Tutorial 2: Partial Differentiation

Page 1
1(a) ( )
xy
1
y , x f =
Domain : x = 0, y = 0

1(b) ( ) ) y x ln( y , x f + =
Domain : x + y > 0

1(c) ( )
2 2 2
z y x 9 z , y , x f =
Domain : 9 z y x 0 z y x 9
2 2 2 2 2 2
s + + >

1(d) ( )
y
x
y , x f =
Domain : x > 0, y = 0

1(e) ( )
2 2 2
2
z y x
z
z , y , x f
+ +
=
Domain : 0 z y x
2 2 2
= + +

1(f) ( )
) v u (
e z , y , x f
+
=
Domain : v u 0 v u = = +

2(a)
( ) ( )
( ) 2 ln y x 2 ln lim
2
0 , 1 y , x
= +

2(b)
( ) ( )
( )
2 . 0
5
1
e e lim
5 ln y x
0 , 5 ln y , x
= = =
+

2(c)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 x sin lim
y sin
x cos
x sin
lim
x cos
y sin x sin
lim y sin x tan lim
0 ,
2
y , x 0 ,
2
y , x 0 ,
2
y , x 0 ,
2
y , x
= = = =
|
.
|

\
| t
|
.
|

\
| t
|
.
|

\
| t
|
.
|

\
| t

2(d)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( ) 4 1 * 2 2 y 2 x lim
y 2 x
y 2 x y 2 x
lim
y 2 x
y 4 x
lim
1 , 2 y , x 1 , 2 y , x
2 2
1 , 2 y , x
= + = + =

+
=

2(e)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0
1
1 1
1
y
x
1
1
lim
x
y x
1
lim
y x
x
lim
0 , 0 y , x 0 , 0 y , x 0 , 0 y , x
=

=


Limit does not exist

2(f)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 1
x
y
y
x
lim
xy
y x
lim
0 , 0 y , x
2 2
0 , 0 y , x
= + = + =
+



Tutorial 2: Partial Differentiation

Page 2
3(a)
( )
2
2
1
1
1
xy y
f
y x x
f
xy
y , x f

=
c
c

=
c
c
=



3(b)
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
+
+
=
c
c
+
+
=
c
c
+

=
xy
x
y
f
xy
y
x
f
xy
y x
y , x f



3(c)
( )
2
3 2
z 3 x
z
f
y 2 x
y
f
z y
x
f
z xz y xy , y , x f
=
c
c
+ =
c
c
+ =
c
c
+ + =



3(d)
( )
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
c
c

=
c
c

=
c
c
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

y
x
cos
z
f
x y y
xz
y
f
x y
z
x
f
y
x
cos z z , y , x f
1
2 2
2 2
1

Tutorial 2: Partial Differentiation

Page 3
3(e)
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
w u
v sin uw
w
f
w u
v cos u
v
f
w u
w u v sin
u
f
w u
v sin u
w , v , u f
+

=
c
c
+

=
c
c
+

=
c
c
+

=



3(f)
( )
v v
f
u u
f
y y
f
x x
f
uv
xy
ln v , u , y , x f
1
1
1
1

=
c
c

=
c
c
=
c
c
=
c
c
|
.
|

\
|
=


4.
( )
kr
r
V
a r , r a k V
2
3
2 2
+ =
c
c

< =


5.
2
3
r
2
r
sin P V
E
r
cos P 2
r
V
E
r
cos P
V
u
=
u c
c
=
u
=
c
c
=
u
=
u
















Tutorial 2: Partial Differentiation

Page 4
6(a) ( ) ( )
2 2
y x ln y , x f + =


( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
4
2
2
2 2
y x
xy
f
y x
y x
f
y x
x y
f
y x
y
f ,
y x
x
f
y , x
y , y
x , x
y x
+

=
+

=
+

=
+
=
+
=


6(b) ( ) x cos y y sin y x y , x f + + =
2 3



x sin y x 6 f
y sin x 2 f
x cos y xy 6 f
x cos y cos y x 2 f , x sin y y x 3 f
2
y , x
3
y , y
2
x , x
3
y
2 2
x
=
=
=
+ + = =


6(c) ( )
xyz
1
y , x f =

z y x
1
f
z xy
2
f
yz x
2
f
z xy
1
f ,
yz x
1
f
2 2
y , x
2
y , y
3
x , x
2
y
2
x
=
=
=

