2.

Bendungan Grande Dixence di Swiss (284m) Grande Dixence Dam adalah bendungan gravitasi beton pada Dixence di kepala Val d'Hrens di kanton Valais di Swiss. Dengan 285 meter tinggi, adalah bendungan gravitasi tertinggi di dunia, bendungan tertinggi di Eropa dan bendungan kedua tertinggi di dunia. Tujuan utama Bendungan adalah memproduksi pembangkit listrik tenaga air dan pembangkit listrik empat hal persediaan memiliki kapasitas gabungan sebesar 2069 MW yang menghasilkan 2 milyar kWh per tahun, yang cukup untuk 400.000 rumah tangga.

Township Lokasi: Bendungan Besar Dixence Charger 1987 Hrmence Untuk informasi lebih lanjut atau untuk buku Tel. 027 328 43 11 Situs Resmi: Dixence Besar Pembukaan: Dari 15 Juni - 30 September Dipandu wisata "suara dan cahaya" yang diadakan di perut bendungan gravitasi tertinggi di dunia setiap hari dari 20 Juni sampai Oktober awal. Manajemen dilakukan dengan panduan ke paviliun informasi di kaki bendungan. Jadwal

11:30, 01:30, 03:00, 16:30. Dalam kasus berdesak-desakan, kunjungan tambahan dapat diatur di 3:45 ET 2:15 malam malam. approx. 1 jam di tempat 40 orang. maksimum per kunjungan Dewasa (16 tahun): USD 10 . siswa, magang, senior: CHF 8 . anak (6-15 tahun): USD 6 . kelompok (dari 10 pers.): USD 8 .-

Jangka waktu Pendaftaran Kapasitas : Harga:

Kunjungan ke puncak bendungan: pendakian dengan charger mobil kabel (1 jam) Harga: Harga: Pastor. 15 .- EUR 8 .- dewasa atau kelompok untuk / Anak-anak: CHF 5 .Catatan: Karena masih Hrmence diperlukan 10 menit berkendara ke kaki bendungan Catatan: Anda dapat dalam satu hari mengunjungi piramida Euseigne dan Gereja Hrmence

Beberapa data teknis: Para pemegang saham adalah: EOS 60%, BKW 13 1 / 3%, IWB 13 1 / 3%, USD 13 1 / 3% Produksi Proporsi output untuk EOS: 60% Rata-rata produksi tahunan: 2 milyar kWh Koneksi ke jaringan 220 dan 380 kV Stasiun pompa: Arolla - 17.300 m3 Listrik 48,6 MW, maks. 12,6 m3 / s Ferpcle - 109.000 m3 Listrik 21,3 MW, maks. 8.4 m3 / s Stafel - 90.000 m3 Listrik 26,4 MW, maks. 9,9 m3 / s Z'Mutt - 840.000 m3 Listrik 86,5 MW, maks. 17,4 m3 / s Fionnay Tengah - alt. 1490 m Pelton turbin 6 - Daya Total: 290 MW (360 MVA) Jatuhkan tinggi: 874 m Nendaz Tengah - alt. 478 m Pelton turbin 6 - Daya Total: 390 MW (480 MVA) Jatuhkan tinggi: 1008 m Grande Dixence SA sangat erat terkait dengan operasi Dixence Cleuson-dan Chandolin pusat Konstruksi: 1950 - 1964 Commissioning: 1961 - 1965 Dixence besar, yang adalah bendungan gravitasi tertinggi di dunia, memiliki ketinggian 284 m, 700 m panjang dan berat 15 juta ton. Untuk konstruksi, yang berlangsung lebih dari 10 tahun, kami menggunakan 6 juta m3 beton. Kapasitas sahamnya adalah 400 juta m3 air ke area 4,04 km2 Air berasal dari daerah tangkapan besar dari 600 km2, membentang dari Mont Blanc ke Cheilon Mischabel. Pasokan air terowongan panjang lebih dari 100 km. Berjalan: Di dasar buku ada parkir, restoran, stand informasi dan mobil kabel membawa pengunjung ke puncak. Stasiun cable car adalah titik awal untuk kunjungan banyak untuk semua selera dan semua tingkatan. Tentu saja Anda dapat berjalan bendungan. Ini membutuhkan waktu sekitar 45 menit untuk mendaki.

