Session 02

Quality of Services for Wireless/Fixed Communication Systems
ITU Centre of Excellence for Arab Region

Tunis Hammamet 8-10 November 2010
Quality of Services for Wireless/Fixed Communication Systems

ITU Centre of Excellence for Arab Region
Session 2
QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

Abdelkerim Amara CERT Amara.Abdelkerim@cert.mincom.tn
Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks
Session 2 : QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks
Contents
1. General Considerations 2. Service independent QoS Parameters 3. Direct Services QoS Parameters
4. Store-and-forward (S&F) Services QoS Parameters

5. Typical procedures for Quality of Service measurement equipment 6. Measurement Profiles
General considerations
QoS Parameters model
4 layers model Layer 1 : Network availability : Service Provider Point of view Layer 2 : Network Accessibility : User Point of view, basic requirement Layer 3 : Service accessibility, Integrity, Retainability.
Layer 4 : Differents services => QoS Parameters

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Service independent QoS Parameters

Radio Network Unavailability Network Selection and Registration Failure Ratio Network Selection and Registration Time Attach Failure Ratio
Attach Setup Time

PDP Context Activation Failure Ratio PDP Context Activation Time Data Call Access Failure Ratio
DNS Host Name Resolution Failure Ratio DNS Host Name Resolution Time
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Radio Network Unavailability
Definition : Probability that the mobile services are not offered to a user. Equation:
Radio Network Unavailabili ty probing attempts with mobile services not available 100 all probing attempts
Technical condition: GSM: Check C1-critiria > 0 GPRS: Check GRPS specific signalling contained within System Information 3 WCDMA: Check S-critiria > 0 When the test mobile operates in dual-mode (GSM/UMTS) than the judgment on Radio Network Unavailability is made with respect to the radio access technology in which the test device is at the moment of the check. The target networks could constitute of more than one network, e.g. to cover national or international roaming.
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Network Selection and Registration Failure Ratio
Definition : Probability that the user cannot perform a successful selection and registration on the desired PLMN or on some PLMN Equation:Network Selection and Registration Failure Ratio unsuccessful selectionand registration attemps on PLMN 100
all selectionand registration attempts
This parameter with network selection and registration time replace network inaccessibility ratio (ETSI)

Network Selection and Registration Time
Definition : Time it takes the user to perform a successful selection and registration on the desired PLMN or on some PLMN Equation:
Network Selection and Registration Time t start of network selection and registration attempt t successful network selection and registration
The user equipment (UE) shall be deregistered from any available PLMN and shall not be within a registration procedure. Some network (automatic selection mode) or the desired network (manual selection mode) to which the UE should register as well as the desired access technology shall be available and the UE shall be allowed to register to this network.

Attach Failure Ratio
Definition : The probability that a subscriber cannot attach to the PS network Equation:
Attach FailureRatio unsuccessful attach attempts 100 all attach attempts
Technical condition: Start: UE sends the attach request message Stop: UE receives the attach accept message GPRS: Indicator will only be updated by event (a loss of SI13 signalling or a coverage hole will not be detected if no attach, routing area update or TBF request is initiated). It might occur that the mobile station sends more than one attach request towards the SGSN, since retries are necessary. A maximum of four retries are possible. These retries should not have impact on the attach failure ratio, since only one attach request message should be counted in the calculation.
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Attach Setup Time Definition : the time period needed to attach to the PS network Equation:
Attach setup time t attach complete t attachrequest
The difference between an attach of a known subscriber and an unknown subscriber will be reflected in the time period indicating the attach setup time., the SGSN contacts the HLR in order to receive the subscriber data. The attach setup time of an unknown subscriber will be slightly longer than the one of a known subscriber. While determining the average attach setup time only successful attach attempts are included in the calculations.
The PS bearer has to be active in the cell used by a subscriber

