ENGLISH-METRIC USAGE

Introduction
In 1975, the Metric Conversion Act was passed by Congress and signed by the President of the United States; thus, the International System of Units (SI) was adopted in order for the United States to join other nations in using the SI metric system. In July 1991, the President of the United States issued an Executive Order that reaffirmed the 1975 Metric Conversion Act directive. All executive branch departments and agencies of the United States Government are directed to take all appropriate measures within their authority to carry out the provisions of Executive Order 12770. The SI metric system is a modern form of the old meter, kilogram, second, ampere metric system. It is intended to be the basis for worldwide standardization of units of measure. With this system, the use of some non-SI units was inevitable because of the traditional use of the old metric units in some countries. Although the system is now used worldwide by scientists, some U.S. firms and government agencies have not changed their equipment, tools, machinery, etc., to a metric scale of measurement because of the expense and inconvenience involved. Some authors and editors avoid metric units because they do not completely understand the SI system. Although the SI system supposedly uses unambiguous symbols, it allows the use of some non-SI units. This becomes confusing because we find ourselves using a mixture of English and metric units (e.g., barrels, meters, pounds per square inch).

Metric Usage in Federal Government Programs

EM.1.Use SI metric or both SI metric and English (inch-pound) units in all publications. If using both, show the metric unit first followed by the the U.S. customary unit in parentheses.

Maps and illustrations that carry a bar or rake scale or other units dimensions or quantities should show both metric and English
or their equivalents.

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EM.2.Whenever possible, use the units recommended in Federal Standard 376A, Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government. These MMS Preferred Units are listed in the tables following EM.8. EM.3.Metric expressions should have the same degree of precision as that of the inch-pound value (magnitude) from which the conversion is made. To determine the metric magnitude equivalent to an inch-pound magnitude, multiply by the appropriate conversion factor, and then round off to reflect the precision of the original inch-pound value. EM.4.Conversion factors, rounding, and other elements of metric system usage should be based on latest editions of the following documents: American Petroleum Institute Publication 2564Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 15Guidelines for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) in the Petroleum and Allied Industries. American National Standard ANSI/IEEE Std 268Standard Metric Practice (as revised). (Copies may be obtained from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers [IEEE], 345 East 47th St., New York, NY 10017.) ASTM E 380Standard for Metric Practice (as revised). (Copies may be obtained from the ASTM, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.) ANMC851Metric Editorial Guide (Fourth Edition revised), April 1985. (Copies may be obtained from the American National Metric Council [ANMC], 1010 Vermont Ave., NW., Suite 1010, Washington, DC 20005.) EM.5.Include a conversion table in all reports and publications. Place the conversion table either in the front matter or in the back matter of the publication. List the table in the Contents section of all publications. Although there are no designated formats, you may devise a table including only those units appearing in your publication. A sample table is included here for your guidance, or you may create your own by referring to GPO (p. 241) or to the Standard for Metric Practice booklet (ASTM E 38076) published in 1980 by the American Society for Testing and Materials.

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EnglishMetric Conversion
Measurements in this document are reported in SI metric units followed by the English equivalents in parentheses. The following table provides the factors for converting measurements to either U.S. customary (inch-pound) units or the International System (SI) of metric units.

Inch-Pound unit

(multiply by to obtain)

SI Metric unit

inches ....................................................... 2.54........................................ centimeters feet............................................................ 0.3048.................................... meters statute miles ........................................... 1.609...................................... kilometers nautical (geographic) miles ................... 1.852...................................... kilometers acres ......................................................... 0.4047.................................... hectares barrels (petroleum, 1 bbl = 42 gal)...... 0.15897.................................. cubic meter gallons ...................................................... 3.785...................................... liters cubic feet.................................................. 0.02832.................................. cubic meters tons, long (deadweight, 2,240 lb) ......... 1.016...................................... metric tons

SI Metric unit

(multiply by to obtain)

U.S. Customary unit

centimeters .............................................. 0.3937.................................... inches meters ...................................................... 3.281...................................... feet kilometers ................................................ 0.6214.................................... miles, statute kilometers ................................................ 0.5400.................................... miles, geographic (nautical) hectares.................................................... 2.47105.................................. acres cubic meters ............................................ 6.290...................................... barrels (petroleum, 1 bbl = 42 gal) liters ......................................................... 0.2642.................................... gallons metric tons .............................................. 0.9842.................................... tons, long (deadweight, 2,240 lb)
NOTE: Distances on the Federal Outer Continental Shelf and on land are measured in statute miles. Distances on the offshore State lands are measured in nautical (geographic) miles. Generally, coastal States were granted jurisdiction over offshore lands to a distance of 3 nautical miles from their coasts by the Submerged Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 1301, et seq.). The offshore jurisdiction of Texas and Florida (on its gulf coast side only) extends to 3 marine leagues (approximately 10.35 statute miles) for historic reasons.