=


6(d) ( )
x
e x sin y y , x f + =


x cos f
x cos f
e x sin y f
x sin f , e x cos y f
y , x
y , y
x
x , x
y
x
x
=
=
+ =
= + =







Tutorial 2: Partial Differentiation

Page 5
6(e) ( ) xyz ln y , x f =


0 f
y
1
f
x
1
f
y
1
xyz
xz
f ,
x
1
xyz
yz
f
y , x
2
y , y
2
x , x
y x
=

=
= = = =


6(f) ( ) xy ln x y , x f
2
=


y
x
f
y
x
f
xy ln f
y
x
xy
x
f , xy ln x x xy ln x
xy
y x
f
y , x
y , y
x , x
y x
2
2 3
2 2
2
2
2 3 2
=

=
+ =
= = + = + =



7 ( ) ( )
n
z y x z , y , x f
2 2 2
+ + =
For 3D Laplace equation : 0
z
f
y
f
x
f
2
2
2
2
2
2
=
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c

( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )
( )( )( ) ( )
( )
5 . 0 , 0 n
0 n 6 1 n n 4
0 z y x n 6 z y x z y x 1 n n 4
z y x n 2 z y x 1 n n z 4
z
f
, z y x zn 2
z
f
z y x n 2 z y x 1 n n y 4
y
f
, z y x yn 2
y
f
z y x n 2 z y x 1 n n x 4
x
f
, z y x xn 2
x
f
1 n
2 2 2
2 n
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 n
2 2 2
2 n
2 2 2 2
2
2
1 n
2 2 2
1 n
2 2 2
2 n
2 2 2 2
2
2
1 n
2 2 2
1 n
2 2 2
2 n
2 2 2 2
2
2
1 n
2 2 2
=
= +
= + + + + + + +

+ + + + + =
c
c
+ + =
c
c
+ + + + + =
c
c
+ + =
c
c
+ + + + + =
c
c
+ + =
c
c





Tutorial 2: Partial Differentiation

Page 6
8 For
2
2
2
2
2
x
y
c
t
y
c
c
=
c
c

8a
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
x
y
c
t
y
ct x cos
x
y
, ct x sin
x
y
ct x cos c
t
y
, ct x sin c
t
y
ct x cos y
c
c
=
c
c

+ =
c
c
+ =
c
c
+ =
c
c
+ =
c
c
+ =



8b
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
x
y
c
t
y
ct 4 x 4 sin 16
x
y
, ct 4 x 4 cos 4
x
y
ct 4 x 4 sin c 16
t
y
, ct 4 x 4 cos c 4
t
y
ct 4 x 4 sin y
c
c
=
c
c

+ =
c
c
+ =
c
c
+ =
c
c
+ =
c
c
+ =



8c
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
1 1
2 2
x
y
c
t
y
ct x x
y
,
ct x x
y
ct x
c
t
y
,
ct x
c
t
y
ct x ln y
c
c
=
c
c

=
c
c
+
=
c
c
+

=
c
c
+
=
c
c
+ =



8d
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2
3 2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
x
y
c
t
y
ct 3 x 3 sin ct 3 x 3 cos
18
x
y
, ct 3 x 3 sec 3
x
y
ct 3 x 3 sin ct 3 x 3 cos
c 18
t
y
, ct 3 x 3 sec c 3
t
y
ct 3 x 3 tan y
c
c
=
c
c

+ +
=
c
c
+ =
c
c
+ +
=
c
c
+ =
c
c
+ =

Tutorial 2: Partial Differentiation

Page 7
9a
( )
y
u
y
x
u
x 2
xy 1
xy 2
y
u
,
xy 1
y
x
u
xy 1 ln u
2 2
2
2
c
c
=
c
c

+
=
c
c
+
=
c
c
+ =



9b
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
0 2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
3
2
2
2
2
4 2
3
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
2
=
c c
c
+
c
c

+
=
c c
c
+

=
c
c

+
=
c c
c
+

=
c
c
+
=
c
c
+ =
y x
u
y
x
u
xy
y
y x
u
y
xy
y
x
u
xy
y
y x
u
xy
y
x
u
,
xy
y
x
u
xy ln u



