How to Read Piping and Instrument Diagrams

CM4120 Chemical Plant Operations

A P&ID is:
Language of Symbols Schematic of Process Displays Relative Orientation/Configurat ion Communication Tool Graphical Table of Contents

A P&ID is not:
Piping Isometric Equipment Fabrication Diagram Scale Drawing Control Logic Diagram Something that conveys Process Information!

Line Designator - First Letter

C - Condensate G - Gas (not a process fluid) L - Process Fluid S - Steam V - Vent or Vacuum W - Water

Line Designator - Pipe Size

Following line number is the line size Given in inches

Line Designator - Pipe Spec.

A 316 SS tubing w/.038 wall C - 316 SS pipe Schedule 40 D - Carbon Steel Sched. 40 (steam) H - Copper Tubing

Equipment Symbols

Equipment Symbols

Equipment Designations
D - Distillation Tower E - Heat Exchanger F - Filter M - Misc. Equipment P - Pump R - Reactor T - Tank

Manual Valve Symbols

Control Valve Symbols

Valve Failure Positions

Instrument Symbols

Control Symbols

ISA Instrument Identification

Transmitters/sensing elements:

FT flow transmitter LE level element AI analytical indicator LI level indicator PAH pressure alarm high TIC temp indicating controller FFIC ratio flow controller FY flow transducer LV level valve

Indicators:

Controllers:

Controlled devices:

ISA The International Society for Automation

References
Riggs, Chemical Process Control, 2nd edition, Appendix A, 2001. The Engineering Tool Box, http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/p &id-piping-instrumentationdiagram-d_466.html International Society of Automation, Instrument Symbols and Identification, 1992.