Theme Program languages were developed around available Hardware With each language new capabilities and markets

s were unlocked in conjuncture with hardware developments such as processing speed, memory, size, and cost Target Goal Max 5 languages per decade Per decade Notable languages its strengths script example Notable Hardware Processing speed memory size price Types of programmers Notable achievements reached through computers and programming Into Moores Law 1886 Due to rapid increase in immigration, Uncle Sam predicts 1890 Census tabulation will take 13 years to calculate US population. Herman Hollerith writes Hollerith Code on punchcards used the Electronic tabulation machine to finish census results months ahead of schedule and far under budget" His development of punched cards in 1886 set the programming industry standard for the next 80 years of tabulating and computing data input. 1940s WWII causes Allied forces the need to compute accurate targeting and information gathering Colossus (british) was the world's first electronic, digital, programmable computer used to break encrypted German communications. Kept secret until 70s o Program Languages o Programmable Boolean function limited by tape speed - 5,000

characters per second with the paper tape moving at 40 ft/s

ENIAC (American) Giant Brain the first general-purpose electronic computer was originally designed for Ballistics tables for American artillery. Boasted computing speeds 1,000x faster than its known predecessors. It could not only add and subtract but hold a ten-digit decimal number in memory. It weighed more than 27 tons, 100 ft long and rumored to dim the lights in Philadelphia every time it turned on. o Program Languages ENIAC Coding System - ten-position ring counters to store

digits,
ENIAC Short o Efficiency 5,000 simple arithmetic equations per second. 1950s COBAL and FORTRAN eventually displaced most Machine language.

Atomic scientists for A-bombs (need super accurate information) FORTRAN or formula translation was the first high level programming language (software) invented for IBM in 1954, and released commercially in 1957. Fortran is still used today for programming scientific and mathematical applications. Fortran began as a digital code interpreter for the IBM 701 and was originally named Speedcoding. COBOL was invented in 1959 and is ideally suited for the solution of business problems. For example, if a company wanted to keep track of its employees annual wages, COBOL would be ideal language for implementation. It is interesting to note that COBOL was the first programming language whose use was mandated by the Department of Defense (DoD) 1960s Logo, Simula, GenCode. Primarily education languages. Logo was created in 1967 for educational use, more so for constructivist teaching. It can be used to teach most computer science concepts Simula is considered the first object-oriented programming language. Simula was designed for doing simulations, and the needs of that domain provided the framework for many of the features of object-oriented languages today. Notable hardware: The IBM 1401 was aimed at replacing electromechanical unit record equipment for processing data stored on punched cards. Spacewar! is one of the earliest known digital computer games. 1970s Pascal, C and SQL Pascal was based on the ALGOL programming language. o Parts of the original Macintosh operating system were hand-translated into Motorola 68000 assembly language from the Pascal sources. C is a general-purpose computer programming language developed between 1969 and 1973 for use with the Unix operating system. o Used for website and system programming. SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems (RDBMS). o Its scope includes data insert, query, update and delete, schema creation and modification, and data access control. Uses include: General Consumer electronics: microwave, fuel injection, Midsized business word processing, spreadsheets, data storage 1980s C++, Perl, BASIC and introduction of the Personal Computer. C++ is one of the most popular programming languages[4][5] with application domains including systems software, application software, device drivers, embedded software, high-performance server and client applications, and entertainment software such as video games.[

Perl is used for graphics programming, system administration, network programming, finance, bioinformatics, and other applications. BASIC was designed to allow students to write programs for the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System. Hardware/use: Nintendo, Apple/Macintosh, PCs, IBM, Commodore 64 1990s Python, Visual Basic, Java Python was conceived in the late 1980s[9] and its implementation was started in December 1989 as a successor to the ABC programming language (itself inspired by SETL)[11] capable of exception handling and interfacing with the Amoeba operating system. Visual Basic was derived from BASIC and enables the rapid application development (RAD) of graphical user interface (GUI) applications, access to databases using Data Access Objects, Remote Data Objects, or ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of ActiveX controls and objects. Java is currently one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server web applications. It is a general-purpose, concurrent, class-based, object-oriented language that is specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. Notable Hardware: PDA Laptops MP3 players Cell phones 2000s C#, .net, apis C# was developed by Microsoft within its .NET initiative and later approved as a standard by Ecma (ECMA-334) and ISO (ISO/IEC 23270:2006). C# is one of the programming languages designed for the Common Language Infrastructure. The .NET Framework (pronounced dot net) is a software framework that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows. It includes a large library and supports several programming languages which allows language interoperability (each language can use code written in other languages). API stands for application programming interface and is a source code based specification intended to be used as an interface by software components to communicate with each other. An API may include specifications for routines, data structures, object classes, and variables. Hardware and uses: Ipods, tablets, smartphones, clouds, Facebook