10a
2 3 2 3
t 3 y , t 2 x , y x z = = =

(i) Substituting x and y into z

( ) ( )
12
13
2
2
3
3
t 936
dt
dz
t 72 t 3 t 2 z
=
= =


(ii) Using Chain Rule

12
936t
t
y
y
z
t
x
x
z
dt
dz
=
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
=


Tutorial 2: Partial Differentiation

Page 8
10b t 2 sin y , t 2 cos x , x cos y y sin x z = = + =

(i) Substituting x and y into z

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) t 2 cos t 2 cos cos 2 t 2 cos sin t 2 sin 2 t 2 sin t 2 sin sin 2 t 2 sin cos t 2 cos 2
dt
dz
t 2 cos cos t 2 sin t 2 sin sin t 2 cos z
2 2
+ + =
+ =


(ii) Using Chain Rule

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) t cos t cos cos t cos sin t sin t sin t sin sin t sin cos t cos
t
y
y
z
t
x
x
z
dt
dz
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
+ + =
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
=

10c
t t
e y , e x ,
xy
xy z

= = + =
1


(i) Substituting x and y into z

0
dt
dz
2
e e
1
e e z
t t
t t
=
= + =

(ii) Using Chain Rule

( ) ( )
0
1 1
2 2
=

|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
=
t t
e
xy
x e
y x
y
t
y
y
z
t
x
x
z
dt
dz



Tutorial 2: Partial Differentiation

Page 9
10d t t y , t t x , e z
xy
= + = =
2 2


(i) Substituting x and y into z

( )( ) ( )
( )
( ) t 2 t 4 e
dt
dz
e e z
3 t t
t t t t t t
2 4
2 4 2 2
- =
= =

+


(ii) Using Chain Rule

( )
( ) t t e
t
y
y
z
t
x
x
z
dt
dz
t t
2 4
3
2 4
- =
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
=

11a v u y v u x y y x x w cos sin , cos sin , 5
3 2 3
= + = + =


| || |
( )( )( ) v cos u sin v cos u sin v sin
v
y
y
w
v
x
x
w
v
w
v cos v cos u sin u sin u cos
u
y
y
w
u
x
x
w
u
w
3 5 5
11 10 9
2 2
+ =
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
+ =
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
=
c
c


11b ( )
2 2
, , , 4 3 2 sin v z uv y u x z y x w = = = + + =

( ) | || |
( ) | || | v u v uv u cos
v
z
z
w
v
y
y
w
v
x
x
w
v
w
v u v uv u cos
u
z
z
w
u
y
y
w
u
x
x
w
u
w
8 3 4 3 2
3 4 4 3 2
2 2
2 2
+ + + =
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
+ + + =
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
=
c
c











Tutorial 2: Partial Differentiation

Page 10
11c
2 2 2 2 xyz
v u z , uv 2 v y , uv 2 u x , e w + = + = + = =



( ) | || |
( ) | || | v u v uv u cos
v
z
z
w
v
y
y
w
v
x
x
w
v
w
v u v uv u cos
u
z
z
w
u
y
y
w
u
x
x
w
u
w
8 3 7 10 6
3 4 7 10 6
2 2
2 2
+ + + =
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
+ + + =
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
=
c
c



11d ( ) ( ) ( ) v u z v u y v u x z y x w + = + = + = + + = 2 tan , 2 cos , 2 sin , ) ln(
( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) v u tan v u cos v u sin
v u sec v u sin v u cos
v
z
z
w
v
y
y
w
v
x
x
w
v
w
v u tan v u cos v u sin
v u sec v u sin v u cos
u
z
z
w
u
y
y
w
u
x
x
w
u
w
+ + + + +
+ + + +
=
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
+ + + + +
+ + + +
=
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
+
c
c
c
c
=
c
c
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2
2


12 ( ) ( ) xy z z f y x U = = ,
2 2


( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
z
z f
y x
y
U
x
x
U
y
y x
z
z f
y x
y
z f
y x z yf x
x
z f
y x z xf y
y
U
x
x
U
y
y
z f
y x z yf
z f y x
y y
U
x
z f
y x z xf
z f y x
x x
U
c
c
=
c
c
+
c
c
(

