16th MACH REFLECTION SYMPOSIUM November 1 ~ 4, 2004, Jeju Island, Korea

Computation of Mach Reflection in Composite Metal under High Velocity Impact by Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics(SPH)
Katsumi Tanaka National Institute of Advanced Industrial SCience and Technology. RICS tanaka-katsumi@aist.go.jp Corresponding author Katsumi Tanaka Keyword: Mach reflection, SPH, Eulerian, Aluminum, Copper Abstract Mach reflection in condensed material has been used for high-pressure shock compression with hundreds GPa. Computational works of shock Mach reflection in aluminum, copper and other metals has been reported in previous MRS symposium, where structures of Mach reflection were given in detail by Lagrangian computation. It is well known that Lagrangian computation is quite unstable for phenomena with large deformation of material. Mach reflection in materials confined in explosive or in materials with higher shock velocities are used for studies of high-pressure physics and shock compaction. Mach reflection in a copper cylinder confined in aluminum shocked by flyer plate with velocity of 2.1 km/s gives pressure in 100 GPa in copper by experiments by Syono. Lagrangian study of Mach reflection in concentric cylinder of aluminum and copper by can reproduce their experimental results. Present study gives other results of Mach reflection computed using Eulerian and SPH. Eulerian computation was performed by Volume of Fraction technique that allows multi-material flow. Although the Eulerian computation can reproduce the Mach reflection well as Lagrangian finite difference method, mixed material grids are unstable under high expansion by rarefaction waves from lateral and rear surface accompanying large deformation. SPH, which is mesh free Lagrangian technique, can be applied for hypervelocity impact phenomena. SPH can calculate large deformation after shock compression. SPH, however, shows rough structure of Mach reflection, compared with both Lagrangian and Eulerian calculations. Numerical results are compared with Lagarangian and Eulerian computaiton.
Aluminum tube

Copper cylinder

Fig.1 Isopycnic of Mach reflection in a copper cylinder shocked by impact of copper flyer plate with velocity of 2.1 km/s by Eulerian hydrodynamic calculation.

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Enlarged isopycnics indicate a weak Mach reflection with slip stream mostly parallel to axis behind a triple point as shown in Fig.1. SPH results give poor resolution for Mach stem but it can show deformation of assembly well because particles in SPH keep historical change of materials easily as shown in Fig.2..

Fig.2 Isobars of Mach reflection in a copper confined in aluminum cylinder shocked by a copper flyer with impact velocity of 2.1 km/s computed by SPH using 100,000 particles corresponding Fig.1. SPH technology is relatively immature compared with Eulerian or Lagrangian method in hydrodynamic computations. Instability under tensile condition is one of most difficult problem for SPH calculation due to smoothing length and kernel function. Treatment of initial and boundary conditions in SPH requires some technical implements. SPH to Lagrangian and Eulerian studies will be discussed for computational possibilities of mechanism for meteorite impact, powder compaction, shock initiation of powder explosives etc.

References 1) Y.Syono, T. Goto and T. Sato., Pressure enhancement by conically convergent shocks in composite cylinders and its application to shock recovery experiments, J. Appl. Phys.,53,7131 (1982) 2) K. Tanaka, 2-D simulations of shock recovery fixtures, Shock Waves in Condensed Matter 1983. pp 203-206, J.R. Assay, R. A. Graham and G. K. Straub, Elsivier (1984)

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