014 ToolSteel

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TOOL STEEL
COLD WORK TECHNICAL INFORMATION AISI A2 ...............................................................................14-2 AISI A6 ...............................................................................14-3 AISI D2...............................................................................14-4 AISI D3...............................................................................14-5 AISI D5...............................................................................14-6 AISI DC53 ..........................................................................14-7 AISI O1 ..............................................................................14-8 AISI O6 ..............................................................................14-9 AISI L6 .............................................................................14-10 AISI S1 ............................................................................. 14-11 AISI S5 .............................................................................14-12 AISI S7 .............................................................................14-13 AISI S7 ESR ....................................................................14-14 AISI P20 ...........................................................................14-15 AISI T420 STAINLESS ESR ............................................14-16 AISI W2 ............................................................................14-17 AISI H13...........................................................................14-18 VISCOUNT 44 ................................................................14-19 AISI M2 ............................................................................14-20 AISI M3 ............................................................................14-21 AISI M3 TYPE 2 (PM) ......................................................14-22 AISI M4 (PM) ...................................................................14-23 AISI M42 ..........................................................................14-24 AISI T15 (PM) ..................................................................14-25 KPM SUPER SQUARE A2, D2, O1, S7 .................................................................14-26 HEAT TREATING Notes.............................................................. 14-27 thru 14-28 TOOL WRAP Grade Available................................................................14-28 SIZE CHARTS Flats and Squares .......................................... 14-29 thru 14-31 Rounds.............................................................................14-32 TOLERANCES ...................................................... 14-33 thru 14-35
14-1
Alro delivers...everyday
AISI A2
An air-hardening tool steel containing five percent chromium. Replaces the oil hardening (O1 type) when safer hardening, less distortion and increased wearresistance are required. Provides an intermediate grade between the oil hardening and the high carbon, high chromium (D2) types.
DCF
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Large Blanking Dies, Thread Roller Dies, Long Punches, Rolls, Master Hubs, Trimming Dies, Forming Dies, Precision Tools, Gauges, Coining Dies, Extrusion Dies, Mandrels, Shear Blades and Slitters.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Nickel (Ni)
TYPE A2 (UNS T30102)

.95/1.05 1.00 max .50 max
.90/1.40 4.75/5.50 .15/.50 .30 max 1850-2000F (1010-1093C) 1650F (899C) Do not normalize 1550-1600F (843-871C) 40F (22C) 201-235 Slowly 1450 F (788C) 1700-1800F (927-962C) 20-45 (j) A (I) 350-1000F (177-538C) 57-62 High Medium Medium to High Deep Medium Medium Lowest Highest Medium
FORGING (a) Start forging at Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
Refer to pp. 14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-2
AISI A6
A6 is an air-hardening, non-deforming tool steel that combines the deep hardening characteristics of air-hardening steels with the simplicity of low temperature heat treatment possible in many of the oil-hardening grades.
Blanking Dies, Precision Tools, Forming Dies, Coining Dies, Master Hubs, Shear Blades, Plastic Molds, Spindles, Mandrels, Heavy Duty Punches.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at
TYPE A6 (UNS T30106)

.65/.75 1.80/2.50 .50 max .90/1.40 .90/1.20 .30 max 1900-2050F (1038-1213C) 1600F (871C) Do not normalize 1350-1375F (732-746C) 25F (14C) 217-248 Slowly 1200F (649C) 1525-1600F (829-871C) 20-45 (j) A (I) 300-800F (149-427C) 54-60 Low to Medium Medium to High Medium Deep Low to Medium Medium Lowest Highest Medium to High
Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
14-3
AISI D2
D2 is an air-hardening, high carbon, high chromium tool steel with extremely high wear resisting properties. It is a very deep hardening steel and will be practically free from size change after proper treatment. The high percentage of chromium gives it mild corrosion-resisting properties in the hardened condition.
Blanking Dies, Forming Dies, Coining Dies, Slitting Cutters, Heading Tools, Long Punches, Forming Rolls, Edging Rolls, Master Tools, Beading Rolls, Intricate Punches, Extrusion Dies, Drawing Dies, Lamination Dies, Thread Rolling Dies, Shear Blades, Burnishing Tools, Gauges, Knurls, Wear Parts.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
TYPE D2 (UNS T30402)

1.40/1.60 .60 max .60 max
.70/1.20 11.00/13.00 1.10 max 1.00 max .30 max 1850-2000F (1010-1093C) 1700F (927C) Do not normalize 1600-1650F (871-899C) 40F (22C) 217-255 Very Slowly 1500F (816C) 1800-1875F (982-1024C) 15-45 (j) A (I) 400-1000F (204-538C) 54-61 High to Very High Low Medium to High Deep Low Low Lowest Highest Medium
14-4
AISI D3
Oil-hardening D3 has outstanding resistance to deformation, distortion, and shrinkage in heat treatment. It holds size nearly as well as air-hardening steels. It is one of the hardest tool steels in existence and retains a keen edge longer than tools made from other carbon or even high-speed steels. The deep-hardening property of D3 assures maximum hardness penetration right through to the tool center. D3 has superior resistance to wear and abrasion imparted by a rich complex of hard, uniformly-dispersed chromium carbides in the matrix. It is unsurpassed for high production die work, where long life is a primary requirement and where a minimum of shock is encountered (as in forming operations). The extreme hardness and abrasion resistance of D3 makes it somewhat more difficult to machine than lower carbon grades, but its deep hardening capacity assures uniform, economical, high-production form dies even after several regrinds. In addition, D3 has considerable resistance to corrosion and rust.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION

2.00/2.35 .60 max .60 max 1.00 max 11.00/13.50 1.00 max .30 max 1850-2000F (1010-1093C) 1700F (927C) Do not normalize 1600-1650F (871-899C) 40F (22C) 217-255 Very Slowly 1500F (816C) 1700-1800F (927-982C) 15-45 (j) O (I) 400-1000F (204-538C) 54-61 Very High Very Low Medium to High Deep Very Low Very Low Low Medium to High Low to Medium
14-5
AISI D5
D5 is a high carbon, high chromium die steel with more than 3% cobalt. Cobalt imparts a pronounced secondary hardening effect in tempering. This nondeforming, air-hardening steel has both superior abrasion resistance and greater edge strength than ordinary high carbon, high chromium die steels. The addition of cobalt also gives D5 a non-galling property perfect for forming and drawing stainless steels as well as thick sheet stock for auto bumpers, shovels and truck frame parts. Impact strength of D5 is phenomenalover twice that of standard high carbon, high chromium steels. D5 is thus ideal for heavy blanking dies.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS

1.40/1.60 .60 max .60 max
.70/1.20 11.00/13.00 1.00 max 2.50/3.50 .30 max 1850-2000F (1010-1093C) 1700F (927C) Do not normalize 1600-1650F (871-899C) 40F (22C) 223-255 Very Slowly 1500F (816C) 1800-1875F (982-1024C) 15-45 (j) A (I) 400-1000F (204-538C) 54-61 High to Very High Low High Deep Low Low Lowest Highest Medium
14-6
AISI DC53
DC53 is a general purpose, cold work die and mold steel whose strength and toughness approach those of high-speed steels.
Forming Dies, Thread Rolling Dies, Cold Forging Dies, Gauges, Plastic Molds, Stepped Punch and Press Punching Dies.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at Do not forge below
TYPE DC53
.95 2.00 8.00 .25
1100C 900C
NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
830C - 880C 40F (22C) 255 Slowly 800C - 850C) 1020 C - 1040C 15 - 45 Air, Gas 520-550C 64-58 High to Very High High High Through Harden High High Low High High
14-7
AISI O1
O1 is an oil-hardening, non-deforming tool steel which can be hardened at relatively low temperatures. Tools and dies made from O1 will have good wearing qualities since the tungsten and higher chromium content gives improved wear resistance over the straight manganese grades.
Blanking Dies, Bushings, Forming Dies, Master Tools, Forming Rolls, Gauges, Trim Dies.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
TYPE O1 (UNS T31501)

.85/1.00 1.00/1.40 .50 max .40/.60 .40/.60 .30 max .30 max 1800-1950F (982-1066C) 1550F (843C) 1600F (871 C) 1400-1450F (760-788C) 40F (22C) 183-212 Slowly 1200F (649C) 1450-1500F (788-816C) 10-30 0 (I) 350-500F (177-260C) 57-62 Medium Medium Low Medium High High Low Medium to High High
Do not forge below
14-8
AISI O6
O6 is an oil-hardening cold work steel which has outstanding machinability resulting from small particles of graphitic carbon uniformly distributed throughout the steel. These particles increase resistance to wear and galling in service. For an oil-hardening steel, 06 holds size well during heat treating.
Blanking Dies, Piercing Dies, Drawing Dies, Pneumatic Hammers, Forming Dies, Spinning Tools, Punches, Stamps, Gauges, Wear Plates, Cams, Rotary Slitting Cutters.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at
TYPE O6 (UNS T31506)

1.25/1.55 .30/1.10 .55/1.50 .20/.30 .30 max .30 max 1800-1950F (982-1066C) 1500F (816C) 1600F (871 C) 1400-1450F (766-788C) 20F (11C) 183-217 Slowly 1450-1500F (788-816C) 10-30 0 (I) 350-600F (177-316C) 58-63 Medium Medium Low Medium Highest High Low Medium to High High
Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
14-9
AISI L6
L6 is a tough, oil-hardening tool steel possessing a fine-grained structure and desirable shock resistance. L6 is also associated with high strength and good nondeforming characteristics.
Forming Rolls, Spindles, Punches, Trim Dies, Blanking Dies, Embossing Dies, Forming Dies, and Shear Blades.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
TYPE L6 (UNS T61206)

.65/.75 .25/.80 .50 max .50 max .60/1.20 .30 max 1.25/2.00
Do not forge below
1800-2000F (982-1093C) 1550F (843C) 1600F (871 C) 1400-1450F (760-788C) 40F (22C) 183-255 Slowly 1450-1550F (788-843C) 10-30 (j) 0 (I) 350-1000F (177-538C) 45-62 Medium Very High Low Medium Medium High Low Medium High
14-10
AISI S1 is a medium carbon tool steel containing tungsten, chromium and vanadium. The beneficial effects of these alloys are well known and, when added to steel of this carbon content in a properly balanced proportion, they impart an excellent combination of moderate hardness and high toughness. S1 is easy to heat treat and can be oil quenched from a wide temperature range. When the steel is oil quenched, it shows little tendency to move or distort. Occasionally a tool steel is required that has a very high toughness value and at the same time a surface of near file hardness. For such applications, S1 can be carburized to produce a wear-resisting surface without loss of the high strength and high toughness of the core. Carburized S1 has solved some intricate tool steel problems when no other type of tool steel would prove satisfactory. Since S1 combines to a good degree both toughness and hardness, it is adapted to wide use. It is excellent for chisels, punches, and pneumatic tools; certain types of hot working dies such as square heading dies for bolts; and for upset dies and dies which are subjected to shock and water cooling.
AISI S1
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo). Chromium(Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at
TYPE S1 (UNS T41901)

.40/.55 .10/.40 .15/1.20 1.50/3.00 .50 max 1.00/1.80 .15/.30 .30 max 1850-2050F (1010-1121C) 1600F (871 C) Do not normalize 1450-1500F (788-816C) 40F (22C) 183-229 Slowly 1200F (649C) 1650-1750F (899-954C) 15-45 0 (I) 400-1200F (204-649C) 40-58 Low to Medium Very High Medium Medium Medium Medium to High Medium High Low
Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, Max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
14-11
AISI S5
S5 is an oil-hardening silicon-manganese steel of medium carbon content especially adapted for punches, shear blades, chisels, and other shock resisting applications. S5 is therefore applicable where the properties of silicon-manganese steels are desired in combination with well-known advantages of oil-hardening steels. A reduced tendency to distort or crack in heat treatment is accordingly combined with high toughness in S5.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) FORGING (a) Start forging at

.50/.65 .60/1.00 1.75/2.25 .20/1.35 .35 max .35 max
1850-2050F (1010-1121C) 1600F (871C) Do not normalize 1425-1475F (774-802C) 25F (14C) 192-229 Slowly 1400F (760C) 1600-1700F (871-927C) 5-20 0 (I) 350-800F (177-427C) 50-60 Low to Medium Highest Low Medium Medium to High Medium to High Medium High Low
14-12
AISI S7
AISI S7 is a general purpose air-hardening tool steel with high impact and shock resistance. It has good resistance to softening at moderately high temperatures. This combination of properties makes it suitable for many hot work and cold work applications. Excellent combination of high strength and toughness. Useful in moderate hot work as well as cold work work tooling. Added size stability when air hardened.
Bull Riveters, Concrete Breakers (Moll Points), Riveting Dies, Powder Metal Dies, Notching Dies, Dowels, Drills, Drill Plates, Hubs, Plastic Mold Dies, Cold Forming Dies, Blanking Dies, Bending Dies, and Master Hobs.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS

.45/.55 .20/.80 .20/1.00
1.30/1.80 3.00/3.50 .30 max
Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (C) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature (Do not temper below 400oF) Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
1950-2050F (1066-1121C) 1700F (927C) Do not normalize 1500-1550F (816-843C) 25F (14C) 187-223 Slowly 1200-1300F (649-704C) 1700-1750F (927-954C) 15-45 (j) A or O (I) 400-1150F (204-621C) 45-57 Low to Medium Very High High Medium to Deep Medium to High Medium to High A: Lowest /O: Low A: Highest /O: High Medium
14-13
AISI S7 ESR
S7 ESR tool steel is specifically designed for use in molds and other applications where a highly polished or a very smooth finish is required. The ESR (Electro Slag Remelt) process removes most of the non-metallic inclusions in the steel. S7 ESR double melt's relatively low carbon level, fortified chemistry, ultra-clean, uniform, and homogeneous internal structure make it superior to the other conventionally manufactured shock-resisting tool steels. The following charts show microcleanliness ratings of ESR tool steels by ASTM E45, Method D: Typical Microcleanliness Thin Heavy Maximum Rated Microcleanliness Thin Heavy A <0.5 <0.5 A 1.5 1.0 B <0.5 <0.5 B 1.5 1.0 C <0.5 <0.5 C 2.0 1.0 D 1.0 1.0 D 1.5 1.0
The quality control of the S7 ESR process assures the exceptional cleanliness throughout by removing most harmful inclusions in the material (such as, oxides, nitrides and sulfides). The ESR steel produced will reflect a mirror like surface condition, subsequently reducing friction giving you easier ejection of parts, the elimination of minute scratches, and other stress-raisers that could lead to premature die failures. The higher quality steel produced by special melt practices imparts a most important characteristicfreedom of inclusions and other imperfections. Other advantages include: cleanliness, stability, improved mechanical properties, structures relatively free from segregation resulting in less cracking, and quality assurance by ultrasonic testing of all ESR material produced.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr)
TYPE S7 ESR
.50 .60 .65 1.40 3.25
ANNEALING (C) When properly annealed, this steel has a machinability rating of 95 as compared to a 1% carbon steel rated at 100. TEMPERING Tempering Rockwell C As Quenched ............................................................................. 60 400oF .......................................................................................... 58 500oF .......................................................................................... 56 600oF .......................................................................................... 55 700oF .......................................................................................... 54 800oF .......................................................................................... 53 900oF .......................................................................................... 52 1000oF ........................................................................................ 51 1100oF ........................................................................................ 47 1200oF ........................................................................................ 38
1" specimen, 3 long were air-hardened from 1725oF. Material may become brittle when tempered at less than 400oF.
HARDENING - For hardening information refer to p. 14-13.
14-14
AISI P20
PREHARDENED
P20 is a chrome-moly tool steel made specifically to fill the requirements for the machined cavities and forces used in zinc die casting and plastic molding. It is delivered fully quenched and tempered to approximately Brinell 300. Other hardness levels may be obtained through additional heat treatment. P20 composition and structure provide excellent machining and polishing characteristics.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
TYPE P20 (UNS T51620)

0.35 0.80 0.50 0.45 1.70
2000oF (1093oC) 1700oF (927oC) Do not normalize 1450-1500oF (788-816oC) 30oF per hour to 1000oF 207 max. Slowly None 1500-1600oF (816-871oC) 60 min. per inch of thick. O (l) 300-1200oF (149-649oC) 26-54 Low to Medium Very High High Medium to Deep Medium Medium Low High High
14-15
AISI T420 STAINLESS ESR

AISI T420 ESR is an air or oil hardening mold steel having superior internal steel cleanliness combined with good resistance to corrosion. It is suitable for mold applications and is capable of providing an excellent polished surface. A special remelting process called Electro Slag Refining or ESR provides a 420 type steel with the very low inclusion content required by mold makers who polish mold surfaces.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
TYPE T420 (UNS S42000)

Over 0.15 1.00 max 1.00 max .03 max .03 max 12.00/14.00
1600-1650oF (871-899oC) 192-241 1350-1450oF (735-788oC) 1850-1950oF (1110-1066oC) A (l) 450-750oF (232-399oC) 49-53 Low Medium Good Medium Medium Good Low High Medium
14-16
W2 is a shallow hardening tool steel. Due to its vanadium content, the grain is superior in toughness and resistance to fatigue compared to straight carbon tool steels thereby making it desirable for many types of impact tools.
AISI W2
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
TYPE W2 (UNS T27302)

.85/1.50 .10/.40 .10/.40 .15 max .10 max .15 max .15/.35 .20 max 1800-1950F (982-1066C) 1500F (816C) 1450-1700F (d) 1360-1450F(d) (738-788C) 40F (22C) 156-201 Slowly (g) 1400-1550F (e) (760-843C) 10-30 B or W (I) 350-650F (177-343C) 50-64 Low to Medium High (I) Low Shallow Highest Highest High Low to Medium Highest
14-17
H13 is a 5% chromium hot work tool steel designed for applications that require extreme toughness combined with good red-hardness. H13 will allow an extra margin of safety in tools subject to heavy hammer blows, and those containing deep recesses or sharp corners. Although H13 was designed as a hot work steel, it has solved many cold work applications where extra toughness could be gained with some sacrifice of wear resistance.
AISI H13
Aluminum Extrusion Dies, Die Casting Dies, Heavy Duty Compression Tools, Forming Punches, Hot Forging Dies, Shear Blades, Plastic Mold Dies, and Bolt Dies.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
TYPE H13 (UNST20813)