+
c
c
=
(

c
c
+ +
(

c
c
+ =
c
c
+
c
c

c
c
+ =

c
c
=
c
c
c
c
+ =

c
c
=
c
c
4 4
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2

2 2
2
2



Tutorial 2: Partial Differentiation

Page 11
13a

% . .
z
dz
. dz
. . y , . . x ,
y
x
z
7 9 097 0
0729167 0
1 0 4 2 1 0 8 1
= =
=
= = =



14

% . .
V
dV
h r . dV
h r V
5 4 045 0
045 0
2
2
= =
=
=
t
t


15

( )
1 0 4 3
4 3
4 3
3 3 4 2
4 3
.
y
dy
x
dx
y
dy
x
dx
f
df
dy y x dx y x df
y x y , x f
= +
+ =
+ =
=


16

% . .
d
V
BL
k . d
V
BL
k
625 0 00625 0
00625 0
2
1
2
1
= =
=
=
u
u
u
u



17a

dy
x
dx
x
y
dz
x
y
z
1
2
+

=
=



17b
2 2
1
y x
xdy ydx
dz
y
x
tan z
+

=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=





Tutorial 2: Partial Differentiation

Page 12
17c.
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
w v u
wdw vdv udu
dz
w v u ln z
+ +
+ +
=
+ + =



17d.
( ) ( ) ( )
dw
w v u
w
dv
w v u
v
du
w v u
u
dz
w v u
z
2
3
2
3
2
3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
1
+ +

+ +

+ +

=
+ +
=



17e Implicit Function Theorem

dy
z x
x
dx
z x
xz xy x
dz
z x
x
y
z
z x
xz xy x
x
z
z z x y x x ) z , y , x ( F
2 2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
3 2 2 3
3 3
2 2 3
3
3
2 2 3
0 2

+
=

=
c
c

+
=
c
c
= + + =


17f Implicit Function Theorem

dy
z y
yz e
dx
z y
e
dz
z y
yz e
y
z
z y
e
x
z
z z y e ) z , y , x ( F
y x y x
y x
y x
y x
2
2 2
2
2
2 2
2
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
+

+
+
=
+

=
c
c
+
=
c
c
= =
+ +
+
+
+


18a Implicit Function Theorem


z
y
y
z
z
x
x
z
z y x ) z , y , x ( F
2
5
0 50 2 5 2
2 2 2
=
c
c
=
c
c
= + =



18b Implicit Function Theorem


z
z
y
z
z
z
x
z
z ln z y x ) z , y , x ( F
3 1
5
3 1
2
0 3 5 2

=
c
c

=
c
c
= + + =






Tutorial 2: Partial Differentiation

Page 13
18c Implicit Function Theorem


( )
( )
( )
( ) z x cos e
z x sin e
y
z
z x cos e
) z x cos( e
x
z
z z x sin e ) z , y , x ( F
y
y
y
y
y
+
+
=
c
c
+
+
=
c
c
= + =
1
1
0


18d Implicit Function Theorem


( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) | |
( )
( ) ( ) | | x z sin z y sin
) z y sin( y x sin
y
z
x z sin z y sin
) x z sin( y x sin
x
z
x z cos z y cos y x cos ) z , y , x ( F
+ + +
+ + +
=
c
c
+ + +
+ + +
=
c
c
= + + + + + = 0 1


19a

( ) ( )
( ) 0 0
0 5 0 3 0 11 0
0 0
2
2
2
2
, at imum min relative a has f
y
f
or
x
f
, ,
y
f
x
f
, y , x At

> =
c
c
> =
c
c
> = =
c
c
=
c
c
=
A

19b

( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) 0 2 5 1
0 1 0 12 0 12 0
0 2 5 1
0 2 5 1
0 12 0
0 2 5 1
2
2
2
2
. , . at int po imum max a has f
y
f
or
x
f
, ,
y
f
x
f
. , . y , x At
. , . at int po saddle a has f
,
y
f
x
f
. , . y , x At

< =
c
c
< =
c
c
< + = =
c
c
=
c
c
=

< = =
c
c
=
c
c
=
A
A


19c

( ) ( )
( ) 5 2 5 1
0 4 0
5 2 5 1
. , . at int po saddle a has f
,
y
f
x
f
. , . y , x At