Definitions and Conventions

EM.6.Use the International System of Units (from the French Le Systme International dUnites), as modified for use in the United States by the Secretary of Commerce. Inch-pound units.Units based upon the yard and the pound commonly used in the United States of America and defined by the National Bureau of Standards. Note that units having the same names in other countries may differ in magnitude. For purposes of this document, inch-pound units include other units used extensively at present.

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Rates and Other Derived Quantities.It is not practical to list all quantities, but others such as rates can be readily derived. For example, to convert from in/s to cm/s multiply by 2.54; to convert from Btu/lb to J/kg multiply by (1055.056)/(0.453 592 37) or 2326.00. Conversion Factors.Conversion factors are shown from inchpound values to metric values, generally to seven significant digits. Exact conversion factors are indicated by an asterisk (*). For conversion from metric values to inch-pound values, divide rather than multiply by the factor. For example, to convert 16.3 meters to yards, divide by 0.9144; the answer is 17.826 yards, which rounds to 17.8 yards. Rounding.The following guidance on rounding is quoted from the ANWC Metric Editorial Guide, third edition, and is applicable to converting to inch-pound values as well as to metric values. For everyday rounding of metric values obtained by converting untoleranced inch-pound values, the following simplified rules are suggested, but for more sophisticated rounding rules, see Section 4 of ASTM #380-82 or ANSI/IEEE Std. 268-1982. (a) If the inch-pound value is expressed by a combination of units, such as feet and inches, or pounds and ounces, first express it in terms of the smaller unit.
14 ft 5 in = 173 in

(b) When the digits to be discarded begin with a 5 or more, increase by one unit the last digit retained.
8.3745, if rounded to three digits, would be 8.37; if rounded to four digits, would be 8.375.

(c) Multiply the inch-pound value by the conversion factor. If the first significant digit of the metric value is equal to or larger than the first significant digit of the inch-pound value, round the metric value to the same number of significant digits as there are in the inch-pound value.
11 mi x 1.609 km/mi = 17.699 km, which rounds to 18 km 61 mi x 1.609 km/mi = 98.149 km, which rounds to 98 km

If smaller, round to one more significant digit.

66 mi x 1.609 km/mi = 106.194 km, which rounds to 106 km 8 ft x 0.3048 m/ft = 2.4384 m, which rounds to 2.4 m

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(d) Exceptions. It is sometimes better to round to one less digit than specified above. For example, according to rule (c), 26 pounds per square inch air pressure in an automobile tire would be converted as follows:
26 psi x 6.895 kPa/psi = 179.27 kPa, which rounds to 179 kPa (psi = pound-force per square inch or lbf/in2)

But, 180 kPa, where the zero is not a significant digit, would usually be better because tire pressures are not expected to be very precise. The rules do not apply to conversion of F to C. (e) The simplified rules given above do not eliminate the necessity for using good judgment. If you believe that a dimension given merely as 8 ft is actually valid to the nearest 1/10 inch, you should consider it to mean 96.0 inches (per [a]) and treat it as having three significant digits. The rounded dimension would then be 2.438 m instead of 2.4 m. Where an inch-pound value represents a maximum or minimum limit that must be respected, the rounding must be in the direction that does not violate the original limit. the beginning of a One or more zeroesatatthe end of a numbernumber are not called significant. Zeroes are not considered

significant unless their use results in a number that is closer to the true value than would be the case if the number were increased or decreased by 1.

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Useful Metric Tables

[The following tables are from the GPO Style Manual, p. 241.]

