to make egg boxes from B. Fill in the Blanks thin plastic sheets which are light. 1. Polymers (d) (i) Polyvinyl chloride 2. repeating unit (ii) Extrustion moulding. It is a 3. Monomers continuous method to produce 4. Polymerization elongated fibres for shirts made of polyvinyl chloride. C. Comprehensive Questions 4. (a) (i) Buckets 1. Thermoplastics are plastics that can be (ii) Polyethene softened or melted by heating and (b) (i) Pipes hardened by cooling repeatedly. (ii) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Example: (c) (i) Plastic bag Polyethene / Polyvinyl chloride / (ii) Polyethene Polystyrene / Perspex / Nylon / Polyester (d) (i) Chocolate box tray (Any one) (ii) Polystyrene
Chapter 34 Solutions (EE).doc
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(e) (i) Ash tray 7. Addition polymerization refers to
(ii) Urea-methanal chemical reactions in which monomer molecules join together to form polymer 5. (a) Condensation polymerization molecules. During the reaction, there is no (b) The plastic is a thermoplastic plastic elimination of small molecules. The only because it can be softened on gentle product is the polymer. heating. Example: (c) Polyethene / Polyvinyl chloride / Polystyrene / Perspex (Any one) Condensation polymerization refers to chemical reactions in which monomer molecules join together to form polymer molecules with the elimination of small (d) No. This is because it can be molecules, e.g. H2O and HCl. softened easily by heat. Example: Nylon / Polyester / Urea-methanal 6. (a) (Any one)
8. (a) B. Both B and D are transparent but
B is hard and brittle which is similar to glass. However, D is rigid and tough which is different from glass. (b) (b) C. It is flexible but has high tensile strength. (c) Polyethene. It is flexible, light and has a low melting point.
9. (a) NaOH(aq) is a solvent used to
dissolve hexane-1,6-diamine. (c) Polymer: Polychloroethene (or Volasil is a solvent used to dissolve polyvinyl chloride) hexanedioyl dichloride. Monomer: Chloroethene (or vinyl (b) 1. Potential hazard: chloride) NaOH(aq) is corrosive. (d) Safety precaution: Wear protective gloves. 2. Potential hazard: Volasil is harmful. Safety precaution: Perform the experiment in a well-ventilated laboratory. (e) Floor tiles / Thin sheets / Films for Wear protective gloves. shower curtains and rain coats / 3. Potential hazard: Artificial leathers (Any one) Hexane-1,6-diamine and hexanedioyl dichloride are flammable and harmful.
Perform the experiment in a the appearance of the natural well-ventilated laboratory. scenery, especially the (Any two) recreational and country areas. (c) 2. If plastics are disposed of in the sea and rivers, they may kill aquatic life directly. When sea animals swallow plastics, they may suffocate. 3. In the manufacture of plastics, some additives such as plasticizers, dye, and stabilizers are added. On disposal, they are released and pollute the air and water. (Any two) (d) This is because nylon is strong and (d) Incineration / Landfilling (Any one) tough, and it does not break easily. (e) Incineration (e) Textile fibres for clothes / Ropes / Advantage: Fishing lines / Nets / Carpets 1. It is a cheap and easy way to (Any one) clear up the plastic waste. (f) Flexible / Strong / Tough (Any one) 2. It can reduce the volume of the waste by about 85 %. 10 12. HKCEE Questions (Any one) Disadvantage: 13. (a) 1. Inexpensive (compared with 1. It produces pollutants harmful metals, wood, glass, porcelain) to mankind such as dark 2. Flexible (for thermoplastics smoke, carbon monoxide (CO) only) and acidic gas (e.g. HCl, Cl2). 3. Easily moulded into different 2. Hydrogen chloride gas and shapes chlorine gas produced in the 4. Strong but light burning of PVC can cause acid 5. Good insulators of heat and rain. electricity (Any one) 6. Can be dyed easily to give Landfilling attractive colours Advantage: 7. Resistant to chemicals (e.g. It produces much less air pollutants concentrated acids and alkalis, compared with incineration. and solvents) Disadvantage: 8. Resistant to the attack of 1. The non-biodegradable plastic micro-organisms such as waste hinders the circulation of bacteria (i.e. air and water underground in non-biodegradable) landfill sites. This provides a (Any two) good environment for the (b) This is because most plastics are decomposition of organic matters non-biodegradable. to produce toxic marsh gas.
Chapter 34 Solutions (EE).doc
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2. Landfilling occupies a lot of
land which is not readily available in Hong Kong. (Any one)
14. (a) This ensures that the plastic waste
would not undergo combustion to give out carbon dioxide and water. (b) Methane / Ethane / Propene / Benzene (Any one) (c) Fractional distillation (d) Advantage of pyrolysis of plastics over direct recycling of plastics: Pyrolysis does not require the separation of various plastics. Advantage of pyrolysis of plastics over recycling of energy: Pyrolysis can regenerate useful materials such as ethene and propene. (e) 1. Use alternative materials instead of plastics 2. Use degradable plastics 3. Reduce the use of plastic products 4. Reuse plastic products 5. Recycle plastic products (Any two)