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PDP Context Activation Failure Ratio
Definition : Its the probability that the PDP context cannot be activated. It is the proportion of unsuccessful PDP context activation attempts and the total number of PDP context activation attempts
Equation:
PDP Context Activation Failure Ratio unsuccessful PDP context activation attempts 100 all PDP context activation attempts
Technical condition: Start: UE sends the first "Activate PDP context Request" message (Layer 3). Stop: UE receives the "Activate PDP context Accept" message (Layer 3). It might occur that the mobile station sends more than one PDP context activation request towards the SGSN, since retries are necessary. A maximum of four retries are possible These retries should not have impact on the activation failure ratio. The PS bearer has to be active in the cell used by a subscriber and the mobile station has to be attached
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PDP Context Activation Time
Definition : It describes the time period needed for activating the PDP context Equation:
PDP Context Activation Time t PDP context activation accept t PDP context activation request
While determining the average PDP context activation time only successful activation attempts are included in the calculations. The PDP context activation time should be determined per service, since the service might have impact on the actual activation time.
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Data Call Access Failure Ratio
Definition: The failure of the data call access from initiating a data call to alerting or a busy signal is covered by this parameter
Equation:
Data CallAccess Fail unsuccessful data call accesses 100 all data call access attempts
Technical condition: Start: A CHANNEL_REQUEST message is sent over the RACH Stop: Reception of CONNECT ACK at the A-party
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DNS Host Name Resolution Failure Ratio
Definition: It is the probability that a host name to host address translation of a DNS resolver was not successful
Equation:
DNSHost NameResolution FailureRatio unsuccessfulDNShost name resolution requests 100 DNShost name resolution requests
Technical condition: Start: Protocol: DNS. Data packet containing DNS type A (host address) "Standard query" message for the desired host name. Stop: Data packet received containing a type A "Standard query response, No error" response, the respective type A "Standard query" query and an answer including the desired host name to host address translation.
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DNS Host Name Resolution Failure Ratio (Cont.)
This QoS parameter is only relevant for packet switched services; Resolutions of different host names shall not be compared directly, since the time to perform a search in the DNS server differs depending on the host name; Resolutions involving different DNS name servers are not directly comparable;
Resolutions utilizing TCP cannot be directly compared to resolutions using UDP, since DNS messages carried by UDP are restricted to 512 bytes. UDP is the recommended method for standard queries on the Internet.
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DNS Host Name Resolution Time
Definition: The DNS host name resolution time is the time it takes to perform a host name to host address translation
Equation:
DNS Host NameResolutionTime tStandardQueryResponse - t StandardQuery
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Direct Services QoS Parameters
FTP IMS PING
FTP : File Transfer Protocol

Mobile Broadcast
Wap
IMS : IP Multimedia SubSystem Wap :Wireless Application Protocol PoT : Push to talk
Direct Services QoS Parameters Web Radio PoT
Http
Streaming Video
Telephony
Video Telephony
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File Transfer
FTP {D|U} Service NonAccessibility FTP {D|U} Setup Time FTP {D|U} IP-Service Access Failure Ratio FTP {D|U} IP-Service Setup Time
Mobile Broadcast (1) Mobile Broadcast (2)

Mobile Broadcast Network NonAvailability
Mobile Broadcast Program Menu Non-Accessibility Mobile Broadcast Program Menu Access Time Mobile Broadcast Channel NonAccessibility Mobile Broadcast Channel Access Time Mobile Broadcast Interactivity Response Failure Ratio Mobile Broadcast Interactivity Response Time Mobile Broadcast Session Cutoff Ratio
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Ping
Ping Time Round
Mobile Broadcast Service Integrity

Mobile Broadcast Reproduction Soft Cut-off Ratio Mobile Broadcast Reproduction Hard Cut-off Ratio
Mobile Broadcast Audio Quality
FTP {D|U} Session Failure Ratio

FTP {D|U} Session Time FTP {D|U} Mean Data Rate
Mobile Broadcast Video Quality
FTP {D|U} Data Transfer Cutoff Ratio