< = =
c
c
=
c
c
=
A






Tutorial 2: Partial Differentiation

Page 14
20a

( ) ( )
( )
96 4
72 1 8 0
0 37 0
72 1 8 0
8 4 6 5
2
. z
. , . at int po saddle a has f
,
y
f
x
f
. , . y , x At
y x x xy z
=

< = =
c
c
=
c
c
=
+ + =
A


20b
( ) ( )
( )
13
2 3
0 2 0 2 0 4 0
2 3
10 4 6
2
2
2
2
2 2
=

> =
c
c
> =
c
c
> = =
c
c
=
c
c
=
+ + + =
z
, at imum min relative a has f
y
f
or
x
f
, ,
y
f
x
f
, y , x At
y x y x z
A

20c
( ) ( )
( )
( )
27
8
3
2
3
2
0 4 0 4 0 16 0
3
2
3
2
0
0 0
0 4 0
0 0
2
2
2
2

=
|
.
|

\
|

> =
c
c
> =
c
c
> = =
c
c
=
c
c
|
.
|

\
|
=
=

< = =
c
c
=
c
c
=
z
, at imum min relative a has f
y
f
or
x
f
, ,
y
f
x
f
, y , x At
z
, at int po saddle a has f
,
y
f
x
f
, y , x At
A
A



Tutorial 2: Partial Differentiation

Page 15
20d
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
9
1 1
0 6 0 6 0 27 0
1 1
8
0 0
0 9 0
0 0
8 3
2
2
2
2
3 3
=

> =
c
c
> =
c
c
> = =
c
c
=
c
c
=
=

< = =
c
c
=
c
c
=
+ =
z
, at imum min relative a has f
y
f
or
x
f
, ,
y
f
x
f
, y , x At
z
, at int po saddle a has f
,
y
f
x
f
, y , x At
xy y x z
A
A



20e
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
1
2
1
2
1
0 6 0 6 0 32 0
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
0 6 0 6 0 32 0
2
1
2
1
8
0 0
0 4 0
0 0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4 4
=
|
.
|

\
|

< =
c
c
< =
c
c
> = =
c
c
=
c
c
|
.
|

\
|
=
=
|
.
|

\
|

< =
c
c
< =
c
c
> = =
c
c
=
c
c
|
.
|

\
|
=
=

< = =
c
c
=
c
c
=
=
z
, at imum max relative a has f
y
f
or
x
f
, ,
y
f
x
f
, y , x At
z
, at imum max relative a has f
y
f
or
x
f
, ,
y
f
x
f
, y , x At
z
, at int po saddle a has f
,
y
f
x
f
, y , x At
y x xy z
A
A
A

Tutorial 2: Partial Differentiation

Page 16
21a
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )( ) ( ) 1024 4 8 4
4 8 4
0 96 0 128 0 8192 0
4 8 4
0 16 0
0 65536 0
0 16 0
8 0 8 at
0 0
8 0 8
16 0 0 at
0 0
16 0 0
2
2
2
2
2
= =

< =
c
c
< =
c
c
> = =
c
c
=
c
c
=

< = =
c
c
=
c
c
=

= =
c
c
=
c
c
=

= =
c
c
=
c
c
=
f
, , at imum max relative a has f
y
f
or
x
f
, ,
y
f
x
f
, , z , y , x At
. , , at int po saddle a has f
,
y
f
x
f
, , z , y , x At
. , , ve inconclusi is f
,
y
f
x
f
, , z , y , x At
. , , ve inconclusi is f
,
y
f
x
f
, , z , y , x At
A
A
A
A



21b
( ) ( )
( )
12 4 4 4
4 4 4
0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0
4 4 4
64
64
2
2
2
2
= + + =

> =
c
c
> =
c
c
> =
c
c
=
c
c
=
+ + =
=
f
, , at imum min relative a has f
.
y
f
or .
x
f
, ,
y
f
x
f
, , z , y , x At
xy
y x f
xy
z
A



22
( )
( )
8
9
4
3
3 0 5
4
3
2
0
4
3
0 10 0 4 0 40 0
0
4
3
3 5 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2

=
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
.
|

\
|

> =
c
c
> =
c
c
> = =
c
c
=
c
c
|
.
|

\
|
=
+ =
* * * T
, at e temperatur imum min a has T
y
T
or
x
T
, ,
y
T
x
T
, y , x At
x y x y , x T
A