.32/.45 .20/.50 .80/1.20
1.10/1.75 4.75/5.50 .80/1.20 .30 max 1950-2100F (1066-1149C) 1650F (899C) Do not normalize 1550-1650F (843-899C) 40F (22C) 192-229 Moderately from preheat 1500F (816C) 1825-1900F (996-1038C) 15-40 (j) A (I) 1000-1200F (k) (538-649C) 38-53 Medium Very High High Deep Medium to High Medium to High Very Low Highest Medium to High
14-18
VISCOUNT 44
PREHARDENED AISI TYPE H13 TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Viscount 44 is fully heat treated H13 hot work steel with carefully controlled and evenly dispersed sulphide additives. It is the same analysis type as Latrobe's popular VDC, but the free-machining sulphides improve the machinability to the point where die work at a hardness of Rockwell C 42-46 is practical. It is thus possible to bypass the risk of heat treatment involved in tool building. Prehardening gives Viscount 44 a tremendous advantage when used for hot work dies because of the constant danger of size change or distortion during heat treatment. The product also eliminates costly finishing operations after heat treatment. Using prehardened Viscount 44 for extrusion tools makes it possible to produce dies, backers, bolsters, dummy blocks, etc. in a few hours, allowing extremely short delivery schedules to be met. In addition, the use of prehardened Viscount 44 for extrusion dies ensures clean metal at the bearing surfaces free from any possible decarburization, carburization, scale, sub-scale or other deleterious conditions sometimes encountered when finished dies are heat treated. Field tests show that Viscount 44's performance in aluminum, magnesium, and zinc die casting dies is at best the equivalent of regular H13. Particular examples have shown that over 100,000 shots can be obtained in large dies and over 200,000 shots in smaller dies. Field reports also indicate excellent performance with Viscount 44 on forging dies, plastic molds, extrusion tools, and other hot work tools.
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Cobalt (Co) TEMPERING Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
VISCOUNT 44
.40 .80 1.00 1.35 5.25 1.00
42-46 Medium Very High High Low Medium
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14-19
M2 is a tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel and is a popular grade for general purpose cutting and non-cutting applications. It has a wider heat-treating range than most of the molybdenum high-speed steels, coupled with a resistance to decarburization that is characteristic of tungsten types. M2 offers an excellent combination of red hardness, toughness, and wear resistance. M2 is available in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. As with all Alro Specialty Metal products, M2 is subjected to a variety of rigid quality control tests and inspection to ensure quality, uniformity, and reliability.
AISI M2
Broaches, Boring Tools, Chasers, Cold Forming Rolls, Cold Heading Inserts, Drills, End Mills, Form Tools, Hobs, Lathe and Planer Tools, Punches, Milling Cutters, Taps, Reamers, and Saws. Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
TYPE M2 (UNS T11302)

.78/.88 .15/.88 .20/.45 5.50/6.75 4.50/5.50 3.75/4.50 1.75/2.20 .30 max
1900-2100F (1038-1149C) 1700F (927C) Do not normalize 1600-1650F (871-899C) 40F (22C) 212-241 Rapidly from preheat 1350-1550F (732-843C) 2175-2250F (h) (1191-1232C) 2-5 O, A, or S (I) 1000-1100F (538-593C) 60-65 Very High Low Very High Deep Medium Low A or S: Low/O: Medium Medium High
Refer to pp.14-27 thru 14-28 for notes (a) to (o) incl., explanation of letter 0, A, S, B and W.
14-20
M3 was developed after extensive studies of the effect of increased carbon and vanadium contents on the intermediate molybdenum-tungsten high-speed steels. The analysis was tried and proven on practically all high-speed steel applications. M3 offers the unusual combination of extremely high-edge strength at high hardness levels. With few exceptions, best life is accomplished with a minimum hardness of 65.5 Rockwell C. Experience indicates that the chemical balance achieved in M3 results in optimum combination of cutting ability, abrasion resistance, edge strength, red hardness, and long service life. M3 is more readily machined and offers less grinding resistance than higher vanadium types.
AISI M3
Drills, Taps, End Mills, Reamers, Counterbores, Broaches, Hobs, Form Tools, Lathe and Planer Tools, Checking Tools, Milling Cutters, Slitting Saws, Punches, Drawing Dies, and Wood Working Knives. Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Nickel (Ni) FORGING (a) Start forging at
TYPICAL ANALYSIS

1.00-1.10 .15-.40 .20-.45 5.00-6.75 4.75-6.50 3.75-4.50 2.25-2.75 .30 max
1900-2100F (1038-1149C) 1700F (927C) Do not normalize 1600-1650F (871-899C) 40F (22C) 223-255 Rapidly from preheat 1350-1550F (732-843C) 2200-2250F (h) (1191-1232C) 2-5 O, A, or S (I) 1000-1100F (538-593C) 61-66 Highest Low Very High Deep Medium Very Low A or S: Low/O: Medium Medium High
14-21
M3T2 PM represents a higher carbon-vanadium modification of the popular AISI M3 high-speed steel. The higher carbon and vanadium provides greater resistance to abrasion while maintaining an optimum combination of cutting ability, edge strength, red hardness, and long service life. M3T2 PM is produced by the powder metallurgy process which provides excellent structural uniformity exhibiting finer carbide particle size while eliminating carbide segregation. In addition, finer and more evenly distributed sulfides provide improved machinability as annealed and excellent grindability as hardened. These unique properties make this ideal material for applications requiring both red hardness and wear resistance.
AISI M3 TYPE 2 (PM)
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
Broaches, Drills, End Mills, Form Tools, Gear Cutters, Hobs, Lathe Tools, Milling Cutters, Punches, and Slitting Saws. Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Sulphur (S) FORGING (a) Start forging at Do not forge below NORMALIZING (b) ANNEALING (c) Temperature
M3 Type 2 PM (UNST11323)
1.20 .30 .40 6.00 6.00 4.25 2.95 .07
Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
1550-1600F (843-871C)
1450-1550F (788-843C) 2210-2240F (h) (1210-1227C) 10-30 O (I) 1000-1100F (538-593C) 62-66 Highest Low Very High Deep Medium High Low Medium Medium
14-22
M4 PM, a member of the molybdenum-tungsten family of high-speed steels, is a special purpose grade which utilizes its higher carbon and vanadium contents to develop excellent abrasion resistance. Produced conventionally, M4 is difficult to machine in the annealed condition and grind in the hardened condition. M4 PM is produced by the powder metallurgy process and allows an addition of .06/.08 sulfur which provides a uniform dispersion of small sulfides throughout the structure and enhances machinability. Coupled with finer carbides and structural uniformity, better grindability is also achieved. These factors, along with increased toughness, are ideally suited for heavy-duty cold-work applications.
AISI M4 (PM)
Blades, Broaches, Chasers, Die Inserts, Form Tools, Lathe and Planer Tools, Milling Cutters, Punches, Reamers, Slitter Knives, Spade Drills, and Taps.
Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Tungsten (W) Molybdenum (Mo) Chromium (Cr) Vanadium (V) Sulphur (S) FORGING (a) Start forging at Do not forge below ANNEALING (c) Temperature
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
TYPE M4 PM (UNS T11304)

1.30 .30 .40 5.50 4.50 4.50 4.00 .07
Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
1550-1600F (843-871C)
1450-1550F (788-843C) 2150-2250F (h) (1176-1232C) 10-30 O (I) 1000-1100F (538-593C) 62-66 Highest Low Very High Deep Medium High Low Medium Medium
14-23
M42 is a molybdenum-cobalt high-speed steel capable of being hardened to 70 Rockwell C. The carbon content is higher than in most high-speed steels, and with this balanced composition, contributes to wear resistance and hot hardness as well as the high hardness capability. M42 exhibits good grindability and relatively good toughness at high hardness levels. M42 is being used for the machining of heat treated materials (high hardness) and high temperature alloys.
AISI M42
Broaches, Circular and Dovetail Form Tools, Drills, End Mills, Lathe Tools, Milling Cutters, Punches, Reamers, Slitting Saws, and Twist Drills.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS

1.05-1.15 .15-.40 .15-.65 1.15-1.85 9.00-10.00 3.50-4.25 .95-1.35 7.75-8.75 .30 max
Do not forge below ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
1900-2100F (1038-1149C) 1700F (927C) 1600-1650F (871-899C) 40F (22C) 235-269 Rapidly from preheat 1350-1550F (733-843C) 2125-2175F (h)(o) (1163-1191C) 2-5 O, A, or S (I) 950-1100F (510-593C) 65-70 Very High to Highest Low Highest Deep Medium Low A or S: Low/O: Medium Low to Medium Low
14-24
T15 PM is a tungsten high-speed steel designed for use in machining operations requiring heavy cuts, high speeds and feeds. Its primary use is in applications requiring the machining of high-hardness heat-treated materials such as high temperature alloys. The high carbon, vanadium, and cobalt contents contribute to good wear resistance, hot hardness and good hardness capabilities. T15 PM is produced by the powder metallurgy process which has resulted in improved quality from the standpoint of structural uniformity, response to heat treatment and grindability. These factors, along with increased toughness, are increased usage in the industry because of its recognized superior cutting ability.
AISI T15 (PM)
Broaches, Chasers, Form Tools, Heavy Duty Cutting Tools, High Production Blades, Milling Cutters, Reamers, and Taps.
TYPICAL ANALYSIS
TYPE T15 PM(UNS T12015)

1.55 .30 .30 12.25 4.00 5.00 5.00
Do not forge below ANNEALING (c) Temperature Rate of cooling, max. per hour Typical annealed hardness, Brinell HARDENING Rate of heating Preheat Temperature Hardening temperature Time at temperature, minutes Quenching medium TEMPERING Tempering temperature Approx. tempered hardness, Rockwell C WEAR RESISTANCE TOUGHNESS RESISTANCE TO SOFTENING EFFECT OF ELEVATED TEMPERATURE DEPTH OF HARDENING MACHINABILITY GRINDABILITY DISTORTION IN HEAT TREATING SAFETY IN HARDENING RESISTANCE TO DECARBURIZATION
1600-1650F (871-899C)
1450-1500F (788-816C) 2175-2225F (h)(o) (1190-1218C)
1000-1100F (538-593C) 66-68 Highest Low Very High Deep Medium High Medium Medium Medium
14-25
KPM SUPER SQUARE
KPM Super Square, with its already-squared edges and tighter tolerances, may reduce your purchased weight, hours of valuable machine time and increases die build efficiency.
M a c h I n e d
Machined
Machined
M a c h I n e d
KPM Super Square Compared to DCF
S a w C u t
Machined
Machined
S a w C u t
Ground or Milled +.015 to +.025 Ground or Milled +.015 to +.025 Saw Cut +.060 to +.187* .002 TIR
KPM
ThICkNESS FINISh ThICkNESS ToLERANCE WIDTh FINISh WIDTh ToLERANCE LENgTh FINISh LENgTh ToLERANCE EDgE SqUARENESS
Ground or Milled +.015 to +.035 Saw Cut +.040 to +.125 Saw Cut +.060 to +.187
DCF
(For chemical analysis information, see index p. 349)
KPM Super Square - Tool Steel Grades A2 D2 01 S7
KPM Super Square - Availability (Flats & Squares)

Available in most thicknesses and widths. Super Square starts at 1/2" thick and 1-1/2" wide up to 12" wide.
KPM Super Square - Tolerances

Thickness: Width: Squareness within: +.015 to+.025 +.015 to+.025 .002" TIR
*Lengths (5-side or 6-side) can be machined to special tolerances if desired.
14-26
HEAT TREATING NOTES

(a) The temperature at which to start heat treating is given as a range, the higher side of which should be used for large sections and heavy or rapid reductions, and the lower side for smaller sections and lighter reduction. As the alloy content of steel increases, the time of soaking at forging temperature increases proportionately. Likewise, as the alloy content increases, it becomes necessary to cool slowly from the maximum heating temperature. With very high alloy steels, such as high-speed steels and air- hardening steels, this slow cooling is imperative in order to prevent cracking and to leave the steel in semi-soft condition. Either furnace cooling or burying in an insulating medium, such as lime, mica, or silocel is satisfactory. (b) The length of time the steel is held after being uniformly heated through at the normalizing temperature varies from about 15 minutes for a small section to about one hour for large sizes. Cooling from the normalizing temperature is done in still air. The purpose of normalizing after forging is to refine the grain structure and to produce a uniform structure throughout the forging. Normalizing should not be confused with low temperature [about 1200F (649C)] annealing used for the relief of residual stresses resulting from heavy machining, bending, and forming. (c) The annealing temperature is given as a range, the upper limit of which should be used for large sections and the lower limit for smaller sections. The length of time the steel is held after being uniformly heated through at the annealing temperature varies from about one hour for light sections and small furnace charges of carbon or low alloy tool steel to about four hours for heavy sections and large furnace charges of high alloy steel. (d) Normalizing, annealing, and hardening temperatures of carbon tool steels are given as ranges as they vary with carbon content. The following temperatures are suggested: Normalizing 0.60 to 0.75% 0.75 to 0.90% 0.90 to 1.10% 1.10 to 1.40% Annealing 0.60 to 0.90% 0.90 to 1.40% 0.60-0.80% 0.85-1.05% 1.10-1.40% (f) C: 1500F (816C) C: 1450F (788C) C: 1600F (871C) C: 1600 to 1700F (871 to 927C) C: 1360 to 1400F (738 to 760C) C: 1400 to 1450F (760 to 788C) C: 1450-1550F (788 to 843C) C: 1425-1550F (774 to 843C) C: 1400-1525F (760 to 829C)
(e) Varies with carbon content as follows:
Toughness decreases with increasing carbon content and depth of hardening.
(g) For large tools and tools having intricate sections, preheating at 1050-1200F (566-649C) is recommended. (h) When high temperature heating is carried out in a salt bath, the range of temperatures should be about 25F (14C) lower than that shown. (j) Times shown apply to open furnace heat treatment. For pack hardening a common rule is to heat for 1/2 hour per inch (25.4 mm) of cross section of the pack.
(k) Double tempering suggested for not less than one hour at temperature each temper.
Continued on next page