Length
Myriameter (obsolete) ................... Kilometer........................................ Hectometer .................................... Dekameter ..................................... Meter.............................................. Decimeter ...................................... Centimeter ..................................... Millimeter ....................................... 10,000 meters ............................................... 1,000 meters ............................................... 100 meters ............................................... 10 meters ............................................... 1 meter ............................................... 0.1 meter ............................................... 0.01 meter ............................................... 0.001 meter ............................................... 6.2137 miles 0.62137 mile 328 feet 1 inch 393.7 inches 39.37 inches 3.937 inches 0.3937 inch 0.0394 inch

Area
Hectare.................................... 10,000 square meters ............................................... Are.............................................. 100 square meters ............................................... Centiare ......................................... 1 square meter ............................................... 2.471 acres 119.6 square yards 1,550 square inches

Weight
Name Metric ton, millier or tonneau ....... Kilogram or kilo............................. Hectogram ..................................... Dekagram ...................................... Gram.............................................. Decigram ....................................... Centigram ...................................... Milligram ........................................ No. of grams 1,000,000 1,000 100 10 1 .1 .01 .001 Vol. of water corresponding to weight 1 cubic meter 1 liter 1 deciliter 10 cubic centimeters 1 cubic centimeter 0.1 cubic centimeter 10 cubic millimeters 1 cubic millimeter Avoirdupois weight of water 2,204.6 pounds 2.2046 pounds 3.5274 ounces 0.3527 ounce 15.432 grains 1.5432 grains 0.1543 grain 0.0154 grain

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Capacity
Name Kiloliter or stere Hectoliter Dekaliter Liter No. of liters 1,000 100 10 1 Metric cubic measure 1 cubic meter 0.1 cubic meter 10 cubic decimeters 1 cubic decimeter U.S. measure 1.308 cubic yards 2.838 bushels; 26,417 gallons 1.135 pecks; 2.6417 gallons 0.908 dry quart; 1.0567 liquid quarts 6.1023 cubic inches; 0.845 gill 0.6102 cubic inch; 0.338 fluid ounce 0.061 cubic inch; 0.271 fluid dram British measure 1.308 cubic yards 2.75 bushels; 22.00 gallons 8.80 quarts; 2.200 gallons 0.880 quart

Deciliter Centiliter

.1 .01

0.1 cubic decimeter 10 cubic centimeters 1 cubic centimeter

0.704 gill 0.352 fluid ounce

Milliliter

.001

0.284 fluid dram

Common Measures and their Metric Equivalents

Common measure Inch ........................... Foot ........................... Yard........................... Rod............................ Mile............................ Square inch .............. Square foot ............... Square yard .............. Square rod................ Acre........................... Square mile .............. Cubic inch................. Cubic foot ................. Cubic yard ................ Cord .......................... Liquid quart, U.S. .... Equivalent 2.54 centimeters 0.3048 meter 0.9144 meter 5.029 meters 1.6093 kilometers 6.452 square centimeters 0.0929 square meter 0.836 square meter 25.29 square meters 0.4047 hectare 259 hectares 16.39 cubic centimeters 0.0283 cubic meter 0.7646 cubic meter 3.625 steres 0.9463 liter Common measure Dry quart, U.S. ...................... Quart, imperial....................... Gallon, U.S. ........................... Gallon, imperial ..................... Peck, U.S. ............................. Peck, imperial........................ Bushel, U.S. .......................... Bushel, imperial..................... Ounce, avoirdupois ............... Pound, avoirdupois ............... Ton, long................................ Ton, short............................... Grain ...................................... Ounce, troy............................ Pound, troy ............................ Equivalent 1.101 liters 1.136 liters 3.785 liters 4.546 liters 8.810 liters 9.092 liters 35.24 liters 36.37 liters 28.35 grams 0.4536 kilogram 1.0160 metric tons 0.9072 metric ton 0.0648 gram 31.103 grams 0.3732 kilogram

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Metric Usage Tips

EM.7.The following style and usage tips were taken from the February 1976 edition of the Standard for Metric Practice booklet. Use unit symbols properly, as they have been internationally agreed on. Print unit symbols in roman type (upright, not italic) regardless of the type style of the surrounding text, including prefix and unit symbols. Use the same form of unit symbols in both the singular and the plural form. Do not insert a period after unit symbols except when they are used at the end of a sentence. Lowercase letter unit symbols (e.g., mm, bbl) unless they are derived from a proper name, in which case capitalize the first letter of the symbol (e.g., Pa). Insert a space between the numerical value and the unit symbol in a complete expression of quantity (i.e., 35 mm, not 35mm). If the quantity is used in an adjectival sense, use a hyphen (i.e., 35-mm film). (See rule S.13.) Do not insert a space between the prefix and unit symbol (e.g., mm, km, kg). Use symbols, not abbreviations, for units (i.e., A, not amp., for ampere). Treat spelled-out unit names as common nouns in English and therefore lowercase them (e.g., pascals, newtons). Form most unit-name plurals according to English grammar rules (i.e., henry, henries). However, some are formed irregularly (lux, lux; siemens, siemens). Do not insert a space or hyphen between the prefix and unit name (i.e., hectare, kilometer). Do not mix symbols and unit names in the same expression (i.e., joules per kilogram or J/kg, not joules/kg). Use a zero before the decimal point for numbers less than one. Avoid using billion in documents targeted for an international audience because it means a thousand million in the United States, but a million million in most other countries.

