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Secrets of Body Language arifanees@live.

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SECRETS OF BODY LANGUAGE


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Arif Anis

The Secrets of Body Language

Arif Anis
(This presentation is based on Arif Anis upcoming book) arifanees@live.com

Secrets of Body Language arifanees@live.com

Body language is a form of non-verbal communication, consisting of body pose, gestures, and eye movements. Humans send and interpret such signals subconsciously

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The Cortico-Limbic Theory for targeted communication (CLTC)

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to educate the thinking brain, the neocortex, with information that is already inherited in our emotional part of the brain ( Amygdala) in the limbic system..

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to better understand others, control our own body language to help us improve our communication skills

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Three interrelated brain networks involved in Emotional Body Language (EBL)

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Mehrabian's rule (1971) Three elements in any face-to-face communication

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1. Actual words ( Verbal) 7% 2. Tone, pitch, pace of voice ( Vocal) 38% 3. Facial Expression, gesture, posture (Visual) 55%

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Words are used primarily for conveying information, while body language is used for negotiating interpersonal attitudes and as a substitute for verbal messages

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Nonverbal Signals
Vary from culture to culture

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Microsoft Photo

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This is 'good' to Westerners, 'one' to Italians, 'five' to Japanese and 'up yours' to the Greeks Everyone

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Showing this American football gesture is a jailable offence in Italy

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'OK' to a Westerner, 'money' to a Japanese, 'zero' to the French and insulting to the Turks and Brazilians

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This can mean 'Good', 'One', 'Up yours' or 'Sit on this' depending where you live

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4 Basic positions
REFLECTIVE

OPEN/BACK, people are interested and receptive, but not actively accepting. Trying to close the sale or asking for an agreement now may drive them away into fugitive mode. This is the time to present further facts and incentives. It may also be a good time to Body leaning forward keep quiet and let them think.

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4 Basic positions
RESPONSIVE

OPEN/FORWARD the person is actively accepting. This is the time to close the sale, ask for agreement, Body leaninga demand forward concession.
Body leaning backwards

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4 Basic positions
FUGITIVE

Body leaning backwards

CLOSED/BACK, people are trying to escape physically through the door or mentally into boredom. Body leaning forward This is the time to spark interest in any way you can, even irrelevant to the message.

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4 Basic positions
COMBATIVE

CLOSED/FORWARD, there is active resistance. This is the time to defuse anger, avoid contradiction and outright Body leaning forward argument and to steer them into reflective mode.
Body leaning backwards

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Universal Gestures
Shoulder Shrug

Body leaning backwards

exposed palms to show nothing is being concealed in the hands Hunched shoulders to protect the throat from Body leaning forward attack Raised brow which is a universal, submissive greeting

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Three Rules for Accurate Reading


Rule 1. Read Gestures in Clusters
Scratching the head Scratching the head can mean uncertainty but also a sign dandruff canit'smean ofuncertainty but it's also a sign of dandruff
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Critical evaluation
Legs tightly crossed and arm crosses body thus implicated listener is defensive Head and chin are down implicate hostility I dont like what you are saying and I disagree with you

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Am I being critically evaluated now?


Body leaning backwards

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Let me first evaluate you

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Hillary Clinton uses this cluster when she's not convinced


Body leaning backwards

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Three Rules for Accurate Reading


Rule 2. Look for Congruence
When a person's words Scratching head andit's alsothesignlanguage are body of can mean uncertainty but a dandruff in conflict, women ignore what is said

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Three Rules for Accurate Reading


Rule 3. Read Gestures in Context
All gestures should be Scratching the head can mean uncertainty but it's also a sign of in the considered dandruff context in which they occur
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The man is cold, not defensive

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Why Kids are Easier to Read


Older people are harder to read than younger ones because they have less muscle tone in the face

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The child telling a lie


Covers the mouth with one or both hands they have less muscle tone in the face

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The teenager telling a lie


Rubs fingers lightly around the mouth

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The adult telling a lie

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The adult telling a lie


..or they can just bite lower lip, purse lips, or skew mouth from side to side

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The adult telling a lie


Bill Clinton answering questions about Monica Lewinsky in front of the Grand Jury