14-27
HEAT TREATING NOTES

(I) O: S: A: B: Oil quench Salt bath quench Air Cool Brine quench
W: Water quench (m) Triple tempering suggested for not less than one hour at temperature each temper. (n) When high carbon material is involved, lowering of the hardening temperature an additional 25F (14C) is suggested. This is in addition to the 25F (14C) reduction involving salt bath hardening. (o) Available in two silicon contents, nominally 0.33% and 0.55%. When 0.55% silicon is used, the maximum suggested hardening temperature is 2150F (1177C).
TOOL WRAP
Tool Wrap is a revolutionary new approach to the heat treatment process. Here's how it works: wrap your parts in our special Tool Wrap as you would a package or a sandwich because Tool Wrap can be wrinkled, folded or cut with scissors (.002 thick T321 Stainless). Then place in your furnace and air cool as usual with the Tool Wrap on the material. Try Tool Wrap on all air hardening grades and hot work steels. Consider the following advantages of Tool Wrap: No costly atmosphere or special controls needed. No time consuming Ni chrome box packing. Scale free heat treating. Hardened parts remain scale free, minimizing grinding.
GRADE AVAILABILITY
grade Thickness Maximum Temperature
321 Stainless 309 Stainless
.002" .002"
2000F (1093C) 2240F (1093C)
Tool Wrap edges are extremely sharp, gloves should always be worn when working with Tool Wrap.
Alro-Riverside Grinding Capabilities

Tool Steel Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel Aluminum Machine Bases Weldments Table Tops Bolsters (Including Re-works) Die Parallels (Risers)
14-28
TOOL STEEL FLATS AND SQUARES

Pounds Pounds Size Size (per ft) (per ft) (inches) (inches) 3/8 x 1/2 0.751 1/2 x 6 10.934 3/4 1.083 6-1/2 11.838 1 1.440 7 12.743 1-1/4 1.785 8 14.551 1-3/8 1.931 9 16.360 1-1/2 2.129 10 18.169 1-3/4 2.446 12 21.786 2 2.818 14 25.404 2-1/4 3.101 16 29.021 2-1/2 3.507 5/8 x 5/8 1.500 2-3/4 3.801 3/4 1.780 3 4.196 7/8 2.060 3-1/2 4.885 1 2.340 3-3/4 5.173 1-1/8 2.620 4 5.574 1-1/4 2.900 4-1/2 6.263 1-3/8 3.180 5 6.877 1-1/2 3.460 6 8.327 1-3/4 4.020 6-1/2 8.901 2 4.580 7 9.581 2-1/4 5.139 8 11.086 2-1/2 5.699 9 12.465 2-3/4 6.259 10 13.661 3 6.819 12 16.419 3-1/4 7.379 1/2 x 1/2 0.986 3-1/2 7.939 5/8 1.212 4 9.058 3/4 1.438 4-1/2 10.178 7/8 1.664 5 11.298 1 1.890 5-1/2 12.417 1-1/8 2.116 6 13.537 1-1/4 2.342 6-1/2 14.657 1-3/8 2.568 7 15.776 1-1/2 2.794 8 18.016 1-3/4 3.247 9 20.255 1-7/8 3.473 10 22.495 2 3.699 12 26.973 2-1/4 4.151 3/4 x 3/4 2.123 2-1/2 4.603 7/8 2.456 2-3/4 5.055 1 2.790 3 5.508 1-1/8 3.124 3-1/4 5.960 1-1/4 3.458 3-1/2 6.412 1-3/8 3.791 4 7.316 1-1/2 4.125 4-1/2 8.221 1-3/4 4.793 5 9.125 2 5.460 5-1/2 10.029
DCF Thickness and Width Oversize Ranges : Width (based on thickness) Through 4" thick ...... .035 to .077 oversize Over 4" thick ............ .062 to .124 oversize
DCF
Pounds (per ft) 6.128 6.795 7.463 8.130 8.798 9.465 10.800 12.135 13.470 14.805 16.140 17.475 18.810 21.480 24.150 26.820 32.161 37.501 42.841 53.521 2.853 3.240 3.628 4.015 4.403 4.791 5.566 6.341 7.116 7.891 8.666 9.442 10.217 10.992 12.542 14.093 15.643 17.193 18.744 21.844 24.945 28.046 31.146 37.348
Size (inches) 3/4 x 2-1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4 3 3-1/4 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 6-1/2 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 20 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4 3 3-1/4 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 7 8 9 10 12
7/8 x
Actual weight may vary because of oversize tolerance. Sizes not listed above can be cut from plate. For Powdered Metal add 3% for weight
Thickness Through 4" thick ......... .015 - .035 oversize Over 4" thick ............... .062 - .124 oversize
14-29

Size (inches) 1x 1 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 6-1/2 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 1-1/8 x 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4 3 1-1/8 x 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 8 10 12 1-1/4 x 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-3/4 Pounds (per ft) 3.690 4.573 5.014 5.456 6.339 7.222 8.104 8.987 9.870 10.753 12.519 14.284 16.050 17.816 19.581 21.347 23.113 24.878 28.410 31.941 35.472 42.535 49.598 56.660 4.636 5.131 6.121 7.112 8.102 9.093 10.083 11.074 12.064 14.045 16.026 18.007 19.988 21.969 23.950 31.874 39.798 47.722 5.688 6.787 7.885 Size (inches) 1-1/4 x 2 2-1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 7 8 9 10 12 16 20 24 1-3/8 x 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 1-3/8 x 8 9 10 12 1-1/2x 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4 3 3-1/2 Pounds (per ft) Size (inches) 8.983 1-1/2x 4 10.081 4-1/2 11.179 5 12.277 5-1/2 13.376 6 15.572 7 17.768 8 19.965 9 22.161 10 24.357 12 26.553 16 30.946 20 35.339 24 39.731 1-3/4x 1-3/4 44.124 2 52.909 2-1/4 70.480 2-1/2 88.050 2-3/4 105.621 3 6.849 3-1/2 7.452 4 8.658 4-1/2 9.864 5 11.069 5-1/2 12.275 6 13.481 7 14.687 8 17.099 9 19.510 10 21.922 12 24.333 2 x 2 26.745 2-1/4 29.157 2-1/2 38.803 2-3/4 43.627 3 47.814 3-1/2 57.334 4 4-1/2 8.127 5 9.431 5-1/2 10.744 6 12.058 7 13.371 8 14.685 9 15.998 10 18.625
DCF
Pounds (per ft) 21.252 23.879 26.506 29.133 31.760 37.014 42.268 47.522 52.776 63.284 84.299 105.315 126.331 10.977 12.506 14.034 15.563 17.092 18.621 21.678 24.736 27.794 30.851 33.909 36.967 43.082 49.197 55.312 61.427 73.658 14.267 16.011 17.755 19.499 21.244 24.732 28.220 31.708 35.197 38.685 42.173 49.150 56.126 63.103 70.079
DCF Thickness and Width Oversize Ranges : Width (based on thickness) Through 4" thick ...... .035 to .077 oversize Over 4" thick ............ .062 to .124 oversize Thickness Through 4" thick ......... .015 - .035 oversize Over 4" thick ............... .062 - .124 oversize
14-30