Push to Talk over Cellular Push to Talk over Cellular Push to Talk over Cellular Push to Talk over Cellular
PoC Registration Failure Ratio PoC Registration Time PoC Publish Failure Ratio PoC Publish Time PoC Registration Failure Ratio (long) PoC Registration Time (long) PoC Session Initiation Failure Ratio (on-demand) PoC Session Initiation Time (on-demand)
PoC Session Media Parameters Negotiation Failure Ratio (preestablished) PoC Session Media Parameters Negotiation Time (pre-established) PoC Session Initiation Failure Ratio (preestablished) PoC Session Initiation Time (preestablished) PoC Session Setup Failure Ratio (ondemand) PoC Session Setup Failure Ratio (preestablished)
PoC Push to Speak Time PoC Session Leaving Failure Ratio (on-demand) PoC Session Leaving Time (ondemand) PoC Session Leaving Failure Ratio (pre-established) PoC Session Leaving Time (preestablished) PoC Deregistration Failure Ratio
PoC Busy Floor Response Time PoC Talk Burst Request Failure Ratio PoC Talk Burst Request Time
PoC Talk Burst Cut-off Ratio

PoC Talk Burst Packet Drop Ratio PoC Voice Transmission Delay
PoC Session Setup Time
PoC Deregistration Time PoC Busy Floor Response Failure Ratio
PoC Push to Speak Failure Ratio
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Streaming Video
Streaming Service NonAccessibility Streaming Service Access Time Streaming Reproduction Cutoff Ratio Streaming Audio Quality Streaming Video Quality Streaming Audio/Video DeSynchronization Streaming Reproduction Start Failure Ratio Streaming Reproduction Start Delay
Streaming Video
Streaming Teardown Failure Ratio Streaming Teardown Time Streaming Rebuffering Failure Ratio Streaming Rebuffering Time)
Video Telephony
Network Accessibility/Availability Parameter Overview Chart
Video Telephony
VT Speech Quality on Sample Basis
VT Video Quality VT End-To-End Mean One-Way Transmission Time
VT Service Non-Accessibility
VT Service Access Time VT Audio/Video Setup Failure Ratio VT Audio/Video Setup Time
VT Audio/Video Synchronization
VT Cut-off Call Ratio
VT Speech Quality on Call Basis

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Telephony
Telephony Service NonAccessibility Telephony Speech Quality on Call Basis Telephony Speech Quality on Sample Basis Telephony Cut-off Call Ratio Telephony CLIP Failure Ratio
Web Browsing (HTTP)

HTTP Service NonAccessibility HTTP Setup Time HTTP IP-Service Access Failure Ratio HTTP IP-Service Setup Time HTTP Session Failure Ratio HTTP Session Time HTTP Mean Data Rate HTTP Data Transfer Cut-off Ratio
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Web Radio
Web Radio EPG Retrieval Failure Ratio Web Radio EPG Retrieval Time
WAP
WAP Activation Failure Ratio
WAP Activation Time WAP {Page} IP Access Failure Ratio WAP {Page} IP Access Setup Time WAP {Page} Session Failure Ratio WAP {Page} Session Time WAP {Page} Request Failure Ratio WAP {Page} Request Time
Web Radio Tune-in Failure Ratio
Web Radio Tune-in Time Web Radio Reproduction Set-up Failure Ratio Web Radio Reproduction Set-Up Time Web Radio Reproduction Cutoff Ratio Web Radio Audio Quality
WAP (2)
WAP {Page} Mean Data Rate
WAP {Page} Data Transfer Cut-off Ratio WAP {Page} Data Transfer Time
IMS
MTSI Registration Failure Ratio MTSI Registration Time MTSI Session Set-up Failure Ratio MTSI Session Set-up Time MTSI Session Add Failure Ratio MTSI Session Add Time MTSI Session Remove Failure Ratio MTSI Session Remove Time
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IMS
MTSI Session Completion Failure Ratio MTSI Speech Quality MTSI Speech Transmission Delay MTSI Speech Path Delay
IMS
MTSI Real-Time Text Failure Ratio
MTSI Real-Time Text Delivery Time MTSI Messaging Failure Ratio
MTSI Messaging Delivery Time