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Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government

EM.8.Federal Standard No. 376A (May 5, 1983) entitled Preferred Metric Units for General Use by the Federal Government was developed by the Metric Practice and Preferred Units Subcommittee of the Metrication Operating Committee of the Interagency Committee on Metric Policy and was coordinated with all departments and agencies of the Federal Government. The Federal Standard lists preferred metric units (SI units and units accepted for use with SI) and is recommended for use throughout the Federal Government. The following documents form a part of this standard: ISO 1000 - SI Units and Recommendations for the Use of Their Multiples and of Certain Other Units, 1981 edition. ASTM E 380-82 - Standard for Metric Practice. ANSI/IEEE Standard Metric Practice. ANMC-78-1 - Metric Editorial Guide (third edition). The list of preferred metric units contains conversion factors for converting inch-pound values to metric values, generally to seven significant digits. Exact conversion factors are denoted by an asterisk (*). Because the list of preferred metric units does not contain specialized units peculiar to some departments and agencies, such as with MMS and the use of BOE and MMbbl, each department and agency is encouraged to prepare a supplemental list of preferred units. Such units peculiar to MMS are listed in the MMS Supplemental List of Preferred Units at the end of this section.

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MMS Preferred Metric Units

[An asterisk (*) denotes an exact conversion factor. Letters in parentheses in the last column correlate to the notes at the end of this conversion table.]
To convert metric values to inch-pound values, divide rather than multiply by the factor (e.g., to convert 16.3 meters to yards, divide by 0.9144; the answer is 17.826 yards, which rounds to 17.8 yards).

Space and Time

Quantity plane angle rad (degree) (degree) (minute) (second) grade (gon) solid angle length sr nmi (nautical mile) mi (statute) mi (international) fathom yd ft (survey) ft (international) in in mil micron in fuel efficiency area mi/gal mi2 (statute) acre acre yd2 ft
2

From Inch-Pound Units rad rad rad sr nmi km km m m m m cm mm m m m nm km/L km2 ha m2 m2 m2 cm2 mm2 m2

To Metric Units

Multiply by *1.0 (same unit) 0.017 453 29 *1.0 (a) (same unit) *1.0 (a) (same unit) *1.0 (a) (same unit) 0.015 707 96 *1.0 (same unit) *1.0 (b) (same unit) 1.609 347 (c) *1.609 344 (c) *1.828 8 *0.914 4 0.304 800 6 (c) *0.304 8 (c) *2.54 *25.4 *25.4 *1.0 (d) (same unit) *0.025 4 *0.1 0.425 143 7 (e) 2.589 998 (c) 0.404 687 3 (c) 4 046.873 (c) 0.836 127 4 *0.092 903 04 *6.451 6 *645.16 506.707 5

in2 in
2

circular mil Source: Federal Standard No. 376A (May 5, 1983)

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MMS Preferred Metric Units Space and Timecontinued

Quantity volume From Inch-Pound Units acre foot yd
3 3 3

To Metric Units m
3 3 3 3

Multiply by 1 233.489 (c) 0.764 554 9 0.158 987 3 0.028 316 85 28.316 85

m m

bbl (oil) (42 gallons) ft ft

m L

board foot bushel peck gallon (liq) quart (liq) pint (liq) fl oz in
3

m L L L L L

0.002 359 737 35.239 07 8.809 768 3.785 412 0.946 352 9 0.473 176 5 29.573.53 16.387 06 236.588 2 1.0 (f) 14.786 76 1.0 (f) 4.928 922 1.0 (f) *1.0 (same unit, different symbol) *1.0 (same unit) *1.0 (same unit) *1.0 (same unit) *1.0 (same unit) *1.0 (b) (same unit) *1.0 (b) (same unit) 1.609 347 *0.304 8 *0.304 8
3

mL cm

cup cup tablespoon tablespoon teaspoon teaspoon time yr (year) d (day) h min s angular velocity velocity rad/s kn (knot) mi/h ft/s acceleration ft/s
2

mL metric cup mL metric tablespoon mL metric teaspoon a (year) d (day) h min s rad/s kn (knot) km/h m/s m/s
2