Size (inches) 2x 12 16 20 24 2-1/4x 2-1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 7 8 9 10 12 2-1/2x 2-1/2 2-3/4 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 7 8 9 10 12 16 20 24 2-3/4x 2-3/4 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 Pounds (per ft) 84.032 111.938 139.845 167.751 17.988 19.947 21.907 23.866 27.785 31.704 35.623 39.542 43.461 47.380 55.218 63.055 70.893 78.731 94.407 22.139 24.314 26.489 30.838 35.188 39.538 43.887 48.237 52.586 61.285 69.985 78.684 87.383 104.781 137.746 172.086 206.426 26.721 29.112 33.892 38.672 43.452 48.232 53.013 57.793 Size (inches) 2-3/4 x 7 8 9 10 12 16 20 24 3x 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 7 8 9 10 12 16 20 3-1/2x 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 7 8 9 10 12 16 20 4x 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 7 8 9 10 Pounds (per ft) 66.469 75.904 85.339 94.774 113.644 151.384 189.124 227.147 31.734 36.945 42.156 47.367 52.578 57.788 62.999 73.421 83.843 94.265 104.686 125.530 165.022 206.162 43.052 49.124 55.196 61.268 67.340 73.412 85.557 97.701 109.845 121.990 146.278 192.299 240.239 56.092 63.025 69.959 76.892 83.826 97.693 111.559 125.426 139.293 Size (inches) 4x 12 16 20 4-1/2 x 4-1/2 5 6 8 10 5x 5 5-1/2 6 7 8 10 12 5-1/2x 5-1/2 6 8 10 6x 6 7 8 10 12
DCF
Pounds (per ft) 162.027 219.575 274.315 71.618 79.413 95.003 126.182 154.542 88.188 96.844 105.500 122.812 140.124 174.749 209.373 106.480 115.998 154.067 192.137 126.495 147.252 168.010 209.524 251.039
* 10" THICK PLATE IS AVAILABLE IN SOME GRADES. PLEASE INQUIRE. DCF Thickness and Width Oversize Ranges : Width (based on thickness) Through 4" thick ...... .035 to .077 oversize Over 4" thick ............ .062 to .124 oversize Thickness Through 4" thick ......... .015 - .035 oversize Over 4" thick ............... .062 - .124 oversize
14-31
TOOL STEEL ROUNDS

Diameter (inches) 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16 3/4 7/8 Pounds (per ft) .188 .287 .406 .548 .708 .892 1.094 1.320 1.563 2.115 2.751 3.470 4.273 5.159 6.169 7.225 8.365 9.588 10.895 12.285 13.758 15.315 16.956 18.679 Diameter (inches) 2-3/4 2-7/8 3 3-1/8 3-1/4 3-1/2 3-3/4 4 4-1/4 4-1/2 4-3/4 5 5-1/4 5-1/2 5-3/4 6 6-1/4 6-1/2 6-3/4 7 7-1/4 7-1/2 7-3/4 8 Pounds (per ft) 20.487 22.377 25.160 28.185 30.395 34.028 38.961 44.228 51.082 57.088 63.428 70.102 77.109 84.450 92.125 100.134 108.851 117.542 126.566 135.925 145.617 155.643 166.002 176.695 Diameter (inches) 8-1/2 8-3/4 9 9-1/2 10 10-1/2 11 11-1/2 12 12-1/2 13 13-1/2 14 14-1/2 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 24
DCF
Pounds (per ft) 199.083 210.778 222.806 247.864 274.257 302.838 331.941 362.379 394.152 427.260 461.703 497.481 542.177 580.892 620.942 705.047 794.492 889.277 1002.293 1108.425 1336.710 1570.126
1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-5/8 1-3/4 1-7/8 2 2-1/8 2-1/4 2-3/8 2-1/2 2-5/8
*For Powdered Metal add 3% for weight. *DC53 rounds under 6-1/2" are hot rolled and oversized to finish at their nominal size. 6-1/2" and over are rough turned and oversized to finish at their nominal size. *M2 rounds are available in on-size diameters and oversize diameters. M2 rounds are available in 3/8" to 6" diameters.
Alro's in-house services can have a tremendous affect on your turnaround time. If your need is for one piece or thousands of pieces Alro can accommodate to your satisfaction.
14-32
TOLERANCES
Flats and Squares Size (inches) Through 4" thick Over 4" thick
TOLERANCES
DE-CARB FREE THICKNESS AND WIDTH OVERSIZE RANGES