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Modern humans are worse at reading body signals than their ancestors because we are now distracted by words

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When men lie their body language can be obvious

Women prefer to look busy as they lie

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Body language is easier to fake with men than with women because, overall, men aren't good readers of body language

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Fakers can only pretend for a short period of time

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How to Detect Openness


The palms are intentionally used everywhere to infer an open, honest approach

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How to Detect Openness


'Trust me - I'm a doctor'

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Palm Power
Palm up = non threatening

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Palm Power
Palm down authority

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Palm Power
Adolf Hitler using one of history's most notable Palm-Down signals

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Palm Power
The Palm-ClosedFinger-Pointed gesture is one of the most annoying gestures annoying gestures

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Palm Power
The pointing finger creates negative feelings in most listeners
But often it can inspire the listeners

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Palm Power
..even for the war of independence

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Palm Power

Squeezing the thumb against the fingertips avoids intimidating the audience

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Hand Shakes
Dominant submissive

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Hand Shakes
Equal

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Hand Shakes
The Double-Hander

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Hand Shakes
The Double-Hander is like a miniature hug And It may produce discomfort in unfamiliar recipient

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Hand Shakes
Yasser Arafat plants a Double-Hander on Tony Blair, whose tight-lipped expression shows he's not impressed

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Hand Shakes that invades the personal space of the recipient

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The Wrist Hold

The Elbow Grasp

The Double-Hander is like a miniature hug


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The Upper-Arm Grip

The Shoulder Hold

The Double-Hander is like a miniature hug


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Hand Shakes that produce discomfort in recipient

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The Wet Fish :


Hyperhydrosis

The Vice :
A desire to dominate

The Double-Hander is like a miniature hug


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Bone-Crusher:
A desire to dominate

The Socket Wrencher :


Pulling the receiver into the initiator's territory

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The Finger-Tip Grab:


Personal space difference

The Stiff-Arm Thrust :


Aggression

The Double-Hander is like a miniature hug


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The Pump Handle :


Lack of sophistication

'Giving a handshake like a bunch of carrots'

The Dutch Treat :

The Double-Hander is like a miniature hug


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The Magic of Smile and Laughter

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False smiles pull back only the mouth, real smiles pull back both the mouth and eyes The Double-Hander is like a miniature hug
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False Smile signals fear and submission

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A primate 'fear face' (left) and a primate 'play face ( Right)

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When liars lie, the left side of the smile is usually more pronounced than the right

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Five Common Types of Smiles

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1.The Tight-Lipped Smile

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The Tight-Lipped Smile shows she has a secret and won't be sharing it with you

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Tony and Cherie Blair were 'tight lipped' about Cherie's last pregnancy

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2.The Twisted Smile

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The Twisted Smile means sarcasm ( Irony)

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3. The Drop-Jaw Smile

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Drop-Jaw smile with an attempt to fake smiling eyes

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A Drop-Jaw smile is a practiced smile where only the jaw is lowered to feign enjoyment

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4. Sideways-Looking-Up Smile

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Diana's Sideways-Looking-Up smile had a powerful effect on both men and women

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5.The George W Bush Grin

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The Permanent DownMouth

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The Down-Mouth expression can become a permanent facial feature

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The Arm Signals

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Crossed-Arms-on-Chest: he's not coming out and you're not coming in

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Fists-Clenched-ArmsCrossed (Standard arm cross) : shows a hostile attitude exists

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The Double-Arm-Grip (Reinforced arm cross) : feeling insecure and not buying what you're selling

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Thumbs-Up: defensive, but he still thinks he's pretty cool

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Holding-Hands-WithYourself ::Holding herself like her mother held her when she was a child

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The Broken Zipper Position : Makes a man feel secure

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Holding the hands over the crotch makes men feel more secure when they feel threatened

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Humans make a point of hiding the areas they think are their weakest or most vulnerable

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Famous people are just as nervous in public as the rest of us

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Prince Charles' Cuff-LinkAdjust revealing his insecurities

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Handbag used to form a barrier

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Flower grasping shows self consciousness :an attempt to disguise nervousness

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The arm barrier says 'no'

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She's now open to your ideas

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Hand and Thumb Gestures

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Rubbing the Palms Together

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Showing positive expectancy

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'Have I got a deal for you!'