Disutradarai oleh perusahaan dan eos Grande Dixence SA bekerjasama dengan Pro Natura Valais, Trail Ibex adalah jejak alam yang akan membawa Anda ke dalam satwa liar dari Lembah Sepuluh, di atas bendungan dari Dixence Grand. Jejak melewati leher Roux, 2800 meter di atas permukaan laut, dan membutuhkan total empat jam baik dari berjalan. Sudah lama tapi begitu indah! Untuk berjalan-jalan di sepanjang danau Sepuluh, dari 30 menit sampai 2 jam berjalan tidak terlalu sulit. Danau ini dikelilingi oleh puncak yang tertutup salju, pemandangan yang indah dan flora yang luar biasa. Buka hak dari atas bendungan dan menyeberangi beberapa terowongan mencapai medan datar cocok untuk tamasya. Jangan lupa sepasang teropong yang baik, karena sangat mudah untuk melihat beberapa hewan liar di lanskap. Untuk mengembalikan, daripada pergi pada Hrmence, kita dapat membuat jalan memutar menuju desa menawan Evolne dan lihatlah, di jalan ke Sion, piramida Euseigne.

Grande Dixence Dam

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Grande Dixence Dam

Location of Grande Dixence Dam

Location

Hrmence, Switzerland

Coordinates

460450N 072414ECoordinates:

4604

50N 072414E Status Construction began Opening date In use 1953 1964 Dam and spillways Type of dam Height Length Gravity dam 285 m (935 ft) 700 m (2,297 ft)

Base width Volume Impounds

200 m (656 ft) 6,000,000 m3(210,000,000 cu ft) Dixence River Reservoir

Creates Capacity Catchment area Surface area Max. water depth

Lac des Dix 400,000,000 m3(320,000 acreft) 46 km2 (18 sq mi) 4 km2 (2 sq mi) 284 m (932 ft) Power station

Commission date Installed capacity Annual generation

1965 2,069 MW 2,000 GWh

The Grande Dixence Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Dixence River at the head of theVal d'Hrens in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. At 285 m (935 ft) high, it is the tallest gravity dam in the world and is part of the Cleuson-Dixence Complex. With the primary purpose of hydroelectric power generation, the dam fuels four power stations, totaling the installed capacity to 2,069 MW, generating approximately 2,000 GWh annually, enough to power 400,000 Swiss households. The dam withholds Lac des Dix (Lake Dix), its reservoir. The reservoir receives its water from four different pumping stations; the ZMutt, Stafel, Ferpcle and Arolla. At peak capacity, it contains approximately 400,000,000 m3 (1.41010 cu ft) of water, with depths reaching up to 284 m (932 ft).[1] Construction on the dam began in 1950 and was completed in 1964, before officially commissioning in 1965.

Contents
[hide]

1 History 2 Characteristics 3 Power stations

3.1 Chandoline Power Station 3.2 Fionnay Power Station

3.2.1 Nendaz Power Station

3.3 Bieudron Power Station

4 References 5 External links

[edit]History

The Grande Dixence Dam in 2004, facing west

In 1922, Energie Ouest Suisse (EOS) became established with a few small power stations. To generate substantial amount of electricity, EOS looked to the Valais canton which contains 56% of Switzerland's glaciers and stores the largest amount of water in Europe. In 1927, EOS acquired the license for the upper Dixence basin. In 1929, 1,200 workers constructed the first Dixence dam which would be complete in 1935. The first dam would supply water to the Chandoline Power Station which has a capacity of 120 MW.[2] After the Second World War, growing industries needed electricity and construction on the Cleuson Dam began in 1947 and was completed in 1951. Plans for the Super Dixence Dam were now being finalized by the recently founded company, Grande Dixence SA. Construction on the Super Dixence Dam soon began later in 1950. By 1964, 3,000 workers had finished pouring 6,000,000 m3 (210,000,000 cu ft) of concrete, completing the dam. The original Dixence dam was submerged by the filling of Lac des Dix beginning in 1957, it can still be seen when the reservoir level is low.[2] In the 1980s, Grande Dixence SA and EOS began the Cleuson-Dixence project which improved the quality of electricity produced by building new tunnels along with the Bieudron Power Station. By the time the Cleuson-Dixence Complex was complete, the power generated had more than doubled.[2]

