Pengenalan
Pertumbuhan sangat pesat dan terlihat seperti fashion dalam industri network Wireless LAN sangat fleksibel dalam implementasi, mampu menghemat waktu dan uang perusahaan ketika memerlukan fleksibilitas perpindahan Harga teknologi wireless semakin turun dan kualitas semakin bagus, menawarkan koneksi yang tidak mahal bagi perusahaan/kampus untuk menghubungkan antar gedung Sekarang, banyak bisnis yang mengimplementasikan wireless dalam networknya
IEEE 802.11 (tahun 1997) Standart asli wireless LAN Transfer data paling lambat IEEE 802.11 a (tahun 1999) Transfer data lebih cepat. frekuensi band : 5 GHz Tidak kompatibel dengan lainnya, IEEE 802.11 b Transfer data lebih cepat TM oleh WECA Dikenalkan sebagai Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11 g Transfer data sama cepat dengan IEEE 802.11 a Kompatibel dengan IEEE 802.11 b
Wi-Fi Standards
Standard Speed Freq band 802.11 2 Mbps 2.4 GHz 802.11a 54 Mbps 5 GHz 802.11b 11 Mbps 2.4 GHz 802.11g 54 Mbps 2.4 GHz Notes (1997) (1999)
Point to Point
The simplest connection. Atau peer to peer
Point to Multipoint
When more than one computer communicates with a central point, this is a point-to-multipoint network.
Multipoint to Multipoint
When any node of a network may communicate with any other, this is a multipoint-to-multipoint network (also known as mesh network)
WLAN Architecture
Ad-Hoc mode: Peer-to-peer setup where clients can connect to each other directly. Generally not used for business networks.
WLAN Architecture--Mesh
Every client in the network also acts as an access or relay point,
To Wired Network
AP
ad-hoc network
Source: Schiller
Infrastructure network
There is an Access Point (AP), which becomes the hub of a star topology. Any communication has to go through AP. If a Mobile Station (MS), like a computer, a PDA, or a phone, wants to communicate with another MS, it needs to send the information to AP first, then AP sends it to the destination MS Multiple APs can be connected together and handle a large number of clients. Used by the majority of WLANs in homes and businesses.
Ad hoc
Satuan Ukuran
Perbandingan ukuran
Spectrum Technology
Teknologi komunikasi yang menggunakan cukup spektrum frekuensi untuk membawa signal data High peak power Range frekuensi kecil
Menggunakan range frekuensi yang lebar Mengurangi kemungkinan data corrupt . Low peak power
Kelebihan
Karena sinyalnya seperti noise, shg Susah di deteksi Susah di modulasi tanpa alat khusus
Wireless Local Area Networks Wireless Personal Area Networks Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks
Antennas, continued
Omni-directional:
Vertical Whip Ceiling mount Yagi (Pringles can) Wall mounted panel Parabolic dish
Directional:
It is a requirement imposed by the regulatory authorities for devices in ISM band in order to reduce interference. There is also limitations on transmitted power. We discuss two methods specified in 802.11, FHSS and DSSS.
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
The frequency can hop over 78 hopping channels each separated by 1 MHz.
Channel 1 is at 2.403 GHz, Channel 2, 2.404 GHz, and so on up to Channel 77 at 2.479 GHz (US, Canada, and Europe standards).
These frequencies are divided into three patterns of 26 hops each corresponding channel numbers (0, 3, 6, 9, , 75), (1, 4, 7, 10, , 76), (2, 5, 8, 11, , 77), see p. 454, Fig. 11.5. Three APs can coexist without any hop collision, that results in a threefold increase in the capacity of the cell. Hop rate = 2.5 hops per second. (hop=loncatan turun-naik)
DSSS
DSSS mempunyai bandwidth 26 MHz (wideband) Frekuensi kerja (ISM band) 2.4 GHz terbagi ke dalam 11 overlapping channels spaced by 5 MHz. The coverage areas of two access points (Basic Service Sets, BSS) may overlap to increase capacity. For example, up to 8 users can use VoIP simultaneously through one access point. With two overlapping APs, 16 users can talk simultaneously. But the two APs have to use non-overlapping channels.
Modulasi yang digunakan pada FHSS dan DSSS adalalah Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK)
Modulation
Access Point
3 Mode Konfigurasi AP
Root Mode
Bridge Mode
Repeater Mode
Wireless Bridge
Root Mode
Salah satu bridge harus diset sebagai root bridge Bisa berkomunikasi dengan non-root bridge lainnya Tidak bisa berkomunikasi dengan root bridge lainnya Komunikasi bisa ke root bridge Punya kemampuan memperbolehkan client connect Berada diantara 2/lebih bridge Memperpanjang segmen wireless bridge
Non-root Mode
Repeater Mode
Fixed or Detachable Antennas Advanced Filtering Capabilities Removable (modular) Radio cards Variable Output Power Varied Types of Wired Connectivity
PCMCIA & compact flash cards Ethernet & serial converters USB Adapters PCI & ISA Adapters
Wireless Adapters
Types Infrastructure based Adhoc Advantages Flexible deployment Minimal wiring difficulties More robust against disasters (earthquake etc) Disadvantages Low bandwidth compared to wired networks (1-10 Mbit/s) Proprietary solutions (kepemilikan) Need to follow wireless spectrum regulations
Infrared uses IR diodes, diffuse light, multiple reflections (walls, furniture etc.) Advantages simple, cheap, available in many mobile devices no licenses needed simple shielding possible Disadvantages interference by sunlight, heat sources etc. many things shield or absorb IR light low bandwidth Example IrDA (Infrared Data Association) interface available everywhere
Radio typically using the license free ISM band at 2.4 GHz Advantages experience from wireless WAN and mobile phones can be used coverage of larger areas possible (radio can penetrate walls, furniture etc.) Disadvantages very limited license free frequency bands shielding more difficult, interference with other electrical devices Example WaveLAN, HIPERLAN, Bluetooth
Source: Schiller