Past Simple Use Past Simple when: 1. The action is in the past. 2. The action is completely finished. 3.

We say (or understand) the time of the past event. The action could have been short or long. It does not matter how long ago the event is: it can be a few minutes or seconds in the past, or millions of years in the past. Also it does not matter how long the event is. It can be a second or millions of years. She walked to the door. He answered his phone. The car exploded. I fell down the stairs. PRESENT

PAST The action is in the past.

FUTURE

He lived in Japan for 20 years. I watched TV last night for 6 hours. On Saturday, I played video games for 12 hours. People walked or rode animals for thousands of years before the car was invented. PAST PRESENT FUTURE The action is in the past.

Signal words: one minute ago, yesterday, last month, one month ago, last year, 10,000 years ago, in 2002, the other day

Present Simple Use Present Simple when: 1. The statement is always true (facts). PAST Example: The sun is hot. PRESENT FUTURE

The sun was hot yesterday, it is hot today, and it will probably be hot tomorrow. Examples: Bangkok is in Thailand. I like ice cream. Water boils at 100 degrees. He is from China. 2. The action happens all the time, very often, or habitually in the past, present, & future. PAST Example: John drives a taxi. PRESENT FUTURE

It is Johns job to drive a taxi. He drives it for work every day. Yesterday, today, and tomorrow Examples: I play tennis. The train leaves every day at 8:00am. We have class every Friday. 3. Now (for State verbs only, page 59 in your book do not use action verbs to talk about now). PAST Example: I love you. PRESENT FUTURE

I love you now. There is no information about whether I loved you yesterday. There is no information about whether I will love you tomorrow. Examples: Bob needs help. I have my phone with me now. I understand. Sam thinks Susan is sexy. I smell something bad. I am hungry. Some signal words: always, every, often, normally, usually, sometimes, never, first, then

Present Continuous (Progressive) verb to be + verbing Use Present Continuous when: 1. Now and temporary (with Action verbs do not use State verbs to talk about now) PAST Example: I am eating lunch. PRESENT The action is happening now. Examples: I am swimming now. She is studying English. Lek is watching TV. We are walking to class. 2. Longer actions happening now. In English, "now" can mean: this second, today, this month, this year, this century, and so on. Sometimes, we use the Present Continuous to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress; however, we might not be doing it at this exact second. PAST Example: I am learning to drive. PRESENT FUTURE FUTURE

The action is happening around now, but maybe not this minute. 3. Changing situations. PAST Example: I am getting fat. PRESENT FUTURE

The action started sometime in the past and is probably continuing to the future. Examples: The boy is growing taller. I am feeling tired. My English is getting better. Some signal words: at the moment, at this moment, today, now, right now, Look!, Listen!

Present Perfect have/has + Verb 3 Use Present Perfect when: 1. For experience PAST I saw it in the past. I have seen the movie. PRESENT Now I have a memory of it. (or) I dont want to see it again. FUTURE

Examples: I have already taken that class. (So, I dont need to take it next term.) I have been to New York. (So, I want to go a different place for my next holiday.) I have eaten my dinner. (So, Im not hungry now.) 2. For change or new information. PAST Yesterday he had a good leg. Examples: I have bought a car. I have lost my phone. Your English has improved! 3. When something started in the past and continues to the present (maybe it will continue into the future, but thats not important). PAST It started in the past. I have worked here for 20 years. PRESENT It continues to now. FUTURE There is no information about the future. John has broken his leg. PRESENT X Today he has a bad leg. FUTURE

Examples: We have been friends since 2009. I have had this phone for 2 years. She has always lived in Bangkok. Signal words: just, yet, never, already, ever, so far, up to now, recently, since, for

A. Past Simple and Present Perfect 1. This chicken __has been_______________ (be) in the refrigerator for 2 weeks. I think we should throw it out. 2. I _____learned_________ (learn) how to swim last year. 3. Guess what? I finally ___learn___________ (learn) how to swim. Lets go swimming today. 4. When _did you join______________ (join) the company? 5. Bob ___spoke____________ (speak) to me last week. 6. We ___have had____________ (have) this TV since 1985. And it still works! 7. Frank _____cried_________ (cry) when his girlfriend broke up with him. But hes okay now. 8. I __have just finished____________ (just, finish) my homework. Now we can play video games. 9. In 2004, the Olympic Games _was_____________ (be) in Athens, Greece. 10. I cant go out tonight. My grandparents __are coming____________ (come) to visit me. B. Present Simple and Present Continuous 1. Dont give Tom any cheese. He __hates_____________ (hate) cheese. 2. Every Tuesday I ___take____________ (take) a Spanish class. 3. She __has_____________ (have) lunch in that restaurant every day. 4. I ____need___________ (need) to study more. I _am going to fail______________ (fail) my chemistry class this term. 5. It _is raining_____________ (rain) a lot. I _____think__________ (think) I will stay home tonight. 6. She isnt home now. She ___is studying____________ (study) at her friends house. 7. I __am living_____________ (live) with my sister until next week. 8. He always ____wears___________ (wear) a tie to work. 9. Can you please turn the radio off? I __am watching_____________ (watch) TV.

10. The class always _begin______________ (begin) at 11:00 am. C. Present Simple, Present Perfect, and Present Continuous Robin: I (guess) _guess________________ the waiter (forget) ___have forgotten________________ us. We (wait) ___has been waiting _______________ here for over half an hour and nobody (take)_______has taken___________ our order yet. Mark: I (think) ____think______________ you are right. He (walk) ___has walked __ by us about ten times. He probably thinks we (order, already) _______have ordered already_____________. Robin: (look) _Look__________________ at that couple over there. They (be, only) have oly been _________ here for ten minutes and they already (have) _have had________________ their food. Mark: He should know we (order, not) _have not ordered___________________ yet! We (sit) ___have sat _________________ here for over half an hour staring at him. Robin: I dont know if he (notice) __ notices_______________ us. He (run) __is running________________ from table to table taking orders and serving food. Mark: That (is) __is________________ true. He (look, not) _has not looked___ in our direction even once.