[edit]Characteristics

The dam as seen from downriver

Map of Cleuson-Dixence Complex

The Grande Dixence Dam is a 285 m (935 ft) high, 700 m (2,297 ft) long concrete gravity dam. The dam is 200 m (656 ft) wide at its base and 15 m (49 ft) wide at its crest. The dam's crest reaches an altitude of 2,365 m (7,759 ft). The dam structure contains approximately 6,000,000 m3 (211,888,000 cu ft) of concrete.
[1]

To secure the dam to the surrounding foundation, a grout curtainsurrounds the dam, reaching a depth of

200 m (656 ft) and extending 100 m (328 ft) on each side of the valley.[3] Although the dam is situated on the relatively small Dixence River, water supplied from other rivers and streams is pumped by the ZMutt, Stafel, Ferpcle and Arolla pumping stations. The pumping stations transport the water through 100 km (62 mi) of tunnels into its reservoir, Lac des Dix. Water from the 87 m (285 ft) high Cleuson Dam, located 7 km (4 mi) to the northwest, is also transported from its reservoir, the Lac de Cleuson. Three penstocks transport water from Lac des Dix to the Chandoline, Fionnay, Nendaz and Bieudron power stations, before being discharged into the Rhne River below.[4] All the pumping stations, power stations and dams form the Cleuson-Dixence Complex. Although the complex operates with water being pumped from one reservoir to another, it does not technically qualify as a pumped-storage scheme. [5]

Most of the water comes from glaciers when they melt during the summer. The lake is usually at full capacity by late September, and empties during the winter, eventually reaching its lowest point around April.

[edit]Power

stations
Power Station

[edit]Chandoline

The Chandoline Power Station was the power station for the original Dixence Dam. The Grande Dixence Dam submerged the original dam but the power station still operates with water received from the reservoir of the Grande Dixence Dam, Lac des Dix. The power station is the smallest of the four, producing 120 MW from five pelton turbines with a gross head of 1,748 m (5,735 ft).[6]

[edit]Fionnay

Power Station

The Fionnay Power Station receives water from the Grande Dixence Dam by a 9 km (6 mi) long tunnel with an average gradient of 10%. Once the tunnel reaches a surge chamber at Louvie in Bagnes, it turns into a penstock which descends at a gradient of 73% for 800 m (2,625 ft) until it reaches the power station. The water, now flowing at a maximum rate of 45 m3/s (1,589 cu ft/s) spins six pelton turbines, generating a combined maximum capacity of 290 MW.[7]

[edit]Nendaz Power Station

After arriving at the Fionnay Power Station from the Grande Dixence Dam, water then travels through a 16 km (10 mi) pressure tunnel which eventually leads into the Proua surge chamber, 1,000 m (3,281 ft) above the Nendaz Power Station. The water, which remains at a maximum rate of 45 m3/s (1,589 cu ft/s) spins six pelton turbines, generating a combined maximum capacity of 390 MW. The Nendaz power station is located within mountains between Aproz and Riddes and is the secondlargest hydroelectric power station in Switzerland after the Bieudron Power Station.[8]

[edit]Bieudron

Power Station

Main article: Bieudron Hydroelectric Power Station The water travels down a long penstock from the Grande Dixence Dam before reaching the Bieudron Power Station 1,883 m (6,178 ft) down. The water spins three pelton turbines, generating a combined capacity of 1,269 MW.[9] The power station was constructed after the Nendaz and Fionnay power stations. The power station was built by both Grande Dixence SA and Energie Ouest Suisse between 1993 and 1998 at a cost of US$1.2 billion.[9] The Bieudron Power Station alone holds three world records, for the height of its head (1,883 m (6,178 ft)), the output of each Pelton turbine(3 423 MW) and the output per pole of the generators (35.7 MVA). It was taken out of service in December 2000 after the rupture of a penstock. The power station became partially operational in December 2009 and should be fully operational in 2010.[2][9][10]

[edit]References