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10 SERVER The servers layer consists of computer hardwareand/or computer software products that arespecifically designed for the delivery of cloudservices, including multi-core processors, cloud-specific operating systems and combined offerings

11 DEPLOYMENT MODELS COMMUNITY CLOUD: A community cloud m ay b e esta bli she

d where severa lo r g a niz at ion s have s imil ar req ui re m e n ts a nd seek t o share inf rastr uc t u re s o as t o rea liz e s om e of the b e

n e fi ts of cloud com p u t ing . Wi th the co sts sprea do ver f ewer u sers tha n a public cloud, th i s o pt ion i s mo re expe n s i ve bu t m ay off er a h ig her l

eve l of pr i va c y, se cu r i ty a nd/o r p olic y com p li a nc e. E xa m p l es of community cloud includ e Googl e's "Go v Cloud" .

12 HYBRID CLOUD & PRIVATE CLOUD H YBRID CLOUD: A hybrid cloud e n v i r onm e

n t con s i sts of mul t i p l e in ter n a l a nd/o r exter n a l pr o v id ers " w ill b e typ ic a l fo r mo st e n terpr i ses " . B y in te g rat ing mul t

i p l e cloud serv ic es, u sers m ay b e a bl e t o ease the tra n s i t ion t o public cloud serv ic es. P RIVATECLOUD: Private cloud a nd Internal cloud are express ion s that s om e ve ndo rs

have re c e n t l y u se d t od es c r ib e off er ing s that e mul ate cloudcom p u t ing on pr i vate n etw o rks. T hese pr oduc ts cl a im t o "d e li ver s

om e b e n e fi ts of cloud com p u t ing w i th ou t the p i t f a ll s " , c ap i ta lizing on d ata se cu r i ty, co rp o rate go ver n a nc e, a nd re li a

bili ty conc er n s. T hey have b ee nc r i t iciz e d on the b as i s that u sers " st ill have t o bu y, build , a nd m a n a g e the m" a nd as s uc h do no t

b e n e fi t f r om lo wer u pf r on t c ap i ta l co sts a ndl ess ha nd son m a n a g e m e n t

CRITICISM Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation andcreator of the computer operating system GNU, said that cloudcomputing was simply a trap aimed at forcing more people to buyinto locked, proprietary systems that would cost them more andmore over time. "It's stupidity. It's worse than stupidity: it's amarketing hype campaign," he told The Guardian."Somebody is saying this is inevitable and whenever youhear somebody saying that, it's very likely to be a set of businesses campaigning to make it true." "The interestingthing about cloud computing is that we've redefined cloudcomputing to include everything that we already do," hesaid. The main drawback behind the concept of Cloud Computing iswe cant completely rely on third party when we are transmittingsensitive data. 1 3

14 ISSUES P

RIVACY: T he Cloud mod e l has b ee nc r i t iciz e db y pr i va c y a d v oc ates fo r the g reater ease in wh ic h the com pa ni es h o st ing the Cloud serv ic es con

tr ol , a nd th u s, c a n moni t o r at w ill , l aw full y o r unl aw full y, the communic at ion a nd d ata st o re db etwee n the u ser a nd the h o st com

pa n y. In sta nc es s uc h as the se c ret NS Apr og ra m , w o rk ing w i th A T&T , a ndV er izon , wh ic h re co r d e do ver 10 million

ph on e c a ll s b etwee n A m er ic a n ci t iz e n s, c a u ses unc erta in ty a mong pr i va c y a d v oc ates, a nd the g reater p o wers i t gi ves

t o te l e communic at ion com pa ni es t omoni t o r u ser a c t i v i ty.

1 5 LEGAL In March 2007,Dellapplied totrademark the term "cloud computing" (U.S. Trademark 77,139,082) in theUnited States. The "Notice of Allowance" the company received in July 2008 was cancelled inAugust, resulting in a formal rejection of the trademark application lessthan a week later. Since 2007, the number of trademark filings covering cloud computing brands, goods and services has increased at an almost exponential rate.As companies sought to better position themselves for cloud computing branding and marketing efforts, cloud computing trademark filings increased by 483% between 2008 and 2009.In2009, 116 cloud computing trademarks were filed, and trademark analysts predict that over 500 such marks could be filed during2010.

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