Cell Organelles Notes Student Handout

7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Eukaryotic Cell Structures Structures within a _______________ cell that perform important cellular functions are known as _____________. Cell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts: the _________ and the __________. The cytoplasm is the portion of the cell _________________________________. Plant Cell Animal Cell

Nucleus The nucleus is the _______ _________ of the cell. The nucleus contains nearly all the cell's _____ and with it the _________ ________ for making __________ __ __ _____ _________ _____________

The Nucleus

The envelope is dotted with ________ _______, which allow material to _____ ____ ____ _____ of the nucleus. The _________ _________ in the nucleus is called___________. Chromatin consists of ___ bound to _________. When a cell divides, chromatin ________to form _______________. Chromosomes contain the _________ _____________ that is passed from one

The nucleus is surrounded by a _________ _________ composed of two membranes.

generation of cells to the next. Most _______ also contain a __________. The nucleolus is where the _______ ____ _____________ begins.

Ribosomes One of the most important jobs carried out in the cell is _________ __________. Proteins are _________ ____ __________. Ribosomes are _____ ___________ ___ _____ and protein found throughout the __________. Ribosomes produce __________ by following coded instructions that come from the _________. Cells that are active in _________ _________are often packed with ___________.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Eukaryotic cells contain an internal membrane system called the endoplasmic reticulum, or ER. The endoplasmic reticulum is where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell.

There are two types of ER_______ and_________. The portion of the ER involved in _________ ________ is called ______ _________ _________, or rough ER. _________ are found on the surface of rough ER. Rough ER is _________in cells that produce large amounts of _________for _________. _________ER does not have _________on its surface. Smooth ER contains collections of _________that perform specialized tasks, such as _________of _________ ______ and _______________of drugs.

Golgi Apparatus _________ produced in the rough ER move into the __________________. The Golgi apparatus appears as a ______ of _________ _________ ___________. Golgi Apparatus The Golgi apparatus _________, sorts, and __________ proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for __________ in the cell or __________ outside the cell. From the Golgi apparatus, __________ are then shipped to their _________ ____________ throughout the cell or outside of the cell.

Lysosomes Lysosomes are _____ _________ filled with _________. Lysosomes break down ______,___________, and _________into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. Lysosomes also break down _________that have outlived their usefulness.

Vacuoles Some cells contain _________structures called _________that store materials such as _______, ______, _________, and ____________.In many plant cells there is a single, large _________ _________ filled with liquid. The _________of the central vacuole allows plants to support _________ _________ such as _________and _________. Vacuoles are also found in some _________ _________and in some _________. The paramecium contains a ________ _________that pumps excess ______ out of the cell.

Mitochondria Nearly all _________ cells contain mitochondria. Mitochondria convert the _________ _______ stored in food into _________ that are more convenient for the cell to use. Mitochondria are enclosed by two ___________an ________ membrane and an ________ membrane.

The inner membrane is _________ ___ inside the organelle.

Chloroplasts Plants and some other organisms contain ____________. ____________capture energy from _________ and convert it into _________ energy in a process called ___________________.

Chloroplasts are surrounded by ____ _____________. Chloroplasts contain the _________ _________ ___________________.

Cytoskeleton Eukaryotic cells are given their ______ and _________ _________ by the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is a _________ of protein _________ that helps the cell to maintain its shape. The cytoskeleton is also involved in _________. The cytoskeleton is made up of: ___________________ ___________________ Microtubules Microtubules are _________ structures made up of proteins known as ____________. Microtubules: _________ cell shape. are important in _____ __________. build projections from the cell surface _____ and _________that enable some cells to ______ rapidly through liquids. In _________ cells, structures known as ____________ are formed from tubulin. Centrioles are located near the ___________ and help to organize _____ __________. Microfilaments are _________ __________ made up of the protein _______. form ___________ __________ in some cells. produce a _______ , flexible _________ that supports the cell. help some cells _______.