IELTS7288

EDUCATION
1
impart(vt.)/inculcate(vt.) knowledge

instill(vt.) high moral values (values)

give the students motivation to do sth.

Motivate the students to do sth.

stimulate the students thought

give the students inspiration

cultivate/foster/nurture(vts.)

promote the students physical/mental/ intellectual and emotional development

psychological soundness/ well-being/welfare(adjs)

mould(BrE,vt) ones character

a sense of obligation
()
aptitude/talent

ability/skill
2
n
schooling(n)
n
upbringing(n) parenting(n)

methodology/pedagogical methodology

force-feed(vt.) the students

Students should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas

learn things by rote

memorise(BrE) for memorisations own sake

memorise(vt.) equations,formulas,theorems and laws(nouns)

apply

follow something blindly/indiscriminately(advs)

extinguish(vt.)/stifle(vt.)/constrain(vt.) creativity(noun)

dampen/sap(vts) the students enthusiasm/

frustrate the students

beget/create undue pressure

3
segregate(vt.) students

peer pressure
v
adapt to sth./adjust oneself to sth./become accustomed to sth.

adaptability

adverse circumstances/adversity

team spirit(n)

think independently(adv)

learn things through understanding

encourage students to think critically(adv)

students feedback/input
students appraise/evaluate(vts) their teachers performance
students grasp/command(n) of what has been taught
4

curriculum(n)

syllabus

extra-curricular activities

a school is society in miniature

(n)
indiscipline/misbehaviour/mischief(n)
(daj)
disruptive/unruly students
5
theoretical knowledge

employable/marketable skills

generalist

specialist

well-rounded/versatile(adj)
contribute to societal(adj) well-being(n)/welfare(n)
6
humanities
social sciences
arts

liberal arts/ liberal studies

sciences

 engineering
discipline

basic sciences

applied sciences

primary-level education

secondary-level education

tertiary-level education

vocational education/training

youths/youngsters/adolescents
Technology
1
biotechnology

cloning (n) clone(v)

telecommunications(n)

cutting-edge(adj) technology

information explosion/overload

the information age/era

the proliferation(n) of the Internet

n
space exploration
ones genetic makeup/ ones DNA programming
2

technological innovations/inventions/advances/progression(n)

augment/enhance/boost(vts) efficiency

augment/enhance/boots productivity
labour-saving machinery
labour-replacing machinery

automation(n)/ automated(adj)
3
transform/revolutionise(vts)/ fundamentally change sth.
advance/progress(vis) at an unprecedented(adj) rate
unprecedentedastonishing
sth is advancing by leaps and bounds
create/produce/generate/breed/spawn(vts)/result in/lead to/ profound(adj)/
/pervasive(adj) influence/impact/bearing/implications/repercussions(n)
Media
1

violate/intrude on/infringe on someones privacy

tarnish/sully/smear/besmirch(vts) ones reputation
paparazzi( s)
the press
the print media
news outlets

the electronic media

a celebrity/celebrities(plu)
current affairs

scandals
prevalent/ubiquitous/pervasive(adj)
2 censor(vt)
delete/eliminate/excise(vts)
excessive/gratuitous violent and pornographic(adjs) contents

report sth. In graphic detail

n media hype

misleading/misrepresented/distorted(adjs)
fraudulent(adj)
false/bogus(adjs)
exaggerate(vt) things/sensationalise(vt) things/blow things out of all proportio
be awash with/be inundated with/be saturated with sth.
cover up/gloss over/whitewash
biased/skewed/ unobjective (adjs)
3 factual accounts(n)
reliable/trustworthy/dependable
objective and balanced(adjs)
up-to-the-minute(adj)/up-to-date(adj)
informative

 entertaining(adj)
newsworthy(adj)
scrutiny(n)/scrutinize(vt)/monitor(vt)
expose/reveal(vts)
n code of ethics/code of conduct
Government
1 authorities(n)
citizens/the citizenry
regulate/administer/oversee(vts)
implement(vt)
legislate(vi)/make laws
a democratic and progressive government
(v) strictly prohibit/ban altogether
stringent laws/legislation

rules and regulations

2 allocate money to sth. /be a patron of/invest in/finance(vt)/fund(vt)/de
to sth.
budget
tax revenue(n)
n government spending/expenditure on sth.
v curtail(vt)
augment(vt)
n priority
give priority to sth.
n responsibility/obligation
humanitarian (adj) aid (n)
administer/regulate
2
arms race(n)
self-defence(BrE,n)
expansion/aggression(n)
seek/pursue(vts) hegemony(n)
a vicious circle(n)
destabilising factors
space race(n)
weapons/arms/armaments(n)
laid-off workers/downsized workers
n unemployment/joblessness
3
infrastructure

public transport system(BrE)

power grid
oil and gas pipelines
water supply and drainage system
Language & Culture
1 a lingua franca/a universal language/a global language
the proliferation(n) of English
the dominant role/the ascendancy/the hegemony of English

dialect(n)/vernacular/the indigenous language

lesser-known language will become extinct/obsolete(adjs)
n the extinct/demise of lesser-known languages
2

customs,rites,rituals and mores, etc.
preserve (vt)
forefathers/ancestors
descendants/posterity
3 ethnic minorities
the harmony(n) between ethnic groups/races
cultural integration and synthesis(n)
interaction

cultural diversity
v enrich(vt)

 insular/provincial/parochial(adjs)/parochial(adjs) mentality
v deprecate/denigrate/minimize(vts) the importance of /disparage/trivialize/discre
ts)
sth. is not set/carved in stone
Development
1
the tempo/pace of life has accelerated