MTSI File/Media Sharing Failure Ratio MTSI File/Media Sharing Mean Data Rate
MTSI Video Quality
MTSI Video Transmission Delay
MTSI Video Path Delay MTSI Audio/Video DeSynchronization
Store-and-forward (S&F) Services QoS Parameters
E-mail SMS MMS
Email
S&F QoS Parameters

MMS SMS
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Parameter Overview Chart
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S&F
Message Upload Session Failure Ratio Message Upload Session Time Message Upload Access Failure Ratio Message Upload Access Time Message Upload Data Transfer Cut-off Ratio Message Upload Data Transfer Time Notification Start Failure Ratio Notification Start Time
S&F
Notification Download Session Failure Ratio Notification Download Session Time Notification Download Access Failure Ratio Notification Download Access Time Notification Download Data Transfer Cut-off Ratio Notification Download Data Transfer Time Message Download Session Failure Ratio Message Download Session Time
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S&F
Message Download Access Failure Ratio Message Download Access Time Message Download Data Transfer Time Message Download Data Transfer Cut-off Ratio Notification and Message Download Failure Ratio Notification and Message Download Time End-to-End Failure Ratio
S&F
Login Non-Accessibility
Login Access Time
End-to-End Time

E-mail Concept Overview Chart
E-mail based on SMTP, IMAP4 & POP3 protocols Parameters related to upload session and download session: Session Failure Ratio/Time Mean Data Rate Data Transfer Cut-off Ratio/Time E-mail Login Non-Accessibility E-mail Login Access Time E-mail Notification Push Failure Ratio/Time E-mail End-to-End Failure Ratio
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E-mail Concept Overview Chart

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Signaling Flow Example SMTP E-mail Upload
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Signaling Flow Example POP3 Header Download
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Signaling Flow Example POP3 E-mail Download
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MMS QoS Parameters
MMS Send Failure Ratio
the MMS-message cannot be downloaded by the MT mobile, which received a MMS notification before
MMS Retrieval Failure Ratio

MMS Send Time MMS Retrieval Time MMS Notification Failure Ratio/Time
MMS-message reception A push-sms is sent to the receiver's mobile. In automatic mode, the push sms initiates a WAPconnection to download the MMS from the MMS-C. The initiation of the WAP connection is called the WAP GET REQUEST (WGR). The time elapsing between the WGR and the completion of the download of the MMS will be described by the parameter MMS Retrieval Time
MMS End-to-End Failure Ratio

MMS End-to-End Delivery Time
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The time elapsing from the complete submission of the Multimedia-Message to the MMSC to the reception of the Notification (MT) is the MMS Notification Delay

SMS QoS Parameters
SMS Service Non-Accessibility MO
Time between sending a Short Message to a Short Message Centre (SMSC) and receiving the notification from the Short Message Centre
Probability that the end-user cannot access the Short Message Service when requested while it is offered by display of the network indicator on the Mobile Equipment
SMS Access Delay MO
SMS Completion Failure Ratio
Time between sending a Short Message to a Short Message Centre (SMSC) and receiving the notification from the Short Message Centre
SMS End-to-End Delivery Time

Time between sending a Short Message to a Short Message Centre and receiving the very same Short Message on another mobile equipment
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Typical procedures for Quality of Service measurement equipment