Width - Based on Thickness (inches) .035 - .077 oversize .062 - .124 oversize Thickness (inches) .015 - .035 oversize .062 - .093 oversize
Rounds - Typical Machining Allowances Nominal Size (inches) 1/2 to 1-1/2 Over 1-1/2 to 3 3 thru 6 Over 6 thru 7 Over 7 thru 18 Over 18 oversize Tolerance (inches) +0.010 to +0.020 +0.015 to +0.025 +0.062 to +0.186 +0.093 to +0.250 +0.125 to +0.375 +0.1875 to +0.5625
Rough Turned Tolerances: (All rounds 3" diameter and over are supplied with a Rough Turned tolerance)
MACHINING AND DECARBURIZATION ALLOWANCES
When ordering hot rolled bar stock, allowances must be made for machining in order to remove all decarburized surface. Decarburization is caused by heating for forging or rolling, and annealing. To obtain a uniform surface hardness and keep warpage to a minimum on finished tools, it is necessary to remove all the decarburization from all surfaces before hardening. The minimum allowances for machining and the maximum decarburization limits for rounds, hexagons, octagons, and flats are given in the following tables. Minimum Allowances Per Side for Machining Prior to heat Treatment for hot Rolled Rounds Ordered Size (inches)Hot Rolled Up to 1/2, incI. Over 1/2 to 1, incl. Over 1 to 2, incI. Over 2 to 3, incI. Over 3 to 4, incI. Over 4 to 5, incl. Over 5 to 6, incl. Over 6 to 8, incl. Over 8 .016 .031 .048 .063 .088 .112 .150 .200 Forged .072 .094 .120 .145 .170 .200 .200 Rounds Rough Turned .020 .024 .032 .040 .048 .072
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14-33
14-34
Over 2 to 3 Incl. .035 .056 .050 .064 .065 .075 .085 .085 B Specified Width, In. Over Over Over 3 to 4 4 to 5 5 to 6 Incl. Incl. Incl. .040 .045 .050 .068 .092 .104 .055 .060 .070 .080 .104 .120 .070 .070 .075 .084 .112 .124 .085 .085 .085 .102 .120 .136 .115 .115 .115 .115 .127 .140 .150 .150 .150 .165 .190 .190 Over 6 to 7 Incl. .055 .120 .070 .136 .075 .144 .090 .160 .115 .180 .150 .180 .190 .190 .250 .250 Over 7 to 8 Incl. .060 .136 .075 .160 .090 .168 .100 .180 .125 .190 .150 .190 .190 .190 .250 .250 Over 8 to 9 Incl. .060 .144 .075 .160 .095 .180 .100 .190 .125 .190 .150 .190 .190 .190 .250 .250 Over 9 to 10 Incl. .060 .152 .075 .160 .100 .180 .100 .190 .125 .190 .150 .190 .190 .190 .250 .250
Maximum Decarburization Limits 80% of allowances per side for machining Minimum Allowances Per Side for Machining Prior to Heat Treatment for Hot-Rolled Square and Flat Bars
Specified Thickness (inches)
TOLERANCES HOT ROLLED MACHINING AND DECARBURIZATION ALLOWANCES
0 to 1/2, incI.
0 to 1/2 IncI. .025 .025
Over 1/2 to 1 Incl. .025 .036 .045 .045
Over 1 to 2 Incl. .030 .044 .045 .052 .065 .065
A B A Over 1/2 to 1, incI. B A Over 1 to 2, incI. B A Over 2 to 3, incI. B A Over 3 to 4, incI. B A Over 4 to 5, incI. B A Over 5 to 6, incI. B A Over 6 B
Minimum Allowances Per Side for Machining of Forged Squares and Flat Bars Over 8 to 9 Incl. Over 9 to 10 Incl.
Specified Thickness (inches)
TOLERANCESMACHINING AND HOT ROLLED DECARBURIZATION ALLOWANCES
0 to 1/2, incI. .100 .200 .140 .200 .160 .200 .210 .210 .225 .225 .250 .250 .250 .250
A B A Over 1/2 to 1, incI. B A Over 1 to 2, incI. B A Over 2 to 3, incI. B A Over 3 to 4, incI. B A Over 4 to 5, incI. B A Over 5 to 6, incI. B A Over 6 B
0 to 1/2 IncI. .030 .030 .110 .200 .150 .200 .175 .200 .225 .225 .250 .250 .250 .250 .250 .250
Over 1/2 to 1 Incl. .030 .048 .060 .060
Over 1 to 2 Incl. .035 .064 .060 .072 .090 .090
Over 2 to 3 Incl. .040 .080 .065 .084 .090 .100 .120 .120
Specified Width, In. Over Over Over 3 to 4 4 to 5 5 to 6 Incl. Incl. Incl. .045 .055 .065 .100 .120 .144 .065 .075 .080 .100 .120 .144 .090 .100 .110 .108 .124 .148 .120 .125 .130 .130 .140 .148 .150 .150 .160 .150 .150 .160 .180 .180 .180 .180 .210 .210 Over 6 to 7 Incl. .070 .168 .085 .168 .115 .172 .135 .172 .180 .180 .190 .190 .225 .225 .250 .250 Over 7 to 8 Incl. .075 .200 .090 .200 .125 .200 .150 .200 .190 .190 .210 .210 .225 .225 .250 .250
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Notes
14-36

014 ToolSteel

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Alro delivers...

TYPE A2 (UNS T30102)

TYPE A6 (UNS T30106)

TYPE D2 (UNS T30402)

TYPE D3 (UNS T30403)

TYPE D5 (UNS T30405)

TYPE O1 (UNS T31501)

Do not forge below

TYPE O6 (UNS T31506)

TYPE L6 (UNS T61206)

Do not forge below

TYPE S1 (UNS T41901)

TYPE S5 (UNS T41905)

TYPE S7 (UNS T41907)

1.30/1.80 3.00/3.50 .30 max

HARDENING - For hardening information refer to p. 14-13.

TYPE P20 (UNS T51620)

AISI T420 STAINLESS ESR

TYPE T420 (UNS S42000)

TYPE W2 (UNS T27302)

TYPE H13 (UNST20813)

PREHARDENED AISI TYPE H13 TYPICAL ANALYSIS

42-46 Medium Very High High Low Medium

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TYPE M2 (UNS T11302)

TYPE M3 (UNS T11313)

AISI M3 TYPE 2 (PM)

TYPE M4 PM (UNS T11304)

TYPE M4 (UNS T11342)

AISI T15 (PM)

TYPE T15 PM(UNS T12015)

1450-1500F (788-816C) 2175-2225F (h)(o) (1190-1218C)

KPM SUPER SQUARE

KPM Super Square Compared to DCF

(For chemical analysis information, see index p. 349)

KPM Super Square - Tool Steel Grades A2 D2 01 S7

KPM Super Square - Availability (Flats & Squares)

KPM Super Square - Tolerances

*Lengths (5-side or 6-side) can be machined to special tolerances if desired.

HEAT TREATING NOTES

(e) Varies with carbon content as follows:

Toughness decreases with increasing carbon content and depth of hardening.

HEAT TREATING NOTES

321 Stainless 309 Stainless

2000F (1093C) 2240F (1093C)

Alro-Riverside Grinding Capabilities

TOOL STEEL FLATS AND SQUARES

Continued on next page

TOOL STEEL FLATS AND SQUARES

Continued on next page

TOOL STEEL FLATS AND SQUARES

TOOL STEEL ROUNDS

DE-CARB FREE THICKNESS AND WIDTH OVERSIZE RANGES

MACHINING AND DECARBURIZATION ALLOWANCES

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Specified Thickness (inches)

TOLERANCES HOT ROLLED MACHINING AND DECARBURIZATION ALLOWANCES

0 to 1/2 IncI. .025 .025

Over 1/2 to 1 Incl. .025 .036 .045 .045

Over 1 to 2 Incl. .030 .044 .045 .052 .065 .065

Specified Thickness (inches)

TOLERANCESMACHINING AND HOT ROLLED DECARBURIZATION ALLOWANCES

Over 1/2 to 1 Incl. .030 .048 .060 .060