fatigue(n)
depression
sleeplessness/sleep-deprivation/insomnia(n)
createvtalienation(n) between people
materialistic/mercenary/money-worshipping(adjs)
pursue(vt) maximum profit
traffic jams/traffic congestions/gridlock
(v) impede/hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vts)
worrying/worrisome/disturbing/disquieting/disconcerting(adjs)
v undermine/spoil/do a disservice to sth/ruin/imperil/endanger/jeopardise(Br
nharm/damage/destruction/devastation
v worsen(vi,vt)/deteriorate(vi)
amplify(vt)/magnify(vt)/exacerbate(vt)/aggravate(vt) a problem

ease/alleviate/mitigate(vts)
2
old building of special aesthetic value
building of historic significance
vernacular dwellings
beautify(vt) the cities/better(vt) the cityscape
decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated(adjs)
tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/knock down a building
high-rise buildings
skyscrapers
urbanisation(n)
the disparity(n) between the city and the countryside
urban
rural
relocate(vi,vt)
3 v telecommute(vi)
leisure/recreation(n0
n amusement and enjoyment(n)
entertainment/diversion
(n) laissez-faire management(n)
n operating costs/overhead cost
v recruit(vt)
adj counterproductive
labour(BrE) pool
4 population explosion(n)/population boom
birth control/family planning
needy/poverty-stricken/impoverished/deprived/destitute/indigent
affluent/wealthy/well-off
pretentious/ostentatious(adjs)
sedentary(adj) lifestyle
overnourishment(n)
poverty alleviation(n)
Globalistaion
(national or regional) cultural identity
(n,) global cultural homogenization(n)
cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity
Globalisation is a two-edged sword
the global village

sweeping trends

synthesize the Asian and Western culture

erode(v)
universal(adj)

Women & Families

1 gender equality
sexism/gender discrimination
a progressive/enlightened society
2 be tied down by household chores

child bearing(n)

child rearing(n)
maternal instinct

housework/household chores

parenting
generation gap/disparity
personality clashes
3 elderly people/senior citizens
adolescents/youngsters

family bonds/family ties

a sense of belonging
n an attachment to sth/an affinity for sth

deprived family

affluent families
upbringing
4
mistreat/abuse(vts)
domestic violence
(n)
addiction to drugs/ be addicted(adjs) to drugs

single-parent households

broken families/dysfunctional households

salvage(vt)
Tourism
1
tourist attractions/tourist spots/places of interest
push back/expand ones vision/horizons
tourists can interact with the locals
promote cultural communication
draw/attract/appeal to (vts)/be a magnet for somebody
(n) first-hand experience
multi-sensory(adj)

mutual understanding
2
seclude/isolate(vts) the tourist from the locals
commercialise/commodity(vts)

tourist traps

conflict(n,vi+with)
(n) discord/dissension
n second-hand experience/vicarious experience

cultural heritage

the Internet will not render tourism obsolete

Environment
1 ecosystem/ecological system
the flora(n)
the fauna(n)
the wildlife in a region/the biota(flora+faund) of a region

biodiversity(n)

ecological balance/ecological equilibrium(n)

2
sustainable development
environmentalist/conservationists

environmentally-friendly(adj)
conserve(vt)
preserve
reuse/recycle
3
fertile soil

infertile soil
n arable land/farmland
boost crop yield


exploit natural resources
4 n shortage/scarcity/dearth/lack
5
consume/deplete(vts)
use up/exhaust(vts)

put a strain on the already stretched resources

wreak(vt) havoc(n) on natural resources
ozone layer
deforestation(n)
pollute/contaminate(vts)
poisonous/toxic(adjs)
effluent/sewage
discharge
greenhouse effect/global warming

severe/grave/grievous(adjs)
non-biodegradable garbage/wastes that cannot decompose or breakdown/in
deteriorate/aggravate
6
renewable resources

non-renewable resources(metals,minerals,petroleum,nat
7
countries on this planet must join forces/makes a concerted
solve/address(vts) environmental problems
condemn rather than condone(vts) sth

harsh action/measures
raise/elevate the public awareness of sth
Crime
break/violate/flout/disobey the law
commit a crime
offences(BrE)/crimes/criminal acts
criminal/offender/culprit/perpetrator
accomplice/accessory(n)/convicts(n)
victim(n)
trauma(n)

resent society/hold a grudge against society

inmate/convicts(n)
cell
(v) imprison/incarcerate(vts) someone

educate/edify(vts) criminals
lenient(adj)

reform/rehabilitate criminals

law enforcement agencies

heinous crimes/flagitious crime/felony(n)

petty crime/misdemeanour(BrE)
first-time offender
hardened criminals/repeat criminals

curb/halt/check(vts) the rampant(adj) crimes

(v)
revert(vi) to crime
(n)
recidivism

law-abiding citizens

abide by/comply with the law

(v)
disregard

traumatise(vt) someone
track down/hunt down/capture(vt)

premeditated crime
(n) criminal tendency
Animal

animal experiments
be brought to justice

animal rights activists

medical research

cruel/merciless/inhuman/callous/brutal(adjs)

vivisection


anaesthetic(BrE,n)

alleviate/ease(vts) animals pain

pets are companions of their masters

afford their masters consolation and comfort(n)

poach(vi,vt)/poaching(n)
there are no replacements/substitutes/alternatives(s) for
(n)
anthropomorphism

endangered species