EE 234 EXPERIMENT # 4 Diode Characteristics

OBJECTIVES:
To test the diode and to study experimentally the static characteristics of forward and reverse biased Si (silicon), Ge (germanium), and Ze (zener) P-N junction diodes.

EQUIPMENT:
Breadboard / DMM /Avometer / Curve Tracer/(1k ) resistance / Decade resistance box (RL)/diodes (Si, Ge, Ze).

PART (A): Diode Testing: 15 minutes Procedure:

To test the diodes (Si, Ge, Ze) we use the Avometer and measure resistance in forward (Rf) and reverse (Rr) biases by the following procedure and fill the table below: 1- To measure resistance in forward (Rf) we adjust range of Avometer (R*1), then connect the positive lead of the Avometer with the positive lead of diode and the negative lead of the Avometer with negative lead of diode and take the reading. 2- To measure resistance in reverse (Rr) we adjust range of Avometer (R*10 k), then connect the positive lead of the Avometer with the negative lead of diode and the negative lead of the Avometer with positive lead of diode and take the reading. 3- If (Rr)/(Rf) 100, then the diode is not defected.

Diodes Si Ge Ze

Forward (Rf)

Reverse (Rr)

PART (B): The Diode Static Characteristics: 30 minutes Procedure:

Using the curve tracer in the lab room, we will obtain a curve between (y-axis) & vD (x-axis) in forward and reverse biases to find graphically : a) In forward baise:Rf & VD. b) In reverse baise: (Ze) Rr & Vz (for zener diode only). iD

Note: Rf or Rr are the slope of the curve( iD & vD )>> slope = 1/R (i D /vD)=.. Note: VD is the DC voltage for all the diodes in forward direction = (0.50.7) v. Note: Vz is the DC voltage for in reverse direction for zener diode only = (35) v.

PART (C): The Silicon Diode Circuit: 20 minutes

Normal circuit

Normal circuit using P-spice 3points

D2 short circuit

D2 short circuit using P-spice 3points

D2 Open circuit

D2 Open (Replace R1 =100 meg Instead of D2) Using P-spice 3points

VA (v) VB (v) VD1 =VA-VB VD2 =VB I (m A)

Replace R1 =100 meg Instead of D2

Procedure:
1- Set the circuit in fig.1. 2- Take the reading for three cases and fill the table bellow:

PART (D): The Zener Diode Regulator: 20 minutes

Procedure:
1- Set the circuit in fig.2. 2-Take the voltage reading (using DMM in parallel with RL) for the two cases and fill the table bellow: RL VoFL = With Ze VoFL = Without Ze 200 400 600 800 1000 2000 Open VoNL = VoNL =

3- Plot (VFL vs. RL ) to scale for both cases on same graph paper and determine Vz from the plot. Note: Vz is the DC voltage of the zener diode in reverse direction =(3-5)v.

Pre-Spice analysis: (5points)

1-Find (VA & VB & I ) in the circuit of fig.1 for all the cases:(Normal,D2,short & D2open(use 100meg ) & using P.Spice (schematics)? . (3points) Note: student required to print out for these answer three diagrams. 2-Find the VFL with Ze diode for the circuit in fig.2 using P.Spice (schematics)?(for all RL values200 to 1000)use normal R dont use RL. (2points) Note: student required to print out for these answer five diagrams.

Discussion:
1- Find for the two diodes (Ge, Ze) Using curve tracer in lab: a-In forward baise: Rf & VDo For both diodes(Ze) & (Ge). b-In reverse baise : (Ze) Rr & Vr z : (Ge) Rr & VrG Compare between Rf & Rr for both diodes Zi & Ge?

2points

2- Calculate the voltage regulation for the two cases in (part d) for all settings of the RL using this formula: 3 points a- % Regulator = {(VNL - VFL) / (VFL)}*100? b- Plot (% Regulator vs. R L) for the two cases on graph paper? c- Compare between the both cases?

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EXPERIMENT # 4 Diode Characteristics

Data sheet
Part (A):
Diodes Si Ge Ze Forward (Rf) Reverse (Rr) (Rr)/ (Rf)100

Part (B): Curve tracer in the lab. Part (C):

Normal circuit Normal circuit using P-spice 3points

D2 short circuit

D2 short circuit using P-spice 3points

D2 Open circuit

D2 Open (Replace R1 =100 meg Instead of D2) Using P-spice 3points

VA (v) VB (v) VD1 =VA-VB VD2 =VB I (m A)

Replace R1 =100 meg Instead of D2

Part (D):
RL
P-spice
With Ze

200

400

600

800

1000

2000

Open

VoFL =
With Ze

VoNL =

P-spice
Without Ze

VoFL
Without Ze

VoNL =

1-Plot (VFL vs. RL ) to scale for both cases on same graph paper and determine Vz?