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MMS Preferred Metric Units Periodic and Related Phenomena

Quantity frequency rotational frequency From Inch-Pound Units c/s (formerly cps, cycles per second) r/s (formerly rps, revolutions per second) r/min (formerly rpm, revolutions per minute) Hz r/s r/min To Metric Units Multiply by *1.0 *1.0 (same unit) *1.0 (same unit)

Mechanics
mass (weight) ton (long) ton (short) slug lb (avdp) oz (troy) oz (avdp) grain moment of mass density lbft ton (short)/yd lb/ft concentration (mass) momentum
3 3

t (metric ton) (1 t = 1,000 kg) t (metric ton) kg kg g g mg kgm t/m

3 3

1.016 047 (g) *0.9007 184 74 (g) 14.593 90 (g) *0.453 592 37 (g) 31.103 48 (g) 28. 349 52 (g) *64.798 91 (g) 0.138 255 0 1.186 553 16.018 46 119.826 4 7.489 152 0.138 255 0 0.042 140 11 0.042 140 11 4.448 222 4.448 222 0.138 255 0 1.355 818 0.112 984 8 *101.325 *100.00 6.894 757

kg/m g/L g/L

lb/gal oz/gal lbft/s

2

kgm/s kgm /s kgm2 kN N M Nm Nm kPa kPa

2

angular momentum moment of inertia force

lbft /s lbft2 kip lbf poundal

moment of force, torque

lbfft lbfin

pressure

atm (std) bar lbf/in (formerly psi)

2

kPa

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MMS Preferred Metric Units Mechanicscontinued

Quantity pressure (continued) From Inch-Pound Units inHg (32 F) ft H2O (39.2 F) inH20 (60 F) mmHg (0 C) mbar stress kip/in (formerly ksi) lbf/in (formerly psi) lbf/in (formerly psi) lbf/ft modulus of elasticity second moment of area section modulus warping constant viscosity (dynamic) viscosity (kinematic) surface tension energy, work
4 3 6 2 2 2 2 2

To Metric Units kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa MPa MPa kPa kPa GPa cm cm cm
4 3 6

Multiply by 3.386 38 2.988 98 0.248 84 0.133 322 *0.1 6.894 757 0.006 894 757 6.894 757 0.047 880 26 0.006 894 757 41.623 14 16.387 06 268.535 9 *1.0 *1.0 14.593 90 *3.6 *4.184 (h) 1.055 056 (i) 1.355 818 105.480 4 3.516 800 1.055 056 (i) 0.745 699 9 *0.746 0.293 071 1 (i)

kip/in (formerly ksi) in in

in

cP (centipoise) cSt (centistokes) lbf/ft kWh calth Btu ftlbf therm (U.S.)

mPas mm /s N/m MJ J kJ J MJ kW kW kW kW W
2

power

ton (refrigeration) Btu/s hp (550 ftlbf/s) hp (electric) Btu/h

Heat
thermodynamic temperature temperature interval Celsius temperature temperature interval linear expansion coefficient F F F F F-1 K K C C K-1 or C-1 *Tk = (tF + 459.67)/1.8 *1/1.8 (j) *tC = (tF - 32)/1.8 * 1/1l8 (j) *1.8

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MMS Preferred Metric Units Heatcontinued

Quantity heat, quantity of heat From Inch-Pound Units kWh calth Btu ftlbf therm (U.S.) heat flow rate Btu/s Btu/h thermal conductivity coefficient of heat transfer heat capacity specific heat capacity entropy specific entropy specific internal energy Btuin/(ft hF) Btu/(ft2hF) Btu/F Btu/(lbF) Btu/F Btu/(lbF) Btu/lb
2

To Metric Units MJ J kJ J MJ kW W W/(mC) W/(m2C) kJ/C kJ/(kgC) kJ/C kJ/(kgC) kJ/kg

