Genetics Test Review

Know what meiosis is and how it is related to genetics. Know who Mendel was and what his contribution to genetics is. Be very familiar with his experiments. Be able to define and explain the vocabulary terms from the sections we have covered in Chapter 16, 17, and 18. Know the difference between genes, alleles, and traits. Be able to explain how genes are passed down. Understand Protein synthesis, DNA bases and base pairing, and the roles and functions of mRNA and tRNA. Be able to do autosomal and sex-linked Punnett squares. Know what codominance and incomplete dominance means and how it works. Know the difference between single gene traits, multiple alleles, and polygenic traits (traits in which multiple genes are involved such as height, skin color, etc) Be able to give the probability of specific genotypes in offspring given the parents genotypes. Be able to give probabilities in percentage or ratio form of phenotypes and/or genotypes. Know the genotypes for blood types and be able to predict blood types using a Punnett square. Know how sex-linked and other genetic disorders are inherited. Be able to give examples from the book. Know the general steps and results of both mitosis and meiosis. How are they the same? How are they different? Know who Charles Darwin is and be able to explain what evolution is and the role of natural selection. Be able to identify and explain the factors that affect the process of natural selection. Be able to explain possible ways new species form.

Practice
1. In humans, at the end of meiosis, there are __________ daughter cells, each with __________ chromosomes. 2. In humans, at the end of mitosis, there are __________ daughter cells, each with __________ chromosomes. 3. DNA replication occurs during what stage in both meiosis and mitosis? 4. If a unicorn has 88 chromosomes in a normal body cell, how many chromosomes would be in its sex cells? 5. Venusians (thats people from Venus) have 65 chromosomes in their gametes, how many chromosomes are found in their body cells? 6. List the nitrogen bases DNA and RNA are made up of. 7. Based on the Punnett square to the right, what is the probability that the offspring will have the dominant phenotype? ___________________% B=blue eyes; b = brown eyes BB 8. Will be a purebred?___________________% Bb Bb bb

9. The Martian gene for skin color (S) has two alleles, green and purple. Green is dominant. Show the Punnett square cross for a heterozygous male Martian and a purple female.

10. In humans, at the end of meiosis, ________ (how many) daughter cells have been produced, each having _________ (how many) chromosomes. 11. Any change that occurs in a gene or chromosome is called a _____________________.
12. The allele for the sickle-cell trait is (circle one) recessive dominant codominant

13. Hemophilia is caused by a (circle one) recessive

dominant

codominant

allele on the X chromosome.

14. If a woman is a carrier for hemophilia and she marries a man who is affected with hemophilia, what is the probability that they will have a boy who will NOT be infected by this condition? (Complete a Punnett Square) Answer: _____%

15. Joe Schmoe is heterozygous for B type blood. He knows his mom is type O blood, but is uncertain of his dads blood type. What blood type(s) is NOT POSSIBLE for his dad? Circle all that apply. Type A Type B Type AB Type O

16. Which of the following traits is controlled by multiple alleles? (Circle only one) Straight hairline blood type widows peak smile dimples

17. A chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait is called a ___________.

18. Albinism is a recessive allele disorder that is not sex-linked. If a person who is a carrier for this trait marries a homozygous dominant person, what is the probability of them having a child with the disorder? (Complete a Punnett Square) Answer: ________%

19. If a person is homozygous for B type blood is crossed with a person who is O type blood, what is the probability that they will have a child with O type blood? (You must show your work on a Punnett Square)

Answer = ____________ % 20. How did Darwin explain the role of natural selection in evolution.

Vocabulary You Should Know

Heredity Homologouschromosome Gene Trait Dominant Recessive Allele Purebred

Hybrid Homozygous Heterozygous Genotype Phenotype Meiosis Mutation mRNA

tRNA Carrier Sexlinkedgene Geneticdisorder Evolution Naturalselection Adaptation Variation

 CompletethedatatablesbelowwithinformationinChapters16and17

HUMANGENETICS
SingleGeneTraits
skincolor height cleftinchin

MultipleGeneTraits

MultipleAlleleTraits

SexLinkedTraits

Codominant

WordBankYoumayusewordsmorethanonce,ornotatall

hemophilia eyecolor widowspeak bloodtype hitchhikersthumb tongueroller attached/freeearlobesRed/Grcolorblindnesssicklecell

dimples haircolor DownSyndrome

HUMANGENETICDISORDERS
Disorder

SickleCellAnemia DownSyndrome CysticFibrosis Hemophilia

Autosomal/Regularor Whatcausesit? Sexlinked?

Whatarethe symptoms?

Isthereacure?