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Thumb and Finger Rub

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'We can make money out of this!'

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Hands Clenched Together

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Hands clenched in raised position reveals frustration, even when smiling

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Hands clenched in centre position : Moderate degree of frustration

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Hands clenched in lower position : Mild degree of frustration

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Hands clenched in lower position : Mild degree of frustration

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The Steeple

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Confident he has the right answers

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Raised Steeple : Confident while talking

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Lowered Steeple : Confident while listening

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Women tend to use the Lowered Steeple position more

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The Face Platter

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The Face Platter Presenting her face for a man to admire

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Holding Hands Behind the Back

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Back and front views of the superiorityconfidence gesture

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The Hand-Gripping-Wrist Gesture : Frustration and an attempt at selfcontrol

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The Upper Arm Grip: More frustration

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Thumb Displays

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The Waistcoat Thruster : Thumbs are used to display dominance, assertiveness or sometimes aggressive attitudes

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Dominance / Superiority

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Thumbs-Protrudingfrom-Coat-Pocket: Prince Charles using his Thumb- Protruding-fromCoat-Pocket gesture

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Giving a contradictory verbal message: A lawyer pretending to be humble

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Thumbs-Protrudingfrom-Back-Pocket: A person is trying to hide his dominant attitude.

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Closing himself off but still feeling superior.

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signal of ridicule or disrespect when it is used to point at another person.

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Hand-to-Face Gestures

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Deceit, Doubt, Lying

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The Three Wise Monkeys.: Hear no evil, see no evil, speak no evil

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Lying Gestures

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The Mouth Cover or a Fake Cough.

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The Nose Touch/ Scratch: Can be used both by the speaker and the listener.

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The Eye Rub: 'I just can't see it'

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The Ear Grab : 'I don't want to hear it.'

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The Neck Scratch: Showing doubt/ uncertainty

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The Collar Pull: Getting hot under the collar due to tingling sensation or sweating

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Fingers-in-the-Mouth : Reassurance is needed here

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Boredom

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The hand supporting the head to stop from falling asleep

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Evaluation Gestures

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Interested evaluation the head supports itself and the hand rests on the cheek/ chin

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Having negative thoughts

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He's heard enough or is not impressed

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Rodin's The Thinker showed a thoughtful, evaluative attitude, but the body posture and hand supporting the head also reveal a dejected person

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Chin Stroking : Decision Making

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Female version of Chin Stroking

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Evaluation/decisionmaking cluster

Evaluation, decision, boredom cluster

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Eye Signals

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The Dilating Pupils

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Which picture do you find more attractive?

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The 'Looking Up' Cluster

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Princess Diana used the 'Looking Up' cluster to evoke world empathy during her marital problems

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Extended Blinking

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Shutting you out

Evaluation, decision, boredom cluster

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Types of Gazing

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The Social Gazing area

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The Intimate Gaze zone

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Women's wider peripheral vision means never getting caught; Men's Tunnel Vision means always getting caught

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The Power Gaze

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Eye Movements

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A. Recalling a picture

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B. Recalling a sound

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C. Recalling a feeling

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D. Talking Mentally to oneself

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The Power Lift using the pen to control where a person looks during a presentation

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Edwin T. Halls Personal Space or Zones

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Personal space the portable bubble we all carry around with us

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Women stand slightly closer to one another, face each other more and touch more than men do with other men

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Doctors and hairdressers are given permission to enter our Intimate Zones

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The people travelling on a crowded bus or in a lift aren't unhappy; they're just masking their emotions

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Whether we are in a crowded lift, cinema or bus, people around us become non-persons

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Common lift-riding rules:


1. There will be no talking to anyone, including a person you know.

2. Avoid eye contact with others at all times.


3. Maintain a 'poker face' - no emotion is permitted to be shown.

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4. If you have a book or newspaper, pretend to be deeply engrossed in it.