Multiply by * 3.6 * 4.184 (h) 1.055 056 (i) 1.355 818 105.480 4 1.055 056 (i) 0.293 071 1 (i) 0.144 227 9 (i) (j) 5.678 263 9 (i) (j) 1.899 108 (8) (j) *4.186 8 (i) 1.899 108 (i) *4.186 8 (i) *2.326 (i)

Electricity and Magnetism (any suitable prefix depending upon the magnitude of the quantity)
electric current electric charge electric potential, potential difference, electromotive force capacitance magnetic field strength magnetic flux density magnetic flux inductance electric resistance conductance resistivity conductivity A Ah V A C V *1.0 (same unit) *3600.0 *1.0 (same unit)

F oersted gauss maxwell H mho ohm circular mil per foot mho/cm

F A/m T nWb H S nm S/m

*1.0 (same unit) 79.577 47 *100.0 *10.0 *1.0 (same unit) *1.0 (same unit) *1.0 1.662 426 * 100.00

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ENGLISH-METRIC USAGE

MMS Preferred Metric Units Light and Related Electromagnetic Reduction

wavelength radiant intensity radiance irradiance luminous intensity luminous flux quantity of light luminance luminous exitance illuminance W/sr W/(srm ) W/m cd lm lms lambert (L) lm/ft
2 2 2

nm W/sr W/(srm ) W/m cd lm lms cd/cm lm/m lx

2 2 2 2

*0.1 *1.0 (same unit) *1.0 (same unit) *1.0 (same unit) *1.0 (same unit) *1.0 (same unit) *1.0 (same unit) 0.318 309 9 10.763 91 10.763 91

fc (footcandle)

Nuclear Reaction and Ionizing Radiation

activity (of a radionuclide) absorbed dose dose equivalent curie (Ci) rad rad rem rem mrem mrem roentgen (R) MBq (Bq - becquerel) Gy (gray) cGy Sv (sievert) mSv mSv Sv C/kg *37 000 *0.01 *1.0 *0.01 *10.0 *0.01 *10.1 0.000 258

exposure (x-rays and gamma rays)

See notes pertinent to this table on next page.

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Notes to the Preferred Metric Units List

(a) Use of the degree and its decimal submultiples is permissible when radian is not a convenient unit. Use of the minute and second is discouraged except for special fields such as cartography. The nautical mile (nmi) equals exactly 1,852 meters by definition. The knot is equal to one nautical mile per hour. The nautical mile and the knot are units acceptable for use with SI temporarily. In surveying and cartography, use is made of the U.S. statute mile based on the U.S. survey foot, which is longer than the international foot by two parts per million. The factors used in the table for statute mile, acre, acre foot, and square statute mile are based on the U.S. survey foot. Factors for all other length, area, and volume values are based on the international foot. The term micron has been superseded by the term micrometer. If you wish to convert fuel efficiency (mi/gal) to fuel consumption (L/100 km), use the formula:
235.215 (mi/gal) = L/100 km

(b)

(c)

(d) (e)

(f)

The listed equivalences between metric and inch-pound kitchen measures are based on a metric cup of 250 mL, a metric tablespoon of 15 mL, and a metric teaspoon of 5 mL. In common parlance, the word weight is often used to mean mass. The unit cal should not be confused with kcal. The unit kcal is often called Calorie, with a capital C as its symbol, especially in nutrition. The unit calth (thermochemical) is equal to exactly 4.184 J. Unless otherwise indicated, all Btu units in the table are Btu IT (International Table) adopted by the Fifth International Conference on the Properties of Steam, London, 1956. In these expressions, C indicates temperature intervals. Therefore, C may be replaced by K if desired without changing the value or affecting the conversion factor. For example, in thermal conductivity, 1 W/(mC) = 1 W/(mK).

(g) (h)

(i)

(j)

* Exact conversion factors.

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MMSs Supplemental List of Preferred Units

EM.9.It was recognized that some departments and agencies use inch-pound units applicable to their special field that are not included in the general list of metric units. Therefore, these agencies were encouraged to prepare supplemental lists of preferred units for their special fields. Such units peculiar to MMS are listed below. (See also list under A.31.)

MMS Supplemental List of Preferred Units

Unit Bcf BOE Btu MMcf MMbbl Mbbl Mcf MMBOE Tcf Definition billion cubic feet barrels of oil equivalent British thermal unit. One Btu is approximately equal to 1,055 joules. million cubic feet million barrels thousand barrels thousand cubic feet million barrels of oil equivalent trillion cubic feet

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110