Setup & Control
Measurements should be conducted in a way that user behaviour is emulated, with a number of parameters under control of the measurement equipment
The measurement equipment and control must ensure that the starting conditions are the same for each transaction
Pause times should be sufficiently long that the equipment is in a stable (idle) state again (guard time)
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Phase and result classification for direct services
A direct transaction consists of two top-level phases: Service access and service usage A direct transaction may have one of the following overall results
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Phase and result classification for S&F services
A S&F transaction consists of two top-level phases: Content sending and content delivery A S&F transaction may have one of the following overall results
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Telephony measurement
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Data measurement
Session access: Access and authentication procedure for basic internet access. Successful access is assumed when a temporary IP address good for data transactions has been assigned to the testing system. DNS access: Obtaining an IP address from a URL (web site name, server name). Successful DNS access is assumed when an IP address has been obtained from a given, valid URL. Domain access: This is the actual internet access as seen from the user's perspective. For testing purposes, a successful domain access can be assumed when communication with the target server has been proved. The respective action will depend on the service under test.
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Possible transaction results (Session)
Loss of radio connection.
Loss of basic IP connection. (If DNS access is still possible after a session loss, it is assumed that basic IP connection is still intact)
Loss of internet access: (If access to another domain or server is still possible, it shall be assumed that basic internet is still intact) Loss of connection to the server
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Measurement Profiles
Test profiles are required to enable benchmarking of different networks Factors affecting comparability :
number of sessions; sessions duration; time between sessions; protocol settings (like TCP/IP settings for data services or AMR-settings for speech services); user profile stored in the HLR geographic location; type of location (indoor, hotspot, city, suburban, rural, train, etc.); speed when mobile;
type of vehicle; type of antenna; handset type; handset hardware and firmware version; service being tested and limitations of service; network configuration; mobile users' population density
Comparing like for like performance
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Classification of measurement environments (Ref ETSI)
Stationary tests
Drive tests and Walk Tests
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Telephony/ Video Telephony Service profile
Call Durations CD1: 10 seconds for call setup testing CD2: 120 seconds for typical tests, default call duration CD3: 300 seconds for stability tests.
Call Window Call Duration + 30 seconds, (for the setup and release phases) + 30 seconds (for the minimum pause interval)
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Data Services
Service-independent timeout values Attach Timeout: 75 seconds. PDP Context Activation Timeout : 150 seconds
Service-dependent timeout values
HTTP/FTP
Service Accessibility Timeout: 150 seconds + IP-Service Access Timeout; Setup Time Timeout: 150 seconds + IP-Service Access Timeout; IP-Service access Timeout (and IP-Service Setup Time Timeout): 30 seconds;
Data Transfer Cut-off Timeout: ULandDL: File size[kByte] 8/50 (GPRS : UL 8/10, DL 8/5)
Email Same but IP-Service access Timeout (and IP-Service Setup Time Timeout): 60 seconds
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Quality of Services for Wireless/Fixed Communication Systems

ITU Centre of Excellence for Arab Region

Quality of Services for Wireless/Fixed Communication Systems

QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks

Session 2 : QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

4. Store-and-forward (S&F) Services QoS Parameters

Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks

Session 2 : QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

Layer 4 : Differents services => QoS Parameters

Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks

Session 2 : QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

Service independent QoS Parameters

Attach Setup Time

Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks

Session 2 : QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

Service independent QoS Parameters

Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks

Session 2 : QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

Service independent QoS Parameters

Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks

Session 2 : QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

Service independent QoS Parameters

Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks

Session 2 : QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

Service independent QoS Parameters

Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks

Session 2 : QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

Service independent QoS Parameters

The PS bearer has to be active in the cell used by a subscriber

Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks

Session 2 : QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

Service independent QoS Parameters

Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks

Session 2 : QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

Service independent QoS Parameters

Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks

Session 2 : QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

Service independent QoS Parameters

Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks

Session 2 : QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

Service independent QoS Parameters

Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks

Session 2 : QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

Service independent QoS Parameters

Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks

Session 2 : QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

Service independent QoS Parameters

Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks

Session 2 : QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

Direct Services QoS Parameters

FTP IMS PING

FTP : File Transfer Protocol

Direct Services QoS Parameters Web Radio PoT

Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks

Session 2 : QoS aspects for popular services in GSM and 3G networks

Direct Services QoS Parameters

Mobile Broadcast (1) Mobile Broadcast (2)

Mobile Broadcast Service Integrity

Mobile Broadcast Audio Quality

FTP {D|U} Session Failure Ratio

Mobile Broadcast Video Quality

FTP {D|U} Data Transfer Cutoff Ratio

Workshop : QoS for fixed and mobile networks