Dated: February 10, 2012 1st Class Mr.

Mahboob Ul Alam

History & Development of Textile: The word Merchandising comes from Merchandise . The process of merchandise is called Merchandising and the person who merchandise is called merchandising. The merchandising all about the garments is called Apparel Merchandising. What is Textile? The term was originally used to describe woven and knitted fabric. However now a days the word textile is often use to describe any product made from fabric whether it is woven, knitted or bonded. Fibre Yarn Fabric = = Avuk m~Zv

= Kvco

Garments = cvkvK

Textile Technology: TT is all about using knowledge & skill to plan, design and make good quality textile products. The oldest fabric found near a village of Tigress river in Turkey in BC 7000. BC 2800 in Egypt first garment of a kid was found. That fabric was made on linen. Linen made from the fibre of Flax tree. (5000 3000) BC use animal skin as clothes. After 3000 BC Linen in Egypt, Silk in China, Cotton in India and Woolen fabric in Europe was found. Textile industry first establish in Britain by the Romans in third century. After 3rd century to 12th century it was as cottage industry. In 1589 A.D. the first knitting machine invented by William Lee. First textile factory established at Lankashare city of England. 1907 A.D. Rayon Fabric invented as artificial fabric. 1925 A.D. Acetate Fabric invented 1935 A.D. Nylon Fabric invented 1970 A.D. bonded fabric start 1970 2000 at least 40 types of fabric comes in the market.

Dated: February 11, 2012 2nd Class Mr. Mahboob Ul Alam Fibre: is a hair like substance Fibre Natural Man Maid # Synthetic Animal # Generated # Rayon

Plant

Types of cotton: a. Sea-island cotton, Maximum length 2.25 inch. Grow in Florida, Georgia & S. Karolina of U.S.A. inches. Grow in Peru & Egypt. c. US cotton, Maximum length 1.5 inches. Grow in U.S.A. d. Asia cotton, Maximum length 1.18 inches. Grow in Asia What is the most popular fibre & why? Cotton is the most popular fibre in the world. Reason behind popularity: 1. Comfortable 2. Capacity to absorb humidity 3. Flexible to adjust with body 4. Versatility in design 5. Good reaction to chemical 6. Long lasting 7. Free from electric effect Properties of fibre: 1. Warmth 2. Cool 3. Not damaged by heat 4. Strength 5. Hydro phobic fibre (mnR cvwb XyKbv) 6. Hydro phallic fibre (mnR cvwb XyK) 7. Flammability 8. Moth (cvKv) resistance 9. Mildew (wPZv) resistance

What is Yarn? The twisted form of fibre is known as yarn. According to ASTM (American Society for Testing & Materials) A generic term for continuous strand of textile fibre filaments on other material in a form suitable for knitting and weaving. Staple & Filament: The fibre of short length is called Staple and the fibre of indefinite length is called Filament. Classification of Yarn: Yarn

Spun

Filament

Simple (Nomix)

Complex (Mixed)

Mono

Multi

Single

Flied (single+single)

Cord (flied+flied)

Cable (cord+cord)

Two types of Yarn

(m~Zv):

A. Spun Yarn: Mechanical assembling of staple fibre 1. Simple  Single  Flied (Cord & Cable) 2. Complex B. Filament Yarn: Manufacture/man maid fibre 1. Mono 2. Multi

Special Yarn: a) b) c) d) e) f) Micro fibre yarn: two times thin than silk, three times than cotton, eight times finest than woolen Textured yarn: Difference appearance of yarn Stretch yarn: use of elastic Open end yarn: use of air current for twisting fibre Metallic yarn (e.g. jhori): Novelty yarn (e.g. Khadi): y Seed yarn (`vbv`vi m~Zv) y Nub yarn (wMz `qv m~Zv) y Slub yarn (AjsKZ m~Zv) y Boucle yarn (KzQKvbv m~Zv) y Spiral yarn (cuvQvbv)

Yarn Manufacturing Process (Cotton): Opening Guite

Blending

Picking

Carding Drawing Combing

Roving

Drawing

Spinning

Roving

Carded Yarn

Spinning Combed Yarn