5. In bigger crowds, no body movement is allowed. 6. At all times, you must watch the floor numbers change at all times.

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The acceptable conversational distance for most Western, Northern European and Scandinavian city dwellers

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A man with a smaller spatial need forcing a woman to lean back to defend her space

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Two men from the city greet each other; their hands reaching to 18 inches (46cm)

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Two people from a country town reaching out to 36 inches (lm)

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People from a sparsely populated area keeping their distance

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Leg Signals

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The Attention Stance: Closed legs, Uuncommunicative

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Legs Apart: The Crotch Display - putting his masculinity on show

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The Foot-Forward Position pointing at where the mind wants to go

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The Standing-Leg-Cross: Defensive

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The Scissors - 'No comment but he's not leaving; uncertain

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She's more likely to be cold or just looking for the rest room

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1. Uncertain about each other

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2. Openness and acceptance

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The European/British Leg Cross

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Not open to communicating on any level

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Ready to argue the point the American Figure Four

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The Leg Clamp - is a sign of the tough-minded, stubborn individual who rejects any opinion other than their own

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The Ankle Lock: A woman minimizing her leg space and a man taking up more space

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Shy, timid people use the Leg Twine

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Men voted Parallel-Legs as their number one favorite position in women who are seated

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He's coming on strong with One-Foot-Forward and Crotch Display; she's either undecided or not keen

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Seating Positions

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taking the whole seat feet steady on the floor sitting up straight slightly leant forward

taking the seat before it has


been offered to you wiggling nervous movements

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Sitting at the edge


to be in a hurry

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to lean back passivity arrogance disinterest

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feet crossed under chair not steady on floor uncertainty

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body barriers

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not showing your hands

uncommunicative keeping secrets

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Head Signals

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1. Head Up: Neutral Head Position

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2.The Head Tilt: displays the vulnerable neck and makes a person appear smaller and more submissive

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Tilting the head to reveal the vulnerable neck appears to be intuitively understood by most people

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3. Head Down: a negative, judgmental or aggressive attitude

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The Head Duck trying to appear smaller in order not to cause offence to others

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the Hands-on-Hips gesture

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Hands-on-Hips makes you look bigger and more noticeable because you take up more space.

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Elbows up and pointed shows readiness to dominate

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Hands-on-Hips used by models to make clothing more appealing

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The cowboy stance - his fingers point at what he wants you to notice

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The sexually assertive female

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Gesture clusters show aggressive attitudes

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Contradictory signals: his right arm shows pointed aggression while his left hand attempts to protect his front

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Leg-Over-the-Arm-ofChair: Informality, aggressiveness, indifference and lack of concern

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Straddling a Chair: The Straddler wants to dominate or control while, at the same time, protecting his front

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The Catapult: This is a seated version of the Hands-on-Hips pose

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The classic position showing readiness for action

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Mirroring

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Thinking alike

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Mirroring the other person's body language to gain acceptance

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Mirroring the other person's body language to gain acceptance

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A boss would perceive a subordinate's mirroring behavior as arrogance

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Smoking

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Women use the cigarette as a social display to open the body and display the wrist; men close their bodies when they smoke and prefer secretive holds

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Smoke blown up: confident, superior, positive; smoke blown down: negative, secretive, suspicious

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Eye Glasses

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Using the glasses to stall for time

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Solid frame glasses can make you look more sincere and intelligent; over-the-top frames don't

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Peering-Over-the-Glasses intimidates everyone

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Creating the 'Four Eyes' effect of dilated pupils

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Body Angles

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Each standing at 45-degree angles to avoid coming across as aggressive

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Open triangular position encouraging the entry of a third person

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Body Pointing

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Body Pointing is used to close off a couple and exclude the man on the right

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Foot Pointing

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Feet signaling what's on the owner's mind

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Body Lowering and Status

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We reduce our height to show subordination to others and increase height to gain status

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Seating Arrangements

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The Corner Position: This is the most successful strategic position from which person B can deliver a presentation to person A

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The Co-operative Position

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Competitive/Defensive position

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The Independent Position tells others you don't want to get involved

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Keeping both parties involved when answering a question

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Power Positions at a rectangular table

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'Open families go for round tables, 'closed' families select square tables and 'authoritative' types select rectangular tables

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Thank You
Please read the upcoming book of the author on the secrets of body language and email you comments to arifanees@live.com

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